Instruction: For Liquid Level, Density, and Interface Level Measurements

Instruction MI 020-328
September 2013
Bubble Tube Installations

For Liquid Level, Density, and Interface Level Measurements
MI 020-328 – September 2013
2
Contents
Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 5
Abbreviations ....................................................................................................................... 5
Principle of Operation .......................................................................................................... 5
Alternative to Bubble Tubes ................................................................................................. 6
Reference Instructions .......................................................................................................... 6
Formulas for Specific Gravity Conversions ........................................................................... 7
For Liquids LIGHTER than Water ................................................................................. 7
For Liquids HEAVIER than Water ................................................................................. 7
For All Liquids ................................................................................................................ 7
Calibration ........................................................................................................................... 7
Calculations .............................................................................................................................. 8
Liquid Level Calculations (Figure 2) ..................................................................................... 8
Interface Calculations (Figure 3 and Figure 4) ...................................................................... 9
With Constant Tank Level (One Bubble Tube) .............................................................. 9
With Varying Tank Level (Two Bubble Tubes) ............................................................... 9
Density Calculations (Figure 5 and Figure 6) ..................................................................... 10
With Constant Tank Level (One Bubble Tube) ............................................................ 10
With Varying Tank Level (Two Bubble Tubes) ............................................................. 11
Installation .............................................................................................................................. 12
Typical Piping Arrangements ............................................................................................. 12
Determination of Length Difference (Dimension “H”) With a Pair of Tubes .................... 12
Piping Parts List ................................................................................................................. 12
Installation Notes ............................................................................................................... 13
Typical Bubble Tube Installations (Figure 8 and Figure 9) ................................................. 14
Tank With One Bubble Tube ....................................................................................... 14
Tank With Two Bubble Tubes ...................................................................................... 15
Typical Side-Connection Installations ................................................................................ 15
Tank With One Bubble Connection At Side Of Tank .................................................. 15
Tank With Two Bubble Connections At Side Of Tank ................................................. 16
Use of a Differential Pressure Regulator ............................................................................. 16
B0107XY Differential Pressure Regulator (Figure 12) ................................................... 17
B0107XX Differential Pressure Regulator (Figure 13) ................................................... 18
Pressure Drop in Air Lines ................................................................................................. 18
Operation ............................................................................................................................... 19
Operating Notes ................................................................................................................. 19
Putting into Operation ....................................................................................................... 19
Formulas to Calculate Output and Pressure Loss .................................................................... 20
Calculating Output for Any Input ...................................................................................... 20
Liquid Level Formula .................................................................................................... 20
Density Formula ............................................................................................................ 21
Interface Level Formula (Figure 14) ............................................................................... 21
Calculating Pressure Loss in Air Line .................................................................................. 22
Calibration .............................................................................................................................. 23
Maintenance ........................................................................................................................... 23
1
MI 020-328 – September 2013 Contents
2
Figures
1 Bubble Tube Functional Diagram ........................................................................................6
2 Liquid Level Calculation ......................................................................................................8
3 Interface Calculation - One Tube .......................................................................................10
4 Interface Calculation - Two Tubes .....................................................................................10
5 Density Calculation - One Tube ........................................................................................11
6 Density Calculation - Two Tubes ......................................................................................12
7 Bubble Tube Notch Details ...............................................................................................13
8 Bubble Tube Installation - One Tube ................................................................................14
9 Bubble Tube Installation - One Tube at Side of Tank .......................................................15
10 Bubble Tube Installation - One Tube at Side of Tank .......................................................15
11 Bubble Tube Installation - Two Tubes at Side of Tank ......................................................16
12 B0107XY Differential Pressure Regulator and Bubble Tube Piping ...................................17
13 B0107XX Differential Pressure Regulator and Bubble Tube Piping ...................................18
14 Interface Level Calculation Calculating Output for any Input ............................................22
15 Bubble Tube Maintenance .................................................................................................24
3
MI 020-328 – September 2013 Figures
4
Introduction
The bubble tube principle of hydrostatic measurement is a convenient, low-cost method of
measuring liquid level, density, or interface level in an open tank. It is particularly applicable for
those installations where:
 Process liquid could crystallize in transmitter lines.
 Process temperature exceeds temperature limit of flange-mounted transmitter.
 Process tank does not have side connections for flange-mounted transmitter.
 Process liquid is corrosive and cannot have direct contact with transmitter.
Abbreviations
The abbreviations below are used in this instruction.
Abbreviation Meaning
LRV Lower-range value (measurement that produces a 4 mA output).
URV Upper-range value (measurement that produces a 20 mA output).
Sp.G. Specific gravity (relative density) of a liquid. Specific gravity of water in
both customary and SI systems is 1.00.
Principle of Operation
Air is passed through a restrictor to a tube partly immersed in a liquid. The lower end of the tube
is at a fixed distance above the bottom of the tank (see Figure 1).
The pressure of the air supply is high enough to overcome the hydrostatic head on the tube, and
the excess pressure appears as small bubbles coming out of the bottom of the tube. Thus, the back
pressure in the tube is a measure of the pressure on the bottom of the tube due to the level of
liquid. Since the position of the tube is fixed, any change in this back pressure is due to a change
in the level of the liquid.
The back pressure is connected to the high-pressure side of the transmitter, and the low- pressure
side is vented. Thus, the differential pressure measured by the transmitter is a measure of the level
of the liquid.
If the level of the liquid is constant (continuous overflow), any change in the transmitter
differential pressure must be due to a change in liquid density or interface level. Thus, density and
interface level can also be measured. If the tank level varies, these measurements can still be made
by using two different-length tubes connected to opposite sides of the transmitter; see Figure 4
and Figure 6.
5
Figure 1. Bubble Tube Functional Diagram
Alternative to Bubble Tubes

