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Kuis 2

1. It would be hard to cite a development that has had more impact on American industry than the
Bessemer process of making steel. It made possible the production of low-cost steel and established the
foundation of the modern steel industry. In many ways it was responsible for the rapid industrialization of
the United States that took place in the formative period of the late 1800's.

The first Bessemer plant in the United States was built in Wyandotte, Michigan, in 1864, near the end of the Civil
War. It was capable of producing only 2 tons of steel ingots at a time. The ingots were rolled into rails-the first steel
rails made in the United States. Acceptance of the process was initially slow. By 1870, the annual output of
Bessemer steel was a mere 42 thousand tons. Production grew rapidly after about 1875, rising to 1.2 million tons in
1880, when it exceeded that of wrought iron for the first time.

The rise of the US. steel industry in the last quarter of the 19th century was brought about largely by the demand
for Bessemer steel rails for the nation's burgeoning rail network. Steel rails were far more durable than those made
of iron. Spurred by this demand, the us. steel industry became the largest in the world in 1886, when it surpassed
that of Great Britain.

The Bessemer Process was the chief method of making steel until 1907, when it was overtaken by the open-hearth
process. By the 1950's, the Bessemer Process accounted for less than 3% of the total U.S. production.

According to the passage, the Bessemer process contributed to all of the following EXCEPT

Select one:
a. lowered costs for steel
b. the manufacture of weapons during the Civil War
c. the establishment of the modern steel industry in the United States
d. industrial development in the United States during an important period
Feedback
Your answer is incorrect.
The correct answer is: b

2. The first scientific attempt at coaxing moisture from a cloud was in 1946, when a scientist Vincent Schaefer
dropped 3 pounds of dry ice from an airplane into a cloud and, to his delight, produced snow. The success
of the experiment was modest, but it spawned optimism among farmers and ranchers around the country.
It seemed to them that science had finally triumphed over weather.

Unfortunately, it didn’t work out that way. Although there were many cloud-seeding operations during the late
1940s and the 1950s, no one could say whether they had any effect on precipitation. Cloud seeding or weather
modification as it came to be called, was clearly more complicated than had been thought. It was not until the early
1970s that enough experiments had been done to understand the processes involved. What these studies indicated
was that only certain types of clouds are amenable to seeding. One of the most responsive is the winter orographic
cloud, formed when air currents encounter a mountain slope and rise. If the temperature in such a cloud is right,
seeding can increase snow yield by 10 to 20 percent.

There are two major methods of weather modification. In one method, silver iodide is burned in propane-fired
ground generators. The smoke rises into the clouds where the tiny silver-iodide particles act as nuclei for the
formation of ice crystals. The alternate system uses airplanes to deliver dry-ice pellets. Dry ice does not provide ice-
forming nuclei. Instead, it lowers the temperature near the water droplets in the clouds so that they freeze
instantly – a process called spontaneous nucleation. Seeding from aircraft is more efficient but also more
expensive.

About 75 percent of all weather modification in the United States takes place in the Western states. With the
population of the West growing rapidly, few regions of the world require more water. About 85 percent of the
water in the rivers of the West comes from melted snow. As one expert put it, the water problems of the future
may make the energy problems of the 70s seem like child’s play to solve. That’s why the U.S. Bureau of
Reclamation, along with state governments, municipal water districts, and private interests such as ski areas and
agricultural cooperatives, is putting increased effort into cloud-seeding efforts. Without consistent and heavy
snowfalls in the Rockies and Sierra, the West would literally dry up. The most intensive efforts to produce
precipitation was during the West’s disastrous snow drought of 1976 – 77. It is impossible to judge the efficiency of
weather modification based on each crash program, but most experts think that such hurry-up programs are not
very effective.

The word "spawned" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to

Select one:c
a. preceded
b. intensified
c. created
d. reduced

3. Although both Luther Burbank and George Washington Carver drastically changed American agriculture
and were close friends besides, their methods of working could hardly have been more dissimilar.
 Burbank’s formal education ended with high school, but he was inspired by the works of Charles Darwin.
In 1872, on his farm near Lunenberg, Massachusetts, he produced his first “plant creation” – a superior
potato developed from the Early Rose variety. It still bears his name. After moving to Santa Rosa,
California, in 1875, Burbank created a stream of creations, earning the nickname “the plant wizard.” He
developed new varieties of fruits, vegetables, flowers, and other plants, many of which are still
economically important. He began his work some thirty years before rediscovery of Gregor Mendel’s work
on heredity, and while he did not participate in the developing science of plant genetics, his work opened
the country’s eyes to the productive possibilities of plant breeding. However, the value of his contributions
was diminished by his methods. He relied on his keen memory and powers of observation and kept
records only for his own use. He thus thwarted attempts by scientists to study his achievements.

Carver, on the other hand, was a careful researcher who took thorough notes. Born a slave, he attended high
school in Kansas, Simpson College in Iowa, and Iowa State College, which awarded him a master’s degree. When
the eminent black educator Booker T. Washington offered him a position at Tuskegee Institute of Alabama, he
accepted. While Burbank concentrated on developing new plants, Carver found new uses for existing ones. He
produced hundreds of synthetic products made from the soybean, the sweet potato, and especially the peanut,
helping to free Southern agriculture from the tyranny of cotton.

What is the author’s main purpose in writing the passage?

Select one:
a. To contrast the careers and methods of two scientists
b. To explain how Charles Darwin inspired both Carver and Burbank
c. To compare the products created by two agricultural scientists
d. To demonstrate how Carver and Burbank influenced American agriculture
Feedback
Your answer is incorrect.
The correct answer is: a

4. The time when humans crossed the Arctic land bridge from Siberia to Alaska seems remote to us today,
but actually represents a late stage in the prehistory of humans, an era when polished stone implements
and bows and arrows were already being used, and dogs had already been domesticated.

When these early migrants arrived in North America, they found the woods and plains dominated by three types of
American mammoths. These elephants were distinguished from today's elephants mainly by their thick, shaggy
coats and their huge, upward-curving tusks. They had arrived on the continent hundreds of thousands of years
before their human followers. The wooly mammoth in the North, the Columbian mammoth in middle North
America and the imperial mammoth of the South, together with their distant cousins the mastodons, dominated
the land. Here, as in the Old World, there is evidence that humans hunted these elephants, as shown by the
numerous spear points found with mammoth remains.

