LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE

SOCIOLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGY

WRITTEN REPORT

TOPICS:

SOCIALIZATION AND PERSONALITY

AGENCIES OF SOCIALIZATION

SOCIALIZATION FOR SEX ROLES

GROUP 1:

DIMAPILIS, JAKE KIRBY L.

IRUGUIN, JOYCE

MARANAN, SHARLENE JOY P.

ONG, MA. RIZZA C.

SOCIALIZATION AND PERSONALITY

Determinants of personality
A. Biological personality
B. Environmental
 Geographic environment
 Social environment
 Cultural environment

• Other views on p.formation

• Cultural detreminism
• Franz boaz views personality
• Symbolic interactionism

Socialization

Freud’s Theory of Socialization

• Personality holds that personality of three major systems that operate separately or in combination
with one another:
• The ID (Pleasure Principle)
• The Ego (Rational Mind)
• Super Ego (Moral arm/the conscience)

5 Different stages in Personality Development According to Freud

• Oral Stage (0-1 Y.O)
• Anal Stage (1-3 Y.O)
• Phallic Stage (3-6 Y.O)
• Latency Period (6-Adolescence)
• Genital Stage (Adolescence and Beyond)

Cultural Theory
• Culture as the main factor that determinse human behavior.
• Franz boas: Personality development is a result of learned ways of the group.
• Ruth benedict: Individual personalities of members of society are tiny replicas of their overall culture,
with the culture as the sum total of their personalities.

Symbolic Theory
• Personality: Int. through symbols or language
• Charles Horton Cooley – “Looking Glass Self”

Biological determinism theory

• Inherited biological structures = human behavior

Labeling Theory
• Personality: Society’s labeling on human behavior (good or bad)
AGENCIES OF SOCIALIZATION

- Sociologists, social psychologists, anthropologists, as well as educationists and

politicians, use the word 'socialization' to refer to a process through which people
inherit the norms and ideologies of the social order in which they live.
- Socialization, as a process, facilitates social interaction by means of give and take of
common values, customs, traditions, languages, etc.
- It is an ongoing process which not only leads to the all-round development of an
individual but also cultivates within him, a sense of belonging with regards to his
family, friends, people and society as a whole.
- In a society, an individual or an institution has the task of making a person worth
being a part of it. These individuals or institutions are called agents of socialization.

1. Family
- Family is the first agent of socialization.
- Mothers and fathers, siblings and grandparents, plus members of an extended
family, all teach a child what he or she needs to know.
- Many social factors affect the way a family raises its children. For example, we can
use sociological imagination to recognize that individual behaviors are affected by
the historical period in which they take place.
- Sociologists recognize that race, social class, religion, and other societal factors
play an important role in socialization.
2. School
- In the school the child gets his education which molds his ideas and attitudes.
- He is formally introduced to the lore and the learning, the arts and the sciences, the
values and the beliefs, the customs and taboos of the society from a wider circle, his
teachers play a very significant role.
- Schools also serve a latent function in society by socializing children into behaviors
like practicing teamwork, following a schedule, and using textbooks.
- School and classroom rituals, led by teachers serving as role models and leaders,
regularly reinforce what society expects from children.
- Sociologists describe this aspect of schools as the hidden curriculum, the informal
teaching done by schools.
- Schools also socialize children by teaching them about citizenship and national
pride.
3. Peer Groups
- Made up of people who are similar in age and social status and who share interests.
 - Peer group socialization begins in the earliest years, such as when kids on a
playground teach younger children the norms about taking turns, the rules of a
game, or how to shoot a basket.
- Peer groups are important to adolescents in a new way, as they begin to develop an
identity separate from their parents and exert independence.
- Peer groups provide their own opportunities for socialization since kids usually
engage in different types of activities with their peers than they do with their
families.
- Studies have shown that although friendships rank high in adolescents’ priorities,
this is balanced by parental influence.
4. Religion
- Religion is one of the most powerful agents of socialization which is linked with
concepts and values people identify themselves with. At the same time, it is the most
sensitive agent of socialization as well.
- Like other institutions, these places teach participants how to interact with the
religion’s material culture.
- For some people, important ceremonies related to family structure—like marriage
and birth—are connected to religious celebrations.
- Many religious institutions also uphold gender norms and contribute to their
enforcement through socialization.
- While the major function of religion in the process of socialization is teaching
people, belonging to different religions, to be tolerant and respectful towards each
other, things do not always work out as desired.
5. Mass Media
- Mass media is the strongest and the most argued indirect agent of socialization.
- It puts across to us, lot of ideas and mannerisms without having any kind of
interpersonal communication.
- Research shows that most people, adults and children alike, often tend to get so
carried away by the influence of media that they get confused between the notions
of 'reality' and 'fiction'.
- The mass media influence our political views; our tastes in popular culture; our
views of women, people of color, and gays; and many other beliefs and practices.
- In an ongoing controversy, the mass media are often blamed for youth violence
and many others of our society’s ills.

SOCIALIZATION FOR SEX ROLES

Sex - It refers to the biological identity as MALES AND FEMALES based on the differences of
their primary organs and characteristics.
Gender - Connotes the physical, social and cultural differences between males and females
- Knows as “gender role” or “gender identity”

Gender Identity - It is the conception that we have of ourselves as men or women.

Gender Training - It is the socialization for sex roles begins at birth

Woman or Girl

Examples

Personality Described as: Fragile, Moody, Weak, Soft Hearted, Delicate, Responsible
Traits
Supposed to be: Sweet, Dependent, Strong, Cultured, Emphaty,
Determined, Ambitious, Work ethic, etc

Domestic Take care of their children , Cook ,Clean the house,

behaviors
Have a companion to her husband, etc.

Occupations Teacher, Nurse, Maids, Receptionists, Beauticians, Cook , etc.

Physical Described as: Pretty, Clean and Neat , Graceful, etc.

appearance

Man or Boy

Examples

Personality Strong, Ambitious, Hardworking, Well coordinated, Aggressive, Fearless,

Traits Independent, Respectful, Kind, Obedient, etc.

Domestic Take care of finances, work on the car, do the home repairs, Decision
behaviors maker, Guardian of the family, Bread winner, etc.

Occupations Engineer, Welder, Car mechanic, Driver, Construction worker, Policework,

technicians, etc.

Physical Macho, Shows sexual prowess, Handsome, Neat, Tall and Muscular, etc.
appearance