GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:

1. This test booklet contains 100 test questions.

2. Read INSTRUCTIONS TO EXAMINEES printed on your answer sheet.
3. Shade only one (1) box for each question on your answer sheets. Two or more boxes shaded will invalidate
your answer.

INSTRUCTIONS:

1. Detach one (1) answer sheet from the bottom of your Examinee ID/Answer Sheet Set.
2. Write the subject title "PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PRINCIPLES” on the box provided.
3. Shade Set Box "A" on your answer sheet if your test booklet is Set A; Set Box "B" if your test booklet is Set B.

Physical and Chemical Principles

1. ______ is the conversion of molecular nitrogen into nitrogen compounds.
a. Nitrogen fixation
b. Denitrification
c. Nitrite reduction
d. Industrial fixation
2. Above the stratosphere, the concentration of ozone and other gases is low, and
the temperature decreases with increasing altitude
a. Troposphere
b. Stratosphere
c. mesosphere
d. ionosphere
3. The layer of the atmosphere that contains about 80 percent of the total mass of
air and practically all of the atmosphere’s water vapor.
a. Troposphere
b. Stratosphere
c. Mesosphere
d. ionosphere
4. A liquid is observed to boil at 120 degC under a pressure of 725 mm Hg. Its molar
heat of vaporization is 8200 cal/mol. Calculate the normal boiling point of the
liquid.
a. 121.76 degC
b. 120.80 degC
c. 118.16 degC
d. 112.54 degC
5. A process is said to be isentropic if and only if
a. the process is reversible
b. the process is adiabatic
c. the process is both adiabatic and reversible
d. the process is neither adiabatic nor reversible
6. Who discovered radioactivity?
a. Antoine-Henri Becquerel
b. Julian Smith
c. Ernest Rutherford
d. Pierre Curie
7. This international treaty was signed by most industrialized nations in 1987,
setting targets for cutbacks in CFC production and the complete elimination of
these substances by the year 2000.
a. Manila Accord
b. Cartagena Convention
Physical and Chemical Principles - Set B Page 2 of 11

c. Kyoto Protocol
d. Montreal Protocol
8. Extracting the metals often entails _________-that is, heating the metal sulfide
in air to form the metal oxide and sulfur dioxide.
a. Melting
b. Vulcanizing
c. Smelting
d. Mining
9. A curie corresponds to _______ disintegrations of radioactive nuclei per second
a. 3.70 x 10^7
b. 3.70 x 10^8
c. 3.70 x 10^9
d. 3.70 x 10^10
10. _______ is a rather disagreeable-smelling liquid used as a preservative for
laboratory specimens.
a. Acetaldehyde
b. Methanal
c. Methanol
d. Valeraldehyde
11. Reactions proceeds spontaneously at low temperatures. At high temperatures,
the reverse reaction becomes spontaneous.
a. + Δ H and + ΔS
b. - Δ H and – ΔS
c. - Δ H and + ΔS
d. + Δ H and – ΔS
12. Geometrically, ________ is the most symmetrical molecule known
a. Buckminsterfullerene
b. Fullerenes
c. Graphite
d. Buckytubes
13. What determines the degree of completeness of a reaction?
a. Catalyst
b. rate of reaction
c. intimacy of contact
d. equilibrium constant
14. Copper can exist in solution as Cu+ or Cu2+. Suppose a 1.0A current applied for
30 minutes produced 1.185 grams of solid Cu. What oxidation state is the copper
in the solution?
a. 2+
b. 1+
c. 0
d. Insufficient data
15. What substance does not have catalytic capability, but does increase the
effectiveness of a catalyst?
a. enzyme
b. mid
c. promoter
d. support
16. Who first proposed the atomic theory?
a. John Dalton
b. Julius Robert
c. Lord Kelvin
d. William Thomson
17. What theory states that equal volumes of different gases contain the same
number of molecules when compared under the same conditions.
a. Quantum Theory
b. Molecular Law
c. Kinetic Theory
Physical and Chemical Principles - Set B Page 3 of 11