Then, at the end of the Ice Age, when the last glaciers had retreated, there was a relatively sudden and widespread
extinction of elephants. In the New World, both mammoths and mastodons disappeared. In the Old World, only
Indian and African elephants survived.
Why did the huge, seemingly successful mammoths disappear? Were humans connected with their extinction?
Perhaps, but at that time, although they were cunning hunters, humans were still widely scattered and not very
numerous. It is difficult to see how they could have prevailed over the mammoth to such an extent.

The word "implements" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to

A
Select one:
a. tools
b. ornaments
c. houses
d. carvings

5. Although both Luther Burbank and George Washington Carver drastically changed American agriculture
and were close friends besides, their methods of working could hardly have been more dissimilar.
Burbank’s formal education ended with high school, but he was inspired by the works of Charles Darwin.
In 1872, on his farm near Lunenberg, Massachusetts, he produced his first “plant creation” – a superior
potato developed from the Early Rose variety. It still bears his name. After moving to Santa Rosa,
California, in 1875, Burbank created a stream of creations, earning the nickname “the plant wizard.” He
developed new varieties of fruits, vegetables, flowers, and other plants, many of which are still
economically important. He began his work some thirty years before rediscovery of Gregor Mendel’s work
on heredity, and while he did not participate in the developing science of plant genetics, his work opened
the country’s eyes to the productive possibilities of plant breeding. However, the value of his contributions
was diminished by his methods. He relied on his keen memory and powers of observation and kept
records only for his own use. He thus thwarted attempts by scientists to study his achievements.

Carver, on the other hand, was a careful researcher who took thorough notes. Born a slave, he attended high
school in Kansas, Simpson College in Iowa, and Iowa State College, which awarded him a master’s degree. When
the eminent black educator Booker T. Washington offered him a position at Tuskegee Institute of Alabama, he
accepted. While Burbank concentrated on developing new plants, Carver found new uses for existing ones. He
produced hundreds of synthetic products made from the soybean, the sweet potato, and especially the peanut,
helping to free Southern agriculture from the tyranny of cotton.

It can be inferred that Burbank’s first “plant creation” is known as the

B
Select one:
a. Lunenberg potato
b. Burbank potato
c. Wizard potato
d. Early Rose potato

kuis 3.
 1. Lighthouses are towers with strong lights that help mariners plot their position, inform them that land is
near, and warn them of dangerous rocks and reefs. They are placed at prominent points on the coast and
on islands, reefs, and sandbars.

Every lighthouse has a distinctive pattern of light known as its characteristic. There are five basic characteristics:
fixed, flashing, occulting, group flashing, and group occulting. A fixed signal is a steady beam. A flashing signal has
periods of darkness longer than periods of light, while an occulting signal’s periods of light are longer. A group-
flashing light gives off two or more flashes at regular intervals, and a group-occulting signal consists of a fixed light
with two or more periods of darkness at regular intervals. Some lighthouses use lights of different colors as well,
and today, most lighthouses are also equipped with radio beacons. The three types of apparatus used to produce
the signals are the catoptric, in which metal is used to reflect the light; the dioptric, in which glass is used; and the
catadioptric, in which both glass and metal are used.

In the daytime, lighthouses can usually be identified by their structure alone. The most typical structure is a tower
tapering at the top, but some, such as the Bastion Lighthouse on the Saint Lawrence River, are shaped like
pyramids, and others, such as the Race Rock Light, look like wooden houses sitting on high platforms. Still others,
such as the American Shoal Lighthouse off the Florida Coast, are skeletal towers of steel. Where lighthouses might
be confused in daylight, they can be distinguished by day-marker patterns – designs of checks and stripes painted in
vivid colors on lighthouse walls.

In the past, the job of lighthouse keeper was lonely and difficult, if somewhat romantic. Lighthouse keepers put in
hours of tedious work maintaining the lights. Today, lighthouses are almost entirely automated with humans
supplying only occasional maintenance. Because of improvements in navigational technology, the importance of
lighthouses has diminished. There are only about 340 functioning lighthouses in existence in the United States
today, compared to about 1,500 in 1900, and there are only about 1,400 functioning lighthouses outside the United
States. Some decommissioned lighthouses have been preserved as historical monuments.

According to the passage, catoptric apparatus is one that uses

Select one:
a. glass
b. metal
c. lights of various colors
d. a radio beacon
Feedback
Your answer is incorrect.
The correct answer is: metal

2. Sea otters dwell in the North Pacific. They are the largest of the mustelids, a group which also includes
freshwater otters, weasels, and badgers. They are from four to five feet long, and most weigh from 60 to
85 pounds. Large males may weigh 100 pounds or more.

Unlike most marine mammals, such as seals or dolphins, sea otters lack a layer of blubber, and therefore have to
eat up to 30% of their body weight a day in clams, crabs, fish, octopus, squids, and other delicacies to maintain
body heat. Their voracious appetites do not create food shortages, though, because they are picky eaters, each
animal preferring only a few food types. Thus no single type of food source is exhausted. Sea otters play an
important environmental role by protecting forests of seaweed called kelp, which provide shelter and nutrients for
many species. Certain sea otters feast on invertebrates like sea urchins and abalones that destroy kelp.

Sea otters eat and sleep while floating on their backs, often on masses of kelp. They seldom come on shore. Sea
otters keep warm by means of their luxuriant double-layered fur, the densest among animals. The soft outer fur
forms a protective cover that keeps the fine underfur dry. One square inch of underfur contains up to 1 million
hairs. Unfortunately, this essential feature almost led to their extinction, as commercial fur hunters drastically
reduced their numbers.

Under government protection, the sea otter population has recovered. While elated by the otters return, scientists
are concerned about the California sea otter population growth of 5% a year, lagging behind the 18% a year rate
among Alaska otters. Sea otters are extremely sensitive to pollution. In 1989 up to 5,000 sea otters perished when
the Exxon Valdez spilled oil in Prince William Sound, Alaska.

What does the passage mainly discuss?

Select one:
a. Marine mammals
b. Dolphins
c. Sea otters
d. Seals
Feedback
Your answer is correct.
The correct answer is: Sea otters

3. Lighthouses are towers with strong lights that help mariners plot their position, inform them that land is
near, and warn them of dangerous rocks and reefs. They are placed at prominent points on the coast and
on islands, reefs, and sandbars.

Every lighthouse has a distinctive pattern of light known as its characteristic. There are five basic characteristics:
fixed, flashing, occulting, group flashing, and group occulting. A fixed signal is a steady beam. A flashing signal has
periods of darkness longer than periods of light, while an occulting signal’s periods of light are longer. A group-
flashing light gives off two or more flashes at regular intervals, and a group-occulting signal consists of a fixed light
with two or more periods of darkness at regular intervals. Some lighthouses use lights of different colors as well,
and today, most lighthouses are also equipped with radio beacons. The three types of apparatus used to produce
the signals are the catoptric, in which metal is used to reflect the light; the dioptric, in which glass is used; and the
catadioptric, in which both glass and metal are used.

