Horticulture

MINIPROJECT REPORT
Submitted by
Motaparthi Tejaswar
Reg: 17MB3164
Submitted To
Ms. M Sowmya B.E., M.B.A., PGDFT, (Ph.D)
Assistant Professor
Global Institute of Business Studies
Bangalore
2018

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List of Contents
CHAPTER TITLE PAGE NO
Abstract 3

1 Introduction About the Study 4

2 Research Methodology 8

2.1 Objective of the Study

2.2 Research design, Sample, Sources of Data

3 Analysis and Interpretation 9

4 Findings 11

5 Conclusion and Recommendations 12

Bibliography 12

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ABSTRACT
The horticulture sector encompasses a wide range of crops namely fruit crops, vegetables crops,
potato and tuber crops, ornamental crops, medicinal and aromatic crops, spices and plantation
crops. New introductions like mushroom, bamboo and bee keeping (for improving the crop
productivity) further expanded the scope of horticulture. While the first few Five Year Plans
assigned priority to achieving self-sufficiency in food grain production, over the years,
horticulture has emerged as an indispensable part of agriculture, offering a wide range of
choices to the farmers for crop diversification. It also provides ample opportunities for
sustaining large number of agro-industries which generate substantial employment
opportunities. The horticulture sector contributes around 28% of the GDP from about 13.08%
of the area and 37 % of the total exports of agricultural commodities. During the previous three
Plan periods, focused attention was given to horticultural research and development which
placed India as the second largest producer of fruits and vegetables, largest producer and
consumer of cashew nut, tea spices, third largest producer of coconut, fourth largest producer
and consumer of rubber and sixth largest producer of coffee in the world. Today, as a result
synergy between focused research, technological and policy initiatives, high efficiency inputs,
horticulture in India, has become a sustainable and viable venture for the small and marginal
farmers. Besides, the sector has also started attracting entrepreneurs for taking up horticulture
as a commercial venture. Therefore, there is a great scope for the horticulture industry to grow
and flourish. The growth of any enterprise on a national scale pre-supposes sound and
responsive infrastructure. During the past several years, the country has created infrastructural
facilities to the requirements of horticultural research, education and development in the
country in terms of setting up of Institutes, establishment of separate Departments of Fruits,
Vegetables, Floriculture in several State Agricultural Universities and carving out State
Departments of Horticulture from the erstwhile Agriculture Departments in many of the States.
About 10 per cent of the total budget of Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) and
30 per cent of the total budget of the Department of Agriculture & Cooperation (DAC) has
been earmarked for the horticulture sector during the X Plan. There is no doubt that the tempo
generated during the X Plan will not only be maintained but accelerated during the next plan
period to meet the aspirations of the farmers of the country besides providing the needed
nutritional security to the Indian population.

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1. Introduction about the study

The research study went on the Tamilnadu horticulture schemes weather it is available to very farmer
who are under cultivation of horticulture. Tamilnadu is the state where we are taking the border of the
state Karnataka and tamilnadu for our survey we had taken 2 villages which are near to the Bangalore
city where the farmer are mainly depend on the horticulture for their livelihood. Below are the schemes
provided by tamilnadu state government

STATE PLAN SCHEMES

1. Integrated Horticulture Development Scheme

2. Horticulture Training Centres

3. Integrated Tribal Development Programme

4. Western Ghats Development Programme

5. City Vegetable Development Scheme

6. Hill Area Development Programme

7. National Agricultural Insurance Scheme

8. Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme

9. National Agriculture Development Programme

INTEGRATED HORTICULTURE DEVELOPMENT SCHEME

OBJECTIVE:

To increase the area under Horticulture Crops

SCHEME COMPONENT

 Area Expansion of Vegetable (area is limited to 0.5 ha./Farmer)

 Area Expansion of Fruit (area is limited to 1.0 ha./Farmer)

 Area Expansion of Flower (area is limited to 0.5. ha./Farmer)

 Area Expansion of Spices (area is limited to 1.0 ha./Farmer)

SELECTION OF BENEFICIARIES

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  80% - General Farmers

 19% - SC Farmers

 1% - ST Farmers

SUBSIDY PATTERN

 50% Subsidy to Fruits, Vegetable, Flowers and Spices and Planting Materials

IMPLEMENTATION

The Scheme is implemented in 31 districts except Chennai

 During 2011-12 the scheme was implemented in 26583 ha. area has been covered with
a financial outlay of Rs.371.83 lakhs

 During 2012-13, it is proposed to cover 75000 ha. area with the financial outlay of
Rs.1925 lakhs.

