Final Thesis

CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY- ANDREWS CAMPUS PAGE 1
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN PROTECTION DESK

PROGRAM: THE TUGUEGARAO CITY PNP WCPD EXPERIENCE
A Thesis
Submitted to
College of Business, Entrepreneurship, and Accountancy
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
Andrews Campus
In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the degree
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN LEGAL MANAGEMENT
By:
AQUINO, DIANNE HANNALY B.
BARTOLOME, JESSICA P.
BIO, JC KING
LUMIDO, JESSICA P.
QUILANG, JADE MARIELLE E.

Certificate of Originality
We hereby declare that this submission is our own work, and that to the best of our
knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another
person nor material to which a substantial extent has been accepted for award of any other
degree or diploma of a university or other institute of higher learning, except where due
acknowledgment is made in the text.
We also declare that the intellectual content of this thesis is a product of our work,
even though we may have received assistance from others on style, presentation and
language expression.
Aquino, Dianne Hannaly B.

Bartolome, Jessica P.
Bio, JC King
Lumido, Jessica P.
Quilang, Jade Marielle E.
Candidates
Jaypee G. Alegado, MBA

Adviser
February 07, 2019

Certificate of Approval for Oral Defense
This thesis entitled

prepared and submitted by Dianne Hannaly Aquino, Jessica Bartolome, JC King Bio,
Jessica Lumido, and Jade Marielle Quilang, has been ACCEPTED AND APPROVED for
Oral Examination, for the fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of
Science in Legal Management.
CHONA P. AGUSTIN, DPA

Adviser
JAYPEE G. ALEGADO, MBA

Thesis Coordinator, BS in Legal Management
ADVISER’S GRADE: _______

(written and countersigned)
Date: _______
CERTIFICATION FROM CRITIC TEACHER
February 07, 2019
This is to certify that I reviewed, corrected, and analysed the drafts and manuscript
of the research study entitled, “THE IMPLEMENTATION OF WOMEN AND
CHILDREN PROTECTION DESK PROGRAM: THE TUGUEGARAO CITY PNP
WCPD EXPERIENCE” conducted and prepared by DIANNE HANNALY AQUINO,
JESSICA BARTOLOME, JC KING BIO, JESSICA LUMIDO, and JADE
MARIELLE QUILANG, for the fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor
of Science in Legal Management Program.
This certification was issued to the researchers upon required for whatever legal
and academic purposes it may serve.
Approved by:
MARIBEL F. MALANA, Ph.D.

Critic Teacher
Approval Sheet
This thesis titled

prepared and submitted by DIANNE HANNALY AQUINO, JESSICA BARTOLOME,
JC KING BIO, JESSICA LUMIDO, and JADE MARIELLE QUILANG , has been
accepted and approved as partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Bachelor
of Science in Legal Management Program.
CHONA P. AGUSTIN, DPA

Adviser
PANEL OF EXAMINERS
Approved by the Panel of Examiners with a grade of ____ on February ______.
_________________________________
Chair
_____________________________ _____________________________
Member Member
Dean Antonia Josefa A. Taguinod, MBM

College Dean
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page 1
Certificate of Originality 2
Certificate of Approval for Oral Defense 3
Certification from Critic Teacher 4
Approval Sheet 5
Table of Contents 6-8
Acknowledgement 9-10
Dedication 11-12
Abstract 13-14
Chapter 1: The Problem and its Background 15-25

Introduction 15-18
Statement of the Problem 19-20
Theoretical Framework 20-21
Paradigm of the Study 22
Significance of the Study 22-23
Scope and Delimitations of the Study 23-24
Definition of Terms 24-25
Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature and Studies 26-39

Foreign Literature 26-28
Local Literature 29-31
Foreign Studies 31-34
Local Studies 34-38
Synthesis of the Foregoing 38-39
Chapter 3: Research Methodology 40-45

Research Design 40
Locale of the Study 40
Research Informants and Sampling Design 41
Statistical Tool 41-42
Interview 43
Research Procedure 43-44
Ethics Statement 44-45
Chapter 4: Presentation, Interpretation, and Analysis of Data 46-57

Table 1. Frequency and Percentage Distribution as to Age 46-47
Table 2. Frequency and Percentage Distribution as to 47
Civil Status
Table 3. Frequency and Percentage Distribution as to 47-48
Educational Qualification
Table 4. Frequency and Percentage Distribution as to 48-49
Appropriate Eligibility
Table 5. Frequency and Percentage Distribution as to 49
Number of Years in Service
Table 6. Trainings and Seminars Attended 50
Table 7. Item Mean of the Extent of Responsiveness 50-52
to Intervention Measures
Table 8. Item Mean of the Degree of Problems 52-54
Encountered by the TCWCPD
Table 9. Secondary Data 54
Interview 54-57
Chapter 5: Summary of Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations 58-64

Summary of Findings 58-60
Conclusions 60-61
Recommendations 61-64
Bibliography 65-66
Appendices 67-73
Curriculum Vitae 74-76
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We extend our profound gratitude with deepest sincerity and appreciation to all the
people that made this research study possible especially their comments that greatly
improved the manuscript. Work on this research study will not be probable without the
direction and support from people herein who have contributed in the success of our
research study.
To Prof. Antonia Josefa Taguinod, Dean of College of Business, Entrepreneurship,
and Accountancy, as well as the faculty of CBEA for their encouragement, support,
patience, and advices that greatly helped the researchers to put this work into a reality;
To our thesis coordinator Prof. Jaypee G. Alegado for his warm-hearted support,
valuable information and guidance, which helped us in completing this task through
innumerable stages;
To our thesis adviser, Prof. Chona P. Agustin whose help, stimulating, suggestions,
knowledge, experience and encouragement helped us in all times of study and analysis of
the project. Under her intellectual guidance, we found the passion of doing academic
research and the guts of facing ups and downs of the process, for supporting us enormously
by providing us with constructive criticism and comments that improved our research
study;
To our critic teacher, Prof. Maribel F. Malana, thank you for extending your help
to give critic to our thesis study. Without you, this research will not be fully polished;
To our informants for their cooperation in making our research work. Their
attendance gave the biggest part to us. Without them, there would be no data to be collected
and no result will be presented;
To our families who supported us all throughout in this study, for their unending
love and for the moral, financial, and spiritual support for giving us the inspiration to
always do the best, thank you so much. This work will always be dedicated to you;
Above everyone and everything else, to our Almighty God, who made everything
possible, we would like to thank You for giving us the assurance that we will surely succeed
in everything we do.
DEDICATION
This piece of art is dedicated to my family especially to my younger brother and
younger sister who have cheered me up and made me smile whenever I face a downfall.
Also, to my mama and papa who unfailingly sacrificed half of their lives just to let me
finish my education. I also dedicate this study to my circle of friends, who, even if few, has
always been truly there for me. – Dianne Hannaly Aquino
I dedicate this to my family and friends. A special feeling of gratitude to my loving
parents, Mama Edith and Papa Jonjon, whose words of encouragement and push for
tenacity ring in my ears. I also dedicate this thesis to my friends and family who have
supported me throughout the process. All of you have been my best cheerleaders in my
journey. - Jessica Bartolome
This study is wholeheartedly dedicated to my beloved parents who have been a
source of inspiration and gave me strength when I thought of giving up, who continually
provide their moral, spiritual, emotional, and financial support. To my brothers, sisters,
relatives, mentor, friends, and classmates who shared their words of advice and
encouragement to finish this study and of course to my groupmates, Dianne, Jessica, Jade,
and Barts, for their cooperation. Lastly, I dedicate this study to our Almighty God. Thank
You for the guidance. - JC King Bio
I dedicate this study to my family and friends for being there, sharing this endeavour
with me and also whenever I needed a shoulder to lean on. To my friends and fellow
members, for without them it could be impossible for us to complete this study. - Jessica
Lumido
First of all, I am very thankful to our Almighty God for giving us strength, courage,
and ability to finish this research study in spite of various conflicts. I dedicate this thesis
for all the female and children who are victims of VAWC and other forms of abuses. I also
dedicate this study to my family who has always been there to bring out the best in me.
Thank you to my mama, papa, and younger brother, for the inspiration love, and
motivation. Without you, I won’t be able to fight my battles in life. And to my friends and
special someone, thank you for inspiring me. – Jade Marielle Quilang
ABSTRACT
Title: THE IMPLEMENTATION OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN PROTECTION