d. Avogadro's Law
18. Who was the first person to notice the periodicity of the elements
a. Amadeo Avogadro
b. Dmitri Mendeleev
c. John Newlands
d. Alexandre-Émile Béguyer de Chancourtois
19. Who invented the X-ray?
a. Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen
b. Marie Curie
c. Pierre Curie
d. Ernest Rutherford
20. The Philippines’ “Father of Laboratory Science”
a. Anacleto del Rosario
b. Amando Kapauan
c. Jose Juliano
d. Alfredo Santos
21. This person’s theory proposed that electrons are arranged in shells, or
quantum levels, at a distance from the nucleus?
a. Rutherford
b. Newton
c. Bohr
d. Davis
22. What weight of sample in milligrams containing sodium carbonate must be used
so that ten times the volume of 0.2269 M HCl in mL will equal the % Na2CO3 in the
sample?
a. 240.514 mg
b. 300.6 mg
c. 60.3 mg
d. 120.257 mg
23. A base mixture sample weighing 976 mg was dissolved in sufficient water to
make 100 mL solution and divided into two equal portions. The first portion was
titrated with 52.05 mL of 0.1004M HCl to the methyl red end point. The other
portion was titrated with 23.02 mL of the acid to the phenolphthalein endpoint.
Calculate the % composition of sample.
a. 50.16% NaHCO3, 50.20% Na2CO3
b. 10.38% NaHCO3, 50.20% Na2CO3
c. 23.90% NaHCO3, 50.20% Na2CO3
d. 18.94% NaHCO3, 62.70% Na2CO3
24. What are chemical changes in organic substances caused by the action of
enzymes called?
a. Catalytic reaction
b. Oxidation
c. Enzymiphication
d. Fermentation
25. The Philippine Cornstarch Corporation prepares pharmaceutical glucose from
cornstarch by enzyme hydrolysis. It was observed that when the starch
concentration of the slurry was 5%, the rate of conversion of starch to glucose
was 0.04 kg/s. When the starch concentration was made 10%, the turnover rate was
0.07 kg/s. The maximum production level of glucose that can reasonably be
attained per shift of 8 hours is
a. 6084 kg
b. 8064 kg
c. 1008 kg
d. 0.28 kg
26. What compounds are formed by the reaction of acids and alcohols?
a. Ethers
b. Esters
c. aldols
Physical and Chemical Principles - Set B Page 4 of 11

d. bases
27. Who invented vulcanization for the rubber industry?
a. Charles Goodyear
b. Robert Michelin
c. James Firestone
d. Albert Brookstone
28. Who won the 1944 Nobel Prize in chemistry for his work in nuclear fission?
a. Fritz Straussmann
b. Otto Hahn
c. Joseph Lussac
d. Johann Glauber
29. Given Pb and 23884 U whose masses are 1.22 grams for lead and 1.175 grams for
uranium, if the half-life of the latter is 4.48x10^9 years and assuming that all
the lead comes from the decay of uranium, estimate how old is the earth?
a. 1.55x10^-10 years
b. 4.60x10^9 years
c. 1.175x10^9 years
d. 4.53x10^9 years
30. Mn metal is produced from ore containing 29.5% Mn(OH) 2, if 1 tonne (MT) of
metal is to be produced, how much ore is needed?
a. 5.486 metric tons
b. 1.618 metric tons
c. 0.477 metric tons
d. None of the choices
31. If 38.46 mL of KOH solution is required to titrate 22.68 mL of a 0.1088 N
H3PO4 solution, what is the normality of the KOH solution assuming complete
neutralization?
a. 0.16040 N
b. 0.09624 N
c. 0.06416 N
d. 0.12420 N
32. Calculate the theoretical oxygen demand (ThOD) of 150 ppm glucose.
a. 160 ppm
b. 116 ppm
c. 104 ppm
d. 137 ppm
33. Who invented the Carbon-14 dating method?
a. Irving Langmuir
b. Robert Perry
c. Otto Hahn
d. Williard Libby
34. Ionization energy increases in the periodic table
a. From left to right and bottom to top
b. From right to left and top to bottom
c. From right to left and bottom to top
d. From left to right and top to bottom
35. The protein in a 1.2846-gram sample of an oat cereal undergoes Kjeldahl
procedure. The sample is digested with sulfuric acid, the resulting made basic
with NaOH, and the NH3 distilled into 50 mL of 0.09552 HCl. The excess HCl is
then back titrated with 37.84 mL of 0.05992 M NaOH. Given that protein in grains
averages 17.54 wt % N, report the %w/w protein in the cereal sample.
a. 2.734%
b. 0.1579%
c. 15.58%
d. 13.23%
36. Daminozide, also known as Alar, is a plant growth regulator. What is its
chemical formula?
a. C6H12N2O3
Physical and Chemical Principles - Set B Page 5 of 11

