Buggé: Electromagnetic Induction 1 Can a Magnetic Field Produce a Current? KEY In our study of magnetism we learned that an electric current through a wire, or moving electrically charged objects, produces a magnetic field. Could the reverse happen? Could a magnetic field produce a current? 1.1 Observe and find a pattern The table describes five experiments involving a galvanometer, a bar magnet, and a coil. The outcomes of the experiments are included, yutube.com/watch?v=qyHd4tPnC6Qé&feature Observational Experiment a. You hold a magnet motionless in front of a ‘The galvanometer reads zero. There is uo current through the coil b. You move the magnet | toward the coil or move the coil toward the | magnet ‘The galvanometer needle moves to the right, inducing a current through the coil. . You move the magnet away from the coil or move the coil away from the magnet. The galvanometer needle moves to the lef, indicating a current through the coil but opposite the direction in the last experiment. @. Youur be magnet 50° ae eee | previous postion The galvanometer registers a current while the magnet te ruraing e, You collapse the sides of the coil together so it's ‘opening becomes very small. You pull open the sides of the collapsed coil so the area becomes large again, In both cases, the galvanomerer registers a current while the coil’s area is changing, but the direction is different in each case, Patterns Although no battery was used, an electric current was induced in the coil when the maguet and coil moved toward or away from each other. Current was also induced hen the coil's orientation relative to the magnet or the area of the coil changed.Buggé: Electromagnetic Induction 1 1.2 Predict and test The following experiment uses two coils. Coil | on the bottom is connected to a battery and has a switch to turn the current through coil 1 on and off. When the switch is open, there is no current in coil 1. When the switch is closed, the current in coil 1 produces a magnetic field whose B-field lines pass through coil 2°s area. For each of the experiments we will use our explanation to predict whether or not there should be an induced electric current in coil 2. https://www. youtube.com/watch feature=youtu.be&ev=iKnB7oiRMTA ‘Testing Experiment ‘Willa current be induced in coil 2? Based on our explanation: Induced current is due ‘to magnetic force exerted on moving charged particles. Outcome, Experiment 1: The switch in the circuit for coil 1 is open. ‘There is no current in coil 1. Is there any current in coil 2? There is no current tn coil T, thus there te no ‘magnetic field at coil 2. Neither coil is moving. No current will be induced in coil 2. “Tie galvanometer registers na current tn coil 2 Experiment 2: You close the switch inthe circuit for coil 1. While the switch is being closed, the current in coil I increases rapidly from 7er0 to a steady final value. Is there any current in coil2 ‘while the switch is being closed? Neither coil is moving thus no current will be induced in coil 2 “Tust as the switch closes, the galvaniomerer needle briefly moves to the let and then returns to vertical, indicating a brief induced eurrent in coil 2 Experiment 3: You keep the switch in the circuit for coil closed. The current in coil 1 has a steady value, Is there current in coil 27 Neither coil is moving. Thus no curvent will be induced in coil 2 ‘The galvanometer registers no current i coil 2 Experiment 4: You open the switch again. Is there any current in coil 2 while the switch is being opened? ‘Neither coil is moving. Ths no current will bbe induced in coil 2, Tust as the switch opens, The galvanomerer needle briefly moves to the right (opposite the direction in experiment 2), then returns ‘0 the vertical, indicating a brief induced current in colt 2 Conclusion The predictions based on our explanation did rot maich the outcomes in 2 of the 4 experiments. Motion isnot necessary to have an induced current. In contrast when the nwnber of Bfield lines through a ceil’s drea changes, there is an induced eurrent in that col ‘This phenomenon of inducing a current using a changing B-field is called electromagnetic induction,Buggé: Blectromagnetic Induction 1 1.3 Observe and find a pattern The table that follows describes five new experiments using a galvanometer, a bar magnet, and a coil, The outcomes of the experiments are included. Experiment | Mlustration ‘Outcome 1. Position a magnet perpendicular tothe coil | and move it slowly toward the coil. Repeat the experiment, moving the || magnet quickly ‘The quicker the magnet’s motion, the stronger the induced current. [2 Position a small magnet, perpendicular to the coil and move it slowly toward | the coil. Repeat the | experiment using a bigger ‘The bigger magnet induces a bigger current than the small magnet when they move atthe same speed with respect tothe coil magnet. 3. Move a magnet ‘When the magnet moves perpendicular to the coil perpendicular tothe coil, the ‘Then move it so that it biggest current is induced, ‘makes an angle with the plane of the coil. Keep the speed the same. | 4. Make a small coil and a large coil. Move the ‘magnet toward each. A stronger current is induced in | the larger col ‘5. Make two coils of the same ‘area, one with two turns ‘and one with ten turns. | Move the magnet toward | each, A stronger current is induced in ‘the coil with more turn. [Devise in words a rule that | relates the magnitude ofthe induced current to various properties of the magnot, its + The strength of the B field in the vicinity of the coil changed, or motion, and properties of the * The area ofthe coit changed, or ‘The orientation ofthe B.field relative to rhe coil changed. An electric current is induced when the number of B-field lines through the eoil's area changes. This occurred when: Magnetic Flux (@): a physical quantity for the number of B-field lines through a coil’s area. * How does Magnetic Flux (@) depend on B-field? On area? ‘* How do we include the dependence of the orientation of the loop relative to the B-field lines? Bctas BACs (See nolan wires Ueetara cwebsite\