In the daytime, lighthouses can usually be identified by their structure alone. The most typical structure is a tower
tapering at the top, but some, such as the Bastion Lighthouse on the Saint Lawrence River, are shaped like
pyramids, and others, such as the Race Rock Light, look like wooden houses sitting on high platforms. Still others,
such as the American Shoal Lighthouse off the Florida Coast, are skeletal towers of steel. Where lighthouses might
be confused in daylight, they can be distinguished by day-marker patterns – designs of checks and stripes painted in
vivid colors on lighthouse walls.

In the past, the job of lighthouse keeper was lonely and difficult, if somewhat romantic. Lighthouse keepers put in
hours of tedious work maintaining the lights. Today, lighthouses are almost entirely automated with humans
supplying only occasional maintenance. Because of improvements in navigational technology, the importance of
lighthouses has diminished. There are only about 340 functioning lighthouses in existence in the United States
today, compared to about 1,500 in 1900, and there are only about 1,400 functioning lighthouses outside the United
States. Some decommissioned lighthouses have been preserved as historical monuments.

There is information in the fourth paragraph to support which of these statements?

Select one:
a. There are more functioning lighthouses in the United States today than there are lighthouses preserved as
historical monuments.
b. There are more lighthouses in the United States now than there were in 1900.
c. There were more lighthouses in the United States in 1900 than there are elsewhere in the world today.
d. There are more lighthouses in the United States today than in any other single country.
Feedback
Your answer is correct.
The correct answer is: There were more lighthouses in the United States in 1900 than there are elsewhere in the
world today.

4. A pioneering study by Donald Appleyard made the astounding discovery that a sudden increase in the
volume of traffic through an area affects people in the way that a sudden increase in crime does.
Appleyard observed this by finding three blocks of houses in San Francisco that looked much alike and had
the same kind of middle-class and working-class residents, with approximately the same ethnic mix. The
difference was that only 2,000 cars a day ran down Octavia Street (LIGHT street, in Appleyard's
terminology) while Gough Street (MEDIUM street) was used by 8,000 cars daily, and Franklin Street
(HEAVY street) had around 16,000 cars a day. Franklin Street often had as many cars in an hour as Octavia
Street had in a day.

Heavy traffic brought with it danger, noise, fumes, and soot, directly, and trash secondarily. That is, the cars didn't
bring in much trash, but when trash accumulated, residents seldom picked it up. The cars, Appleyard determined,
reduced the amount of territory residents felt responsible for. Noise was a constant intrusion into their homes.
Many Franklin Street residents covered their doors and windows and spent most of their time in the rear of their
houses. Most families with children had already left.

Conditions on Octavia Street were much different. Residents picked up trash. They sat on their front steps and
chatted with neighbors. They had three times as many friends and twice as many acquaintances as the people on
Franklin.

On Gough Street, residents said that the old feeling of community was disappearing as traffic increased. People
were becoming more and more preoccupied with their own lives. A number of families had recently moved, and
more were considering it. Those who were staying expressed deep regret at the destruction of their community.
The author's main purpose in the second paragraph is to
Select one:
a. propose an alternate system of transportation
b. discuss the problems of trash disposal
c. point out the disadvantages of heavy traffic
d. suggest ways to cope with traffic problems
Feedback
Your answer is correct.
The correct answer is: point out the disadvantages of heavy traffic

Question 5
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5. Although both Luther Burbank and George Washington Carver drastically changed American agriculture
and were close friends besides, their methods of working could hardly have been more dissimilar.
Burbank’s formal education ended with high school, but he was inspired by the works of Charles Darwin.
In 1872, on his farm near Lunenberg, Massachusetts, he produced his first “plant creation” – a superior
potato developed from the Early Rose variety. It still bears his name. After moving to Santa Rosa,
California, in 1875, Burbank created a stream of creations, earning the nickname “the plant wizard.” He
developed new varieties of fruits, vegetables, flowers, and other plants, many of which are still
economically important. He began his work some thirty years before rediscovery of Gregor Mendel’s work
on heredity, and while he did not participate in the developing science of plant genetics, his work opened
the country’s eyes to the productive possibilities of plant breeding. However, the value of his contributions
was diminished by his methods. He relied on his keen memory and powers of observation and kept
records only for his own use. He thus thwarted attempts by scientists to study his achievements.

Carver, on the other hand, was a careful researcher who took thorough notes. Born a slave, he attended high
school in Kansas, Simpson College in Iowa, and Iowa State College, which awarded him a master’s degree. When
the eminent black educator Booker T. Washington offered him a position at Tuskegee Institute of Alabama, he
accepted. While Burbank concentrated on developing new plants, Carver found new uses for existing ones. He
produced hundreds of synthetic products made from the soybean, the sweet potato, and especially the peanut,
helping to free Southern agriculture from the tyranny of cotton.

According to the passage, which of the following best describes the relationship between Burbank and Carver?

Select one:
a. They were competitors.
b. Burbank invited Carver to work with him.
c. Carver was one of Burbank’s teachers.
d. They were personal friends.
Feedback
Your answer is incorrect.
The correct answer is: They were personal friends.

Kuis 3 yang ke 2
 1. It would be hard to cite a development that has had more impact on American industry than the
Bessemer process of making steel. It made possible the production of low-cost steel and established
the foundation of the modern steel industry. In many ways it was responsible for the rapid
industrialization of the United States that took place in the formative period of the late 1800's.

The first Bessemer plant in the United States was built in Wyandotte, Michigan, in 1864, near the end of the Civil
War. It was capable of producing only 2 tons of steel ingots at a time. The ingots were rolled into rails-the first steel
rails made in the United States. Acceptance of the process was initially slow. By 1870, the annual output of
Bessemer steel was a mere 42 thousand tons. Production grew rapidly after about 1875, rising to 1.2 million tons in
1880, when it exceeded that of wrought iron for the first time.

The rise of the US. steel industry in the last quarter of the 19th century was brought about largely by the demand
for Bessemer steel rails for the nation's burgeoning rail network. Steel rails were far more durable than those made
of iron. Spurred by this demand, the us. steel industry became the largest in the world in 1886, when it surpassed
that of Great Britain.

The Bessemer Process was the chief method of making steel until 1907, when it was overtaken by the open-hearth
process. By the 1950's, the Bessemer Process accounted for less than 3% of the total U.S. production.