DESK PROGRAM: THE TUGUEGARAO CITY PNP WCPD EXPERIENCE
Degree : Bachelor of Science in Legal Management
Institution : Cagayan State University- Andrews Campus
Researchers : Dianne Hannaly Aquino, Jessica Bartolome, JC King Bio, Jessica
Lumido, Jade Marielle Quilang
Adviser : Dr. Chona P. Agustin, DPA
The implementation of women and children protection desk program as well as the
experience of the Tuguegarao City PNP WCPD is one of the important queries that may
bother us right now. Women and children abuses are rampant nowadays and the only
concern of this research is to find out as to whether or not the desk officers in-charge with
the said implementation are responsive enough in dealing with the cases that are brought
upon their office. It is a must to gain answers to this kind of issue because the silence of
the Women and Children Protection Desk Program will affect the citizen’s mindset. With
the help of this kind of program by the government, we will be able to know how these
police or desk officers act in their duties and responsibilities. Specifically, to be able to
know the personal and demographic profile of the female desk officers in terms of age,
civil status, educational qualification, appropriate eligibility, number of years in service,
and trainings and seminars attended. Also, we have determined through this research their
extent of responsiveness to intervention measures and the degree of problems encountered
by them in the WCPD office since this will massively affect their implementation and
experience. In order to give justification to the study, Descriptive Analysis such as

percentages, means, and frequency counts was used to analyze the profile of the
respondents in terms of age, civil status, educational qualification, appropriate eligibility,
number of years in service, and trainings attended. Each item was evaluated through
determination of the weighted mean and using Five-point Likert Scale. A secondary data
was also shown to support the findings regarding the implementation process and an
interview was conducted. Our informants were the female desk officers in-charge in the
office. It was shown that the extent of responsiveness to intervention measures was
interpreted as very responsive and the degree of problems they encountered in the office
were interpreted as not serious but as to the victims, the degree is moderately serious.
Adoption of a program of instruction designed for a more comprehensive formal training
from among the female police personnel assigned at the said police unit to ensure the
continuous enhancement and development of human resources at WCPD can be made.
Conducting more seminars in different barangays here in Tuguegarao City and house-to-
house visit to talk with the families regarding the rights of women and children may also
be possible. Using the social media as tool to disseminate information will be one of the
effective ways to disseminate information and reports regarding the implementation in their
office.
Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
INTRODUCTION
Humanity has been used to living in a community where stereotyping is evident in
the sense that those who are branded as weak are deprived more of how essential they are
and those who are labeled as strong shall dominate the society. The marking of two
divisions (weak and strong) in the general public has evolved as years pass by and the
evolution had resulted in creating more boundaries in the relationship of humankind.
One relationship that may be affected because of these boundaries is the family
connection. At times, the family may have been bombarded with challenges that may
strengthen or weaken them. These challenges include the economical, physical, and
emotional conflicts. Economic difficulties may include the lack of either or both of the
parents’ capability to sustain or suffice their family. This may be the root cause for the
family to heat up with arguments, especially the mother and father. In this case, their
children may be affected. As a result, they may end up combating each other to the extent
that the father might beat up his wife or involve the child to the maltreatment. Poverty may
also give rise to physical abuses. This has been evident in the current status quo of our
society.
Humphreys (2007) posits that a problem has risen in Western countries responding
to domestic abuse whereby the safety of children is considered to have been secured by a
referral or notification to the statutory child protection authority. In countries where there
is mandatory reporting and domestic abuse is specified, child protection systems have been
overwhelmed.
According to the World Economic Forum’s Gender Gap (2014), the Philippines has
been among the world’s most gender-fair countries since 2006. It also ranked 9th globally
and topped all of Asia in terms of women’s participation in economy, education, health,
and political empowerment. But the number of VAW cases reported to the Philippine
National Police has increased by over 500% in the past 16 years.
The 1987 Constitution of the Philippines have provided us the rights of women and
children to which the state inherently recognizes. Some of the provisions include Article II
Section 12 which reads that, “the State recognizes the sanctity of family life and shall
protect and strengthen the family as a basic autonomous social institution. It shall equally
protect the life of the mother, and the life of the unborn from conception. The natural and
primary right and duty of parents in the rearing of youth for civic efficiency and
development of moral character shall receive the aid and support of the government.
Another provision is Article II Section 13 which states that, “the state recognizes the vital
role of the youth in nation building, and shall promote and protect their physical, moral,
spiritual, intellectual and social well-being. It shall inculcate in the youth patriotism and
nationalism and encourage their involvement in public and civic affairs. Same as Section
14 of the same article which provides that, “state shall recognize the role of women in
nation building and shall ensure the fundamental equality before the law of women and
men.”
Aligned with these are the facts that the Congress needs to sustain and ensure that
the rights of women and children are protected and so they came up with creating laws or
statutes that would protect the women and children. The legal basis of this study which is
included in the salient provisions of R.A. 8551, otherwise known as the “Police Reform
and Reorganization Law,” provides among others that (Section 57, Title II), “the Philippine
National Police (PNP) shall established women’s desk in all police stations throughout the
country to administer and attend to cases involving crimes against chastity, sexual
harassment, abuses committed against women and children and other similar offenses.
Provided, that the municipalities and cities presently without policewomen will have two
(2) years upon the effectivity of the said act within which to comply with the requirement
of the provision of said law, and (Section 58, Title II), “within the next five (5) years, the
PNP shall prioritize the recruitment and training of women who shall serve in the women’s
desk. Pursuant to this requirement, the PNP shall reserve ten percent (10%) of its annual
recruitment, training, and education quota for women (R.A. 8551). Another legal basis is
the General Orders Number DPL 07-03 dated October 15, 2007, National Headquarters,
Philippine National Police, Camp Crame, Quezon City.
The study on the Implementation of Women and Children Protection Desk
Program: The Tuguegarao City PNP Experience focuses on uncovering the truth as regards
how the women and children police desk officers of PNP Tuguegarao respond with the
cases brought to them concerning the violence or abuses against women and children and
any other maltreatment that the victims are experiencing, how the desk officers deal with
the victims, and the intervention measures that are to be made by the officers themselves.
The researchers have come up with investigating this idea because of the prevalence
of abuses, maltreatment, and violence against our women by their husband or live-in
partners as well as in being concerned with the state of their children who are assaulted.
We wanted to dig in to the reality of the implementation to find out whether or not the
programs and services are effectively and efficiently executed by the desk officers to be
able to conform with the laws protecting the women and children.
We, the researchers, therefore find this study necessary to investigate because it
will help us be mindful if the desk officers conduct a timely, thorough and comprehensive
investigation of all cases involving violence against women and their children, committed
within their respective area of responsibility, consistent with domestic laws, rules, and
regulations, and international human rights standards. In addition to that, we will be able
to see if they are observing the rules and procedures as provided in Section 48 of the
Implementing Rules and Regulations of RA 9262 (Anti-Violence Against Women and
Their Children At of 2004). Moreover, we will be cognizant with the information regarding
the number of abuses here in Tuguegarao City based on the cases brought to the WCPD,
whether or not abuse is prevalent, and most especially to scrutinize if the female desk
officers are executing their duties and responsibilities as well as in doing their endeavors
well in implementing the programs and services for women and children as provided by
the law.
Bearing in mind the fact that the WCPD had just recently upgraded, and it is still
on the process of polishing such operations of this type of policing activities guided by
the truth that their chief concern is promoting welfare to both women and children as well
as in protecting their rights. We cannot deny the fact that their programs and services is
not free from certain factors that could give rise to problems which would affect their
operations. Therefore, this study has emanated.

Statement of the Problem
Generally, this study aimed to investigate the Implementation of Women and
Children Protection Desk Program and Services in Tuguegarao City Police Station.
Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:
1. What is the personal and demographic profile of the PNP Tuguegarao WCPD desk
officers in terms of:
1.1 Age
1.2 Civil Status
1.3 Educational Qualification
1.4 Appropriate Eligibility
1.5 Number of months/years in the service
1.6 Trainings/seminars attended
2. What are the common violations brought before the Tuguegarao City Women and
Children Protection Desk?
3. What is the extent of the responsiveness to intervention measures of the TCWCPD as
regards the following services:
3.1 Conduct of Interview and Investigation
3.2 Arrest and Apprehension
3.3 Preventive Measures
3.4 Confidentiality of Police Blotter, Records, and Reports

4. What is the degree of problems encountered by the TCWCPD officers in the
implementation of the program or services in the protection of the victims as to the
following:
4.1 Physical Facilities
4.2 Interview and Investigation Process
4.3 Victims
5. What are the recommendations to strengthen or improve the TCWCPD?
Theoretical Framework
This study utilized the sociological and psychological theories. A sociological
standpoint places domestic violence within a macro model of society because violence is
perceived as an outcome of social factors. A psychological outlook, on the other hand,
accounts for violence within a micro level of society which means that violence is
attributed to such individual factors as forcefulness, recklessness and paranoia.
Bandura’s Social Learning Theory
Bandura’s social learning theory posits that people learn from one another via
observation, imitation and modeling. The theory has often been called a bridge between
behaviorist and cognitive learning theories because it encompasses attention, memory, and
motivation. For Bandura, people learn through observing others’ behaviors, attitudes, and
outcomes of those behaviors. Most human behavior is learned observationally through
modeling: from observing others, one forms an idea of how new behaviors are performed,
and on later occasions this coded information serves as guide for action. In connection with
our study, the social learning theory explains the behavior of the perpetrator and how they
execute violence against women and children because of reciprocal determinism present in
the aforementioned theory. This means that a person’s behavior can cause another because
of the imitation and influence done by people to another. When people perceive that such
act could be done since it has been done by other people, i.e. abusing women and children
which is a prevalent situation, then the person influenced will also do it to other people.
Feminist Perspectives
Wife abuse is the result of an imbalance of power between men and women.
Feminists have asserted that through time, women have been subjugated by the greater
patriarchal society that has placed limits on their opportunities and left them vulnerable to
a number of abuses. The “cycle of violence” theory describes the dynamics of an abusive
relationship. It is based on the premise that women are not constantly being abused, and
that their willingness to remain in an abusive relationship is related to cyclical fluctuations
between periods of abuse and relatively peaceful coexistence. The theory also explains how
women become victimized, how they fall into “learned helplessness” behavior, and why
they do not attempt to escape. The cycle of violence is made up of three separate and
distinct phases. The first stage is called the “tension building” phase, during which the
abuse spouse exhibits moodiness, is short tempered, and is critical of her spouse. The
second phase is called the “explosion” phase. This is a relatively short-lived phase in which
the tensions of the previous stage reach crisis proportions and a physical assault ensues.
The third and final phase has been called the “honeymoon” phase, because it is during this
phase that the abusing spouse shows great remorse for his actions and promises never to
repeat the abuse.