b. C6H12O6
c. C12H22O11
d. CH4N2O
37. What is the ability of a solid substance to resist abrasion and surface
deformation called?
a. Hardness
b. Conductivity
c. Strength
d. tensile strength
38. Urea (CH4N2O) was synthesized from this compound, ending the theory of
vitalism.
a. ammonium nitrate
b. ammonium cyanate
c. carbamoyl phosphate
d. ammonium ion
39. A 0.8040-g sample of an iron ore is dissolved in acid. The iron is then
reduced to Fe+2 and titrated with 47.22 mL of 0.02242 M KMnO4 (158.04g/mol)
solution. Calculate the results of this analysis in terms of %Fe (55.847g/mol).
a. 22.06%
b. 36.77%
c. 14.71%
d. 44.12%
40. Calculate the pH of a buffer prepared by adding 10 mL of a 0.10 M acetic acid
to 20 mL of 0.10 M sodium acetate. (Ka = 1.75^-5)
a. 5.06
b. 4.46
c. 9.54
d. 6.02
41. What is the pH of an aqueous solution that is 14.0% HCl (36.46g/mol) by weight
and has a density of 1.054 g/mL?
a. -0.573
b. -0.507
c. -0.673
d. -0.607
42. What is the pH of the resulting solution made by mixing 25 mL of 0.1 M HCl and
15 mL of 0.1 M NaOH?
a. 1.40
b. 1.60
c. 1.00
d. 0.40
43. Isopropylbenzene, a constituent of crude oil and refined fuels is an organic
compound that is based on an aromatic hydrocarbon. What is its common name?
a. Benzyl alcohol
b. Cumene
c. Phenol
d. Xylene
44. Which of the following INCORRECTLY describes the use of EDTA?
a. EDTA is used in the analysis of blood. It is an anticoagulant for blood
samples for CBC/FBEs.
b. It is a masking agent to sequester metal ions that would interfere with
the analyses.
c. Intravenous EDTA is used to treat lead poisoning and brain damage
d. All choices are correct
45. The Zn in a 0.7556-gram sample of foot powder was titrated with 21.27 mL of
0.01645 M EDTA. Calculate the percent Zn (65.37g/mol) in this sample.
a. 2.87%
b. 2.95%
c. 3.03%
Physical and Chemical Principles - Set B Page 6 of 11