The word "Spurred" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to which of the following?

Select one:
a. Driven
b. Dominated
c. Challenged
d. Broken
Feedback
Your answer is incorrect.
The correct answer is: Driven
Question 2
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2. A binary star is actually a pair of stars that are held together by the force of gravity. Although
occasionally the individual stars that compose a binary star can be distinguished, they generally
appear as one star. The gravitational pull between the individual stars of a binary star causes one to
orbit around the other. From the orbital pattern of a binary, the mass of its stars can be determined:
the gravitational pull of a star is in direct proportion to its mass, and the strength of the gravitational
force of one star on another determines the orbital pattern of the binary.

Scientists have discovered stars that seem to orbit around an empty space. It has been suggested that such a star
and the empty space really composed a binary star. The empty space is known as a “black hole,” a star with such
strong gravitational force that no light is able to get through. Although the existence of black holes has not been
proven, the theory of their existence has been around for about two centuries, since the French mathematician
Pierre Simon de Laplace first proposed the concept at the end of the eighteenth century. Scientific interest in this
theory has been intense in the last few decades. However, currently the theory is unproven. Black holes can only be
potentially identified based on the interactions of objects around them, as happens when a potential black hole is
part of a binary star; they, of course, cannot be seen because the inability of any light to escape the star’s powerful
gravity.
The word “proportion” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to which of the following?

Select one:
a. Force
b. Ratio
c. Inversion
d. Contrast
Feedback
Your answer is correct.
The correct answer is: Ratio
Question 3
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3. Certain animals have an intuitive awareness of quantities. They know without analysis the difference
between a number of objects and a smaller number. In his book The Natural History of Selbourne
(1786), the naturalist Gilbert White tells how he surreptitiously removed one egg a day from a
plover's nest, and how the mother laid another egg each day to make up for the missing one. He
noted that other species of birds ignore the absence of a single egg but abandon their nests if more
than one egg has been removed. It has also been noted by naturalists that a certain type of wasp
always provides five - never four, never six caterpillars for each of their eggs so that their young have
something to eat when the eggs hatch. Research has also shown that both mice and pigeons can be
taught to distinguish between odd and even numbers of food pieces.

These and similar accounts have led some people to infer that creatures other than humans can actually count.
They also point to dogs that have been taught to respond to numerical questions with the correct number of barks,
or to horses that seem to solve arithmetic problems by stomping their hooves the proper number of times.

Animals respond to quantities only when they are connected to survival as a species-as in the case of the eggs-or
survival as individuals-as in the case of food. There is no transfer to other situations or from concrete reality to the
abstract notion of numbers. Animals can "count" only when the objects are present and only when the numbers
involved are small-no more than seven or eight. In lab experiments, animals trained to "count" one kind of object
were unable to count any other type. The objects, not the numbers, are what interest them. Animals' admittedly
remarkable achievements simply do not amount to evidence of counting, nor do they reveal more than innate
instincts, refined by the genes of successive generations, or the results of clever, careful conditioning by trainers.

The word "abandon" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to

Select one:
a. rebuild
b. move
c. vacate
d. guard
Feedback
Your answer is correct.
The correct answer is: vacate
Question 4
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4. To date, Canada has produced only one classic children's tale to rank with Alice's Adventures in
Wonderland and the works of Mark Twain; this was Lucy Maud Montgomery's Anne of Green Gables.
Lucy Maud Montgomery was born in Clinton, Prince Edward Island. Her mother died soon after her
birth, and when her father went to Saskatchewan to assume a business position, she moved in with
her grandparents in Cavendish, Prince Edward Island. There she went to school, and later qualified to
be a teacher. Montgomery wrote the Anne books while living in Cavendish and helping her
grandmother at the post office. The first of the books, Anne of Green Gables, was published in 1908,
and in the next three years she wrote two sequels. Like Montgomery, the heroine of the book is taken
in by an elderly couple who live in the fictional town of Avonlea, and Montgomery incorporated many
events from her life in Cavendish into the Anne books.

In 1911, Montgomery married Ewan MacDonald, and the couple soon moved to Ontario, where she wrote many
other books. However, it was her first efforts that secured her prominence, and the Anne books are still read all
around the world. Her novels have helped create a warm picture of Prince Edward Island's special character.
Several movies, a television series, and a musical play have been based on her tales, and today visitors scour the
island for locations described in the book.

The main purpose of this passage is to

Select one:
a. introduce Montgomery and her Anne books
b. show the similarities between Montgomery's life and that of her fictional character Anne.
c. contrast Canadian children's literature with that of other countries
d. provide a brief introduction to Prince Edward Island
Feedback
Your answer is incorrect.
The correct answer is: introduce Montgomery and her Anne books
Question 5
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5. A pioneering study by Donald Appleyard made the astounding discovery that a sudden increase in the
volume of traffic through an area affects people in the way that a sudden increase in crime does.
Appleyard observed this by finding three blocks of houses in San Francisco that looked much alike and
had the same kind of middle-class and working-class residents, with approximately the same ethnic
mix. The difference was that only 2,000 cars a day ran down Octavia Street (LIGHT street, in
Appleyard's terminology) while Gough Street (MEDIUM street) was used by 8,000 cars daily, and
 Franklin Street (HEAVY street) had around 16,000 cars a day. Franklin Street often had as many cars in
an hour as Octavia Street had in a day.

Heavy traffic brought with it danger, noise, fumes, and soot, directly, and trash secondarily. That is, the cars didn't
bring in much trash, but when trash accumulated, residents seldom picked it up. The cars, Appleyard determined,
reduced the amount of territory residents felt responsible for. Noise was a constant intrusion into their homes.
Many Franklin Street residents covered their doors and windows and spent most of their time in the rear of their
houses. Most families with children had already left.

Conditions on Octavia Street were much different. Residents picked up trash. They sat on their front steps and
chatted with neighbors. They had three times as many friends and twice as many acquaintances as the people on
Franklin.

On Gough Street, residents said that the old feeling of community was disappearing as traffic increased. People
were becoming more and more preoccupied with their own lives. A number of families had recently moved, and
more were considering it. Those who were staying expressed deep regret at the destruction of their community.

The three streets mentioned in this passage are different in that

Select one:
a. they have varying amounts of traffic
b. they are in different cities
c. the income levels of the residents vary considerably
d. the residents are of different ethnic backgrounds
Feedback
Your answer is correct.
The correct answer is: they have varying amounts of traffic

Mingguke 5
1
1. Clara Barton is well known for her endeavors as a nurse on the battlefield during the Civil War and for her
role in founding the American Red Cross. She is perhaps not as well known, however, for her role in
establishing a bureau for tracing missing soldiers following the Civil War.