Paradigm of the Study

This study consists of two variables which are the independent and dependent
variables. The independent variable contains the Demographic Profile of the Female Desk
Officers while the dependent variable consists of the experience of the female desk officers
toward the implementation of women and children protection desk program and services
in Tuguegarao City Police Station.
Significance of the Study
The following stakeholders will benefit with this study:
The Women and Children Victims will benefit from this study because of the programs
and services that the Philippine National Police(PNP) through the Women and Children
Protection Desk which would either inform them that whenever they experience abuse
and maltreatment, the PNP WCPD will help them inform of the rights and remedies
available to them.
The Women and Children Protection Desk will be able to use this and serve as a guide
for them in knowing whether or not their implementation of the programs and services
are effective and efficient enough to become operative officers who are doing their duties
and responsibilities well.
The Philippine National Police shall likewise benefit from this and be aware if the
WCPD is performing well their functions as agents of the government and protector of
women and children as they handle cases regarding violations of the latter’s rights as well
as in determining whether or not there will become a modification with the set rules and
policies in the programs and services.

The Future Administrators will make this a guide in enacting and redefining laws
which are related to the programs and services for women and children.
The Future Researchers can use this study as basis if ever they will decide to create a
research study which has a connection with our research, this could serve as a platform
for them to start their study.
The Students can utilize this as an additional information in their knowledge and
awareness regarding the implementation of the programs and services of WCPD in PNP
Tuguegarao and as a basis if they shall create a thesis with the same topic.
To The Community, this study shall likewise help them because of the fact that they are
the beneficiaries of the effort derived from a police unit who takes control as regards the
victimization of women and children.
To The Researchers-, this study will serve as an instrument in knowing the topic more
and whether or not the programs and services are implemented effectively and
operationally.
Scope and Delimitations of the Study
This study focused only in determining the implementation of women and children
protection desk programs and services in Tuguegarao City Police Station. It is limited to
the female desk officers who are in charge of handling cases and investigation as regards
the violations against women and children that are included in their record book and was
limited only to the questionnaire, secondary data, and interview guide. In addition to that,
this research will be conducted in PNP Tuguegarao, Enrile Boulevard, Carig Sur,
Tuguegarao City during the first semester of the Academic Year 2018-2019.
Definition of Terms
The terminologies stated below needs to be interpreted to fully understand this study.
Abuse refers to the physical, sexual, or psychological abuse experiences by a
woman or her child.
Age refers to the women desk officers who are clustered into five brackets which
are 21-25, 26-30, 31-35, 36-40, and 40&above.
Appropriate eligibility refers to the test or examination that has been taken or
passed by the desk officer such as PNP Entrance Exam, Police Officer Exam, Senior Police
Officer Exam, Inspector Exam, Teacher’s Board Exam, Criminology Board Exam, and as
specified by the women desk officer if her appropriate eligibility does not fall within the
choices given.
Children refers to those below eighteen (18) years of age or older but are incapable
of taking care of themselves as defined under Republic Act no. 7610. As used in this study,
it includes the biological children of the victim woman and other children under her care.
Civil status refers to the women desk officers which is categorized as “single” or
“married”.
Domestic violence refers to a situation between two people who have a familiar or
familial relationship, where one party particularly the man or husband uses violence to hurt
or harm the other which pertains to either wife or child/children.
Educational qualification refers to the educational extent of the desk officers
which is classified as college graduate, with master’s units, master’s graduate, doctoral
graduate, and as specified by the desk officer if the choices does not meet her educational
qualification.
Extent of Responsiveness to Intervention Measures this refers to the present
level of how the desk officers in PNP Tuguegarao intervene or interfere with the programs
and services that they are offering to the women and children of Tuguegarao City.
Implementation refers to how the women and children protection desk officers of
PNP Tuguegarao carry out the duties and responsibilities as they observe the rules and
procedures provided in section 48 of the Implementing Rules and Regulations of RA 9262
(Anti-Violence against Women and Their Children Act of 2004).
Women and Children Protection Desk refers to the newly upgraded operational
support unit of the Philippine National Police (PNP) which will be taking charge with
analogous performance of functions as provided by General Orders Number DPL 07-03
dated October 15, 2007, National Headquarters, Philippine National Police, Camp Crame,
Quezon City.
CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter covers the exploration of related literature and studies, both foreign
and local, and the synthesis of the reviewed literature studies to the present study. The
investigation on the implementation of women and children protection desk program and
services in Tuguegarao City Police Station is a silent issue nowadays. At times, we wonder
if the Philippine National Police are effective and efficient state actors by observing how
they execute the laws, orders, and policies as well as in implementing them. That is the
reason why this study is conducted in order to uncover the truth regarding how the
Tuguegarao City Police Station implements the programs and services of the WCPD, more
specifically on how it conducts a timely and comprehensive investigation of all cases
committed against women and their children.
Foreign Literature
It has been historic that legal and social customs have stomached the physical
assault made by men to women or even their children. Matthews (2004) stated that every
year in America, between 1.5 and 3.6 million women are raped or physically assaulted by
an intimate partner. With multiple assaults per individual, this adds up to approximately 4
to 6 million intimate partner physical and sexual assaults every year- and there are many
more that go unreported.
One reason why such abuse or assault is existent is economic dependency.
Bornstein (2006) describes economic dependency as “the degree to which one
person relies on another for financial support, and is used to describe situations in which
one member of a dyad has exclusive control over financial resources. Economic
dependency can occur if one person is the sole provider in the family and denies his partner
access to resources, but also when one person uses threat or intimidation to take control of
finances. This may heat up to arguments and the spouses or partners may end up assaulting
one another or the one party particularly the man will abuse his partner or even his child.
He also points out that it is important to realize that links between economic dependency
and abuse are bi-directional. High economic dependency may lead some women to tolerate
physical abuse, but repeated abuse may lead to economic dependence. Women in violent
relationships who do work may have trouble concentrating, be harassed at work by an
abusive partner, and have low self- efficacy due to abuse. The abuse can affect work
performance to the point where they may lose their jobs, contributing to their economic
dependency on their partners.
McCue (2008) affirms that regardless of these violence against women, some of
them may choose to stay and survive day to day abuse rather than make a escape. He
specifically mentions the Native American women as potentially lacking phone services or
access to any sort of transportation which makes for them hard to escape. Because of this,
the researchers have come up with a solution that a protection desk must be prepared or
offered to women, and also to their children most especially if the women and children or
the family itself lives in a remote or isolated place. Protection must still be given to people
who are in geographically isolated places.
Over the preceding decades, numerous African countries have attained significant
gains in the implementation of the child rights framework. Several countries have presented
social protection mechanisms that play a vital role in supporting vulnerable families and
preventing children from leaving their homes.
Save the Children Sweden (2012) purports that generally, child protection systems
have been conceptualized as a set of activities, working procedures and institutions
involved to prevent and respond to all forms of child abuse and neglect, including
exploitation. In addition to that, Save the Children defines child protection (CP) as
measures and structures to prevent and respond to abuse, neglect, exploitation and violence
affecting children. On its part, the United Nations Children’s Fund (2012) defines child
protection as preventing and responding to violence, exploitation and abuse against
children, including commercial sexual exploitation, trafficking, child labor and harmful
traditional practices such as female genital mutilation/cutting and child marriage. In simple
terms, child protection addresses every child’s right not to be subjected to harm and
together with other rights ensure that the child receives that which they need to survive,
develop and thrive.
Humphreys (2007) posits that a problem has risen in Western countries responding
to domestic abuse whereby the safety of children is considered to have been secured by a
referral or notification to the statutory child protection authority. In countries where there
is mandatory reporting and domestic abuse is specified, child protection systems have been
overwhelmed.
Local Literature
The paramount and indispensable responsibility of the government is the promotion
of general welfare and protection of society. Unambiguously, the government’s principal
duty is to guarantee that the rights of the individual exclusively the children are protected.
It is the same as the women who are often abused and maltreated because branding as
someone who has weak personality.
The Philippine National Police, as the chief instrument of the administration
authorized to put into effect the laws and to maintain peace and order in the community,
plays a critical yet essential part in the safeguarding of rights.
Under the DIDM (2002), Women’s Crisis and Child Protection Center has the
following objectives: to bring together key people from law enforcement, in particular the
various professionals who could interact and respond to child abuse and violence against
women cases in a coordinated fashion; to organize, pool, train these human resources
whose potentials to serve the greater interest of women and children can be harnessed in
full; to establish a one-stop in the PNP where all sexual and physical abuses committed
against children may be referred for proper police intervention, treatment and attention; to
provide quick-response professional inter-disciplinary services to the victims; to establish
a team approach by eliminating unnecessary duplication of effort and promoting proper
and expeditious collection and preservation of evidence to improve investigative outcomes
of child abuse cases referred to the center; to establish expertise in the collection and
preservation of evidence, in crime scene examination, and in taking statement and
confessions; to make all team members work not actually in all aspects of the investigation,
but inactively coordinating the total police intervention process drawing from the resources
made available by the disciplines involved; and to develop a more responsive and
innovative law enforcement mechanisms to address violence against women and children.
Fr. Shay Cullen (2017), in his article in The Manila Times, states that violence
against women starts very early in this male-dominated world, and the abuse of women
and children is so common and greatly ignored. An estimated 350,000 young Filipino
women are exploited as sex workers at a young age.
According to the World Economic Forum’s Gender Gap (2014), the Philippines has
been among the world’s most gender-fair countries since 2006. It also ranked 9th globally
and topped all of Asia in terms of women’s participation in economy, education, health,
and political empowerment. But the number of VAW cases reported to the Philippine
National Police has increased by over 500% in the past 16 years.
Also, based on the article made by Rodriguez (2015), aside from stronger
implementation of laws, penalties, and recovery programs, advocates emphasize the need
for better prevention. Both men and women, young and old, must be educated about human
rights, women’s and gender issues, and the roles they play in ending discrimination. The
