Mechanics and General Properties of Matter PDF

fiziks
Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, M.Sc. Entrance, JEST, TIFR and GRE in Physics

Mechanics and General Properties of Matter
IIT-JAM-2005
Q1. A solid sphere of mass m and radius a is rolling with a linear speed v on a flat surface
without slipping. The magnitude of the angular momentum of the sphere on the surface is
2 7 3
(a) mav (b) mav (c) mav (d) mav
5 5 2
Ans.: (b)
2 2v 2 7 mva
Solution: L  I   mva  ma  mva  mva  mva 
5 a 5 5
IIT-JAM-2007
Q2. In terms of the basic units of mass M , length L , time T and charge Q , the dimensions
of magnetic permeability of vacuum 0 are
(a) MLQ 2 (b) ML2T 1Q 2 (c) LTQ 1 (d) LT 1Q 1

Ans.: (a)
   0 I Q
2
Solution: F  I  dl  B, B   F  I 0  MLT    0  0  MLQ 2

2 2
d T 
Q3. A projectile is fired from the origin O at an angle of 45 0 from the horizontal. At the
highest point P of its trajectory the radial and transverse components of its acceleration
in terms of the gravitational acceleration g are
y
2g g  2g g P
(a) a r  , a  (b) a r  , a 
5 5 5 5
g 2g g  2g
(c) a r  , a  (d) a r  , a  O x
5 5 5 5
Ans.: (d)
v 2 sin 2  v 2 sin 2 
Solution: Maximum hmax  and range R  where  
2g g 4
hmax 1
tan   
R 2
2
H.No. 40‐D, Ground Floor, Jia Sarai, Near IIT, Hauz Khas, New Delhi‐110016
Phone: 011‐26865455/+91‐9871145498
Website: www.physicsbyfiziks.com | Email: fiziks.physics@gmail.com
1
fiziks

g
From the figure ar   g cos  90      g sin  
5
2 g
a   g cos  
5
Q4. A satellite moves around a planet in a circular orbit at a distance R from its centre. The
time period of revolution of the satellite is T . If the same satellite is taken to an orbit of
radius 4 R around the same planet, the time period would be
T T
(a) 8T (b) 4T (c) (d)
4 8
Ans.: (a)
3
T  4R  2
Solution: T 2  R3  2     8  T2  8T
T  R 
IIT-JAM-2008
Q5. EFGH is a thin square plate of uniform density  and
y
side 4a . Four point masses, each of mass m , are placed  F
on the plate as shown in the figure. In the moment of m m
inertia matrix I of the composite system, (a, a,0) (a, a,0)
(a) only I xy is zero x
m (a,a,0)
(b) only I xz and I yz are zero (a,a,0) m
(c) all the product of inertia terms are zero H G
(d) none of the product of inertia terms is zero
Ans.: (c)
Solution: I xy    mi xi yi  0, I xz    mi xi zi  0, I yz    mi yi zi  0
i i i
Phone: 011‐26865455/+91‐9871145498
2
fiziks

Q6. A circular disc (in the horizontal xy -plane) is spinning about a vertical axis through its

center O with a constant angular velocity  . As viewed from the reference frame of the
disc, a particle is observed to execute uniform circular motion, in the anticlockwise sense,
centered at P . When the particle is at the point Q , which of the following figures
 
correctly represents the directions of the Coriolis force Fcor and the centrifugal force Fcfg ?
F  r , F cfg P Fr P
Q Q F cfg
(a) (b)
O O
 
F cfg F cfg
Fr
P Fr P
Q Q
(c) (d)
O O
 
Ans.: (c)
   
Solution: F centifugal  1  1  r   1 zˆ  1 zˆ  rrˆ   rˆ
   

F corr  2m   v   2m  zˆ  vˆ  rˆ 
Phone: 011‐26865455/+91‐9871145498
3
fiziks

IIT-JAM-2009
Q7. A space crew has a life support system that can last only for 1000 hours. What minimum
speed would be required for safe travel of the crew between two space stations separated
by a fixed distance of 1.08  1012 km ?
c c c c
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 2 2 5
Ans.: (b)
1000  3600  v
Solution:  1.08  1012  1000
2
v
1
c2
105  36  v v c
 1080  1012  cv
v2 v2 2
1 1
c2 c2
Q8. A particle is moving in space with O as the origin. Some possible expression for its
position, velocity and acceleration in cylindrical coordinates   ,  , z  are given below.
Which one of these is correct?

  d d dz
(a) Position vector r  ˆ  ˆ  zzˆ and velocity v  ˆ   ˆ  zˆ
dt dt dt
 d d dz  d 2 d  d  d 2 z
(b) Velocity v  ˆ   ˆ  zˆ and acceleration a  2 ˆ    ˆ   zˆ
dt dt dt dt dt  dt  dt 2
  d d dz
(c) Position vector r  ˆ  zzˆ and velocity v  ˆ   ˆ  zˆ
dt dt dt
  d
ˆ  ˆ   zˆ
d dz
(d) Position vector r  ˆ  ˆ  zzˆ and velocity v 
dt dt dt
Ans.: (d)
Phone: 011‐26865455/+91‐9871145498
4
fiziks

Q9. A thin massless rod of length 2l has equal point masses m attached at its ends (see
figure). The rod is rotating about an axis passing through its centre and making angle 

is 
dL
with it. The magnitude of the rate of change of its angular momentum
dt
m
(a) 2ml 2 2 sin  cos  (b) 2ml 2 2 sin 
 l
(c) 2ml  sin 
2 2 2
(d) 2ml  cos 
2 2 2
Ans.: (a)
      
Solution: J  m  r    r    m  r    r    2m  r  l sin   2ml 2 sin 
dL  
Torque     J  2ml 2 sin  90    sin   2ml 2 cos  sin 
dt
Q10. Moment of inertia of a solid cylinder of mass M , height l and radius R about an axis
(shown in the figure by dashed line) passing through its centre of mass and perpendicular
to its symmetry axis is
1 1
(a) MR 2  Ml 2
4 12
1 1
(b) MR 2  Ml 2 R
2 8
1 1
(c) MR 2  Ml 2 l
2 12
1 1
(d) MR 2  Ml 2
2 4
Ans.: (a)
Solution: If R be the radius, l , the length and M , the mass of the solid cylinder, supposed to be
M
uniform and of a homogeneous composition, we have its mass per unit length = .
l
Now, imagining the cylinder to be made up of a number of discs each of radius R ,
placed adjacent to each other, and considering one such disc of thickness dx and at a
distance x from the centre O of the cylinder, (figure), we have
Phone: 011‐26865455/+91‐9871145498
5
fiziks

