TOPIC: NERVOUS SYSTEM

PART A:

1. Describe the three (3) functions of the nervous system.

2. Describe the structure of a neuron and functions of the three (3) types of neurons.

3. What is a traumatic brain injury (TBI) and how do doctors explain the severity of a
TBI?

4. Suppose that a woman slips on ice in the winter and falls backwards, striking the back
of her head on the pavement. The accident results in a concussion to her. Which part of
the brain and sense might be affected?

5. What happen to the receptor for potassium gates at a neuromuscular junction and the
muscle after you invented a new medication.

6. Describe the three (3) anatomical and physiological changes that occur in the nervous
system as we age.

PART B:

QUESTION 1

Mukri wanted a toy on the top of the bookcase, so he climbed up the shelves. His mother ran
in when she heard the crash and lifted the heavy bookcase with one arm while pulling her son
out with the other. Later that day, she could not lift the bookcase back into position by herself.
How do you explain the temporary "supermom" effect?

QUESTION 2

The buzzing of the alarm clock awoke Masya. She stretched, yawned, and started to salivate
as he smelled the brewing coffee. List the divisions of the nervous system that are involved in
each of these activities.

QUESTION 3

Maya really looks forward to the great feeling she has after going for a nice long run on the
weekends. By the end of her run, she doesn't even feel the pain in her sore feet. Maya read in
a magazine that some kind of natural brain chemical was responsible for the "runner's high"
that she feels. Are there such chemicals in Maya's rain?
Part A
1. Nervous system has a three basic functions. The basic function of nervous system is
sensory, intergration and response. Sensory function is receiving information about
the environment to gain input about what is happening outside the body. The sensory
functions of the nervous system register the presence of a change from homeostasis or
a particular event in the environment, known as a stimulus. The senses we think of
most are the “big five” is the taste, smell, touch, sight, and hearing. The nervous
system produces a response on the basis of the stimuli perceived by sensory
structures. An obvious response would be the movement of muscles, such as
withdrawing a hand from a hot stove. The intergration is stimuli that are received by
sensory structures are communicated to the nervous system where that information is
processed
2. The neuron parts is cell body, axon, and dendrite. The types of neurons is sensory
neuron, motor neurons, and interneurons.
Sensory neurons receives information from the sensory receptors and carries the
impulse from the sense receptors to the central nervous system.
Motor neurons would then return the impulse back to the muscle or gland that would
need to respond.
Interneurons is pass signals from sensory neurons and other interneurons to motor
neurons and other interneurons.
3. TBI is an injury to the brain caused by a blow or jolt to the head from blunt or
penetrating trauma. The person with traumatic brain injury may be confused, not
remember what happened, have blurry vision and dizziness, or lose consciousness.
More-serious traumatic brain injury can result in bruising, torn tissues, bleeding and
other physical damage to the brain. These injuries can result in long-term
complications or death.
4. Occipital lobe
5. It blocks the receptor for potassium gates at a neuromuscular junction. The muscle
would be more likely to contract, because the receptors for inhibitory
neurotransmitters would be blocked
6. The size of the brain is then reduced slightly and some neurons are lost in some
selected parts of the brain such as the locus ceruleus, substantia nigra, hippocampus,
caudate nucleus, putamen, and cerebral cortex. Even though the number of nerve cells
is decreased, the rest of the cells compensate for the loss by generating branches. As a
result,total dendrites of the cortex and hippocampus are even increased until the
forties to sixties. Afterward, the dendrites become reduced in number in the eighties
and nineties.

Part B
1. The "supermom" effect was due to activation of the sympathetic nervous system
resulting in a fight-or-flight response. The heart rate, force of contraction, and blood
pressure increased, blood flow to the muscles increased, and glucose and ATP
production increased. The release of the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine
also increased.
2. Smelling coffee and hearing alarm are somatic sensory, stretching and yawning are
somatic motor, salivating is autonomic (parasympathetic) motor.
3. Natural brain chemical that Maya have is endorphins. These endorphins interact with
the receptors in brain that reduce perception of pain. Endorphins act as analgesics,
which means they diminish the perception of pain. Endorphins also act as sedatives.
Endorphins are manufactured in brain, spinal cord, and many other parts of body and
are released in response to brain chemicals called neurotransmitters. The neuron
receptors endorphins bind to are the same ones that bind some pain medicines.
However, unlike with morphine, the activation of these receptors by the body's
endorphins does not lead to addiction or dependence