more informed women are, the more empowered they will be. And an empowered society
has no room for violence.
The legal basis of this study which is included in the salient provisions of R.A.
8551, otherwise known as the “Police Reform and Reorganization Law,” provides among
others that (Section 57, Title II), “the Philippine National Police (PNP) shall established
women’s desk in all police stations throughout the country to administer and attend to cases
involving crimes against chastity, sexual harassment, abuses committed against women
and children and other similar offenses. Provided, that the municipalities and cities
presently without policewomen will have two (2) years upon the effectivity of the said act
within which to comply with the requirement of the provision of said law, and (Section 58,
Title II), “within the next five (5) years, the PNP shall prioritize the recruitment and training
of women who shall serve in the women’s desk. Pursuant to this requirement, the PNP shall
reserve ten percent (10%) of its annual recruitment, training, and education quota for
women (R.A. 8551). Another legal basis is the General Orders Number DPL 07-03 dated
October 15, 2007, National Headquarters, Philippine National Police, Camp Crame,
Quezon City.
Foreign Studies
Diverse research studies and surveys were steered from various countries
everywhere in the world. Certain studies were conducted across many countries and some
were conducted in their corresponding nations. Below are some of the foreign studies
conducted which the researcher assimilated in order to further analyze them and grasp the
ideas they try to convey.
According to the Lao Social Indicator Survey (2012), 58% of women and 48% of
men reported that VAW was justified if women did not adhere to traditional gender
norms, relations, and roles. The difference of their survey as to our study is that VAW is
justified because women adheres to traditional gender norms, roles, and relations and that
is evident nowadays.
As stated by Lao (2014) in his study on The National Study on Women’s Health
and Life Experiences, it was found that an effective policy-making response to abuse
issues needs to be developed. The similarities of their study and our research study is that
we are both aiming for a policy or law that would protect the rights of women as they are
stereotyped in our community through abuse and maltreatment. The difference lies on the
fact that our study would only use focus group interview between female desk officers,
because in the former study they used both men and women as informants or
interviewees.
Based on a study conducted by Pinheiro (2006) about general study on violence
against children, it analyzed the violence in five settings which includes the home and
family, schools and educational settings, care and justice institutions, work place and the
community. The study points out that much of this violence remains hidden and children
are afraid to identify the perpetrators – parents, schoolmates, teachers and employers since
they usually depend on them. As children continue to suffer violence and abuse on the
continent, the responses to abuse cases are sporadic, not coordinated and many times
provided by people without capacity to do so. This in many cases re-traumatizes children
who have been abused and discourages community members who may wish to report child
abuse cases. The study contains twelve over-arching recommendations and a number of
setting specific recommendations that represent a comprehensive framework for follow-up
action.
The similarity of Pinheiro’s study with our study is that we have come to ask about
how the children are experiencing violence but our study is far different in terms of the
settings because we have only covered violence in home and family as our parameter.
Al Nagar and Tonnesen (2010) on their study on Child Protection Mechanisms in
Khartoum State revealed that children were aware of the many of the protection issues
facing them. However, they did not know the procedures to be followed for reporting risks.
In South Sudan, Special Protection Units in the police stations receive and investigate child
abuse cases. Such cases are tried at statutory and traditional courts as both customary and
statutory laws apply in South Sudan. However, the traditional courts are ignorant of both
national and international legislation.
The difference of our study and the above-stated research is that we have
recognized the national and international legislation but the similarities would tell us that
we both wanted to be informed if the children or informants are being informed of the
rights and remedies available to them.
A study carried out by Kisanga, Mbwambo. Hogan, Nystrom, Emmelin, Lindmark
(2010) at Tanzania’s Muhimbili University found that almost 3 out of 10 girls and 1 out of
7 boys had been victims of sexual violence. In addition to these problems, children in Sudan
face unique challenges due to conflicts that have ravaged the nation in the past. Thus, they
face displacement, separation from families and recruitment as child soldiers. The situation
is, however, expected to improve with the signing of the peace accord in 2005 and
subsequent independence of South Sudan in 2011. The study used in-depth interview which
we, the researchers haven’t used. They also included magistrates and legal workers as their
informants which differs to our research because we only used the female desk officers as
our informants. Similarly, we used the same method which is the qualitative approach
which is used to analyze well the data to be collected as guided by the truth that an interview
method will be conducted.
Another research was conducted by Johnson (2017) which claims that the
importance of the ideological and institutional context as structural impediments or
opportunities as well as suggested the more effective strategic alliances between activists,
politicians, and civil servants. It has also indicated the intervention measures to be utilized.
Similarly, both researchers are comprised of intervention measures but our research is
focused more on the extent of intervention measures which is vaguely presented in the
former study.
Local Studies
In the study conducted by Fronda, Papio and Dela Cruz (2012), they have argued
that positive implications to the Women and Children Protection Desk’s (WCPD)
clientele’s safety--the local government units in the different localities within the research
locale was able to provide their respective constituents with a competent and efficient
delivery of public service by serving and protecting the community-members. They have
made use of a descriptive research in determining the extent of role performance of the
desk officers while in our research, we have focused on the extent of intervention measures
and the degree of problems encountered by the female desk officers.
Maurer (2006) on his study on, “Children’s Exploitation in Cabanatuan City as
Perceived by the Barangay Captains and Barangay Social Welfare and Development
Officers, made the following recommendations: 1) continuous conduct of seminars and
workshops from among the Barangay Captains (BC) and Barangay Social Welfare and
Development Officers (BSWDO) to further enhance their awareness as the first line of
defense concerning rights and interests of children, with the active support of the Local
Government Unit (LGU), purposely to minimize if not totally eliminated occurrence of
children’s exploitation; 2) strict enforcement of the laws concerning rights and interest of
children to be actively undertaken by the Barangay Captains (BC) and Barangay Social
Welfare and Development Officers (BSWDO), and the different concerned government
agencies for more proactive and reactive efforts in threshing out the existence and would-
be existence of children’s exploitation; 3) address the contributory factors to children’s
exploitations through the formulation of programs, projects and activities to be
spearheaded by the social welfare agency which is geared toward eliminating the root-
causes of violating the rights and interest of children, and the breeding grounds that abet
the proliferation of the conditions placing the welfare of children in jeopardy; 4) more
orchestrated efforts on the part of the Barangay Captains (BC) and Barangay Social
Welfare and Development Officers (BSWDO) with the active support of Local
Government Agencies (LGA), and Non-Government Organizations (NGO), and the
community-members as well in addressing the problems on children’s exploitation in
respective communities; and 5) jointly institute corrective measures through periodic
consultations to deal with the symptoms of the contributory factors to children’s
exploitation to be instituted by the community-at-large through the stewardship of the
Local Government Unit (LGU), and the Local Government Agencies (LGA), and the
Non-Government Organizations (NGO).
Taborada (2004) on her study on the “Responsiveness of the Women’s and
Children Protection Desks (WCPD) in the Management of Children in Conflict with
the Law: An Assessment, made the following recommendations: 1) enlistment of the
services of experts in the different discipline concerning rights and interests of the
children, and employment of professionals who could obviously and effectively
addressed problems confronted by the children in conflict with the law; 2) initiation of
activities and programs that would help developed awareness from among the community
members on the problems confronted by the children in conflict with the law, and active
support from the Local Government Unit (LGU), Local Government Agencies (LGA),
and Non-Government Organizations (NGO) in response to the alarming incidents
involving children; 3) enhance collaboration with the different sectors of the society for a
more orchestrated effort in the protection of the rights and interests of children, protection
of children from violence and abuses, and reduction of occurrence of incidence involving
children in conflict with the law; 3) assignment and placement of more female police
personnel in the Women’s and Children Protection Desks (WCPD) for a more effective
management of children in conflict with the law, and sophistication and modernization of
facilities and equipment, and allocation of fund and material resources for an improved
discharge of mandated functions; 5) establishment of crisis centers for a more responsive
management of children in conflict with the law, purposely to cater the needs of the
victims, witness, and accused—legally, psychologically, physically, and morally, and that
could attend the well-being of children in conflict with the law; and 5) providing the
children in the management of children in conflict with the law with the restorative
justice for engendered individuals owing to the protection of their rights and interests.
As studied by Anamong-Davis (2010), on her study The Implementation of Women
and Children Protection Desk Program and Services in Cordillera Administrative Region,
it had used the organizational profile of the women employees, crimes against women and
children victims assisted by wcpd, leadership capability of officers, level of
implementation of services, differences in level of implementation of services across
leadership capability, and the problems encountered by the wcpd as factors in determining
the implementation of the WCPD of CAR. Based on the findings of the study, the
Philippine National Police established the creation of the Women Desk to attain cases of
Violence against women and children in 1995. Majority of the WCPD offices are
established in the province of Benguet while the City of Baguio has a greater number of
women’s’ desk investigators. Another is that the common crimes attended by WCPD
officers are physical violence, sexual assault, physical injuries, sexual abuse and theft.
Furthermore, the leadership capability of the WCPD found out to be proficient in the four
aspects: Administrative, Managerial, Technical and Financial, the WCPD is very much
recognized and empowered to be more successful on their services. In addition to that, the
significant implementation of the services on some areas of the indicator differs from the
leadership capability of the WCPD officers. Finally, the moderately serious problems on
the part of investigation on crimes against women are the suspect is forgiven by the victim,
victim/survivor are afraid to file a case against the suspect, desistance to file a case against
the suspect and non-cooperation of witness/es to testify. On referral activity, the
moderately serious is the slow medico-legal examination of victims. Similarly, our study
will use the same methods of this research such as the usage of questionnaire and interview.
The difference is that we will add documentary findings regarding the information of PNP
WCPD in Tuguegarao City and the factors that we will use shall be limited to the following
factors: the demographic profile of the PNP Tuguegarao WCPD desk officers in terms of
educational qualification, appropriate eligibility, number of months/years in the service,
and trainings/seminars attended; the common violations brought before the Tuguegarao
City Women and Children Protection Desk; the extent of the responsiveness to intervention
measures of the TCWCPD in terms of conduct of interview and investigation, arrest and
apprehension, preventive measures, and confidentiality of police blotter, records, and
reports; the degree of problems encountered by the TCWCPD officers in the