M 
Mass of the disc =   dx and radius = R
 l 
M R2
And  M.I. of the disc about its diameter AB  dx  and its M.I. about the parallel
l 4
axis YOY  , passing through the centre O of the cylinder and perpendicular to its axis of
cylindrical symmetry (or its length), in accordance with the principle of parallel axes,
M R2 M
 dx  dx  x 2
l 4 l
Y
l /2
A
R
X x
X
O
dx
B
l
Y
Hence, M.I. of the whole cylinder about this axis, i.e. I  twice the integral of the above
l
expression between the limits x  0 and x  ,
2
 M R2 M 2  2M l / 2  R 2 
I  2 0   dx  x dx   dx  x 2 dx 
l/2
i.e., 0 
 l 4 l  l  4 
l/2
2M  R 2 x x3 
   
l  4 3 0
2M  R 2 l l 3  2 M  R 2l l 3   R2 l 2 
or I       M  
l  4 2 8 3 l  8 24   4 12 
Phone: 011‐26865455/+91‐9871145498
6
fiziks

IIT-JAM-2010
Q11. A circular platform is rotating with a uniform angular speed  counterclockwise about
an axis passing through its centre and perpendicular to its plane as shown in the figure. A
person of mass m walks radially inward with a uniform speed v on the platform. The
magnitude and the direction of the Coriolis force (with respect to the direction along
which the person walks) is
(a) 2m v towards his left (b) 2m v towards his front
(c) 2m v towards his right (d) 2m v towards his back
Ans.: (c)
 
Solution: F  2m  v  2m v  zˆ  rˆ   2m vˆ
2m v towards his right
Q12.

 
A particle of mass m , moving with a velocity v  v0 iˆ  ˆj , collides elastically with
another particle of mass 2m which is at rest initially. Here, v 0 is a constant. Which of the
following statements is correct?
 iˆ  ˆj 
(a) The direction along which the centre of mass moves before collision is   
 2 
(b) The speed of the particle of mass m before collision in the center of mass frame
is 2v0 .
(c) After collision the speed of the particle with mass 2m in the centre of mass frame
2
is v0 .
3
(d) The speed of the particle of mass 2m before collision in the center of mass frame
is 2v0 .
Ans. : (c)
Phone: 011‐26865455/+91‐9871145498
7
fiziks

Solution: Velocity of center of mass is

 
mv0 iˆ  ˆj  2m  0 v0 iˆ  ˆj


so option a is wrong

m  3m 3
Velocity of mass m with respect to center of mass before collision
  v0 iˆ  ˆj 
2v0 iˆ  ˆj  

u1  vcm  v0 iˆ  ˆj   3

3
so speed is v0
4 4
  v0
9 9
8
9

Velocity of mass 2m with respect to center of mass before collision

u2  vcm  0 

v0 iˆ  ˆj

 
v0 iˆ  ˆj  so speed is v0
1 1
  v0
2

2v0
which is
3 3 9 9 9 3
also speed after the collision with respect to center of mass
IIT-JAM-2011
Q13. A rain drop falling vertically under gravity gathers moisture from the atmosphere at a rate
dm
given by  kt 2 , where m is the instantaneous mass, t is time and k is a constant. The
dt
dv dm
equation of motion of the rain drop is m v  mg
dt dt
If the drop starts falling at t  0 , with zero initial velocity and initial mass m0
( m0  2 gm, k  12 gm / s 3 and g  1000 cm / s 2 ), the velocity v of the drop after one

second is
(a) 250 cm / s (b) 500 cm / s (c) 750 cm / s (d) 1000 cm / s
Ans.: (b)
dm kt 3
Solution:  kt 2  m  2
dt 3
dv dm dv
m v  mg  m  vkt 2  mg
dt dt dt
dv kt 2 dv 3kt 2
 vg  v  g which is linear differential equation
dt m dt kt 3  6
3kt 2
So I .F  exp  dt  (kt 3  6)
3kt  6
3
Phone: 011‐26865455/+91‐9871145498
8
fiziks

 
 
v kt 3  6   g kt 3  6 dt  c t  0, v  0  c  0
g  kt  24t 4
v
4  kt  6  3
Put 2gm, k = 12 gm/s3 and g = 1000 cm/s2),and t  1

1000 12  24 
v  500cm / sec
4 12  6 
A particle of mass m is moving in a potential V  x  

1 a
Q14. m 02 x 2  where  0 and a
2 2mx 2
are positive constants. The angular frequency of small oscillations for the simple
harmonic motion of the particle about a stable minimum of the potential V  x  is
(a) 2 0 (b) 2  0 (c) 4  0 (d) 4 2 0

Ans.: (b)
Solution: V  x  
1 a
m 02 x 2 
2 2mx 2
dV a a
 m02 x  3  0  x 4  2 2
dx mx m 0
d 2V 3a 3m 202
 m02   m0
2
  4m02
dx 2 x  x0
mx 4
m
d 2V
dx 2 x  x0 4m02
   20
m m
Phone: 011‐26865455/+91‐9871145498
9
fiziks

IIT-JAM-2012
Q15. Three masses m , 2m and 3m are moving in xy - plane with speeds 3 u, 2 u and u ,
respectively, as shown in the figure. The three masses collide at the same time at P and
stick together. The velocity of the resulting mass would be
y
(a)
u
12

xˆ  3 yˆ  2m
2u
(b)
u
12

xˆ  3 yˆ  m 60
x
3u P 60
(c)
u
12

 xˆ  3 yˆ  u
(d)
u
12

 xˆ  3 yˆ  3m
Ans.: (d)
m3u  2m .2u cos 60  3m u cos 60 u
Solution: ucmiˆ    xˆ
6 12
m0  2m .2u sin 60  3m u sin 60 3u
ucmiˆ   yˆ
6m 12
The combined mass will move with same velocity as initial center of mass is moving
v
u
12

 xˆ  3 yˆ 
Q16. The figure shows a thin square sheet of metal of uniform density along with possible
choices for a set of principal axes (indicated by dashed lines) of the moment of inertia,
lying in the plane of the sheet. The correct choice(s) for the principal axes would be
p q r
(a) p, q and r (b) p and r (c) p and q (d) p only
Ans.: (c)
Solution: I z about center of mass due to p and q are same
So, p and q are correct choice.
Phone: 011‐26865455/+91‐9871145498
10
fiziks

IIT-JAM-2013
  2 x2 
Q17. A particle is released at x  1 in a force field F  x    2  eˆ x , x  0 . Which one of
x 2 
the following statements is FALSE?

