DECLARATION

This is to certify that the work reported in the present project entitled
“Advanced Regenrative braking Along with ABS in a Hybrid Vehicle” is a
record of work done by us in the Department of Electrical and Renewable
Energy, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, J & K. The reports are
based on the project work done entirely by us and not copied from any other
source.

Mr. Nassar Ali Baig Mr. Mudassar Azaz

25-ERE-15 30-ERE-15

Mr. Asif Iqbal Mr. Abdul Haleem

30-ERE-15 40-ERE-15
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to express our sincere gratitude and indebtedness to our

project supervisor Mr. Yassar Arafat for his valuable suggestions and interest
throughout the course of this project.
We are also thankful to the Head of the Department, Mr. Shafqat Mughal
for providing excellent infrastructure and a nice atmosphere for completing this
project successfully.
We convey our heartfelt thanks to the lab staff for allowing us to use the
required equipment whenever needed.
Finally, we would like to take this opportunity to thank our family for their
support throughout the work. We sincerely acknowledge and thank all those who
gave directly or indirectly their support in completion of this work.

Mr. Nassar Ali Baig Mr. Mudassar Azaz

25-ERE-15 30-ERE-15

Mr. Asif Iqbal Mr. Abdul Haleem

33-ERE-15 40-ERE-15
 Table of Contents

Chapter I: Introduction 01
Introduction to the project 01
Basic idea behind the project 02

Introduction to various technologies used 02

1.3.1 GSM (900A) 02

Arduino Uno (ATMEGA328) 06

Environment sensors 11

Chapter II: Proposed Technique 16

Block diagram of field monitoring system 16
Circuit diagram of field monitoring system 17

Introduction to various modules used 17

Soil moisture sensor 17
DHT11(Digital humidity and temperature sensor) 18

Motion sensor 19
LED’s (Light emitting diodes) 21

Chapter III: Hardware Used and Their Description 23

Components used 23
Description of components 23
Resistors 23
Variable resistors 24

Capacitors 25
Transistor-BC547 27

Voltage Regulator 28
Relay 30
Appliance connector 31
Crystal oscillator 31
 LCD (Liquid crystal display) 32

Buzzer 34
DC motor 35
Diode 36
Solar panel 37

12V Battery 37
Connecting wires 38

Chapter IV: Working and Observation 39

Working of the project 39
Working of various sections 41

Motion detector 41
Humidity and temperature sensor 41
Soil moisture sensor and pumping operation 42

GSM module 44

Chapter V: Advantages and Applications 45

Advantages 45
Applications 45
Future scope 46

Conclusion 47

Appendix A 48

 Programming code of arduino Uno ATMEGA328 48

 References 57
 List of Figures

Figures Page No.

Fig.1.1 GSM module 03
Fig. 1.2 Pictorial view of sim900A 05
Fig.1.3 Arduino Uno 07
Fig.1.4 Soil moisture sensor 11
Fig.1.5 Moisture sensor board 12
Fig. 1.6 DHT11 13
Fig. 2.1 Block diagram of field monitoring system 16
Fig. 2.2 Circuit diagram of field monitoring system 17
Fig. 2.3 Soil moisture sensor 18
Fig. 2.4 Motion Sensor 19
Fig. 2.5 Working of motion sensor 20
Fig. 2.6 LED’s 22
Fig. 3.1 Fixed resistor 24
Fig.3.2 Variable resistors 25
Fig. 3.3 Electrolytic capacitors 26
Fig. 3.4 Ceramic capacitors 27
Fig. 3.5 Variable capacitors 27
Fig.3.6 BC-547 Transistor 28
Fig.3.7 Positive and negative voltage regulator 29
Fig.3.8 7805-Voltage regulator 29
Fig.3.9 SPDT Relay 30
Fig.3.10 Appliance connector 31
Fig.3.11 Crystal oscillator 32
Fig.3.12 LCD display 33
Fig.3.13 Buzzer 34
Fig.3.14 DC motor 35
Fig.3.15 Diode 36
Fig.3.16 Solar panel 37
Fig.3.17 12V Battery 38
Fig.3.18 Connecting wires 38
Fig.4.1 Prototype of field monitoring system 40
Fig.4.2 Prototype when turned ON 40
Fig.4.3 LCD displaying motion detection 41
Fig.4.5 LCD displaying humidity, temperature and moisture 42
Fig. 4.6 Messages delivered to the owner 44
 Abstract

This project aims to establish