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Tema 7: Métodos numéricos en la transmisión de calor

METODOS NUMÉRICOS
EN TRANSMISIÓN DE
CALOR

1
JM Corberán, R Royo
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Tema 7: Métodos numéricos en la transmisión de calor

ÍNDICE

1. TRANSMISIÓN DE CALOR UNIDIRECCIONAL ESTACIONARIA

1.1. TRATAMIENTO DEL TÉRMINO FUENTE
1.2. CONDICIONES DE CONTORNO
2. TRANSMISIÓN DE CALOR UNIDIMENSIONAL TRANSITORIO

JM Corberán, R Royo 2
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Tema 7: Métodos numéricos en la transmisión de calor

1.TRANSMISION DE CALOR 1D ESTACIONARIA

d dT
(k ⋅ ) + S = 0
dx dx

W P E

qw qe

dx

dxw dxe
e e
qw − qe + ∫ S ⋅ dx = 0 dT dT
( k ⋅ ) e − ( k ⋅ ) w + ∫ S ⋅ dx = 0
w dx dx w

JM Corberán, R Royo 3
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Tema 7: Métodos numéricos en la transmisión de calor

W E
P

qw qe
e
dT dT
dx (k ⋅ ) e − ( k ⋅ ) w + ∫ S ⋅ dx = 0
dx dx w

dx w dx e

(TE − TP ) (T − T ) aP ⋅ TP = aE ⋅ TE + aW ⋅ TW + b
ke ⋅ − kw ⋅ P W + S M ⋅ ∆ x = 0
δ xe δ xw
ke kw N
aE = aW =
δ xe δ xw B
P
b = S M ⋅ ∆x a P = a E + aW E
W

aP ⋅TP =∑anb⋅Tnb+b T S
n
JM Corberán, R Royo 4
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Tema 7: Métodos numéricos en la transmisión de calor

1.1. TRATAMIENTO DEL TERMINO FUENTE:

S M = S C + S P ⋅ TP Supongamos una función lineal, donde Sc y Sp son

constantes.
ke kw
aE = aW =
a P ⋅ TP = a E ⋅ TE + aW ⋅ TW + b δ xe δ xw
S a P = aE + aW − S P ⋅ ∆ x b = SC ⋅ ∆ x

Los coeficientes de la ecuación discretizada

Sp deben ser positivos:

ap ⋅Tp =∑ anb ⋅Tnb Tnb Tp

T
S
∀n sign (anb ) = sign (ap ) 〉 0 Sp ≤ 0
Pendiente del término fuente negativa, o si no
S c, Sp=0 preferible un tratamiento como constante

JM Corberán, R Royo T T 5
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Tema 7: Métodos numéricos en la transmisión de calor

1.2. CONDICIONES DE CONTORNO:

1) TB = TCONOCIDA
B I
i 2) qB conocido

qB − qi +(Sc + SP ⋅TB) ⋅∆x = 0

∆x
δxi
ki ⋅(TB −TI )
qB − +(SC +SP ⋅TB) ⋅∆x =0
δ xi
ki
aB ⋅TB = aI ⋅TI +b aI =
δ xi
aB b
qB aI − SP ⋅∆ x SC ⋅∆ x +qB
qB = h⋅(Tf −TB) aI −SP ⋅ ∆ x +h SC ⋅ ∆x +h⋅ Tf

JM Corberán, R Royo 6
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Tema 7: Métodos numéricos en la transmisión de calor

2. TRANSMISIÓN DE CALOR 1D TRANSITORIO

∂T ∂ ∂T
ρ⋅ Cp ⋅ = (k ⋅ )
0: instante inicial ∂t ∂x ∂x
dx
1: instante final

W w P e E

dxw dxe
e t +∆t t +∆t e
∂T ∂ ∂T
ρ⋅ Cp ⋅ ∫ ∫ ⋅d t ⋅d x = ∫ ∫w ∂ x (k ⋅ ∂ x)⋅dx⋅dt
w t
∂t t

t+∆t
ke ⋅ (TE −TP) kw ⋅(TP −TW)
ρ⋅Cp ⋅∆x⋅(T −T ) =
1
P
0
P ∫
t
(
δ xe
−
δ xw
) ⋅d t
JM Corberán, R Royo 7
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Tema 7: Métodos numéricos en la transmisión de calor