(a) F x  is conservative
(b) The angular momentum of the particle about the origin is constant
(c) The particle moves towards x  2
(d) The particle moves towards the origin
Ans.: (c)
  2 x2 
Solution: F  x    2  eˆ x , x  0
x 2 
 
  F  0 are zero so force is conservative
 
r  F  0 so angular momentum is conserved.
 2 x2 
For equilibrium point F  0  F   2    0  x   2, 2 x  0 so equilibrium
x 2 
point is 2
dF 4 2 x
To check stable and unstable equilibrium point 0 3  0
dx x 2
dF 4 2 x 4
At x  2 , 0 3    2  ve so it is unstable point so particle
dx x 2 2 2
moves away from point x  2 so it is obvious that it will moves towards origin
Q18. If the dimensions of mass, length, time and charge are M , L, T and C respectively, the

dimensions of the magnetic induction field B is
(a) ML2T 1C 1 (b) MT 1C 1 (c) L2T 1C (d) L1T 1C
Ans.: (b)
   C 
Solution: F  I  dl  B,  MLT 2    LB  B  MT 1C 1
T 
Phone: 011‐26865455/+91‐9871145498
11
fiziks

Q19. The path of a particle of mass m , moving under the influence of a central force, in plane
polar coordinates is given by r  r0 e k , where r0 and k are positive constants of
appropriate dimensions. The angular momentum of the particle is L and its total energy
is zero. The potential energy functions V r  , in terms of m, L and k is……………..
Ans.:
L2u 2  d 2u  1
Solution:   2 u  f  
m  d  u
1  k d 2u 1 k 2 e k
k
r  r0 e , u  e ,   k  k  e 
 k
r0 d 2 r0 r0
L2u 2  d 2u  1
  2 u  f  
m  d  u
 L2u 2  k 2 e  k k  k   L2 e 2 k  k 2 e  k k  k  L2 e 3k 2

m  r0
 e  . 2   e  3  1
k k = f  
u

r0  m r0  r0 r0  mr0
L2 3
f 1/ u    u  k  k  1 
m
L2 k  k  1 1
f r   
m r3
dV L2 k  k  1 1 L2 k  k  1 1

dr

m
 3  dV 
r m  r 3 dr
L2 k  k  1 1
V 
2 r2
1 L2 L k  k  1 1
2
Total energy, E  mr 2  2

  2
2 2mr 2 r
L kL
Also, r  r0 ek  r  kr0 ek   kr0 ek  2

mr mr
1 k 2 L2 L2 L2 k  k  1 1
E 0 m 2 2    2
2 mr 2mr 2 2 r
k 2 L2 L2 L k  k  1  m k L  L  mL k  k  1
2 2 2 2 2
r 
2
  
2m 2m 2 m 2m
Phone: 011‐26865455/+91‐9871145498
12
fiziks

L k  k  1
2
2m
V  2 2
2 L  k  1  mL2 k  k  1
mk  k  1
V
mk  k  1   k 2  1
IIT-JAM-2014
Q20. A spherical ball of ice has radius R0 and is rotating with an angular speed  about an
axis passing through its centre. At time t  0, it starts acquiring mass because the
moisture (at rest) around it starts to freeze on it uniformly. As a result its radius increases
as Rt   R0   t , where  is a constant. The curve which best describes its angular
speed with time is
 
(a) (b)
t t
(c)  (d) 
t t
Ans.: (b). I  t    t   constant
M  t  R  t   constant
constant 1
 t     t  
M  t   R0   t 
2
t2
Q21. The moment of inertia of a disc about one of its diameters is I M . The mass per unit area
of the disc is proportional to the distance from its centre. If the radius of the disc is R and
its mass is M , the value of I M is
1 2 3 3
(a) MR 2 (b) MR 2 (c) MR 2 (d) MR 2
2 5 10 5
Ans.: (c)
Phone: 011‐26865455/+91‐9871145498
13
fiziks

r 3M
Solution: Mass density is   cr , M   cr.rdrd  c 
0 2 R 3
R R c 2 R5 3
I z   r 2 dm   r 2cr.rdrd  put value of c I z  MR 2
0 0 5 5
3
From perpendicular axis theorem I z  I x  I y and I x  I y so I x  I y  I M  MR 2
10
Q22. Two points N and S are located in the northern and southern hemisphere, respectively,
on the same longitude. Projectiles P and Q are fired from N and S , respectively,
towards each other. Which of the following options is correct for the projectiles as they
approach the equator?
(a) Both P and Q will move towards the east
(b) Both P and Q will move towards the west
(c) P will move towards the east and Q towards the west
(d) P will move towards the west and Q towards the east
Ans.: (b)
Solution: Coriolis force
 
F  2 m    v 

   ẑ

For both particles V  Vr rˆ  Vz zˆ
So, F  2m  zˆ  vr rˆ   zˆ  vz zˆ   2m  vrˆ 
So both will move towards ˆ

Earth revolves from west to east. So the particle will move towards west.
Phone: 011‐26865455/+91‐9871145498
14
fiziks

Q23. Two particles A and B of mass m and one particle C of mass M are kept on the x axis
in the order ABC . Particle A is given a velocity viˆ. Consequently there are two
collisions, both of which are completely inelastic. If the net energy loss because of these
7
collisions is of the initial energy, the value of M is (ignore frictional losses)
8
(a) 8 m (b) 6 m (c) 4 m (d) 2 m
Ans.: (b)
Q24. What is the maximum height above the
A
dashed line attained by the water stream
coming out at B from a thin tube of the h
L B
water tank assembly shown in the figure? 
y0
Assume h  10 m, L  2 m and   30.
(a) 10 m (b) 2 m (c) 1.2 m (d) 3.2 m
Ans.: (d)
1 2
Solution: Velocity at the end of thin tube mgh  mv
2
Distance at the end of thin tube  10  L sin 300
h  9m
1 2
mg  9  mv  v  18 g
2
v 2 sin 2  18 10  1/ 4
h   2  25 m
2g 2 10
Height from the dashed line  2.25m  2sin 300  3.25 m
Phone: 011‐26865455/+91‐9871145498
15
fiziks