If it is impractical to immerse bubble tubes in the tank (because the tank has a mixer and/or
baffles, or because the liquid is corrosive, etc.), the bubbles can be introduced through
connections at the side of the tank. See Figure 10 and Figure 11 for details.
Reference Instructions
Description Document Number

Diff. Press. Regulator MI 011-170
13A, 13H, 15A Transmitters MI 022-345
Density Measurements TI 1-50a
Liquid Interface Level Measurement TI 001-051
Liquid Level Measurements TI 001-052
6
Formulas for Specific Gravity Conversions
For Liquids LIGHTER than Water
Baume : 140 -
Sp.G. = -------------------------
Be + 130
API: 141.5 -
Sp.G. = --------------------------------
API + 131.5
For Liquids HEAVIER than Water
Baume : 140 -
Sp.G. = -------------------------
145 – Be
Twadell: Sp.G. = Tw

----------- + 1
200
For All Liquids

Density [lb/ft3] / 62.4 = Sp.G.
Density [kg/m3] / 1.00 = Sp.G.
Calibration
If measurement range was specified in the sales order, the transmitter was calibrated in the factory
to these values, and these same values are stamped on the transmitter data plate.
If measurement range was not specified, transmitter was calibrated in the factory to maximum
span for the particular sensor installed in the transmitter. In this case, the measurement range area
of the data plate is left blank so that the user can mark the desired calibrated range (in terms of
head of water) himself.
The transmitter must be calibrated to the desired range before putting it into operation. (If the
transmitter was calibrated in factory, the calibration should be checked.) Use the applicable
formula to determine the input pressures (in terms of head of water) corresponding to the desired
measurement limits. Mark these input pressure limits in the applicable area on the transmitter
data plate, and use these values as the calibrating input signals.
7
Calculations
The sections that follow show typical calculations for liquid level measurement, interface
measurement, and density measurement. Interface and density measurements are shown with
both a constant tank level and a varying tank level.
Note that the upper-range and lower-range values (URV and LRV) refer to the desired maximum
and minimum measurements, respectively. The Calibrated Span = URV - LRV. The value of the
suppression is the output at LRV above 0%.
Liquid Level Calculations (Figure 2)