implementation of the program or services in the protection of the victims in terms of
physical facilities, personnel, interview and investigation process, and victims; and the
recommendations to strengthen or improve the TCWCPD. The aforementioned study will
be the basis of this thesis.
SYNTHESIS OF THE FOREGOING
Based on the above-mentioned review of literature and studies, the researchers find
this study beneficial because of the reason that the implementation of women and children
protection desk program and services in Tuguegarao City Police Station is an effective and
efficient way of generating and prompting the minds of the Filipino citizens to respect each
other, as well as in boosting the interest and morale of women and children to empower
them and to degenerate the mindset of the people in terms of gender inequality and making
them realize that men is not dominative than women, that both of them are equal. The
literature mentioned in this section of study is very significant to the present study, bearing
in mind the fact that entirely, it is focused on violence against women and children, and
marked at one general objective of monitoring the incidence of said cases, and making the
programs and services of the law enforcement agencies particularly the Women and
Children Protection Desk of the Philippine National Police more reactive in effectively
dealing with this problem as they implement well the policy and in doing their assigned
duties and responsibilities provided by law.
Correspondingly, the literature deals with the investigation of cases involving abuse
against women and children which are also the emphasis of the current study. The problems
encountered in the foreign literature and studies cited in this chapter are nearly the alike as
what is prevailing in the local setting.
The difference lies with the degrees, approaches and processes in conducting a
successful research study particularly in gathering useful information to obtain the
objectives of the study. In addition to that, they differ in the informants, settings, and the
findings of the study. It all boils down to the fact that despite the differences which are
evident, its main concern is the protection of women and their children against abuse,
assault, and any other forms of violence made by men to them.

CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the research design, locale of the study, research informants
and sampling design, statistical analysis, research procedure and ethics statement.
Research Design
This study used the qualitative approach with the aid of triangulation method. As
defined by Denzin (1978) and Patton (1999), a triangulation method is utilized to check
out the consistency of findings generated by different data collection methods and to test
the validity of findings. In this research, we will use the questionnaire, documentary
analysis as secondary data, and focus-group interview among the female desk officers for
the purpose of achieving the aforementioned objectives of this research and to be able to
know the experience in the implementation of Tuguegarao City PNP of the Women and
Children Protection Desk Program and Services most especially the female desk officers
in Tuguegarao City Police Station particularly in PNP Tuguegarao, Enrile Boulevard, Carig
Sur, Tuguegarao City.
Locale of the Study
The study was conducted in PNP Tuguegarao, Enrile Boulevard, Carig Sur,
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan and shall have its female desk officers in Women and
Children Protection Desk as the informants in the focus-group interview.

Research Informants and Sampling Design
For the purposes of this research, purposive sampling technique will be employed
in selecting the informants of the study. The female desk officers will be selected based on
the researcher’s knowledge that the former are the only officers who are in charge of the
women and children protection desk program and services.
Statistical Tool
The research study used a questionnaire that was framed by the researcher using
some of the questions included in the questionnaire of the study conducted by Anamong-
Davis in 2010 with the guidance of their adviser. It is divided into three parts as follows:
Part I of the questionnaire includes the information on the personal and
demographic profile of the female desk officers of PNP Tuguegarao Women and Children
Protection Desk (WCPD). Descriptive Analysis such as percentages, means, and frequency
counts was used to analyze the profile of the respondents in terms of age, civil status,
educational qualification, appropriate eligibility, number of years in service, and trainings
attended.
Part II of the questionnaire composes of the twenty-item checklist under four
categories namely conduct of interview and investigation, arrest and apprehension,
preventive measures, and confidentiality of police blotter, records, and reports which is
designed to collect information on extent of the intervention measures of the PNP
Tuguegarao Women and Children Protection Desk (WCPD). Each item will be evaluated
through determining the weighted mean and using Five-point Likert Scale:
Numerical Scale Descriptive Value
4.20 – 5.00 Very Responsive (VR)
3.40 - 4.19 Responsive (RP)
2.60 – 3.39 Moderately Responsive (MR)
1.80 – 2.59 Slightly Responsive (SR)
1.00 – 1.79 Not Responsive (NR)
Part III of the instrument consists of a fifteen-item checklist under three
components namely physical facilities, interview and investigation process, and victims
which is likewise designed to collect information as regards the degree of problems
encountered by the PNP Tuguegarao WCPD. Each item will be evaluated through
determining the weighted mean and using Five-point Likert Scale:
Numerical Scale Descriptive Value
4.20 – 5.00 Very Serious (VS)
3.40 - 4.19 Serious (SR)
2.60 – 3.39 Moderately Serious (MS)
1.80 – 2.59 Slightly Serious (SS)
1.00 – 1.79 Not Serious (NS)

Interview Guide:
 Introductory questions: “How well do you know that you implement well the
programs and services of the Women and Children Protection Programs and
Services?”
 Transition questions: “What are the common problems brought before your
office?”
 Key questions: “What are the recommendations to strengthen or improve the
TCWCPD?”
 Ending questions: “Is there any other information you would like to add?”
“Do this research broaden your mind regarding the implementation
process?”
The questionnaire checklist and focus group interview is intended for the
female desk officers of the Women and Children Protection Desk. On the other
hand, the secondary data which is the documentary analysis shall be based on the
records of the desk officers regarding the records of victims, limited only to the
common violations brought before the said office. The gathering of secondary data
shall only be limited to the records which shows the total number of cases solved
and cleared from year 2017-2018.
Research Procedure
The researchers sought permission from the Regional Director through the Chief
Inspector of WCPD of PNP R02 of allowing them to float the questionnaire among the
female desk officers.

The researchers asked the female desk officers through questionnaire checklist,
documentary analysis, and focus group interview in order to determine the cases brought
to them, the extent of intervention measures of the TCWCPD as regards their programs
and services, degree of problems encountered in the office, and in knowing the common
problems experienced by the female desk officers.
Ethics Statement
We, the researchers, have utilized the ethics statement provided by Bryman and
Bell (2007) and we deem this to be effective.
1. Research informants should not be subjected to harm in any ways whatsoever and
that voluntary participation of informants in the research is important. Moreover,
informants have rights to withdraw from the study at any stage if they wish to do
so.
2. As researchers, we respect the dignity of research informants. The informants
should participate on the basis of informed consent. The principle of informed
consent involves researchers providing sufficient information and assurances about
taking part to allow individuals to understand the implications of participation and
to reach a fully informed, considered, and freely given decision about whether or
not to do so, without the exercise of any pressure or coercion.
3. Full consent should be obtained from the participants prior to the study. The use of
offensive, discriminatory, or other unacceptable language needs to be avoided in
the formulation of questionnaire, documentary analysis, and focus group interview.

4. The protection of the privacy of research participants has to be ensured because
privacy and anonymity of the victims as well as the information gathered to the
female desk officers is of paramount importance.
5. Adequate level of confidentiality of the research data should be ensured.
Acknowledgement of works of other authors used in any part of the dissertation
with the use of Harvard/APA referencing system.
6. Anonymity of individuals and organizations participating in the research has to be
ensured. Maintenance of the highest level of objectivity in discussion and analysis
throughout the research.
7. Any deception or exaggeration about the aims and objectives of the research must
be avoided.
8. Any type of communication in relation to the research should be done with honesty
and transparency.
9. Any type of misleading information, as well as representation of primary data
findings in a biased way must be avoided.