Q25. At an instant shown, three point masses m, 2m and 3 m, rest on a horizontal surface and
are at the vertices of an equilateral triangle
3m
of unit side length. Assuming that G is the
gravitational constant, the magnitude and
direction of the torque on the mass 3m ,
about the point O , at that instant is m 2m
O
3
(a) Zero (b) G 3m 2 , going into the paper
2
3
(c) 3G 3m 2 , coming out of the paper (d) G 3m 2 , going into the paper
4
Ans.: (d) Force on 3m mass

  
F  6Gm 2  sin 300  3Gm 2  sin 300 xˆ  6Gm 2 cos 300  3Gm 2 cos 300 yˆ 
 3 9 3
F  Gm 2 xˆ  Gm 2 yˆ
2 2
Radius vector for 3 m mass
 3
r  0 xˆ  yˆ
2
  3 3 3 3
 r f   Gm 2 yˆ  xˆ  0   Gm 2 zˆ .
2 2 4
Phone: 011‐26865455/+91‐9871145498
16
fiziks

IIT-JAM-2015
Q26. A mass m , lying on a horizontal, frictionless surface, is connected to one end of a spring.
The other end of the spring is connected to a wall, as shown in the figure. At t  0 , the
mass is given an impulse.
m Impulse
The time dependence of the displacement and the velocity of the mass (in terms of non-
zero constants A and B ) are given by
(a) xt   A sin t , vt   B cos t (b) xt   A sin t , vt   B sin t
(c) xt   A cos t , vt   B sin t (d) xt   A cos t , vt   B cos t
Ans.: (a)
Solution: At time t  0 , the mass ‘ m ’ is at rest. Thus, displacement will be zero at time t  0 .
 x  A sin t 
dx
Velocity is v   A cos t  B cos  t
dt
Thus, x  A sin  t and V  t   B cos t
Q27. A satellite moves around the earth in a circular orbit of radius R centered at the earth. A
second satellite moves in an elliptic orbit of major axis 8 R , with the earth at one of the
foci. If the former takes 1 day to complete a revolution, the latter would take
(a) 21.6 days (b) 8 days (c) 3 hours (d) 1.1 hour
Ans.: (a)
2
T   R 
3
  T2   8  T1  22 days
3/ 2
Solution:  1   
 T2   8 R 
Phone: 011‐26865455/+91‐9871145498
17
fiziks

Q28. An observer is located on a horizontal, circular turntable which rotates about a vertical
axis passing through its center, with a uniform angular speed of 2 rad/sec . A mass of
10 grams is sliding without friction on the turntable. At an instant when the mass is at a
distance of 8 cm from the axis it is observed to move towards the center with a speed of
6 cm / sec . The net force on the mass, as seen by the observer at that instant, is
(a) 0.0024 N (b) 0.0032 N (c) 0.004 N (d) 0.006 N
Ans.: (c)
Solution: Two forces will act on the particle
First coriolis force Fc  2m(  v)  240  105 N (in tangential direction)
Another force is centrifugal force Fr  m 2 r  320 105 N (in radial direction)
Total force F  Fc2  Fc2 r  0.04 N
Q29. Seven uniform disks, each of mass m and radius r , are inscribed
inside a regular hexagon as shown. The moment of inertia of this
system of seven disks, about an axis passing through the central disk
and perpendicular to the plane of the disks, is
7 2
(a) mr (b) 7mr 2
2
13 55
(c) mr2 (d) mr2
2 2
Ans.: (d)
mr 2  mr 2 2 mr 2 54mr 2 55mr 2
Solution: 6  4mr    
2  2  2 2 2
Phone: 011‐26865455/+91‐9871145498
18
fiziks

(MSQ)
Q30. A particle of mass m is moving in x  y plane. At any given time t , its position vector is

given by r  t   A cos t i  B sin t ˆj where A, B and  are constants with A  B .
Which of the following statements are true?

(a) Orbit of the particle is an ellipse
(b) Speed of the particle is constant
(c) At any given time t the particle experiences a force towards origin
(d) The angular momentum of the particle is m ABkˆ
Ans.: (a), (c) and (d)

Solution: (a) r  t   A cos  t iˆ  B sin  t ˆj  x  A cos t , y  B sin t
x y x2 y2
  cos t ,  sin t  2  2  1 (Ellipse)
A B A B

dr
(b)   A sin t iˆ  B cos t ˆj
dt

dr
Speed   A2 2 sin 2 t  B 2 2 cos 2 t . Speed is function of time, so not constant.
dt
2
dr 
(c) 2   A 2 cos t iˆ  B 2 sin t ˆj   2 r . Force act towards origin.
dt
 i ˆj kˆ
   
(d) L   r  p   m  A cos  t B sin  t 0  L  m ABk
  A sin  t B cos  t 0
Q31. A rod is hanging vertically from a pivot. A partic1e traveling in horizontal

direction, collides with the rod as shown in the figure. For the rod-particle
system, consider the linear momentum and the angular momentum about
the pivot .Which of the following statements are NOT true?
(a) Both linear momentum and angular momentum are conserved
(b) Linear momentum is conserved but angular momentum is not
(c) Linear momentum is not conserved but angular momentum is conserved
(d) Neither linear momentum nor annular momentum are conserved
Ans.: (b), (c) and (d)
Phone: 011‐26865455/+91‐9871145498
19
fiziks