Span = (A)(GL)
Hw at LRV = (B)(GL) = Suppression
Hw at URV = (A + B)(GL)
Calibrated Range = LRV to URV
where:
GL = Sp.G. of Tank Liquid
Hw = Equivalent Head of Water
Example: A = 2.0 m, B = 0.2 m, GL = 0.8
Span = (2.0)(0.8) = 1.60 mH2O
Hw at LRV = (0.2)(0.8) = 0.16 mH2O = Suppression
Hw at URV = (2.0 + 0.2) (0.8) = 1.76 mH2O
Calibrated Range = 0.16 to 1.76 mH2O
Figure 2. Liquid Level Calculation
8
Interface Calculations (Figure 3 and Figure 4)
With Constant Tank Level (One Bubble Tube)

Span = (A)(G2 - G1)
Hw at LRV = (A)(G1) + (B)(G2) = Suppression
Hw at URV = (A + B) (G2)
where:
G1 = Sp.G. of Upper Liquid
G2 = Sp.G. of Lower Liquid
Example: Liquid Sp.G. varies between 0.9 and 1.8; A = 50 inches and B = 10 inches
Span = (50)(1.8 - 0.9) = 45 inH2O
Hw at LRV = (50)(0.9) + (10)(1.8) = 63 inH2O
Hw at URV = (50 + 10)(1.8) = 108 inH2O
Calibrated Range = 63 to 108 inH2O
With Varying Tank Level (Two Bubble Tubes)

Span = (H)(G2 - G1)
Hw at LRV = (H)(G1) = Suppression
Hw at URV = (H)(G2)
where:
G1 = Sp.G. of upper liquid
G2 = Sp.G. of lower liquid
Hw = equivalent head of water
Example: Interface liquid Sp.G. varies between 1.0 and 1.7; and H = 40 inches.
Span = (40)(1.7 - 1.0) = 28 inH2O
Hw at LRV = (40)(1.0) = 40 inH2O = Suppression
Hw at URV = (40)(1.7) = 68 inH2O
9
Figure 3. Interface Calculation - One Tube
Figure 4. Interface Calculation - Two Tubes
Density Calculations (Figure 5 and Figure 6)

With Constant Tank Level (One Bubble Tube)
Span = (A)(G2 - G1)
Hw at LRV = (A)(G1) = Suppression
Hw at URV = (A)(G2)
where:
G1 = Minimum Sp.G.
G2 = Maximum Sp.G.
10
Example: Liquid Sp.G. varies between 1.0 and 1.8; and A = 40 inches.
Span = (40)(1.8 - 1.0) = 32 inH2O
Hw at URV = (40)(1.8) = 72 inH2O
With Varying Tank Level (Two Bubble Tubes)

Span = (H)(G2 - G1)
Hw at LRV = (H)(G1) = Suppression
Hw at URV = (H)(G2)
where:
G1 = Minimum Sp.G.
G2 = Maximum Sp.G.
Example: Liquid Sp.G. varies between 1.2 and 2.0; and H = 40 inches.
Span = (40)(2.0 - 1.2) = 32 inH2O
Hw at URV = (40)(2.0) = 80 inH2O
Figure 5. Density Calculation - One Tube
11
Figure 6. Density Calculation - Two Tubes
Installation
Typical Piping Arrangements
With bubble tube installations, refer to either Figure 8 or Figure 9, as applicable. With side-
connection installations, refer to either Figure 10 or Figure 11, as applicable.
Determination of Length Difference (Dimension “H”) With

a Pair of Tubes
With density measurement, the larger the length difference (dimension “H”) between tubes, the
more accurate the measurement will be. With interface measurement, dimension “H” is the
desired level measurement range.
Physical limitations are set by both the height of the tank and the amount of sludge in the bottom
of the tank. The lower tube should have a minimum of 75 mm (3 in) of clear liquid below it.
Piping Parts List