HORTICULTURE TRAINING CENTRES

 Horticulture Training Centre, Madhavaram, Chennai.

 Central Horticulture Training Centre, Kudumianmalai, Pudukkottai District.

 Horticulture Training Centre, Thally, Krishnagiri District.

 HTC, Ooty, Nilgiris District

Training is imparted on latest technologies to the farmers and field level functionaries of the
Department of Horticulture and Plantation Crops.

During 2011-12, training was given to 6400 farmers at an expenditure of Rs.6.97 lakhs. During
2012 – 13, It is planned to train 6400 farmers / field level functionaries at an outlay of Rs.19.20
lakhs.

Schemes shared between Central and State Governments 1.1. National Horticulture Mission
(NHM): National Horticulture Mission is a flagship scheme of the Government of India, with
a sharing pattern of 85:15 between Centre and State. The scheme aims at holistic development
of horticulture with focus on expansion of area under high income generating horticulture
crops. This scheme is implemented on a mission mode from 2005-2006. This scheme is

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implemented in the 22 districts namely Ariyalur, Coimbatore, Cuddalore, Dharmapuri,
Dindigul, Erode, Kanyakumari, Krishnagiri, Madurai, Perambalur, Pudukottai,
Ramanathapuram, Salem, Sivagangai, Thanjavur, The Nilgiris, Theni, Tiruppur, Tirunelveli,
Trichy, Vellore and Villupuram. Components of the scheme include area expansion in high
value horticulture crops, production of planting materials, rejuvenation of old orchards, canopy
management, protected cultivation, organic farming, mechanization, post-harvest
management, creation of marketing infrastructure and human resource development. During
2011-2012, this scheme was implemented at an expenditure of 6572 lakhs covering 42096 Ha.
It is proposed to implement the scheme during 2012-2013 at an outlay of 15,000 lakhs to cover
50845 Ha.

National Mission on Micro Irrigation (NMMI) Tamil Nadu is a water stressed state. The
conventional methods of irrigation require more water that leads to wastage of water. The use
of Micro Irrigation systems like drip and sprinkler irrigation is the way for efficient use of
surface as well as ground water resources. For agricultural crops, the identification of
beneficiaries is done by the Agriculture department, and for Horticulture crops, by the
Horticulture department. For tree crops, the identification is done by the Agriculture
Engineering Department, and for sugarcane, the identification is done by Sugar Mills for the
registered growers. Under this scheme, 100% subsidy is given to small & marginal farmers and
75% subsidy to other category farmers for installation of drip/sprinkler systems for all
horticulture crops and agriculture crops like sugarcane, coconut, cotton, maize, groundnut and
pulses. The scheme is being implemented only through registered and empanelled Micro
Irrigation firms. In 2011-12, the scheme was implemented by TANHODA at an expenditure of
8,744 lakhs covering 27,550 Ha. The scheme is proposed to be implemented in the year 2012-
13 to cover 70,000 Ha. at an outlay of 41,000 Lakhs.

Schemes Fully Funded By Government of India 2.1 National Bamboo Mission (NBM) Bamboo
is preferred as a raw material in sectors like pulpwood, paper industries, housing, arts, craft,
etc., Bamboo has more than 1500 uses and is a fast growing species among plants. Its
usefulness as biomass for production of electricity is becoming prominent in recent years. To
increase the area and productivity, the National Bamboo Mission scheme was envisaged. This
scheme was implemented during 2011-12 to cover 250 Ha. at an expenditure of 40 lakhs and
during 2012-.13, it is proposed to cover 400 Ha at an outlay of 70 lakhs.