CHAPTER 4
PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION, AND ANALYSIS OF DATA
This chapter contains the presentation, interpretation, as well as the analysis of data
that we have gathered. This chapter also include tables that show the final result of the
frequency counts, means, and percentages. It is organized under the following categories:
personal and demographic profile of the informants, extent of the responsiveness to
intervention measures of the TCWCPD, and the degree of problems encountered by the
PNP Tuguegarao WCPD.
Personal And Demographic Profile Of The Pnp Tuguegarao WCPD
Table 1. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents as to Age
Age Frequency Percent
21-25 0 0.00
26-30 0 0.00
31-35 2 66.67
36-40 0 0.00
40 and above 1 33.33
Total 3 100.0
The table shows that two or 66.67% of the informants belonged to the age category
of 31-35 and only one or 33.33% of the informants belonged to the age category of 40 and
above. This implies that as the female desk officers execute their duties and responsibilities
for how many years of service in the WCPD, their traits and characteristics are being
affected as well as their approach for the victims filing in their office.
Table 2. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents as to Civil Status

Civil Status Frequency Percent
Single 0 0
Married 3 100.0
Total 3 100.0
The above table shows that all of the informants or the desk officers in the PNP
Tuguegarao Women and Children Protection Desk are married. This only implies that as
married women, they are manifestly able to give counselling and provide better services
for women and children who are victims of abuse and other forms of violence since they
experience what is like to act as married woman and a mother to a family and that they
may give guidance to the victims well for the reason that they are in the same feet.
Table 3. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents
as to Educational Qualification
Educational Qualification Frequency Percent
College Graduate 2 66.67
With Masters Units 0 0.00
Masters Graduate 1 33.33
Doctorate Graduate 0 0.00
Others 0 0.00
Total 3 100.0
The table shows that two or 66.67% of the informants in the educational
qualification category are college graduates and one or 33.33% of the informants attained
a master’s degree. This implies that the female desk officers, who are college graduates,
may have attained a Criminology course before entering as a WCPD desk officer while the
other one informant who have attained a Master’s degree may be their senior inspector
because it is one of the qualifications to attain a high position in the WCPD office.
as to Appropriate Eligibility
Appropriate Eligibility Frequency Percent
PNP Entrance Examination 0 0
Police Officer Examination 1 33.33
Senior Police Officer Examination 1 33.33
Superintendent Examination 0 0.00
Inspector Examination 0 0.00
Criminology Board Exam and CS

1 33.33
Eligibility
Total 3 100.0
As to appropriate eligibility, one or 33.33% of the informants obtained and passed
the police officer examination, the other one passed the senior police officer examination,
and one desk officer passed the criminology board examination and civil service eligibility.
This implies that to be able to attain a position in the WCPD office, appropriate eligibility
is required. Any eligibility, like a police officer eligibility, is already suitable to be a female
desk officer in the office.
Table 5. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents as to Number of
Months/Years in Service
Number of Months/Years in Service Frequency Percent
1-5 years 0 0
6-10 years 2 66.7
11-15 years 0 0.0
16-20 years 1 33.3
Others 0 0.0
Total 3 100.0
As to the number of months/ years in the service, because all of the informants are
already serving for years, we put years in the table. Two or 66.67% of the informants
served their office for 6-10 years and one informant already served within 16-20 years.
This only implies that for 6-10 years, the desk officers already gained enough knowledge,
expertise, and consistency in the field. More so for one informant who have already
achieved 16-20 years in the service, this only means that their services and counselling to
the victims has already been a way of life for them and that they are already knowledgeable
enough with how to run and develop more their WCPD office.
as to Trainings/Seminars Attended
Trainings/Seminars Attended Frequency
Examination/investigation of cases involving

3
women and children
Management of women and children in conflict

1
with the law
Criminal Investigation Course 1
WCPC Course 1
Investigation Case 1
R.A. 7877 Seminar 1
R.A 9208 Seminar 1
CICL Case 1
Three of the informants have already undergone seminar for examination or
investigation of cases involving women and children. Other informants have undergone
seminars about management of women and children in conflict with the law, criminal
investigation course, WCPC course, investigation case, R.A. 7877 seminar, R.A. 9208
seminar, and CICL case.
Table 7. Item Mean of the Extent of the responsiveness to intervention

measures of the TCWCPD
Extent of the responsiveness to intervention measures Weighted Descriptive Value
of the TCWCPD Mean
I. Conduct of Interview and Investigation
1. The conduct of interview and investigation are Very Responsive

5.00
executed by a female officer.
2. The women or children victim is provided with Very Responsive
information on the services and remedies available to 4.67
them from government agencies and non-government
organizations.
3. The conduct of interview and investigation is made Very Responsive
in a separate room with only one authorized person 5.00
allowed inside.
4. Child victim interview and investigation is in the Very Responsive
presence of a social worker as provided in the handbook 4.67
of the Philippine National Police.
5. The information is treated with confidentiality by the Very Responsive
authorized female desk officer conducting such 5.00
investigation.
Category Mean 4.87 Very Responsive
II. Arrest and Apprehension
1. The desk officer notifies the victim on the release of Very Responsive
the perpetrator from custody and the conditions 4.67
attached upon his release.
2. When the perpetrator is not arrested, the reasons are 4.67 Very Responsive
explained by the desk officer to the victim.
3. The police officer arrests the perpetrator despite the Very Responsive
claim by the perpetrator that the victim provoked or 4.67
perpetuated the violence.
4. The police officer in-charge arrests the perpetrator/s Very Responsive
despite the fact that the incident occurred in private 4.67
place.
5. Arrest of perpetrators despite the victim’s opposition 4.67 Very Responsive
to the arrest is made by the arresting officer.
III. Preventive Measures
1. The TCWCPD conducts seminars on the laws of Very Responsive
5.00
women and children protection to the community.
2. Proper information dissemination on violence Very Responsive
against women and their children services are given 5.00
attention.
3. The production and regular distribution of VAWC Very Responsive
information education and communication are 4.67
recognized.
4. Gender sensitivity awareness is being 4.67 Very Responsive
acknowledged.
5. Information drive on anti-trafficking is possessed by 5.00 Very Responsive

the TCWCPD.
IV. Confidentiality of Police Blotter, Records, and
Reports
1. Medico legal examination results and other pieces Very Responsive
of evidence are packaged and labeled as confidential 5.00
and stored in a designated evidence room.
2. Maintaining of a separate logbook for VAWC Very Responsive
incident is always implemented also with 5.00
confidentiality.
3. Access to VAWC logbook is limited to 5.00 Very Responsive
WCPD personnel.
4. On-the-spot and progress reports on all VAWC and 5.00 Very Responsive
case folders are secured in a locked cabinet.
5. Case folders are being secured in a locked cabinet. 5.00 Very Responsive
The above table shows the result with each of the questions on the extent of
responsiveness to intervention measures of the TCWCPD. All of the categories such as the
conduct of interview and investigation, arrest and apprehension, preventive measures, and
confidentiality of police blotter, records, and reports, has a category mean of 5.00 which
means that they are very responsive. This implies that their responsiveness as to all their
services is enough to cater the needs and welfare of the victims.
Table 8. Item Mean of the Degree of Problems Encountered by the

PNP Tuguegarao WCPD
Degree of Problems Encountered by the PNP Weighted Descriptive Value

Tuguegarao WCPD Mean
I. Physical Facilities
1. Insufficiency of computers and a direct Not Serious
1.67
telephone line.
2. No separate room intentionally for the 1.33 Not Serious
investigation of VAWC victims.
3. No play area for minor victims. 1.00 Not Serious
4. Insufficient filing cabinet and record room. 1.00 Not Serious

5. No separate comfort room for women victim. 1.00 Not Serious
Category Mean 1.20 Not Serious
II. Interview and Investigation Process
1. Conduct of interview and investigation to Not Serious
1.67
victims of violence are found to be difficult.
2. The victim is not provided with information Not Serious
on the legal rights and remedies available to 1.00
her, especially the right to protection order RA
9262.
3. Inadequate information on the legal rights 1.00 Not Serious
and remedies available to victim.
4. Interview and investigations are not 1.00 Not Serious
conducted by female officers.
5. Initial interview and in-depth investigation is 1.00 Not Serious
not done in a separate room.
Category Mean 1.13 Not Serious
III. VICTIMS
1. Victim is retracting his/her statement and Moderately Serious
3.33
non-appearance in court.
2. Victim is suffering from trauma. 3.67 Serious
3. Non-cooperation of child’s parent/guardian. 3.33 Moderately Serious
4. Victim cannot identify his/her abuser. 2.67 Moderately Serious
5. Child is not afraid to disclose abuses. 3.33 Moderately Serious
Category Mean 3.27 Moderately Serious
As to the degree of problems encountered by the desk officers, under the category
of physical facilities, it is interpreted as not serious which means that their physical
facilities are enough to cater the needs of the victims. Under the interview and investigation
process, the result is not serious which means that they can handle the victims well. Lastly,
on the victims, the result landed to moderately serious which means that the problems they
are encountering with the victims are only average and not extremely nor slightly serious.
Table 9. Secondary Data based on the number of cases filed in the TCWCPD
Rape Human R.A. 7610 R.A. 9262 Acts of
Trafficking Lasciviousness
2017 13 1 24 19 4
2018 12 1 23 23 1
The table above consists of the secondary data that we gathered from the WCPD
office, showing the solved and cleared cases from 2017 and 2018. In 2017, thirteen (13)
rape cases were filed while 12 rape cases were filed in 2018. The case of human trafficking
in 2017 and 2018 was only one. Violations of R.A. 7610 in 2017 raised to 19 cases while
in 2018, only 23 cases of such violation was filed, all cases were deemed solved and
cleared. Under violations of R.A. 9262, 19 cases were solved and cleared in 2017 and was
raised in 2018 having 23 solved and cleared cases. Finally, four cases for Acts of
Lasciviousness in 2017 were solved and cleared while only one case of the same violation
was filed in 2018 but was also declared solved and cleared.
INTERVIEW
The interviewer asked the Chief Police Officer regarding the introductory question
and that is, how well do they know that they effectively and efficiently implement the
programs and services of the Women and Children Protection Desk Programs and
Services? The officer answered that as a WCPD officer, they are trained through attending
seminars regarding women’s desk, VAWC seminar 9208, WCPC Specialized Course on
Women and Children Protection Law, CICL Course and other related VAWC cases. The
officer added that with regards their trainings and seminars, an implementation is needed
to further know the rights of each and every one of us especially the victims of abuse like
women and children. Whatever is provided by the law, they have to follow the rules.
When the desk officer was asked on what are the common violations brought before
their office, the informant answered that mostly, R.A. 9262 or the Anti-Violence against
Women and Children are filed. Other cases are child abuse and rape cases.
A follow-up question was asked and that is how the interaction of the WCPD with
other agencies is. The desk officer answered that it is included in their Standard Operating
Procedure (SOP) especially if minors are involved or victimized, they should always
coordinate with the other agencies like social welfare and if it is a rape case, they would let
the Department of Justice know because they offer an assistance to the victims. They also
let the DSWD know since they offer a big help specifically if the victim is a minor who
needs thorough counselling.
When the police officer was asked about how the process of filing in their office is,
she answered that the procedure goes this way, when a victim goes to their office, they are
required to undergo a medical examination first especially if the she is a victim of R.A.
9262. The medical certificate is the basis on why did she filed for physical abuse. They
also follow cardinal points like when and where does the abuse happened. After that, if the
victim is willing to file a case then she needs to produce her birth certificate including their
marriage certificate, if the abuser was her husband, or her child’s birth certificate. Lastly,
the victim also needs to show to the officers her affidavit.