Transmitter Piping:
Pipe: DN 8 or 1/4 in; or DN 10 or 3/8 in
Tubing: 10x1 mm or 0.25 in OD; or 10x1 mm or 0.375 in OD
Bubble Tubes:
Pipe: DN 8 or 1/4 in; or DN 10 or 3/8 in
Rotameter:
Not supplied by Invensys.
12
Snubbers:
For installation in the process line to reduce or eliminate any unwanted pressure pulsations, 1/4
NPT at both ends.
For gases and thin liquids, see list below.
0045162 Brass, 1500 psi (100 bar)

0045163 303 ss, 5000 psi (340 bar)
For oils and thick liquids, see list below.
0044596 Brass 1500 psi (100 bar)

0044597 303 ss, 5000 psi (340 bar)
Differential Pressure Regulator

Foxboro Type 62V (Part B0107XY), or
Foxboro Type 63BD (Part B0107XX).
Installation Notes
1. Bubble tube and transmitter piping is supplied by user.
2. There should be a minimum of 75 mm (3 inches) of clear liquid (no sediment) below
the bottom of the tube. With two-tube installations, there should also be a minimum
of 75 mm (3 inches) of liquid above the upper tube.
3. Bubble tube assembly should be located in area of representative liquid, and where
liquid agitation is at a minimum.
4. Bubble tube assembly must be rigidly fixed in position.
5. Bottom of bubble tubes to be notched so that air comes out in a steady stream of small
bubbles (rather than an intermittent stream of large bubbles, which could introduce
errors). See Figure 7 for details of this notching. (Not applicable for side-connection
installations.)
Figure 7. Bubble Tube Notch Details
13
6. Condition of air (temperature, moisture content, etc.) must be compatible with

process liquid.
7. If air reacts with process liquid, an inert gas (such as nitrogen) can be used.
8. A differential pressure regulator may be desirable to limit use of air.
9. The rotameter needle valve should not be used for tight shut off. A hand valve should
be installed upstream to permit servicing or for complete shut-off of purge medium
when desired.
10. If purge supply is higher than the maximum rating of the rotameter or differential
regulator, or the purge supply pressure varies greatly, install a pressure regulator
downstream from the shut off valve.
Typical Bubble Tube Installations (Figure 8 and Figure 9)
Tank With One Bubble Tube

(Liquid Level; Density or Interface with Constant Level)
Figure 8. Bubble Tube Installation - One Tube
14
Tank With Two Bubble Tubes

(Density or Interface with Varying Level)
Figure 9. Bubble Tube Installation - One Tube at Side of Tank
Typical Side-Connection Installations
Tank With One Bubble Connection At Side Of Tank

(Liquid Level; Density or Interface with Constant Level)
Figure 10. Bubble Tube Installation - One Tube at Side of Tank
15
Tank With Two Bubble Connections At Side Of Tank

(Density or Interface with Varying Level)
Figure 11. Bubble Tube Installation - Two Tubes at Side of Tank
Use of a Differential Pressure Regulator

It may be desirable to use one or two differential pressure regulators in the piping to limit the use
of air. The regulator maintains a fixed difference between the output pressure of the regulator and
a varying lower pressure.
In a bubble tube measuring system, if the tank level is high, or if the ends of the bubble tubes tend
to clog, the pressure delivered to the bubble tube may not be high enough to generate bubbles.
Or, if the tank level falls, the pressure may be so high that large bubbles are produced and air is
wasted. Thus, with both situations incorrect measurements can result.
However, if a differential pressure regulator is used, the bubble system supply pressure will
automatically vary to adjust for changing tank conditions. Thus, desirable small bubbles are
produced (with more accurate measurement readings), and purge air is minimized.
If two bubble tubes (or two side tank connections) are used, either one regulator can be used as a
common regulated air supply, or a regulator can be used in each line for better bubble control and
highest economy of air usage. See Figure 12 and Figure 13 for piping details.
The two regulators in the table below are available from Foxboro.
16
Type and Part Number

