Housing

Housing - Importance
 House – basic necessity of human beings, a substantial part of a mans
life-time is spent in the house.
 House is considered to be the smallest unit from where town
planning emerges.
 Therefore, success or failure of town planning scheme depends on
effective provision of housing for the population to be served.
 Economic importance – good source of revenue for Central, State and
Local governments.
 Good housing – better social life, community health.
Demand for Housing
 There are three particular constraints to the housing commodity
 Immobility – Housing is immobile. Development in transport and trade
has had little impact on housing problem.
 Initial Investment – heavy initial investment, causes a big problem to
many.
 Other Problems – factors such as transport, finance, taxation, building
industry, population, land policy etc. also affect housing.
Demand for Housing
 Demand for housing depends on the following factor
 Availability of cheaper finance
 Availability of skilled labour
 Availability of transport facilities
 Cost of labour and materials of construction
 Predictions of future demands
Demand for Housing
 Rate of return on investment e.g. low rates of interest with facilities of
long term repayment may facilitate investment in housing
 Rate of population growth and urbanization
 Supply of developed plots at reasonable prices
 Taxation policy on real estate
 Town planning and environmental conditions etc.
Requirements of Residential Buildings
 Height – height of building should be in proportion with the width of
road or street.
 Location – House should be located in such a way that it has freedom
from nuisances such as dust, noise, smoke and smell. It should be near
to the means of transport, markets, schools, hospitals etc.
 Orientation – the house should be suitably oriented wrt rain, sun and
wind.
 Parks – Houses should be located near to parks and playgrounds
Requirements of Residential Buildings
 Privacy – design of house should give maximum privacy to its users.
 Security – building should afford safety and security against fire and
theft.
 Space – floor space should be in proportion to the number of people
likely to use the building. Floor area per person – 4.65 m2.
 Utility Services – Utilities like electricity, water and drainage should
be provided with reasonable rates.
 Ventilation – Rooms should be fully ventilated.
Skyscrapers
 Advantages

 Gives pure and sunlight to its inhabitants, gives scenic view, relief from
noise.
 Permits more open space around the building which can be used for
providing swimming pool, tennis court etc.
 Reduces distance to be travelled to get to place of work.
 Curtails cost in laying out utilities like water supply, transport, electrification
etc.
 Saves land, Symbolizes economic growth, Enhances city skyline.
Skyscrapers
 Disadvantages

 Difficult to undertake vertical travel when the lift or elevator fails.

 No private open space / garden
 Deprives sunlight and air to nearby buildings.
 May cause obstruction to air traffic and micro-wave
micro transmission.
 Raises land prices, necessitates construction of more skyscrapers
 Dangerous in case of emergencies like fire or earthquake.
Development Plan or Master Plan
Development Plan or Master Plan
Development Plan in India
Objects of Development Plan
Objects of Development Plan
Necessity of Development Plan
Data to be Collected
Data to be Collected
Details in Drawings Made for Development Plan
Town Centre
Town Centre
Characteristics of Town Centre
Business Centre
Civic Centre
Light Shopping Centre
Town Planning Scheme
Town Planning Scheme
Town Planning Scheme
Contents of Scheme
Contents of Scheme
Flow Chart of
TP Scheme
Green Belt
Green Belt
 A green belt is a policy and land use designation used
in land use planning to retain areas of largely undeveloped,
wild, or agricultural land surrounding or neighbouring
urban areas.
 Limits growth of town by not allowing construction of
buildings on the periphery of towns.
towns
 Farm belt – word used when land on periphery is used for
farming
Green Belt - Purpose
 Protect natural or semi-natural
natural environments;
 Improve air quality within urban areas;
 Ensure that urban dwellers have access to countryside, with
consequent educational and recreational opportunities; and
 Protect the unique character of rural communities that might
otherwise be absorbed by expanding suburbs.
 Prevents spreading of towns.
 Can be developed as parks, playgrounds, farms, nursery, picnic spo
etc.
Land Use Planning
Land Use Planning
 Definition – planning of a region or a town according to use of
land.
 Governments use land-use planning to manage the
development of land within their jurisdictions. In doing so, the
governmental unit can plan for the needs of the community
while safeguarding natural resources.
resources
 Land-use planning often leads to land-use regulation, which
typically encompasses zoning.
Thank You