The desk officer was asked about the filing of a violation if the victim is not
married. She answered that if, for example, they are live-in partners then it is just okay
because the determining point is that “as long as there is a dating relationship”.
When the police officer was asked on the key question, “What are the
recommendations to strengthen or improve the TCWCPD?”, she answered that every time
they are invited to conduct a lecture or seminar about R.A. 9262, R.A. 7610, trafficking,
bullying, and other cases related to women and children, they make sure that the people
they are sharing their knowledge with will become aware on their rights and that is one big
help for them.
Additionally, when the desk officers are going to some schools and barangays, their
seminar is interconnected with re-echoing it because there are victims who are afraid of
telling the truth and so they need to encourage the victims to file a complaint especially if
the abuser is a recidivist. They also stated that they need to focus more on the matter since
before, laws relating to women and children protection are inexistent.
When the desk officer was asked if where the victims stay for protection after a
case in court was filed, some points where clarified such as if the victim is a child and that
he/she has no parents, of course that child will be forwarded to the social workers in DSWD
or if the child has immediate relatives who has capacity to take care of the child, then it is
just fine because what matters most is the best interest of the latter. If the victim is a
woman, they can file a barangay protection order for 15 days so that the abuser will not be
able to go near the victim and vice-versa. After that, a temporary or permanent order may
also be filed if the victim needs utmost protection. In that case, the alleged suspect will not
be able to go near the victim. Once the suspect violated the order, he may be captured by
the police officers and serve his violation.
Another question was asked and that is what if the victim is afraid of reporting the
incident and somebody saw the matter, would that third person be allowed to report the
same? The desk officer answered that if in case the victim is still afraid to file a complaint,
then that person who saw the matter may report to the barangay, WCPD office, or the PNP
themselves especially if the victim is a child.
Also, the victim has its own prerogative to push through or file a complaint, because
even if the desk officers are much willing to file a case, if the victim is not interested then
the case will be dismissed. It boils to the fact that no one will testify on the complaint and
the only solution with that is to convince the victims to pursue the case.
The victim, who may be disoriented or traumatized, is approached by calming
him/her first and that no force shall be used against them. If he/she is now able to talk to
the desk officers, then that’s the time that all information regarding the case shall be asked
by the officer. In addition to that, the victim may also proceed outright in the TCWCPD
office shall they want to file a complaint.
The desk officer was asked if this research broadened her mind regarding the
implementation process and she definitely answered yes since there are cases that they
could gain knowledge with this research that they still aren’t aware about.
CHAPTER 5
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter presents the summary of findings, and the corresponding conclusions
derived in the conduct of this study. It also provides recommendations that could be
pursued by other researchers conducting future undertakings relatively with the present
study.
Summary of Findings
This study was anchored on the Implementation of Women and Children Protection
Desk Program and Services pursuant to General Orders Number DPL 07-03 dated October
15, 2007, National Headquarters, Philippine National Police, Camp Crame, Quezon City.
It attempted to find the extent of the responsiveness to intervention measures of the
PNP Tuguegarao WCPD and the degree of problems encountered by them.
The following findings were obtained:
1. The demographic profile of the female desk officers were as follows: age- the
highest was the 31-35 which obtained 66.67% and 41-above being the lowest with
only 33.33% or only one of the informants; civil status- all of the informants or the
desk officers in the PNP Tuguegarao Women and Children Protection Desk are
married; educational qualification- majority (66.67%) of the informants in the
educational qualification category are college graduates and one informant attained
a master’s degree; appropriate eligibility- one informant obtained and passed the
police officer examination, the other one passed the senior police officer
examination, and one desk officer passed the criminology board examination and
civil service eligibility; number of years in service- majority (66.67%) served their
office for 6-10 years and one informant already served within 16-20 years and;
trainings and seminars attended- Three of the informants have already undergone
seminar for examination or investigation of cases involving women and children.
Other informants have undergone seminars about management of women and
children in conflict with the law, criminal investigation course, WCPC course,
investigation case, R.A. 7877 seminar, R.A. 9208 seminar, and CICL case.
2. Extent of responsiveness to intervention measures were as follows: conduct of
interview and investigation- the mean was 4.87 (Very Responsive); arrest and
apprehension- the mean was 4.67(Very Responsive); preventive measures- the
mean was 4.87 (Very Responsive) and; confidentiality of police blotter, records,
and reports- the mean was 5.00 (Very Responsive).
3. Degree of problems encountered were as follows: physical facilities- the mean was
1.20 (Not Serious); interview and investigation process- the mean was 1.13 (Not
Serious) and; victims- the mean was 3.27 (Moderately Serious).
4. A secondary data regarding the solved and cleared cases on the TCWCPD from
2017 to 2018 was shown as follows: in 2017, there were 13 rape cases, 1 case for
human trafficking, 24 cases for R.A. 7610, 19 cases for R.A. 9262, and 4 cases for
Acts of Lasciviousness. In 2018, there were 12 cases for rape, 1 case for human
trafficking, 23 cases for R.A. 7610, 23 cases for R.A. 9262, and 1 case for Acts of
Lasciviousness.
5. In the interview guide, the Senior Inspector was asked about few questions and
were supported by the other two female desk officers in the office. They were asked
on how well do they know that they effectively and efficiently implement the
programs and services of the Women and Children Protection Desk Programs and
Services and answered confidently that they are trained through various trainings
and are disseminating information regarding the rights of women and children
through conducting lectures and seminars. When they were asked about the
common violations brought before their office, they answered that mostly, R.A.
9262 or the Anti-Violence against Women and Children are filed. Other cases are
child abuse and rape cases. Other pertinent and related questions were also asked
and are honestly answered by the desk officers. When they were asked on the
recommendations to strengthen or improve the TCWCPD, they responded that they
make sure that the people they are sharing their knowledge with will become aware
on their rights as they conduct the seminars and trainings. On the question about if
this study broadened their knowledge on the implementation, they answered that
they could gain knowledge with this research that they still aren’t aware about.
Conclusions
Based on the above findings, the following conclusions were drawn:
The female officers were all married, have enough years in service that
could prove that they are already experienced and knowledgeable enough to
implement the rights of women and children, have appropriate eligibility to be
suitable desk officers in the long run, and have enough trainings and seminars
attended to share their knowledge and expertise as the conduct each complaint and
cases filed.
As to the extent of responsiveness to intervention measures of the
TCWCPD, their conduct of interview and investigation, arrest and apprehension,
preventive measures, and confidentiality of police blotter, records, and reports were
found very responsive which means that they are implementing well the rules and
regulations as well as the policies in their office. Hence, the way they handle the
cases does not negatively affect their services to each of the victims they are dealing
with.
As regards the degree of problems encountered by them, the physical
facilities present in their office were evidently adequate to cater the needs of the
victims as they undergo such point of happening in their lives, the interview and
investigation process was not serious which means that they follow the rules
indicated and conducting the processes well, and with the victims, it was interpreted
as moderately serious which mean that there are cases of them having a hard time
dealing with the victims since there are instances that the latter may not cooperate
due to disorientation and trauma.
Recommendations
In the light of the above findings and conclusions, the following recommendations
were made:
1. A program of instruction designed for a more comprehensive formal training
not only to the senior inspector but from among the female desk officers
especially to seminars relating to Management of women and children in

conflict with the law, Criminal Investigation Course, WCPC Course,
Investigation Case, R.A. 7877 Seminar, R.A. 9208 Seminar, and CICL Case
should be adopted.
2. As to conduct of interview and investigation, we recommend that the women
or children victim will be provided by the female desk officers with more
information on the services and remedies available to them from government
agencies and non-government organizations since their awareness on their
rights will matter most. Additionally, child victim interview and investigation
shall always be in the presence of a social worker as provided in the handbook
of the Philippine National Police.
3. With regards to arrest and apprehension, the female desk officers must focus
more on the notice to the victim on the release of the perpetrator from custod
and the conditions attached upon his release since this is a crucial matter for the
victim or victims who may be disoriented and traumatized with the incident that
happened to them.
4. Relevant to the preventive measures, we highly recommend that the production
and regular distribution of VAWC information education and communication
shall be fully recognized since it is in the sharing of information that the women
and children, and even all people start to value more their rights. Also, gender
sensitivity awareness shall also be extremely acknowledged by the female desk
officers to might as well avoid gender stereotyping.

