ALLEN

THERMODYNAMICS
THEORY
KISHAN

2019
WHAT IS THERMODYNAMICS ?
THERMODYNAMICS is the branch of science
that describes the behaviour of matter and the
transformation between the different form of
energies on a macroscopic scale.
Thermodynamic describe the system in term
of its bulk properties. Only a few such
variable are needed to describe the system,
and the variables are genrally directly
accessible through measurement. A
thermodynamic description of matter does
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make reference to its structure and behaviour
at the macroscopic level.

THE LAW OF
THERMODYNAMICS
The law of thermodynamic is the law of
observation. No one has ever observsed that
any thing goes in contrary to thermodynamics
law. So we elevate this observation to the
status of thermodynamic law. The real
justification of this comes when things we
derive using the law turn’s out to be true that
is verified by the experiments.

APPLICATION OF
THERMODYNAMICS

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1] It provide relationship between heat, work
and measurable properties of matter.
2] it predict the direction of natural change-
like what circumstances a

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re best for rusting of iron.
3] it predicts up to what extent a chemical
reaction can proceed in forward direction.
4] it help in understanding why different
phases of matter exist- and provide simple
relationship between various measurable
properties of system.

BASIC DEFINITIONS:
[1] SYSTEM-: parts of universe under
investigation is called system
[2] SURROUNDING-: anything out side the
system is called surrounding
[3] TYPES OF SYSTEM-:
(a) closed system: A system which can
exchange only energy with surrounding.

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(b) open system: a system which can exchange
both energy and matter with surrounding
(c) isolated system: a system which can not
exchange matter or energy with surrounding
4] HOMOGENOUS SYSTEM:- system consist
of single phase.
5] HETROGENOUS SYSTEM:- a system
consist of many phases.
6] BOUNDARY:- the interface between syatem
and surrounding is called the boundary
7] WALL:- a real boundary is called wall.
8] TYPES OF WALL:-
(a) rigid wall:- the wall is immovable =Wpv=0
(b) non rigid wall:- the wall is movable
(c) adiabetic wall:- the heat exchange across
wall is q=0
(d) diathermic wall:- the can be exchange
across the wall
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9] PHASE:- by the term phase we mean
homogenous and physically distinct part of
the system which is bounded by a surface and
can be separated out physically from yhe
other part of the system