d. 3.18%
46. Calculate the pH of a 0.010 M solution of NaCN. (Ka = 7.2^-10)
a. 11.57 c. 12.57
b. 10.57 d. 9.57
47. Using the equilibrium constants given for reactions (1) and (2), what is the
equilibrium constant for reaction (3)?
(1) 2NO(g) + O2(g) → N2O4(g) Kp = 1.49 × 10^13
(2) 2NO(g) + O2(g) → 2NO2(g) Kp = 1.66 × 10^12
(3) N2O4(g) → 2NO2(g)
a. 0.0123
b. 0.111
c. 8.98
d. 80.3
48. Calculate the difference in calories between (delta)G and (delta)A at 25 degC
for the reaction: H2 (g, 1atm) + 1/2 O2 (g, 1 atm) -> H2O(l)
a. –256 cal
b. –888 cal
c. –904 cal
d. –1058 cal
49. A 0.01 molal solution of K3Fe(CN)6 freezes at –0.062 degC. What is its
apparent degree of dissociation?
a. 25.9%
b. 47.2%
c. 67.2%
d. 78%
50. How many grams of urea must be added to 4000 grams of water to make the
solution boil at 100.32 degC?
a. 75.3 grams
b. 150.5 grams
c. 185.4 grams
d. 205.6 grams
51. Air velocity is ______ in day than at night.
a. higher
b. lower
c. the same
d. insufficient data
52. DDT, a persistent organic pollutant, means
a. Diphenyldichlorotriphenylethane
b. dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane
c. Dichlorodiphenyldichlorobutane
d. Diphenyldichlorotriphenylbutane
53. What is the solubility in mol/L of BaF2 in 0.10M MgF2? Ksp for BaF2 = 1.7 ×
10^-6.
a. 1.7×10^-4 M
b. 1.7×10^-5 M
c. 4.3×10^-5 M
d. 8.5×10^-6 M
54. Which of the following would represent Lucas Reagents?
a. Cu(OH)2 in Na Citrate
b. Cu(SO4) in NaOH
c. HCl in ZnCl2
d. Pb(CH3COO)2 in NaOH
55. Oxidation of which of the following compounds can lead to an aldehyde?
a. primary alcohol
b. secondary alcohol
c. tertiary alcohol
d. ether
56. Fluids whose viscosity increases with time at constant shear rate
Physical and Chemical Principles - Set B Page 7 of 11

a. Inviscid
b. Rheopectic
c. Thixotrophic
d. Bingham plastic
57. How many isomers does pentane have?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
58. Hydrolysis of an ester leads to two compounds. Which of the following pairs
compounds is formed from such a hydrolysis?
a. An alcohol and an aldehyde
b. Two alcohols
c. An alcohol and a carboxylic acid
d. A ketone and a carboxylic acid
59. Which of the following compounds would you expect to be the most soluble in
water?
a. CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
b. CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2OH
c. CH3CH2CH2OH
d. CH3CH2CH2-O-CH2CH2CH3
60. When ice cubes melt in an isolated glass of water, the temperature of the
resulting mixture of water and ice
a. Increases
b. Decreases
c. stays constant
d. data insufficient
61. Which of the following is the best definition of the chemical nature of soap?
a. A soap is a very long molecule.
b. A soap is a long chain carboxylic acid.
c. A soap is an ester of glycerol and a long chain carboxylic acid.
d. A soap is a salt of a long chain carboxylic acid.
62. Which of the following gives the molarity of a 17.0% by mass solution of
sodium acetate (molar mass= 82.0 g/mol) in water, ρ of solution = 1.09 g/ml)
a. 2.26
b. 2.26 x 10-6
c. 0.207
d. 2.07
63. Which of the following amino acids has sulfur in the R group?
a. Serine
b. Cysteine
c. Asparagine
d. Tyrosine
64. What type of plastic material seems to best suit the use as a waste material
protection cover for the dumpsite area in a municipality?
a. polypropylene
b. polystyrene
c. high density polyethylene
d. low density polyethylene
65. What is the heat needed to raise 1 molecule of water by 10 deg C (in ergs)?
a. 1.3 x 10^-14
b. 2.5 x 10^-12
c. 2.6 x 10^-14
d. 1.3 x 10^-12
66. COD means
a. a kind of fish
b. call of duty
c. carbon-oxygen demand
Physical and Chemical Principles - Set B Page 8 of 11