(NAT)
Q32. A rod is moving with a speed of 0.8c in a direction at 60 o to its own length. The
percentage contraction in the length of the rod is………….
Ans.: 9
v2 1 l 3
Solution: lx  l0 x 1  2  l0 cos  1   0.8  lx  l0   0.6  0.3l0 and l y  l0 sin   0
2
c 2 2
2
 3l0  3
 0.3l0 
2
New length l      l0 0.09   0.916 l0
 2  4
% change in length
1  0.91 l0  100  0.09  100  9%
l0
Q33. A uniform disk of mass m and radius R rolls, without slipping, down a fixed plane
inclined at an angle 30 o to the horizontal. The linear acceleration of the disk (in m / sec 2 )
is………………
Ans.: 3.266
Solution: Equation of Motion mg sin   f  ma
Torque  fR  I 
I  a mR 2 
mg sin    ma ,    , I  
R  R 2 
g
a  3.266
3
Q34. A nozzle is in the shape of a truncated cone, as shown in the figure.
The area at the wide end is 25cm 2 and the narrow end has an area
of 1 cm 2 . Water enters the wider end at a rate of 500 gm / sec . The 50 cm
height of the nozzle is 50 cm and it is kept vertical with the wider

end at the bottom. The magnitude of the pressure difference in kPa
( 1 kPa  10 3 N / m 2 ) between the two ends of the nozzle is………….
Phone: 011‐26865455/+91‐9871145498
20
fiziks

Ans.: 17.5
Pt , Vt , At
Solution: According to Bernoulli’s equation
1 1
Pb   ghb  Vb2  Pt   ght  Vt 2
2 2
ht  hb  50 cm

 Pb  Pt   g  ht  hb    Vt 2  Vb2
1
2

Now given  AV
t t  500 gm / sec
Pb , Vb , Ab
500  103 kg / sec 500  103 kg / sec
 Vt  
  At 1000 kg / m3  104 m 2
 Vt  5 m / sec
According to equation of continuity
At 1 cm 2
t t  AbVb  Vb 
AV Vt  Vb   5 m / sec  0.2 m / sec
Ab 25 cm 2
1
 P  Pb  Pt  1000  10  50  10 2   1000  52   0.2 
2
2  
 P  5000  500  25  0.04   5000  12480  17480 N / m 2  P  17.5 kPa
Q35. A block of mass 2 kg is at rest on a horizontal table The coefficient of friction between
the block and the table is 0.1 . A horizontal force 3 N is applied to the block. The speed
of the block (in m / s ) after it has moved a distance 10 m is…………….
Ans.: 3.225
Solution: f r   N  0.1  2  10  2 N  m  2 kg
Applied force is more than friction
1 1
ma  F   N  3  2  1  a    0.5 m / s 2
m 2
 v  u 2  2as  v  2as  2  0.5 10  10  3.225 m / s
 u  0, s  10m
Phone: 011‐26865455/+91‐9871145498
21
fiziks

Q36. A homogeneous semi-circular plate of radius R  3m is shown in the figure. The
distance of the center of mass of the p1ate (in meter) from the point O is……….
0
Ans.: 1.3 3m
Solution: In problem R  3m
The area of the shaded part is  rdr . The area of the
r  dr
plate is  R 2 / 2 . As the plate is uniform, the mass per
r
R
M
unit area is . Hence the mass of the
 R2 / 2
semicircular element
M
dm  rdrd
 R2 / 2
The x - coordinate of the centre of mass is zero by symmetry.
The y coordinate of centre of mass
1  R
M
Y r sin  dm 1 2M

M   r sin   R
0 0
2
rdrd
R 
2
2 
 r 2 dr  sin  d 2 R3 4R
R 0   2   1.3
0
R 3
2
3
IIT-JAM-2016
Q37. A particle is moving in a plane with a constant radial velocity of 12 m / s and constant
angular velocity of 2 rad / s . When the particle is at a distance r  8 m from the origin,
the magnitude of the instantaneous velocity of the particle in m / s is
(a) 8 15 (b) 20 (c) 2 37 (d) 10
Ans.: (b)
Solution: vr  12 m / s v   r  2  8  16m / sec
v  vr2  v2  144  256  400  20m / sec
Phone: 011‐26865455/+91‐9871145498
22
fiziks

 x
Q38. A cylindrical rod of length L has a mass density distribution given by   x   0 1   ,
 L
where x is measured from one end of the rod and  0 is a constant of appropriate
dimensions. The centre of mass of the rod is
5 4 1 1
(a) L (b) L (c) L (d) L
9 9 9 2
Ans.: (a)
L L
L x L x2 x3 L2 L3 1 1
 xdm  x 0 1   dx  
 x  dx  L2   
Solution: xcm  0L  0L  0L  L   0 2 3L  2 3L   2 3 
 x L x2 L2  1
 dm   dx  0 1   dx  x  L  L 1  
0 0 0  L 0 2L 2L  2
5
L
6 5
 xcm   L
3 9
2
Q39. An incompressible, non-viscous fluid is injected into a conical pipe at
its orifice as schematically shown in the figure. The pressure at the  /4
x
orifice of area A0 is P0 . Neglecting the effect of gravity and assuming
streamline flow, which one of the following plots correctly predicts the
pressure along axis of the cone? X 0  P0 ; v0 
P P
(a) (b)
P0 P0
X0 X X0 X
(c) P (d) P
P0 P0
X0 X X 0 X
Ans. : (a)
Phone: 011‐26865455/+91‐9871145498
23
fiziks

Solution: The area cross-section at B is
 
2 Ax
Ax   r    x tan 
2
 4 A0
 /4
Ax   x 2 A B
A0 v0 A0 v0 Av
Velocity at B is A0 v0  Ax vx  vx    vx  0 20
Ax x 2
x O x0 x
 P0 , v0   Px , vx 
According to Bernauli equation,
1  A2 v 2 
 v0  Px   vx2  Px  P0    v02  vx2   P0    v02  02 04 
1 2 1 1
P0 
2 2 2 2   x 
1 2 A2 
Px  P0   v0 1  4 0 4 
2   x 
Graph (a) correctly represent the variation of Px w.r.t. x
Q40. A particle moves in a circular path in the xy - plane centered at the origin. If the speed of
the particle is constant, then its angular momentum
(a) about the origin is constant both in magnitude and direction
(b) about  0, 0,1 is constant in magnitude but not in direction
(c) about  0, 0,1 varies both in magnitude and direction
(d) about  0, 0,1 is constant in direction but not in magnitude
Ans.: (a) and (b)

Solution: Angular momentum will be constant in x  y plane
Phone: 011‐26865455/+91‐9871145498
24
fiziks