Type 62V Type 63BD
Parameter B0107XY B0107XX
Differential Pressure (fixed) 10.3 kPa 20.7 kPa
1.5 psi 3.0 psi
Maximum Input Pressure 690 kPa 1720 kPa
100 psi 250 psi
Exhaust Flow Rate 0.03 m3/h None
(at standard conditions) 0.9 ft3 /h None
Maximum Temperature 65°C 80°C
150°F 180°F
Liquid Purge No Yes
B0107XY Differential Pressure Regulator (Figure 12)
Figure 12. B0107XY Differential Pressure Regulator and Bubble Tube Piping
17
B0107XX Differential Pressure Regulator (Figure 13)
Figure 13. B0107XX Differential Pressure Regulator and Bubble Tube Piping
Pressure Drop in Air Lines

If the air must flow through a considerable length of pipe or tubing to the transmitter, or if the
flow of air is excessive, there will be some pressure loss. Any pressure loss will cause incorrect
readings.
One method to determine if a pressure loss exists is to install test gauges at each end of the line
going to the transmitter, and compare readings. To calculate the loss in pressure, see “To Calculate
Pressure Loss in Air Line” section that follows.
18
(With one-tube installations, a quick check for pressure loss is to momentarily turn off the air
supply and note if there is any change in transmitter output.)
If a significant pressure loss exists, reduce the air flow, and/or use a larger size line, and/or move
the transmitter nearer the bubble tube.
Operation
Operating Notes
1. Function of restrictor is to control flow of air. This is accomplished with needle valve
on bottom of rotameter (except if Type 62V differential pressure regulator [B0107XY]
is used). Use this needle valve to adjust air flow for optimum small bubble size.
If Type 62V regulator (B0107XY) is used, needle valve on regulator is used to adjust
flow of air.
2. To prevent measurement errors, open ends of the tubes should always be covered with
tank liquid.
3. With interface measurement, maximum level must be below open end of upper tube;
minimum level must be above open end of lower tube.
4. If range is to be changed, transmitter must be recalibrated to new range. Dimension
“H” may require changing for new range.
5. Needle valve on rotameter should not be used as a system air shutoff; instead use
upstream valve at air supply to system.
6. Do not allow level of liquid to fall below bottom of bubble tube (or tank connection).
7. Check all connections for leaks.
Putting into Operation

If transmitter is not calibrated to the desired range, it must be calibrated before starting this
procedure.
After system is installed, adjust the process liquid (level or density) so that the measurement is at
some point on scale. Then complete this procedure before operating the system.
1. If transmitter is not equipped with the optional output indicator, connect an indicator
in transmitter output loop to read output.
2. Turn on air supply and adjust flow of air as follows. (If system does not have a
differential pressure regulator, tank liquid must be at URV.)
System With Type 62V Differential Pressure Regulator (Part B0107XY)
Fully open rotameter needle valve (at bottom of rotameter). Adjust regulator needle
valve (at bottom of body) so that small bubbles come out of tube in a slow, steady
stream.
All Other Systems
Adjust rotameter needle valve (at bottom of rotameter) so that small bubbles come out
of tube in a slow, steady stream.
19
3. If, in Step 2, the bubbles are not visible (because of tank location, type of liquid, etc.),
using the applicable air adjustments specified in Step 2, gradually increase flow of air
while noting output of transmitter. Keep increasing air flow as long as output
increases. At point where output stops increasing, increase air flow slightly.
4. With a one-tube installation, make the “pressure drop” test described in previous
section. If significant error exists, make necessary corrections.
If transmitter has been calibrated correctly, this completes the procedure; otherwise
proceed to Steps 5, 6, and 7 (reference adjustment). Note that the accuracy of the
measuring device in Step 5, will probably be less than that of the transmitter; this may
degrade the accuracy of the transmitter.
5. Using a suitable measuring device (such as a dipstick with level application or a
hydrometer with density application), determine actual measurement of liquid.
6. Using applicable formula listed in the section that follows, calculate transmitter
output corresponding to tank measurement.
7. Adjust transmitter zero to get correct output. If necessary, also adjust zero reading of
receiver.
Formulas to Calculate Output and Pressure Loss

Calculating Output for Any Input
The formulas that follow are for various types of transmitters as listed in the table below.
Transmitter Output Value of “X” Value of “Y”