5. With reference to the confidentiality of police blotter, records, and reports, the
female desk officers shall only maintain and develop the service since all
disclosed information may affect the complaint or case filed by the victim or
victims in their office.
6. As to the physical facilities in their office, the female desk officers must pay
close attention to the insufficiency of their computers and direct telephone lines
which are needed to contact the other agencies that may help them with the
implementation of their programs and services to the victims.
7. Concerning the interview and investigation process, the female desk officers
must be patient enough in the conduct of interview and investigation to victims
of violence. What matters most is that even though it is a difficult situation for
them to do it, at least the desk officers may get all the information needed for
them to solve the case.
8. In relation to the victims, who may suffer from trauma, the female desk officers
shall continually be considerate with the situation of the victims since they may
be fragile and bewildered with what happened to them.
9. Organization and activation of the Women and Children Protection Council
(WCPC) in the different levels of society, that is from provincial city, municipal
and barangay level, serving as the coordinating machinery of the different
functions in ensuring the rights and interest of women and children.
10. Similar study be conducted in another time and setting which will focus on the
extent of responsiveness of the WCPD, giving emphasis with other factors

serving as variables, purposely to confirm or negate the findings and
conclusions derived relatively with the conduct of the present study.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Textbook/Articles
Humphreys, C (2007). Domestic Violence and Child Protection: Exploring the Role
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pp.360-369.
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Matthews, D.D. (2004). Domestic Violence sourcebook 2nd Edition. Omnigraphics.
Bornstein, RF (2006). The Complex Relationship between Dependency and Domestic

Violence: Converging Psychological Factors and Social Forces. American
Psychology.
Cullen, S. (2017). The Resilience of Abused Children and Women. The Manila Times
Online.
DIDM (2002). Philippine National Police Manual. Retrieved from

www.pnp.gov.ph/images/Manuals_and_Guides/DIDM/Criminal-InvestigationManual.pdf
Lao Social Indicator Survey (2012). Lao PDR: Lao Social Indicator Survey. Retrieved
from https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/fr268/fr268.pdf.
McCue, M.L. (2008). Domestic Violence: A Reference Handbook, 2nd Edition.

Retrieved from http://commons.pacificu.edu/spp/92.
Save the Children (2012). Save the Children’s Child Protection Strategy. Retrieved
from
https://www.savethechildren.net/sites/default/files/cp_strategy_final_web_email1.pdf.
United Nations Children’s Fund (2012). Save the Children’s Child Protection
Strategy. Retrieved from
https://www.savethechildren.net/sites/default/files/cp_strategy_final_web_email1.pdf.
Journals
Rodriguez, F. (2015). Sex, Power, Abuse. Rappler, Philippines.
Thesis/Dissertations
Al-Nagar & Tonnesen (2010). Sudan Country Case Study: Child Rights. Edita
Publishing Inc.
Anamong-Davis (2010). The Implementation of Women and Children Protection

Desk Program and Services in Cordillera Administrative Region. Pangasinan State
University ,Urdaneta City, Pangasinan.
Fronda, Papio, Dela Cruz (2012). The Effectiveness of the Role Performance of the
Women and Children Protection Desk to its Clientele Safety. Retrieved from
https://www.scribd.com/doc/235185174/The-effectiveness-of-the-Role-Performance-of-
the-Women-and-Children-protection-Desk-to-Its-Clientele-Safety.
Johnson, J.E. (2017). Foreign Intervention and Violence Against Women. Oxford
University Press.
Kisanga, Mbwambo. Hogan, Nystrom, Emmelin, Lindmark (2010). Perceptions of

Child Sexual Abuse: A Qualitatuve Interview Study with Representatives of the
Socio-Legal System in Urban Tanzania. Tanzania’s Muhimbili University.
Lao (2014). Summary Report: A Study on Violence against Women in Lao PDR.
National Commission for the Advancement of Women.
Maurer, M. (2006). Children’s Exploitation in Cabanatuan City as Perceived by the

Barangay Captains and Barangay Social Welfare and Development
Officers.Cabanatuan City.
Pinheiro, P.S. (2006). World Report On Violence Against Children. United Nations
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Taborada (2004). Responsiveness of the Women’s and Children Protection Desks

(WCPD) in the Management of Children in Conflict with the Law: An
Assessment. Retrieved: https://www.scribd.com/doc/235185174/The-effectiveness-of-
the-role-performance-of-the-women-and-children-protection-desk-to-its-clientele-safety.
Curriculum Vitae
Personal Profile
Name: DIANNE HANNALY B. AQUINO
Address: 02-EA Valenzuela St., Centro 10, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
Age: 20
Birthday: December 17, 1998
Birthplace:Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
Citizenship: Filipino
Status: Single
Religion: Roman Catholic
Father: David A. Aquino Occupation: Private Employee and Driver
Mother: Hilda B. Aquino Occupation: Housewife
Educational Background
NAME OF SCHOOL YEAR GRADUATED
ELEMENTARY: Tuguegarao East Central School 2011
HIGH SCHOOL: Saint John Berchmans High School 2015
COLLEGE: Cagayan State University- Andrews Campus
Personal Profile
Name: JESSICA P. BARTOLOME
Address: 47-C, Caggay Highway, Tuguegarao City
Age: 19
Birthday: December 26, 1999
Birthplace: Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
Status: Single
Father: Servando Q. Bartolome Jr. (Deceased)
Mother: Editha P. Bartolome Occupation: Manicurist
ELEMENTARY: Tuguegarao Northeast Central School 2011
HIGH SCHOOL: Cagayan National High School 2015
Personal Profile
Name: JC KING R. BIO
Address: Sta. Maria, Lal-lo, Cagayan
Age: 19
Birthday: May 19, 1999
Status: Single
Religion: Born Again
Father: Rolando T. Bio Occupation: Laborer
Mother: Alma R. Bio Occupation: Encoder
ELEMENTARY: Sta. Maria Elementary School 2011
HIGH SCHOOL: Lallo National High School 2015
Personal Profile
Name: JESSICA P. LUMIDO
Address: 24 Ipil-ipil St., Capatan, Tuguegarao City
Age: 19
Birthday: May 23, 1999
Status: Single
Father: Marlon C. Lumido Occupation: Businessman
Mother: Marites P. Lumido Occupation: Housewife
ELEMENTARY: Capatan Elementary School 2011
Personal Profile
Name: JADE MARIELLE E. QUILANG
Address: 26 Quilang St., Linao Norte, Tuguegarao City
Age: 20
Birthday: Sep. 04, 1998
Status: Single
Father: Joaquin B. Quilang Occupation: Non-uniformed personnel
Mother: Myleen E. Quilang Occupation: Freelance Hairdresser
ELEMENTARY: San Gabriel Elementary School 2011

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CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY- ANDREWS CAMPUS PAGE 1

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN PROTECTION DESK

College of Business, Entrepreneurship, and Accountancy

CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY

Of the Requirements for the degree

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN LEGAL MANAGEMENT

AQUINO, DIANNE HANNALY B.

QUILANG, JADE MARIELLE E.

knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another

acknowledgment is made in the text.

Aquino, Dianne Hannaly B.

Jaypee G. Alegado, MBA

February 07, 2019

Certificate of Approval for Oral Defense

This thesis entitled

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN PROTECTION DESK

Science in Legal Management.

CHONA P. AGUSTIN, DPA

JAYPEE G. ALEGADO, MBA

ADVISER’S GRADE: _______

CERTIFICATION FROM CRITIC TEACHER

February 07, 2019

of the research study entitled, “THE IMPLEMENTATION OF WOMEN AND

CHILDREN PROTECTION DESK PROGRAM: THE TUGUEGARAO CITY PNP

WCPD EXPERIENCE” conducted and prepared by DIANNE HANNALY AQUINO,

JESSICA BARTOLOME, JC KING BIO, JESSICA LUMIDO, and JADE

of Science in Legal Management Program.

and academic purposes it may serve.

MARIBEL F. MALANA, Ph.D.

This thesis titled

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN PROTECTION DESK

prepared and submitted by DIANNE HANNALY AQUINO, JESSICA BARTOLOME,

of Science in Legal Management Program.

CHONA P. AGUSTIN, DPA

Dean Antonia Josefa A. Taguinod, MBM

Chapter 1: The Problem and its Background 15-25

Statement of the Problem 19-20

Theoretical Framework 20-21

Paradigm of the Study 22

Significance of the Study 22-23

Scope and Delimitations of the Study 23-24

Definition of Terms 24-25

Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature and Studies 26-39

Chapter 3: Research Methodology 40-45

Chapter 4: Presentation, Interpretation, and Analysis of Data 46-57

Chapter 5: Summary of Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations 58-64

To Prof. Antonia Josefa Taguinod, Dean of College of Business, Entrepreneurship,

and no result will be presented;

This piece of art is dedicated to my family especially to my younger brother and

always been truly there for me. – Dianne Hannaly Aquino

I dedicate this to my family and friends. A special feeling of gratitude to my loving

journey. - Jessica Bartolome

This study is wholeheartedly dedicated to my beloved parents who have been a

You for the guidance. - JC King Bio

Title: THE IMPLEMENTATION OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN PROTECTION

civil status, educational qualification, appropriate eligibility, number of years in service,

extent of responsiveness to intervention measures and the degree of problems encountered

experience. In order to give justification to the study, Descriptive Analysis such as

respondents in terms of age, civil status, educational qualification, appropriate eligibility,

Adoption of a program of instruction designed for a more comprehensive formal training

continuous enhancement and development of human resources at WCPD can be made.

Humanity has been used to living in a community where stereotyping is evident in

evolution had resulted in creating more boundaries in the relationship of humankind.