IIT-JAM 2017
Q41. Consider a uniform thin circular disk of radius R and mass M . A concentric square of
side R / 2 is cut out from the disk (see figure). What is the moment of inertia of the
resultant disk about an axis passing through the centre of the disk and perpendicular to it?
MR 2  1  MR 2  1 
(a) I  1  48  (b) I  1  48 
4   2  
R
MR 2  1  MR 2  1 
(c) I  1  24  (d) I  1  24 
4   2   R/2
Ans. : (b)
Solution: I  I disc  I square 

MR 2 M a  a

' 2

2

2 12
M R R M R
M'     and a 
 R 2 2 4
2
2
MR 2  1 
I 1  48 
2  
Q42. The linear mass density of a rod of length L varies from one end to the other as
 x2 
0 1   , where x is the distance from one end with tensions T1 and T2 in them (see
 L2 
figure), and 0 is a constant. The rod is suspended from a ceiling by two massless strings.
Then, which of the following statement(s) is (are) correct?
20 L
(a) The mass of the rod is
3
T1 T2
9L
(b) The centre of gravity of the rod is located at x 
16 0 L x
70 Lg
(c) The tension T1 in the left string is
12
30 Lg
(d) The tension T2 in the right string is
2
Ans. : (b), (c)
Phone: 011‐26865455/+91‐9871145498
25
fiziks

 x  4 L
L 2
Solution: The mass of rod is m   0 1  2  dx  0 so (a) is wrong
0  L  3
L
 x2 
0 0 1  L2  dx 9L
x
The centre of gravity of the rod is located at xcm  L 
 x2  16
0 0 1  L2 dx
40 Lg
Force equation T1  T2  and torque equation
3
9L  9L  9L 7L 9
T1   T2   L    T1   T2   T2  T1 
16  16  16 16 7
9 4 Lg
put value of T2  T1 in equation T1  T2  0
7 3
16 4 Lg 7 Lg
T1  0  T1  0
7 3 12
9 9 7 Lg 90 Lg
T2   T1   0 
7 7 12 12
Q43. An object of mass m with non-zero angular momentum  is moving under the influence
of gravitational force of a much larger mass (ignore drag). Which of the following
statement(s) is (are) correct?
(a) If the total energy of the system is negative, then the orbit is always circular
(b) The motion of m always occurs in a two-dimensional plane
(c) If the total energy of the system is 0 , then the orbit is a parabola
(d) If the area of the particle’s bound orbit is S , then its time period is 2mS / 
Ans. : (b), (c) and (d)
2 El 2
Solution: The eccentricity of curve e  1  where k  Gm1m2 and E is energy .
mk 2
If total energy is negative then orbit can be either elliptical or circular so (a) is wrong
In two body central force problem motion is confine in plane so (b) is correct
If the total energy of the system is 0 , then the orbit is a parabola one can calculate
e  1 so (c) is correct
Phone: 011‐26865455/+91‐9871145498
26
fiziks

dA l S l 2mS
From second law of thermodynamics    T  so (d) is correct
dt 2m T 2m l
Q44. A particle of mass m fixed in space is observed from a frame rotating about its z - axis
with angular speed  . The particle is in the frame’s xy plane at a distance R from its
 
origin. If the Coriolis and centrifugal forces on the particle are FCOR and FCFG ,
respectively, then (all the symbols have their standard meaning and refer to the rotating
frame),
   
(a) FCOR  FCFG  0 (b) FCOR  FCFG  m 2 Rrˆ
 
(c) FCOR  2m 2 Rrˆ (d) FCFG  m 2 Rrˆ
Ans. : (b), (c)
 
Solution: Fcorr  Fcentipetal  mr 2 Rrˆ
 
Fcor  2m   v  , v   r  2m 2 R
Q45. A particle of unit mass is moving in a one-dimensional potential V  x   x 2  x 4 . The
minimum mechanical energy (in the same units as V  x  ) above which the motion of the
particle cannot be bounded for any given initial condition is……………

(Specify your answer to two digits after the decimal point)
Ans. : 0.25
Solution: V  x   x 2  x 4
1
The potential is mimima at x  0 and maxima at x   fig
2
The value V  x   0 x  0
1
The value V  x   0.25 x  
2
minimum mechanical energy above which the motion of the particle cannot be bounded
is E f  .25
Phone: 011‐26865455/+91‐9871145498
27
fiziks

Q46. Sand falls on a conveyor belt at the rate of 1.5 kg / s . If the belt is moving with a constant
speed of 7 m / s , the power needed to keep the conveyor belt running is…………….
(Specify your answer in Watts to two digits after the decimal point)
Ans. : 73.4
1 
d  mv 2 
    1 .v 2 . dm  2 mv dv if v is constant dv  0
dW 2
Solution: P 
dt dt 2 dt 2 dt dt
1 dm 2 1
P1  . .v  1.5  49  36.7 watt
2 dt 2
1 2 v v
Work done due to friction W   mg .d , d at , v  at  t  
2 a g
2
1  v 
d  g  
2  g 
1  v   1 2
2
W   mg .   g    mv
2   g   2
 
1 dm 2 1
P2  . .v  1.5  49  36.7 watt
2 dt 2
P  P1  P2  36.7 watt  36.7 watt  73.4 watt.
Q47. In planar polar co-ordinates, an object’s position at time t is given
 
as  r ,    et m, 8 t rad . The magnitude of its acceleration in m / s 2 at t  0 (to the
nearest integer) is……………….

Ans. : 9
r   2 r  et  8  et at t  0 , 1  8  1  7 m / sec 2
Solution: ar  
a  r  2r  et  0  2et 8  2 8 a   7 2  4  8  49  32  81  9m / sec 2
Phone: 011‐26865455/+91‐9871145498
28
fiziks

Q48. At t  0 , a particle of mass m having velocity v0 starts moving through a liquid kept in a
 dx 
horizontal tube and experiences a drag force  Fd   k  . It covers a distance L before
 dt 
coming to rest. If the times taken to cover the distances L / 2 and L / 4 are t2 and t4
respectively, then the ratio t2 / t4 (ignoring gravity) is……….

