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OCT09Q2
The distance (/) and bearing (β) of a line RS were independently measured and recorded as
/ = 167.85m ± 0.07m
β = 55° 33' 26" ± 05"
The latitude (lat) and departure (dep) of the line can be determined from the following model
lat = l x Cos (β)
dep = l x Sin (β)
You are required to compute the standard deviation for the latitude and departure of line RS based on
LOPOV in matrix form. Determine and clearly show the values (in three decimal places) of: 25M
a) Partial derivative matrix A
b) Variance-covariance matrix of observations
c) Variance-covariance matrix of latitude and departure
d) Standard deviation for latitude and departure
ANSWER
Latitude = l Cos β
Departure = l Sin β
1. Differentiate,
= Cos β = Sin β
= - l Sin β = l Cos β
2. Calculate Matrix A
Cos β l Sin β Cos 55° 33 26" 167.85 Sin 55° 33 26"!
Matrix A = =
Sin β l Cos β Sin 55° 33 26" 167.85 Cos 55° 33 26"
0.566 138.424
=" &
0.825 94.933
AT =
Calculate Σy
()² ()β
=' , 2
(β) +-./-/01 ²
Σy
0.07² 0
=' 0" 2
0 +-./-/01 ²
Σy
T
ΣNE = A Σy A
Latitude = l Cos β
= 167.85 (Cos 55° 33' 26")
= 94.933 + √σN
= 94.933 + 0.045
Departure = l Sin β
= 167.85 (Sin 55° 33' 26")
= -138.424 + √Σe
= -138.424 + 0.055