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Abstract
Thermoacoustic refrigeration is an environmental friendly technology as it uses gases like air, helium as a refrigerant. Its biggest
advantage is that they do not use harmful gas as a refrigerant. It is pollutant free method of providing refrigeration. It uses helium
which is noncombustible, nonpoisonous inert gas having zero global warming effect. According to Montreal protocol which is
international agreement signed by 165 countries to control the production and exchange of ozone depleting substances. It
controls the import, export, manufacture, use, sale of any HCFC or product that contains or intended to contain HCFCs as this
regulation comes in to play thermoacoustic refrigeration proves to be a green technology .As it does not contain any moving part
other than speaker which increase the lifespan of product and decrease the maintenance cost. So it does not use lubricant. It only
uses the sound wave which is pressure wave for cooling.The only disadvantage of this thermoacoustic refrigeration is it has low
C.O.P compare to other conventional cooler. But most efficient system are tried to be made. Lots of research is going on in this
area.This paper is focuses on use of different gases with stacks of different materials and finding best suitable or optimum
combination which gives higher value of c.o.p.
Keywords: Acoustic, Stack
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I. INTRODUCTION
Thermoacoustic refrigeration uses advanced acoustic technology to improve cooling capacity without the need for
environmentally destructive refrigerants. The mechanism of the TAR is simple, based on the expansion and compression of a gas
by sound wave.
When a sound wave from a vibrating diaphragm or loudspeaker is sent down a half wave length tube, the pressure pulsations
from a standing wave, which cause oscillatory motion of gas in the tube’s axial direction. The combination of pressure
oscillation and oscillatory motion of gas causes heat transport wherever the gas is in thermal contact with a stationary surface. If
small structure with a large amount of surface area is placed in an appropriate location in an intense standing wave, substantial
amounts of heat transport will occur, with one end cooled by heat transport, and the other end heated,
This structure is usually called a “stack”; if both ends of the stack make thermal contact with heat exchangers, a functional heat
pump or refrigerator can be constructed.
A. Driver:
The driver in thermoacoustic refrigerator is used to create the acoustic wave within a thermoacoustic refrigerator.
B. Resonator:
The purpose of resonator is to contain the working fluid in a thermoacoustic refrigerator, and cause it to have a desired natural
frequency.
C. Stack:
Stack is the heart of the thermoacoustic refrigerator. This is where the thermoacoustic effect takes place and is perhaps the most
sensitive part.
D. Heat Exchanger:
Heat exchanger is used for the transfer of heat at cold and hot side of stack. Hot exchanger placed at hot side of stack while cold
exchanger placed at cold side.
E. Working Fluid:
Working fluid is filled in the resonator at high pressure. Noble gases are as a working fluid.
III. CONCLUSION
All literature review revels that the stack is heart of the thermoacoustic refrigeration system and the work or research conducted
on stack is only regarding to its location in resonator and its length but there is still lack of ideal model of stack and effect of
working fluid (gas) on it. So, aim of this project is to improve the performance of thermoacoustic refrigerator by analyzing the
parameters or factor which affects the performance of thermoacoustic refrigerator trying to improve the performance of
thermoacoustic refrigerator by changing the various parameter and studying their effect on thermoacoustic refrigerator.
Experimental investigations of Thermo-acoustics refrigerator with helium, nitrogen, argon and carbon dioxide gas at different
charging pressures with use different stack material and Finding the best combination of stack material and working gases for
creating maximum temperature difference across the stack.
REFERENCES
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