Aplicando el teorema del valor medio:

t + ∆t

∫ T ⋅ dt = ( f ⋅T
t
1
P + (1− f ) ⋅ TP0 ) ⋅ ∆ t

ke ⋅(TE1 − TP1) kw ⋅ (Tp − Tw) ke ⋅ (TE0 −TP0) kw ⋅(Tp −Tw )

1 1 0 0

ρ ⋅ Cp ⋅ ∆ x⋅ (T − T ) = f ⋅(
1 0
− ) + (1− f )⋅ ( − )
p p
δ xe δ xw δ xe δ xw

a 1p ⋅ Tp1 = a1E ⋅ ( f ⋅ TE1 + (1 − f ) ⋅ TE0 ) + a 1w ⋅ ( f ⋅ Tw1 + (1 − f ) ⋅ Tw0 ) + (a 0p − (1 − f ) ⋅ a 1E − (1 − f ) ⋅ a 1w ) ⋅ Tp0

siendo:

ke kw ρ⋅Cp ⋅∆x
ae = aw = a0p = ap = f ⋅ aE + f ⋅ aW +a0p
δ xe δ xw ∆t

JM Corberán, R Royo 8
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Tema 7: Métodos numéricos en la transmisión de calor

•Si f=0, el esquema se denomina explícito:

a p ⋅ T p = a E ⋅ TE0 + aW ⋅ Tw0 + (a 0p − a E − aW ) ⋅ TP0
ρ⋅ CP ⋅ ∆x 2 ⋅ k ρ⋅ C p ⋅ ∆ x2
(a − a E − aW ) 〉 0 − 〉0⇒ ∆ t 〈
0
p Criterio de estabilidad ∆t ∆x 2 ⋅k

•Si f=0.5, esquema de Crank-Nicolson:

aE a a a + aW a
a p ⋅ Tp = ⋅ TE + W ⋅ TW + E ⋅ TE0 + (a 0p − E ) ⋅ TP0 + W ⋅ TW0
2 2 2 2 2

Incondicionalmente estable pero puede oscilar según el signo de

aE + aW
a 0p −
2
•Si f=1, esquema totalmente implícito:

a p ⋅ Tp = aE ⋅ TE + aW ⋅ TW + a 0p ⋅ Tp0
a P0 〉 0 ( S P ≤ 0)
Incondicionalmente estable

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JM Corberán, R Royo
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Tema 7: Métodos numéricos en la transmisión de calor

ESQUEMA TOTALMENTE IMPLÍCITO

En régimen unidimensional, la expresión quedaría:

a P ⋅ TP = a E ⋅ TE + aW ⋅ TW + b
k k ρ ⋅ Cp ⋅ ∆ x
aE = e aW = w ap =
0
b = SC ⋅ ∆ x + a 0p ⋅ Tp0
δ xe δ xw ∆t
aP = a E + aW + a 0P − S P ⋅ ∆ x
Para tres dimensiones:
aP ⋅ TP = aE ⋅ TE + aW ⋅ TW + aN ⋅ TN + aS ⋅ TS + aT ⋅ TT + aB ⋅ TB + b
kS ⋅ ∆ z ⋅ ∆ x kt ⋅ ∆ x ⋅ ∆ y kb ⋅ ∆ x ⋅ ∆ y
aS = aT = aB =
δ ys δ zt δ zb

ρ ⋅ Cp ⋅ ∆ x ⋅ ∆ y ⋅ ∆ z
a0p = b = SC ⋅ ∆ x ⋅ ∆ y ⋅ ∆ z + a0p ⋅ Tp0
∆t

ap = aE + aW + aW + aS + aT + aB + a0P − SP ⋅ ∆ x ⋅ ∆ y ⋅ ∆ z
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JM Corberán, R Royo