At the close of the Civil War, the United States did not have in place any agency responsible for accounting for what
had happened to the innumerable men who had served in the military during the war, and many families had no
idea as to the fate of their loved ones. Families were forced to agonize endless over where their loved ones were,
what kind of shape they were in, whether or not they would return, and what had happened to them.

Clara Barton developed a system for using print media to publish the names of soldiers known to have been
wounded or killed during various battles of the Civil War. She was prepared to publish names that she herself had
gathered on the battlefield as well as information gathered from others. She made numerous unsuccessful
attempts to interest various government officials in her plan. However, it was not until Henry Wilson, a senator
from the state of Massachusetts, took up her cause and presented her plan to President Lincoln that her plan was
implemented.

With Lincoln’s assistance, Clara Barton was set up in a small government office with funding for a few clerks and the
authority to examine military records. She and her clerks gathered and compiled information from military records
and battlefield witnesses and published it in newspapers and magazines. Clara Barton operated this missing
persons bureau for four years, from the end of the war in 1865 until 1869. During this period, she and her staff put
out more than 100,000 printed lists, answered more than 60,000 letters, and accounted for more than 20,000
missing soldiers.
Which of the following did Clara Barton and her staff accomplish, according to the passage?

Select one:
a. They searched military records.
b. They talked with 20,000 missing soldiers.
c. They printed a list with 100,000 names.
d. They responded to 100,000 letters.
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The correct answer is: They searched military records.
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2. A pioneering study by Donald Appleyard made the astounding discovery that a sudden increase in the
volume of traffic through an area affects people in the way that a sudden increase in crime does.
Appleyard observed this by finding three blocks of houses in San Francisco that looked much alike and had
the same kind of middle-class and working-class residents, with approximately the same ethnic mix. The
difference was that only 2,000 cars a day ran down Octavia Street (LIGHT street, in Appleyard's
terminology) while Gough Street (MEDIUM street) was used by 8,000 cars daily, and Franklin Street
(HEAVY street) had around 16,000 cars a day. Franklin Street often had as many cars in an hour as Octavia
Street had in a day.

Heavy traffic brought with it danger, noise, fumes, and soot, directly, and trash secondarily. That is, the cars didn't
bring in much trash, but when trash accumulated, residents seldom picked it up. The cars, Appleyard determined,
reduced the amount of territory residents felt responsible for. Noise was a constant intrusion into their homes.
Many Franklin Street residents covered their doors and windows and spent most of their time in the rear of their
houses. Most families with children had already left.

Conditions on Octavia Street were much different. Residents picked up trash. They sat on their front steps and
chatted with neighbors. They had three times as many friends and twice as many acquaintances as the people on
Franklin.
On Gough Street, residents said that the old feeling of community was disappearing as traffic increased. People
were becoming more and more preoccupied with their own lives. A number of families had recently moved, and
more were considering it. Those who were staying expressed deep regret at the destruction of their community.

The author's main purpose in the second paragraph is to

Select one:
a. suggest ways to cope with traffic problems
b. propose an alternate system of transportation
c. discuss the problems of trash disposal
d. point out the disadvantages of heavy traffic
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The correct answer is: point out the disadvantages of heavy traffic
Question 3
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3. Visitors of Prince Edward Island, Canada, delight in the “unspoiled” scenery – the well-kept farms and
peaceful hamlets of the island’s central core and the rougher terrain of the east and the west. In reality,
the Island ecosystems are almost entirely artificial.

Islanders have been tampering with the natural environment since the eighteenth century and long ago broke
down the island’s natural forest cover to exploit its timber and clear land for agriculture. By 1900, 80 percent of the
forest had been cut down and much of what remained had been destroyed by disease. Since then, however, some
farmland has been abandoned and has returned to forest through the invasion of opportunist species, notably
spruce. Few examples of the original climax forest, which consisted mostly of broadleaved trees such as maple,
birch, and oak, survive today.

Apart from a few stands of native forest, the only authentic habitats on Prince Edward Island are its sand dunes and
salt marshes. The dunes are formed from sand washed ashore by waves and then dried and blown by the wind to
the land beyond the beach. The sand is prevented from spreading farther by marram grass, a tall, long-rooted
species that grows with the dunes and keeps them remarkably stable. Marram grass acts as a windbreak and allows
other plants such as beach pea and bayberry to take hold. On dunes where marram grass is broken down – for
instance, where it is trampled – the dunes may spread inland and inundate agricultural lands or silt up fishing
harbors. The white dunes of the north coast are the most impressive. There are also white dunes on the east and
west coasts. Only in the south are there red dunes, created when the soft sandstone cliffs crumble into the sea and
subsequently wash ashore as red sand. The dunes were once used as cattle pasture but were abandoned as the
early settlers moved inland.

Salt marshes are the second remaining authentic habitant. These bogs are the result of the flooding of low coastal
areas during unusually high tides. In the intervals between tides, a marsh area remains and plants take root,
notably cord grass, the “marsh hay” used by the early settlers as winter forage for their livestock. Like the dunes,
though, the marshes were soon dismissed as wasteland and escaped development.

Why does the author use quotation marks around the word "unspoiled" in paragraph 1?
Select one:
a. The scenery is not as attractive as it once was.
b. He is quoting from another author.
c. He disagrees with the ideas in this paragraph.
d. The scenery looks unspoiled but is not.
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The correct answer is: The scenery looks unspoiled but is not.
Question 4
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4. Just before and during World War I, a number of white musicians came to Chicago from New Orleans
playing in an idiom they had learned from blacks in that city. Five of them formed what eventually became
known as the Original Dixieland Band. They moved to New York in 1917 and won fame there. That year
they recorded the first phonograph record identified as jazz.

The first important recording by black musicians was made in Chicago in 1923 by King Oliver's Creole Jazz Band, a
group that featured some of the foremost jazz musicians of the time, including trumpet player Louis Armstrong.
Armstrong's dynamic trumpet style became famous worldwide. Other band members had played in Fate Marable's
band, which traveled up and down the Mississippi River entertaining passengers on riverboats.

The characteristics of this early type of jazz, known as Dixieland jazz, included a complex interweaving of melodic
lines among the cornet or trumpet, clarinet, and trombone, and a steady chomp-chomp beat provided by the
rhythm section, which included the piano, bass, and drums. Most bands used no written notations, preferring
arrangements agreed on verbally. Improvisation was an indispensable element. Even bandleaders such as Duke
Ellington, who provided his musicians with written arrangements, permitted them plenty to freedom to improvise
when playing solos.