(Specify your answer to two digits after the decimal point)
Ans. : 2.41
Solution: Using Newton’s second law we obtain
dx d 2x d 2x dx d 2 x k dx
k  m 2 m 2  k 0  2  0
dt dt dt dt dt m dt
The characteristic equation is
k  k k
2    0        0 ,   0 and   
m  m m
General solution:
k
 t
x  t   c1  c2 e m
(i)
Using the condition x  0 , we obtain

c1  c2  0 (ii)
k
k  t
v t    c2 e m (iii)
m
Using the condition v  0   v0
k m m
v0   c2  c2   v0 and c1  v0
m k k
mv0   t 
k
x t   1  e 
m
(iv)
k  
mv0  k   mk t k
 t
k
 t v
v t       e  v0 e  e 
m m
(v)
k  m v0
Phone: 011‐26865455/+91‐9871145498
29
fiziks

mv  v 
Using equations (iv) and (v), we obtain x  t   0 1   ,
k  v0 
mv0 mv
L 1  L  0
k k
From the question
L mv0  k
t2 
k
 t2 kL
 1  e m
  e m
 1 (vi)
2 k   2mv0
L mv0   t4 
k k
 t4 kL
 1  e m
  e m
 1 (vii)
4 k   4mv0
Taking Logarithm on both sides of equations (vi) and (vii)
k  kL  k  kL 
 t2  ln  1   and  t4  ln  1  
m  2mv0  m  4mv0 
 k mv0 
ln  1   
ln 1/ 2 
Thus, 2  
t 2mv0 k 
  2  41 .
t4  k mv0  ln  3 / 4 
ln  1   
 4mv0 k 
Phone: 011‐26865455/+91‐9871145498
30
fiziks

IIT-JAM 2018
Q49. There are three planets in circular orbits around a star at distances a, 4a and 9a ,
respectively. At time t  t0 , the star and the three planets are in a straight line. The period
of revolution of the closest planet is T . How long after t0 will they again be in the same
straight line?
(a) 8T (b) 27T (c) 216T (d) 512T
Ans. : (c)
Solution: T1  ka 3/ 2  T , T2  k  4a   8T , T3  k  9a   27T
3/ 2 3/ 2
Common time that all three star will meet again is t0  T1  T2  T3  216T , which is LCM
of all time period.
Q50. A disc of radius R1 having uniform surface density has a concentric hole of radius
R2  R1 . If its mass is M , the principal moments of inertia are
(a)

M R12  R22  , M R1
2
 R22  , M R 1
2
 R22 
2 4 4
(b)

M R12  R22  , M R1
2
 R22  , M R 1
2
 R22 
2 4 4
(c)

M R12  R22  , M R1
2
 R22  , M R 1
2
 R22 
2 4 8
(d)

M R12  R22  , M R1
2
 R22  , M R 1
2
 R22 
2 4 8
Ans. : (b)
R2
Solution: I zz   dm r 
M
R2

M R22  R12 

2
2 r.r dr I 2

R1  R22  R12  R1
ZZ
2
I xx  I yy  I zz
By symmetry I xx  I yy . Therefore, I xx  I yy 

M R22  R12 
4
Phone: 011‐26865455/+91‐9871145498
31
fiziks

Q51. A raindrop falls under gravity and captures water molecules from atmosphere. Its mass
charges at the rate  m  t  , where  is a positive constant and m  t  is the instantaneous
mass. Assume that acceleration due to gravity is constant and water molecules are at rest
with respect to earth before capture. Which of the following statements is correct?
(a) The speed of the raindrop increases linearly with time
(b) The speed of the raindrop increases exponentially with time
(c) The speed of the raindrop approaches a constant value when  t  1
(d) The speed of the raindrop approaches a constant value when  t  1
Ans.: (c)
Solution: Applying impulse momentum m equation.
mdv dm
mg  dt   m  dm  v  dv   mv  mg  v
dt dt
or, g 
dv
v
 dm   dv  g   v  0,   dm
dt mdt dt mdt
v t
dv
  dt at t  0, V  V0  ln  g   v   ln g   v0   t
g   v 0

v0
g  v g  g
  e  t  V    V0   e  t
g   v0   
g
As, t  1, e  t  0 , so V  (which is constant)

Q52. A particle P of mass m is constrained to move on the surface of cylinder under a force

 kr as shown in figure ( k is the positive constant). Which of the following statements is
correct? (Neglect friction.)
z
(a)Total energy of the particle is not conserved.
(b) The motion along z direction is simple harmonic.

P
(c) Angular momentum of the particle about O increases with time. r
O y
x
(d) Linear momentum of the particle is conserved.
Ans. : (b)
Phone: 011‐26865455/+91‐9871145498
32
fiziks

 
Solution: F   kr   k  rrˆ  zzˆ 
Fr   kr
F  0
Fz   kz  mz  kz the motion along z is simple harmonic motion.

(MSQ)
Q53. Two projectiles of identical mass are projected from the ground with same u u
initial angle   with respect to earth surface and same initial velocity  u 
 
in the same plane. They collide at the highest point of their trajectories and
stick to each other. Which of the following statements is (are) correct?
(a) The momentum of the combined object immediately after collision is zero.
(b) Kinetic energy is conserved in the collision
(c) The combined object moves vertically downward.
(d) The combined object moves in a parabolic path.
Ans. : (a), (c)
Solution: At the highest point there is only Horizontal velocity. In horizontal direction there is
not any External force. So momentum in the horizontal direction is conserved.
(c) After collision whole system will full under gravitation.
Q54. A particle of mass m is moving along the positive x direction under a potential
1 2 
V  x  kx  2 ( k and  are positive constants). If the particle is slightly displaced
2 2x
from its equilibrium position, it oscillates with an angular frequency   ______.
k
(Specify your answer in units of as an integer.)
m
Ans. : 2
kx 2 
Solution: V  x    2
2 2x
  
1/ 4
V
 kx  3  0  x 4      x0    
x x x x
Phone: 011‐26865455/+91‐9871145498
33
fiziks

 2V
 2V 3 x 2 x  x0 4k
 k  4  4k      2  2
x 2
x m m
1
Q55. A planet has average density same as that of the earth but it has only of the mass of the
8
Earth. If the acceleration due to gravity at the surface is g p and g e for the planet and
gp
Earth, respectively, then  ____________.
ge
(Specific your answer upto one digit after the decimal point.)
Ans. : 0.5
GM M
Solution: g  and 
R2 V
1/ 3
M M  M
V R   R  
3
    
M
g  g  M 1/ 3
M /  
2/3
1/ 3 1/ 3
gp  Mp   M  1 1
   e    0.5     0.5
ge  M e   8M e  2 2
Q56. A body of mass 1 kg is moving under a central force in an elliptic orbit with semi major
axis 1000 m and semi minor axis 100 m . The orbital angular momentum of the body is
100 kg m 2 s 1 . The time period of motion of the body is _________ hours.