d. chemical oxygen demand

67. Triglycerides which are solids or semisolids at room temperature are called:
a. Oil
b. Fat
c. Steroid
d. Cholesterol
68. An act to Control Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes providing
penalties for violation thereof
a. RA 8749
b. RA 9003
c. RA 9275
d. RA 6969
69. A power plant in Benguet is burning coal on a clear January morning at 8:00 am
with a wind speed of 2.6 meters/second measured at an elevation of 31 meters and
an inversion layer with its base founded at a height of 695 meters. The effective
height of the stack is 31 meters. Calculate the distance downward which the plume
released will reach the inversion layer and start to mix downward.
a. 5.82 km
b. 3.61 km
c. 2.11 km
d. 1.80 km
70. The difference between the actual property value of a solution and the value
it would have as an ideal solution at the same T and P and composition is called
a. Residual
b. Excess
c. Partial property
d. Gibbs free energy
71. A certain quantity of nitrogen gas collected over water at 20oC and at a total
pressure of 745 mm Hg has a volume of 200 mL. What will be the volume of the
nitrogen in a completely dry state at 780 mm Hg pressure and at 48oC. The vapor
pressure of water at 20oC is 17.54 mm Hg.
a. 211.45 mL
b. 209.27 mL
c. 206.75 mL
d. 204.34 mL
72. Hydration of alkynes yields
a. epoxide
b. ketone
c. alcohol
d. ether
73. The sequence of steps to produce o-nitrobenzoic acid from benzene is
(1) Friedel-Crafts Alkylation (2) Nitration (3) Oxidation
a. 123
b. 132
c. 213
d. 231
74. Berthelot's bomb calorimeter is used to determine
a. internal energy at constant temperature
b. internal energy at constant volume
c. entropy
d. internal energy at constant pressure
75. Each carbon in C60 or buckminsterfullerene is ____-hybridized
a. sp
b. sp1
c. sp2
d. sp3
76. The reaction for the decomposition of dinitrogen monoxide gas to form oxygen
radicals is: N2O(g)  N2(g) + O(g). If the rate constant is 3.04 x 10-2 s^-1 and
Physical and Chemical Principles - Set B Page 9 of 11

the frequency factor is 8.00x10^11 s^-1, what is the activation energy for the
first-order reaction at 700°C?
a. 0.262 kJ/mol
b. 38.2 kJ/mol
c. 250 kJ/mol
d. 180 kJ/mol
77. Which is not a benzene derivative?
a. Phenanthrene
b. Anthracene
c. Naphthalene
d. bromoethene
78. The phosphate in a 3000 mg sample of industrial detergent was precipitated by
the addition of 1 gram AgNO3. The solution was filtered and the filtrate required
18.23 mL of 0.1377 M KSCN. Calculate the percentage of phosphate in the
detergent. (MW AgNO3 = 169.87 g/mol; PO4–3 94.97 g/mol)
a. 3.56%
b. 7.12%
c. 5.35%
d. 10.69%
79. Which of the following types of precipitimetry is used as a direct method for
halide determination?
a. Mohr method
b. Volhard method
c. Fajans method
d. none of these
80. What is the symbol for the species composed of 75 protons and 110 neutrons?
a. 75/185Re
b. 75Re
c. 185
75𝑅𝑒
75
d. 110 𝑅𝑒
81. What statement states that all orbitals of a given degenerate set must be
singly occupied before pairing beings?
a. Bohr Theory
b. Aufbau Principle
c. Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
d. Hund’s Rule
82. Which of the following atoms has one unpaired electron in the ground state?
a. Fe
b. Al
c. Mg
d. As
83. Which of the following will have the strongest intermolecular forces?
a. H2S
b. CH3NH2
c. Cl2
d. NO
84. The following reaction is spontaneous only below 5000K. What conclusions can
be drawing regarding this reaction? A + B -> AB
a. ΔH is negative and ΔS is positive
b. ΔH is negative and ΔS is zero
c. ΔH is positive and ΔS is positive
d. ΔH is negative and ΔS is negative
85. Which of the following is a sulfur-containing amino acid?
a. methionine
b. leucine
c. valine
d. asparagine
Physical and Chemical Principles - Set B Page 10 of 11