4 to 20 mA 16 mA 4 mA
10 to 50 mA 40 mA 10 mA
3 to15 psi 12 psi 3 psi
20 to 100 kPa 80 kPa 20 kPa
In using these formulas, the transmitter must already be calibrated to the desired range. If the
transmitter has not been calibrated (or if the calibration is to be changed), complete the
calibration first. Use the applicable formula to determine the input pressures (in terms of head of
water) corresponding to the desired measurement limits. Mark these input pressure limits in the
applicable areas on the transmitter data plate.
Liquid Level Formula
Actual Level – Min. Level

Output =  X   -------------------------------------------------------------- + Y
 Max. Level – Min. Level 
Example: Transmitter with 4 to 20 mA Output and:

Actual Level = 30 linear inches above bubble tube
20
Min. Level = 10 linear inches above bubble tube

Max. Level = 90 linear inches above bubble tube
Therefore,
30 – 10
Output =  16   ------------------ + 4 = 8.0 mA
 90 – 10
Density Formula
Actual Sp.G. – Min. Sp.G.

Output =  X   ----------------------------------------------------------------- + Y
 Max. Sp.G. – Min. Sp.G. 
Example: Transmitter with 10 to 50 mA Output and:

Actual Sp.G. = 1.0
Min. Sp.G. = 0.6
Max. Sp.G. = 1.4
Therefore,
1.0 – 0.6
Output =  40   --------------------- + 10 = 30 mA
 1.4 – 0.6
Interface Level Formula (Figure 14)
Output =  X   -------------------------------------------------------------- + Y
Actual Interface Level
 Maximum Interface Level
Example: Transmitter with 3 to 15 psi Output and:

A = 5 linear inches above lower tube
H = 20 linear inches
Output =  12   ------ + 3 = 6 psi

5
 20
21
Figure 14. Interface Level Calculation Calculating Output for any Input
Calculating Pressure Loss in Air Line

The pressure loss in a line varies with the flow, the ID of the line, and the length of the line. The
equation to determine the pressure loss is:
P = (K)(F)(L)
where:
P = Pressure drop, inH2O (or mmH2O)
F = Flow, ft3/h (or m3h)
L = Length of Line/1000, feet (or m)
K = Constant
The following table combines the line ID and other factors into one overall constant, K.
Type of Line Line Size Line ID Value of K

ANSI Pipe 1/8 in 0.269 in 3.0
1/4 in 0.364 in 0.9
3/8 in 0.493 in 0.27
1/2 in 0.622 in 0.105
3/4 in 0.824 in 0.035
22
Type of Line Line Size Line ID Value of K

ANSI Tubing 1/8 in 0.125 in 70.0
3/16in 0.188 in 12.5
1/4 in 0.25 in 4.0
1/2 in 0.50 in 0.245
3/4 in 0.75 in 0.050
1 in 1.0 in 0.016
If the ID of the actual pipe used is not listed in the table above, use the formula below to calculate
the approximate value of K.
K = 1/(62)(ID)4 [with line ID in inches]
If the measurements are in the SI system (line ID in mm, line length in meters, and flow in m3/h),
then use the following formula to calculate K.
KSI units = (65.9/ID)4
Example 1: Determine pressure loss in a 20 foot length of 1/8 pipe due to an air flow of 4 scfh.
K = 3.0 for 1/8 in pipe (from the table)
P = (K)(F)(L) = (3.0)(4)(20/1000)
P = 0.24 inH2O
Example 2: Determine pressure loss in a 10 meter length of 5 mm ID pipe due to an air flow of
0.1 m3/h.
KSI units = (65.9/ID)4 = (65.9/5)4 = 30176
P = (K)(F)(L) = (30176)(0.1)(10/1000)
P = 30 mmH2O
Calibration
In general, follow the calibrating procedures outlined in the appropriate transmitter instructions.
If desired, instead of using air pressures as calibrating signals, these signals can be generated by
varying the level (or density) of the tank liquid to values at or near each end of the range. Use the
calibrating values stamped on the data plate; or if the range is to be changed, calculate the new
values. In this way, the transmitter can be calibrated without removing it from the process.
Maintenance
Use applicable reference instructions listed on page 2 when servicing the transmitter, rotameter, or
differential pressure regulator.
If there is any tendency for solids to crystallize in the bubble tubes, or if dirt tends to collect there,
remove the cleanout plugs and push a rod down through the tubes and/or flush with a suitable
liquid. Perform as often as required.
23
Figure 15. Bubble Tube Maintenance
ISSUE DATES
SEP 1988
SEP 2013
Vertical lines to the right of text or illustrations indicate areas changed at last issue date.
Invensys Invensys and Foxboro, are trademarks of Invensys plc,
10900 Equity Drive its subsidiaries, and affiliates.
Houston, TX 77041 All other brand names may be trademarks of their
United States of America respective owners.
http://www.invensys.com
Global Customer Support