(Specific your answer upto two digits after the decimal point)
Ans. : 1.74
dA L 2m
Solution:   T   ab 
dt 2m L
2 1 6280
 3.14 1000  100   6  28  1000   1 744 hr
100 3600
Phone: 011‐26865455/+91‐9871145498
34
fiziks

Q57. The moon moves around the earth in a circular orbit with a period of 27 days. The radius
of the earth  R  is 6.4 106 m and the acceleration due to gravity on the earth surface is
D
9.8 ms 2 . If D is the distance of the moon from the center of the earth, the value of
R
will be _________. (Specific your answer upto two digits after the decimal point)
Ans. : 59.6
GMm
Solution: For circular orbit m 2 D 
D2
GM GMT 2 R 2
D3  
2  2  R
2 2
GM T 2 2 gT 2 R 2 R
D3  R 
R 2 4 2 4 2
9.8  (27  24  60  60) 2

3
D gT 2
   
 R  4 R 4 2  6.4  106
2
1
D  5.34 1013  3
  2   59.5
R  4  6.4  106 
Q58. A syringe is used to exert 1.5 atmospheric pressure to release water horizontally. The
speed of water immediately after ejection is________ (take 1 atmospheric pressure  105
Pascal, density of water  103 kg m 3 ) (Specify your answer in ms 1 as an integer)
Ans: 10
Solution: Apply Bernoulli’s equation,
1 2 1
P1   v1   gh1   2  ev22   gh2 Syringe
2 2
V
h1  h2 , v1  0
1
P1  1.5 atm , P2  1 atm 2
2  P1  P2  2  1  5  0.5  105
 v2  
 1000
v2  10 m / s
Phone: 011‐26865455/+91‐9871145498
35
fiziks

Q59. A particle of mass m is moving in a circular orbit given by x  R cos t ; y  R sin t  ,
as observed in an inertial frame S1 . Another inertial frame S2 moves with uniform


velocity v   Riˆ with respect to S1. S1 and S2 are related by Galilean transformation,
such that the origins coincide at t  0 . The magnitude of the angular momentum of the
2
particle at t 


, as observed in S2 about its origin is expressed as mR 2 x . Then x 
is _______.
(Specify your answer upto two digits after the decimal point)
Ans. : 5.28
Solution: From S2 Frame

r '   x  vt  iˆ  yiˆ   R cos t  vt  iˆ  R sin tiˆ

 v   x  v  iˆ  yj
ˆ    R sin t  v  iˆ  R cos tjˆ
  
L  r   P  m  R cos t  vt  iˆ  R sin tiˆ     R sin t  v  iˆ  R cos tjˆ 

 m  R 2 cos 2 t  vtR cos t  R 2 sin 2 t  vR sin t kˆ 

 m R 2  tR cos t  vR sin t 
2  
at t  , L  m R 2 1  2   5.28m R 2  L  5.28 m R 2

Phone: 011‐26865455/+91‐9871145498
36

Mechanics and General Properties of Matter PDF

Enviado por

Dados do documento

Título original

Direitos autorais

Formatos disponíveis

Compartilhar este documento

Compartilhar ou incorporar documento

Opções de compartilhamento

Você considera este documento útil?

Este conteúdo é inapropriado?

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

Mechanics and General Properties of Matter PDF

Enviado por

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

fiziks

(a) MLQ 2 (b) ML2T 1Q 2 (c) LTQ 1 (d) LT 1Q 1

Solution: F  I  dl  B, B   F  I 0  MLT    0  0  MLQ 2

Which one of these is correct?

2m v towards his right

Solution: Velocity of center of mass is

Velocity of mass 2m with respect to center of mass before collision

( m0  2 gm, k  12 gm / s 3 and g  1000 cm / s 2 ), the velocity v of the drop after one

Put 2gm, k = 12 gm/s3 and g = 1000 cm/s2),and t  1

A particle of mass m is moving in a potential V  x  

(a) 2 0 (b) 2  0 (c) 4  0 (d) 4 2 0

So, p and q are correct choice.

Total energy, E  mr 2  2

Ans.: (b). I  t    t   constant

So, F  2m  zˆ  vr rˆ   zˆ  vz zˆ   2m  vrˆ 

So both will move towards ˆ

Height from the dashed line  2.25m  2sin 300  3.25 m

Another force is centrifugal force Fr  m 2 r  320 105 N (in radial direction)

Total force F  Fc2  Fc2 r  0.04 N

Which of the following statements are true?

Q31. A rod is hanging vertically from a pivot. A partic1e traveling in horizontal

of 1 cm 2 . Water enters the wider end at a rate of 500 gm / sec . The 50 cm

height of the nozzle is 50 cm and it is kept vertical with the wider

 P  5000  500  25  0.04   5000  12480  17480 N / m 2  P  17.5 kPa

v  vr2  v2  144  256  400  20m / sec

(c) about  0, 0,1 varies both in magnitude and direction

(d) about  0, 0,1 is constant in direction but not in magnitude

Ans.: (a) and (b)

Solution: I  I disc  I square 

Q45. A particle of unit mass is moving in a one-dimensional potential V  x   x 2  x 4 . The

particle cannot be bounded for any given initial condition is……………

Q47. In planar polar co-ordinates, an object’s position at time t is given

nearest integer) is……………….

a  r  2r  et  0  2et 8  2 8 a   7 2  4  8  49  32  81  9m / sec 2

respectively, then the ratio t2 / t4 (ignoring gravity) is……….

Using the condition x  0 , we obtain

Taking Logarithm on both sides of equations (vi) and (vii)

R2  R1 . If its mass is M , the principal moments of inertia are

(b) The motion along z direction is simple harmonic.

Fz   kz  mz  kz the motion along z is simple harmonic motion.

100 kg m 2 s 1 . The time period of motion of the body is _________ hours.

9.8  (27  24  60  60) 2

as observed in an inertial frame S1 . Another inertial frame S2 moves with uniform

Você também pode gostar