In the late 1920's, the most influential jazz artists in Chicago were members of small bands such as the Wolverines.
In New York, the trend was toward larger groups. These groups played in revues, large dance halls, and theaters.
Bands would become larger still during the next age of jazz, the Swing era.

The musicians who made the earliest jazz recordings were originally from
Select one:
a. New Orleans
b. New York
c. Chicago
d. Mississippi
Feedback
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The correct answer is: New Orleans
Question 5
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Question text

5. A pioneering study by Donald Appleyard made the astounding discovery that a sudden increase in the
volume of traffic through an area affects people in the way that a sudden increase in crime does.
Appleyard observed this by finding three blocks of houses in San Francisco that looked much alike and had
the same kind of middle-class and working-class residents, with approximately the same ethnic mix. The
difference was that only 2,000 cars a day ran down Octavia Street (LIGHT street, in Appleyard's
terminology) while Gough Street (MEDIUM street) was used by 8,000 cars daily, and Franklin Street
(HEAVY street) had around 16,000 cars a day. Franklin Street often had as many cars in an hour as Octavia
Street had in a day.

Heavy traffic brought with it danger, noise, fumes, and soot, directly, and trash secondarily. That is, the cars didn't
bring in much trash, but when trash accumulated, residents seldom picked it up. The cars, Appleyard determined,
reduced the amount of territory residents felt responsible for. Noise was a constant intrusion into their homes.
Many Franklin Street residents covered their doors and windows and spent most of their time in the rear of their
houses. Most families with children had already left.

Conditions on Octavia Street were much different. Residents picked up trash. They sat on their front steps and
chatted with neighbors. They had three times as many friends and twice as many acquaintances as the people on
Franklin.

On Gough Street, residents said that the old feeling of community was disappearing as traffic increased. People
were becoming more and more preoccupied with their own lives. A number of families had recently moved, and
more were considering it. Those who were staying expressed deep regret at the destruction of their community.

On which street is there the most social interaction?

Select one:
a. Gough Street
b. There is no significant social interaction on any of the three streets.
c. Octavia Street
d. Franklin Street
Feedback
Your answer is incorrect.
The correct answer is: Octavia Street

2.

1. The roman alphabet took thousands of years to develop, from the picture writing of the ancient Egyptians
through modifications by Phoneticians, Greeks, Romans, and others. Yet in just a dozen years, one man,
Sequoyah, invented an alphabet for the Cherokee people. Born in eastern Tennessee, Sequoyah was a
hunter and a silversmith in his youth, as well as an able interpreter who knew Spanish, French, and
English.
Sequoyah wanted his people to have the secret of the “talking leaves,” as he called the books of white people, and
so he set out to design a written form of Cherokee. His chief aim was to record his people’s ancient tribal customs.
He began by designing pictographs for every word in the Cherokee vocabulary. Reputedly his wife, angry at him for
his neglect of garden and house, burned his notes, and he had to start over. This time, having concluded that
picture-writing was cumbersome, he made symbols for the sounds of the Cherokee language. Eventually he refined
his system to eighty-five characters, which he borrowed from the Roman, Greek, and Hebrew alphabets. He
presented this system to the Cherokee General Council in 1821, and it was wholeheartedly approved. The response
was phenomenal. Cherokees who had struggled for months to learn English lettering in school picked up the new
system in days. Several books were printed in Cherokee, and in 1828, a newspaper, the Cherokee Phoenix, was first
published in the new alphabet. Sequoyah was acclaimed by his people.

In his later life, Sequoyah dedicated himself to the general advancement of his people. He went to Washington,
D.C., as a representative of the Western tribes. He helped settle bitter differences among Cherokee after their
forced movement by the federal government to the Oklahoma territory in the 1830s. He died in Mexico in 1843
while searching for groups of lost Cherokee. A statue of Sequoyah represents Oklahoma in the Sanctuary Hall in the
Capitol building in Washington, D.C. However, he is probably chiefly remembered today because sequoias, the giant
redwood trees of California, are named for him.

What was Sequoyah’s main purpose in designing a Cherokee alphabet?

Select one:
a. To write about his own life
b. To write books in Cherokee
c. To publish a newspaper
d. To record Cherokee customs
Feedback
Your answer is correct.
The correct answer is: To record Cherokee customs
Question 2
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Question text

2. A pioneering study by Donald Appleyard made the astounding discovery that a sudden increase in the
volume of traffic through an area affects people in the way that a sudden increase in crime does.
Appleyard observed this by finding three blocks of houses in San Francisco that looked much alike and had
the same kind of middle-class and working-class residents, with approximately the same ethnic mix. The
difference was that only 2,000 cars a day ran down Octavia Street (LIGHT street, in Appleyard's
terminology) while Gough Street (MEDIUM street) was used by 8,000 cars daily, and Franklin Street
(HEAVY street) had around 16,000 cars a day. Franklin Street often had as many cars in an hour as Octavia
Street had in a day.

Heavy traffic brought with it danger, noise, fumes, and soot, directly, and trash secondarily. That is, the cars didn't
bring in much trash, but when trash accumulated, residents seldom picked it up. The cars, Appleyard determined,
reduced the amount of territory residents felt responsible for. Noise was a constant intrusion into their homes.
Many Franklin Street residents covered their doors and windows and spent most of their time in the rear of their
houses. Most families with children had already left.
Conditions on Octavia Street were much different. Residents picked up trash. They sat on their front steps and
chatted with neighbors. They had three times as many friends and twice as many acquaintances as the people on
Franklin.

On Gough Street, residents said that the old feeling of community was disappearing as traffic increased. People
were becoming more and more preoccupied with their own lives. A number of families had recently moved, and
more were considering it. Those who were staying expressed deep regret at the destruction of their community.

The word "astounding" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to

Select one:
a. dubious
b. alternative
c. startling
d. disappointing
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The correct answer is: startling
Question 3
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3. Certain animals have an intuitive awareness of quantities. They know without analysis the difference
between a number of objects and a smaller number. In his book The Natural History of Selbourne (1786),
the naturalist Gilbert White tells how he surreptitiously removed one egg a day from a plover's nest, and
how the mother laid another egg each day to make up for the missing one. He noted that other species of
birds ignore the absence of a single egg but abandon their nests if more than one egg has been removed.
It has also been noted by naturalists that a certain type of wasp always provides five - never four, never six
caterpillars for each of their eggs so that their young have something to eat when the eggs hatch.
Research has also shown that both mice and pigeons can be taught to distinguish between odd and even
numbers of food pieces.