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National Mission on Medicinal Plants (NMMP) with the objective of satisfying the ever
increasing demand for herbal products, a Centrally Sponsored Scheme on National Mission on
Medicinal Plants is being implemented. In 2011-12, the scheme was implemented in 3774 Ha
at an expenditure of 918 lakhs. In 2012-2013, it is proposed to cover 5000 Ha. At an outlay of
1200 lakhs.

State Horticulture Farms (SHF) There are 49 State Horticulture Farms in Tamil Nadu under
the control of TANHODA. The objective of State Horticulture Farms is to produce quality
pedigree planting materials for the major crops like mango, amla, sapota, guava, and jack and
other fruit crops, ornamental plants, cash crops like cashew, coffee and others. The farms also
serve as model demonstration farms to the local growers. The botanical parks and gardens serve
as study centres for students and attract large number of tourists. During 2011-12, a production
target of 170.45 lakh numbers was fixed for the farms and it was entirely achieved. The target
proposed for 2012-13 is 178.00 lakh numbers.

Tamil Nadu Irrigated Agriculture Modernization and Water Bodies Restoration and
Management Project – Horticulture (TN - IAMWARM PROJECT) TN IAMWARM project is
an externally aided project and the total project outlay for Horticulture department is 72.765
lakhs. The objective of the project is to bring crop diversification and area expansion with high
value horticultural crops, in 61 sub basins of Tamil Nadu. In the first Phase in 2007-08, the
project was implemented in 9 sub-basins viz., Varahanadhi, Upper Vellar, South Vellar,
Pambar, Manimuthar, Kottakkaraiyar, Arjunanadhi, Palar and Aliyar. In the second Phase, the
project was extended to another 16 sub-basins during 2008-09 viz., Pennaiyar (upto
Krishnagiri), Swethanadhi, Anaivari Odai, Chinnar, Agniar, Ambuliyar, Upper Vaigai,
Varattar-Nagalar, Upper Gundar, Therkar, Senkottaiyar, Sindapalli-Uppodai, Nishabanadhi,
Kalingalar, Poiney and Koundinyanadhi. In the third Phase, the project was extended to 30 sub
basins viz, Araniyar, Kosasthalaiyar, Ongur, Nallavur, Thurinjalar, Pambar to Thirukoilur,
Gadilam, Markandanadhi, Kambainallur, Pambanar-Verattar, Gomukinadhi, Theniar,
Girdhamal, Kanal Odai, Lower Gundar, Vembar, Uthirakosamangai, Palar, Sevalaperiar,
Deviar, Nagariar, Vallampatti, Uppathur, Kovilar, Uppodai, Salikulamaru, Korampallam,
Karumeniyar, Vaipar and Hannumannadhi for implementation during 2010-11. In the fourth
Phase, the project was extended to 5 sub basins viz, Adayar, Cooum, Cheyyar- Kiliyar,
Paralaiyar and Kayalkudiar for implementation during 2011-12.

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TAMIL NADU HORTICULTURE DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (TANHODA) Tamil Nadu
Horticulture Development Agency was registered as a society under the Tamil Nadu Societies
Registration Act 1975, in 2004 as a “Special Purpose Vehicle” for implementing various
Horticulture Schemes funded by the Government of India and shared schemes. The following
schemes are being implemented through TANHODA.

2. Research methodology

2.1 Objective of the study

The research study went on the Tamilnadu horticulture schemes weather it is available to very
farmer who are under cultivation of horticulture. Tamilnadu is the state where we are taking
the border of the state Karnataka and tamilnadu for our survey we had taken 2 villages which
are near to the Bangalore city where the farmer are mainly depend on the horticulture for their
livelihood. I am study I want to know wither the farmers are getting the benefits or not.

2.2 Research design, sample, and source of the data

The present study is made to analyse the tamilnadu horticulture schemes towards the farmers.
It also aims to analyse the extent of satisfaction of farmers with the present schemes and what
all assistance that they are getting form the department. Questionnaire have been entrusted to
40 respondents for data collection and it is successful in collection of data.