Inside U.S.: 1-866-746-6477 Copyright 1988-2013 Invensys Systems, Inc.
Outside U.S.: 1-508-549-2424 or contact All rights reserved
your local Invensys representative.
Website: http://support.ips.invensys.com MB 100 0913

Instruction: For Liquid Level, Density, and Interface Level Measurements

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Instruction MI 020-328

Bubble Tube Installations

Figure 1. Bubble Tube Functional Diagram

Alternative to Bubble Tubes

Description Document Number

Formulas for Specific Gravity Conversions

For Liquids LIGHTER than Water

For Liquids HEAVIER than Water

Twadell: Sp.G. = Tw

For All Liquids

Liquid Level Calculations (Figure 2)

Figure 2. Liquid Level Calculation

Interface Calculations (Figure 3 and Figure 4)

With Constant Tank Level (One Bubble Tube)

With Varying Tank Level (Two Bubble Tubes)

Figure 3. Interface Calculation - One Tube

Figure 4. Interface Calculation - Two Tubes

Density Calculations (Figure 5 and Figure 6)

With Varying Tank Level (Two Bubble Tubes)

Figure 5. Density Calculation - One Tube

Figure 6. Density Calculation - Two Tubes

Determination of Length Difference (Dimension “H”) With

Piping Parts List

0045162 Brass, 1500 psi (100 bar)

For oils and thick liquids, see list below.

0044596 Brass 1500 psi (100 bar)

Differential Pressure Regulator

Figure 7. Bubble Tube Notch Details

6. Condition of air (temperature, moisture content, etc.) must be compatible with

Typical Bubble Tube Installations (Figure 8 and Figure 9)

Tank With One Bubble Tube

Figure 8. Bubble Tube Installation - One Tube

Tank With Two Bubble Tubes

Figure 9. Bubble Tube Installation - One Tube at Side of Tank

Typical Side-Connection Installations

Tank With One Bubble Connection At Side Of Tank

Figure 10. Bubble Tube Installation - One Tube at Side of Tank

Tank With Two Bubble Connections At Side Of Tank

Figure 11. Bubble Tube Installation - Two Tubes at Side of Tank

Use of a Differential Pressure Regulator

Type and Part Number

B0107XY Differential Pressure Regulator (Figure 12)

B0107XX Differential Pressure Regulator (Figure 13)

Pressure Drop in Air Lines

Putting into Operation

Formulas to Calculate Output and Pressure Loss

Transmitter Output Value of “X” Value of “Y”

Liquid Level Formula

Actual Level – Min. Level

Example: Transmitter with 4 to 20 mA Output and:

Min. Level = 10 linear inches above bubble tube

Actual Sp.G. – Min. Sp.G.

Example: Transmitter with 10 to 50 mA Output and:

Interface Level Formula (Figure 14)

Example: Transmitter with 3 to 15 psi Output and:

Output =  12   ------ + 3 = 6 psi

Calculating Pressure Loss in Air Line

Type of Line Line Size Line ID Value of K

Type of Line Line Size Line ID Value of K

Figure 15. Bubble Tube Maintenance

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