86. Solar energy is generated by a ______ reaction.

a. Alpha emission
b. Beta emission
c. Fusion
d. Oxidation-reduction
87. Which of the following will increase the rigidity of a polymer?
a. Introducing the possibility of hydrogen bonding between chains.
b. Making chains more branched
c. Decreasing cross – linking
d. Shorter polymer chains
88. Ortho and para-orienting substituents enhance the rate of electrophilic
substitution reaction except in the case of:
a. Hydroxyl group
b. Phenyl group
c. lsopropyl group
d. Acetamide group
89. The conjugate base of H2PO4-1 is _______
a. HPO4-2
b. PO4-2
c. H3PO4
d. P2O5
90. The photoelectric emission from a surface starts only when the light incident
upon surface has a certain
a. minimum frequency
b. minimum wave length
c. minimum intensity
d. minimum speed
91. What is ΔU for the formation of 1 mole of CO at 1 atm and 25 degC?
C(graphite) + 0.5O2(g) -> CO(g) where ΔH = - 110.5 kJ/mol
a. -109.261 kJ mol-1
b. -111.74 kJ mol-1
c. -110.60 kJ mol-1
d. -110.39 kJ mol-1
92. A sample of tropical juice was found to have a pH of 3.0, while rainwater has
a pH of 6.0. Choose the correct comparison.
a. The juice has half the acidity of rainwater
b. Rainwater has half the acidity of juice.
c. The juice is 1000 times more acidic than rainwater.
d. The juice is 200 times acidic than rainwater.
93. Capillary action is ________
a. the rate of collisions for liquid molecules in a tube
b. the energy required to overcome the attractive forces between molecule
in the liquid state to form a gas.
c. the force required to expand the surface of a liquid.
d. The drawing of a liquid up the inside of a small-bore tube when adhesive
forces exceed cohesive forces.
94. On a warm sunny morning in Quezon City, 45 grams of sweat evaporated from the
skin of a girl jogger. How much heat is absorbed by the sweat? (ΔHvap=2.41 kJ/g)
a. 43400 J
b. 108500 J
c. 53.6 kJ
d. 115100 J
95. A term used to denote an imaginary parallelepiped, a fundamental region from
which the entire crystal may be constructed by purely translational
displacements.
a. Lattice point
b. Unit cell
c. Cubic cell
Physical and Chemical Principles - Set B Page 11 of 11

d. Molecular model
96. Balance the following chemical reaction. X = ____ ?
CH3OH + XO2  CO2 + H2O
a. 5/2
b. 6/2
c. 7/2
d. 3/2
97. Balance the following chemical reaction. X = ____ ?
C2H5OH + XO2  CO2 + H2O
a. 5/2
b. 3/2
c. 7/2
d. 6/2
98. A 0.992-g sample of canned tuna was analyzed by the Kjeldahl method; 22.66 mL
of 0.1224 M HCl were required to titrate the liberated ammonia. Calculate the
percentage of Nitrogen in the sample.
a. 11.74%
b. 7.83%
c. 3.91%
d. 0.28%
99. In the reaction, CO(g) + NO2(g) -> CO2(g) + NO(g), which of the following
changes would result in the formation of more products at equilibrium?
a. increasing the pressure
b. removing NO2 from the reaction
c. adding CO to the reaction
d. adding CO2 to the reaction
100. What is the formula of red lead, an amorphous pigment?
a. PbO2
b. PbO4
c. Pb3O4
d. Pb(CH3COO)2

Set B

SUBMIT THIS TEST BOOKLET TOGETHER WITH THE ANSWER SHEET TO YOUR ROOM
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**END**
 Chemical Engineering Reviewer: Physical and Chemical Principles
(Set B/Ver 5.0)
Answer Key:

(This is a partial answer key.)

1. A 35. C 69. _
2. C 36. A 70. B
3. A 37. A 71. _
4. _ 38. B 72. B
5. C 39. B 73. A
6. A 40. A 74. B
7. D 41. D 75. C
8. C 42. B 76. C
9. D 43. B 77. B
10. B 44. D? 78. _
11. B 45. _ 79. A
12. A 46. _ 80. C
13. D 47. B 81. D
14. B 48. B 82. B
15. C 49. A 83. B
16. A 50. _ 84. D
17. D 51. _ 85. A
18. D 52. _ 86. C
19. A 53. B 87. C?
20. A 54. C 88. _
21. C 55. C 89. A
22. _ 56. B 90. A
23. _ 57. B? 91. _
24. C 58. C? 92. C
25. B 59. C 93. D
26. B 60. C 94. B
27. A 61. C 95. B
28. B 62. D 96. D
29. B 63. B 97. D
30. A 64. C 98. C
31. _ 65. A 99. C
32. A 66. D 100. C
33. D 67. B
34. B 68. D

Use this answer key at your own risk. Do not distribute without permission.
Control No.: _ _ _ _
(Originally Prepared by: Kensor/Slyster)