Research methodology is purely and simply basic frame work for a study that guiders the
collection of data and analysis of the data. In survey adopted this description research design
in collection and analysing of the data.

Methodology

The primary data have collected for the research work. A presented questionnaire was
administered to the respondents with direct questions. The answer given by the respondents
were recorded and used for analysis purpose.

Sample size

The sample respondent was random basis. The sample size was 40 people through the
questionnaire method.

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Tools used for Analysis:

Data analysis tools is simple average.

3. Analysis and Interpretation

Type of crop

According to my data, where I had taken about 40 samples in that 57.5% are cultivating flowers
, 30% are cultivating vegetables and only 12.5% farmer are cultivating Fruits. In my data
majority of the respondents come under cultivation of flowers 57.5%.

Investment

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According to my survey most of the farmer are investing about ₹. 45 k to - ₹. 1L and most in
this farmers are cultivating flowers and vegetables which is by 59%, from ₹. 30 k - ₹. 45 k are
mostly into cultivation of Vegetables which is by 33.3% and the remaining are the farmer who
has invested about 16 L and 22L for the construction of green houses for the production of
Carnation type of flowers. From this analysis I came to know that 59% of investment is done
by farmers who has about a hector of land to harvest and in same the farmers who are
cultivating with hue investments had taken bank loan for the development and they are getting
some benefits from the government.

Harvesting period

In my survey the presence of horticulture in this area is from more than 30 years, farmers in
this area are cultivating flowers as the climate of this area also support it. The data given by
the elder farmers in this area are clearly stating that they have been in this practice since long
and where by data also shows that 27.5% know about this fact, 30% of are later changed their
routine cultivation into horticulture i.e., they fall under 7 years - 10 years and later on another
30% changed and they will fall under 5 years - 7 years and finally some of the farmers started
greenhouses which fall under 1 year - 5 years.

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Subsidy

In my study most of the farmers come under small and medium level and their level investments
are also low so they are not getting any subsidy from the government and even they did not
about the schemes where they can get some benefits from the government and it is 61.5%, 25%
of sample farmers are getting benefits amounts to 12.8%, and farmers who are getting 50% are
the owners of greenhouses.

4. FINDINGS

 Farmers in this area are not well educated about all the process and techniques and
major trends in horticulture.
 They are much adopted to use traditional way only to cultivate the crop and as change
is going on they are now trending to construct the greenhouses.
 They do not know the benefits of the insuring the crop.
 As the financial conditions of the farmers are not good so, the government is helping
them by giving some subsidies.
 But government is concentrating on farmers who are having above 2 hectors of land.
 The farmers in this area are clearly stating that if we have less land government is not
helping us.
 Government is giving 50% of subsidy for the construction of greenhouses.
 Greenhouse farmers are getting more income when they are compared to other farmer.
 Farmers here are producing all organic products.
 They are actually getting benefited by cultivating organic products.

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  Farmers who are in cultivation of flowers and owners of greenhouses are getting income
overall year.
 Some of the farmer had got trained under horticulture department.
 Some of the crops like carnation type flowers and roses plantation are done once for 3
years.
 Rose plants will be supplied by the horticulture department.
 Farmers are getting subsidy on pesticides and insecticides under agriculture scheme.
 Horticulture department is directly installing the Dip type irrigation in this area.
 Water sprinkler are also given to the farmer at free of coast.

5. Conclusion and Recommendations

With the above survey I conclude that most of the horticulture is the best of income for
any type of farmer but to afford that it will become a burden in the context of
investment. With this project I came to know the best practices in the field of
horticulture and techniques used by the farmer to improve the yield with the help of
government assistance in all forms. Some of the recommendations are:

 Farmers not getting trained with the new techniques available in the market, so to
change this government has to take initiation to provide education in terms of
horticulture yielding techniques by reaching them.
 Government has to take care of small and medium level of farmers by giving more
benefits to them.
 Green houses are to be more constructed to attain high number of exports from this
areas.

Bibliography
www.wikipedia.org http://tnhorticulture.tn.gov.in
www.tanhoda.com

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