These and similar accounts have led some people to infer that creatures other than humans can actually count.
They also point to dogs that have been taught to respond to numerical questions with the correct number of barks,
or to horses that seem to solve arithmetic problems by stomping their hooves the proper number of times.

Animals respond to quantities only when they are connected to survival as a species-as in the case of the eggs-or
survival as individuals-as in the case of food. There is no transfer to other situations or from concrete reality to the
abstract notion of numbers. Animals can "count" only when the objects are present and only when the numbers
involved are small-no more than seven or eight. In lab experiments, animals trained to "count" one kind of object
were unable to count any other type. The objects, not the numbers, are what interest them. Animals' admittedly
remarkable achievements simply do not amount to evidence of counting, nor do they reveal more than innate
instincts, refined by the genes of successive generations, or the results of clever, careful conditioning by trainers.

How would the author probably characterize the people who are mentioned in the second paragraph?
Select one:
a. As clever
b. As mistaken
c. As foolish
d. As demanding
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The correct answer is: As mistaken
Question 4
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Question text

4. Just before and during World War I, a number of white musicians came to Chicago from New Orleans
playing in an idiom they had learned from blacks in that city. Five of them formed what eventually became
known as the Original Dixieland Band. They moved to New York in 1917 and won fame there. That year
they recorded the first phonograph record identified as jazz.

The first important recording by black musicians was made in Chicago in 1923 by King Oliver's Creole Jazz Band, a
group that featured some of the foremost jazz musicians of the time, including trumpet player Louis Armstrong.
Armstrong's dynamic trumpet style became famous worldwide. Other band members had played in Fate Marable's
band, which traveled up and down the Mississippi River entertaining passengers on riverboats.

The characteristics of this early type of jazz, known as Dixieland jazz, included a complex interweaving of melodic
lines among the cornet or trumpet, clarinet, and trombone, and a steady chomp-chomp beat provided by the
rhythm section, which included the piano, bass, and drums. Most bands used no written notations, preferring
arrangements agreed on verbally. Improvisation was an indispensable element. Even bandleaders such as Duke
Ellington, who provided his musicians with written arrangements, permitted them plenty to freedom to improvise
when playing solos.

In the late 1920's, the most influential jazz artists in Chicago were members of small bands such as the Wolverines.
In New York, the trend was toward larger groups. These groups played in revues, large dance halls, and theaters.
Bands would become larger still during the next age of jazz, the Swing era.

Duke Ellington is given as an example of a bandleader who

Select one:
a. could not read music
b. discouraged solo performances
c. used written arrangements
d. did not value improvisation
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The correct answer is: used written arrangements
Question 5
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Question text

5. A binary star is actually a pair of stars that are held together by the force of gravity. Although occasionally
the individual stars that compose a binary star can be distinguished, they generally appear as one star. The
gravitational pull between the individual stars of a binary star causes one to orbit around the other. From
the orbital pattern of a binary, the mass of its stars can be determined: the gravitational pull of a star is in
direct proportion to its mass, and the strength of the gravitational force of one star on another determines
the orbital pattern of the binary.

Scientists have discovered stars that seem to orbit around an empty space. It has been suggested that such a star
and the empty space really composed a binary star. The empty space is known as a “black hole,” a star with such
strong gravitational force that no light is able to get through. Although the existence of black holes has not been
proven, the theory of their existence has been around for about two centuries, since the French mathematician
Pierre Simon de Laplace first proposed the concept at the end of the eighteenth century. Scientific interest in this
theory has been intense in the last few decades. However, currently the theory is unproven. Black holes can only be
potentially identified based on the interactions of objects around them, as happens when a potential black hole is
part of a binary star; they, of course, cannot be seen because the inability of any light to escape the star’s powerful
gravity.
Which of the following statements about black holes is NOT supported by the passage?

Select one:
a. The gravitational pull of a black hole is strong.
b. A binary star can be composed of a black hole and a visible star.
c. A black hole can have a star orbiting around it.
d. All empty space contains black holes.
Feedback
Your answer is correct.
The correct answer is: All empty space contains black holes.

3.

1. Certain animals have an intuitive awareness of quantities. They know without analysis the difference
between a number of objects and a smaller number. In his book The Natural History of Selbourne (1786),
the naturalist Gilbert White tells how he surreptitiously removed one egg a day from a plover's nest, and
how the mother laid another egg each day to make up for the missing one. He noted that other species of
birds ignore the absence of a single egg but abandon their nests if more than one egg has been removed.
It has also been noted by naturalists that a certain type of wasp always provides five - never four, never six
caterpillars for each of their eggs so that their young have something to eat when the eggs hatch.
Research has also shown that both mice and pigeons can be taught to distinguish between odd and even
numbers of food pieces.

These and similar accounts have led some people to infer that creatures other than humans can actually count.
They also point to dogs that have been taught to respond to numerical questions with the correct number of barks,
or to horses that seem to solve arithmetic problems by stomping their hooves the proper number of times.
Animals respond to quantities only when they are connected to survival as a species-as in the case of the eggs-or
survival as individuals-as in the case of food. There is no transfer to other situations or from concrete reality to the
abstract notion of numbers. Animals can "count" only when the objects are present and only when the numbers
involved are small-no more than seven or eight. In lab experiments, animals trained to "count" one kind of object
were unable to count any other type. The objects, not the numbers, are what interest them. Animals' admittedly
remarkable achievements simply do not amount to evidence of counting, nor do they reveal more than innate
instincts, refined by the genes of successive generations, or the results of clever, careful conditioning by trainers.

What is the main idea of this passage?

Select one:
a. Of all animals, dogs and horses can count best.
b. Animals cannot "count" more than one kind of object.
c. Although some animals may be aware of quantities, they cannot actually count.
d. Careful training is required to teach animals to perform tricks involving numbers.
Feedback
Your answer is correct.
The correct answer is: Although some animals may be aware of quantities, they cannot actually count.
Question 2
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Question text

2. Although both Luther Burbank and George Washington Carver drastically changed American agriculture
and were close friends besides, their methods of working could hardly have been more dissimilar.
Burbank’s formal education ended with high school, but he was inspired by the works of Charles Darwin.
In 1872, on his farm near Lunenberg, Massachusetts, he produced his first “plant creation” – a superior
potato developed from the Early Rose variety. It still bears his name. After moving to Santa Rosa,
California, in 1875, Burbank created a stream of creations, earning the nickname “the plant wizard.” He
developed new varieties of fruits, vegetables, flowers, and other plants, many of which are still
economically important. He began his work some thirty years before rediscovery of Gregor Mendel’s work
on heredity, and while he did not participate in the developing science of plant genetics, his work opened
the country’s eyes to the productive possibilities of plant breeding. However, the value of his contributions
was diminished by his methods. He relied on his keen memory and powers of observation and kept
records only for his own use. He thus thwarted attempts by scientists to study his achievements.

Carver, on the other hand, was a careful researcher who took thorough notes. Born a slave, he attended high
school in Kansas, Simpson College in Iowa, and Iowa State College, which awarded him a master’s degree. When
the eminent black educator Booker T. Washington offered him a position at Tuskegee Institute of Alabama, he
accepted. While Burbank concentrated on developing new plants, Carver found new uses for existing ones. He
produced hundreds of synthetic products made from the soybean, the sweet potato, and especially the peanut,
helping to free Southern agriculture from the tyranny of cotton.

The word "drastically" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to

Select one:
a. initially
b. dramatically
c. potentially
d. unintentionally
Feedback
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The correct answer is: dramatically
Question 3
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Mark 20.00 out of 20.00
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Question text

3. Certain animals have an intuitive awareness of quantities. They know without analysis the difference
between a number of objects and a smaller number. In his book The Natural History of Selbourne (1786),
the naturalist Gilbert White tells how he surreptitiously removed one egg a day from a plover's nest, and
how the mother laid another egg each day to make up for the missing one. He noted that other species of
birds ignore the absence of a single egg but abandon their nests if more than one egg has been removed.
It has also been noted by naturalists that a certain type of wasp always provides five - never four, never six
caterpillars for each of their eggs so that their young have something to eat when the eggs hatch.
Research has also shown that both mice and pigeons can be taught to distinguish between odd and even
numbers of food pieces.

These and similar accounts have led some people to infer that creatures other than humans can actually count.
They also point to dogs that have been taught to respond to numerical questions with the correct number of barks,
or to horses that seem to solve arithmetic problems by stomping their hooves the proper number of times.

Animals respond to quantities only when they are connected to survival as a species-as in the case of the eggs-or
survival as individuals-as in the case of food. There is no transfer to other situations or from concrete reality to the
abstract notion of numbers. Animals can "count" only when the objects are present and only when the numbers
involved are small-no more than seven or eight. In lab experiments, animals trained to "count" one kind of object
were unable to count any other type. The objects, not the numbers, are what interest them. Animals' admittedly
remarkable achievements simply do not amount to evidence of counting, nor do they reveal more than innate
instincts, refined by the genes of successive generations, or the results of clever, careful conditioning by trainers.

The word "abandon" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to

Select one:
a. guard
b. rebuild
c. move
d. vacate
Feedback
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The correct answer is: vacate
Question 4
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 4. The roman alphabet took thousands of years to develop, from the picture writing of the ancient Egyptians
through modifications by Phoneticians, Greeks, Romans, and others. Yet in just a dozen years, one man,
Sequoyah, invented an alphabet for the Cherokee people. Born in eastern Tennessee, Sequoyah was a
hunter and a silversmith in his youth, as well as an able interpreter who knew Spanish, French, and
English.

Sequoyah wanted his people to have the secret of the “talking leaves,” as he called the books of white people, and
so he set out to design a written form of Cherokee. His chief aim was to record his people’s ancient tribal customs.
He began by designing pictographs for every word in the Cherokee vocabulary. Reputedly his wife, angry at him for
his neglect of garden and house, burned his notes, and he had to start over. This time, having concluded that
picture-writing was cumbersome, he made symbols for the sounds of the Cherokee language. Eventually he refined
his system to eighty-five characters, which he borrowed from the Roman, Greek, and Hebrew alphabets. He
presented this system to the Cherokee General Council in 1821, and it was wholeheartedly approved. The response
was phenomenal. Cherokees who had struggled for months to learn English lettering in school picked up the new
system in days. Several books were printed in Cherokee, and in 1828, a newspaper, the Cherokee Phoenix, was first
published in the new alphabet. Sequoyah was acclaimed by his people.

In his later life, Sequoyah dedicated himself to the general advancement of his people. He went to Washington,
D.C., as a representative of the Western tribes. He helped settle bitter differences among Cherokee after their
forced movement by the federal government to the Oklahoma territory in the 1830s. He died in Mexico in 1843
while searching for groups of lost Cherokee. A statue of Sequoyah represents Oklahoma in the Sanctuary Hall in the
Capitol building in Washington, D.C. However, he is probably chiefly remembered today because sequoias, the giant
redwood trees of California, are named for him.

The word "cumbersome" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to

Select one:
a. awkward
b. simplistic
c. unfamiliar
d. radical
Feedback
Your answer is incorrect.
The correct answer is: awkward
Question 5
Correct
Mark 20.00 out of 20.00
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Question text

5. Although both Luther Burbank and George Washington Carver drastically changed American agriculture
and were close friends besides, their methods of working could hardly have been more dissimilar.
Burbank’s formal education ended with high school, but he was inspired by the works of Charles Darwin.
In 1872, on his farm near Lunenberg, Massachusetts, he produced his first “plant creation” – a superior
potato developed from the Early Rose variety. It still bears his name. After moving to Santa Rosa,
California, in 1875, Burbank created a stream of creations, earning the nickname “the plant wizard.” He
developed new varieties of fruits, vegetables, flowers, and other plants, many of which are still
economically important. He began his work some thirty years before rediscovery of Gregor Mendel’s work
on heredity, and while he did not participate in the developing science of plant genetics, his work opened
the country’s eyes to the productive possibilities of plant breeding. However, the value of his contributions
was diminished by his methods. He relied on his keen memory and powers of observation and kept
records only for his own use. He thus thwarted attempts by scientists to study his achievements.
Carver, on the other hand, was a careful researcher who took thorough notes. Born a slave, he attended high
school in Kansas, Simpson College in Iowa, and Iowa State College, which awarded him a master’s degree. When
the eminent black educator Booker T. Washington offered him a position at Tuskegee Institute of Alabama, he
accepted. While Burbank concentrated on developing new plants, Carver found new uses for existing ones. He
produced hundreds of synthetic products made from the soybean, the sweet potato, and especially the peanut,
helping to free Southern agriculture from the tyranny of cotton.

According to the passage, what school awarded Carver a master’s degree?

Select one:
a. Simpson College
b. Iowa State College
c. Tuskegee Institute
d. The University of Alabama
Feedback
Your answer is correct.
The correct answer is: Iowa State College