GROUPR 1 DR.

CARMELITA LIPIO
INTORDUCTION TO RESEARCH
Reporter: JOSEPH B. APOYON
MAED 101 (METHODS OF RESEARCH)

At the end of the day, we should able to know:

I. The Importance of Research
II. The Meaning of Research
IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH
 Is a valuable tool to produce needed changes?
 It is a pathway to progress and development.
 In conducting research, is to address problems that need to be solved.
 To look into situations that require improvements, review policies that must be revised and programs of
actions that demand modifications to be truly responsive to complex human existence.
WHAT IS RESEARCH
 According to Aguinaldo(2002,p.2), research is a “purposive, systematic, and scientific process of
gathering, classifying, organizing, presenting, analysing and interpreting data for the solution of a
problem, for prediction, for invention, for the discovery of truth, or for the expansion or verification of
existing knowledge, all for the preservation and improvement of the quality of life.”
 Sevilla et. Al (1992, p.2) defines research as “searching for theory, for testing theory or for solving a
problem. It means a problem exists and has been identified and that the solution of the problem is
necessary.”
 According to Andres (1998) defines research as a “careful, critical inquiry or examination in seeking facts
or principles, a diligent investigation to ascertain something. It is an unbiased investigation of a problem
based, insofar as possible, on demonstrable facts, and involves refined distinctions, interpretations, and
usually some generalizations.”

KINDS OF RESEARCH ACCORDING TO PURPOSE

Reporter: REYNALINE D. PATAYON
MAED 101 (METHODS OF RESEARCH)

Research is generally classified into:

1. Basic or pure research
2. Applied research
Basic or pure research
-when research is conducted to develop theories and principles, for intellectual pursuit of knowledge and acquire
learning, it is classified as basic or pure research.
Applied research
-when the results of basic research are used and or utilized to address situations and or solve problems, research
is classified as applied research.
CHARACTERISITCS NEEDED TO BE A GOOD RESEARCHER
1. Knowledge Oriented- A good researcher must believe in the value and power of knowledge. He must
appreciate and seek knowledge for knowledge’s sake. Any research endeavor is an attempt to acquire and
contribute knowledge to a particular field of specialization and a researcher must be prepared to do a lot
of voluminous readings and frequent long trips to the libraries and other places of information.
2. Open-minded-a good researcher must be open to various ideas, views, criticisms, and feedbacks from other
people or fellow researchers.
3. Hardworking-research is a difficult challenge. There is no easy path towards achieving meaningful things. It
takes a lot of time, resources and efforts. In research, there is no substitute for hardwork. Intelligence alone
is not sufficient to search for great knowledge. As Thomas Edison once said, there is no substitute for
hardwork.
4. Resourceful- pursuing research requires a great deal of time, money, materials and other resources. One
needs to make frequent trips to different places where information can be gathered. One needs to acquire
needed documents and references. One needs to conduct the study involving a certain number of
respondents or participants. All of these require resources and manpower support.
5. Scientific in attitude-it requires a scientific attitude of acquiring data, analyzing and interpreting such data
to make it a part of the body of knowledge. A researcher will do well if he will approach or treat data
objectively, that is, without bias or prejudice to anyone. Rational thinking, rather than personal feelings, is
used to examine the problem and the data of the study.
GROUPR 1 DR. CARMELITA LIPIO
THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD OF RESEARCH AN OVERVIEW
Science- is a method of discovering and acquiring liable knowledge (Schafersman, 1994)
Reliable knowledge is knowledge that can be verified because its veracity has been established by a reliable method.
The three central components of scientific or critical thinking, according to Schafersman, are the following:
1. The Use of Emperical Evidence (empirism)
2. The Practice of Logical Reasoning (rationalism)
3. The Possession of a Skeptical Attitude (skepticism)

Empiricism-is evidence that can be discerned by and or susceptible to the senses. It is something that can be
experience by others aside from the researcher.
Rationalism- Logic is the art of reasoning correctly. Logical reasoning is a skill and or discipline that is best learned
in a formal educational environment where people are encouraged to reason out freely. Statements
and arguments must be based on evidence after it has been thoroughly analyzed.
Skepticism- is the constant evaluation of one beliefs and conclusions. Good scientists and researchers constantly
examine the evidence, arguments and reasons for their beliefs.

Five distinct steps involved in the scientific method of research and these are as follow:
1. The research problem should be clearly identified. This may be an unexplained discrepancy in one’s field of
knowledge or a gap to be closed.
2. Steps should be taken to define the problem more precisely to establish its scope and limits.
3. Efforts should be exerted to search out every possible solution. Ideas are considered and one’s imagination
and freedom of thought are allowed and should be encouraged.
4. 4. Researcher should be able to project the consequences of each of the possible solutions that have been
conceived.
5. Researcher should test the solutions to find out what consequences actually bring results.

COMMON PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED IN RESEARCH

Reporter: ANGELIE B. PENAFLOR
MAED 101 (METHODS OF RESEARCH)

1. Difficulty in finding or conceptualizing a good research problem.

2. Scarcity or unavailability of updated and relevant references.
3. Financial (limited budget or funds)
4. Time Constraints
5. How to put into writing one’s ideas.
6. Lack of teamwork among the group members or inadequate assistance.
7. Uncooperative respondents or officials of an institution.
8. Personal problems get in the way of a good research work.

THESIS WRITING

The written report of a research conducted is commonly termed as a “research paper” or a research report.
Thesis paper is one of the major requirements in the fulfilment of an undergraduate and or masteral degree.
Dissertation paper is the term that applies to the research papers of those completing their doctoral degree.

WHAT IS THESIS
 A “thesis” begins with a problem that needs to be solved or addressed. It is a written product of the
systematic study of a significant problem.
 A thesis is a product of the write’s inquisitive mind and is based on his own inquiry and critical
thinking. The finished product of a thesis must reflect originality, critical and independent thinking,
appropriate organization and format, clarify of objectives, and accurate and thorough data gathering.
 The thesis must be a contribution to the field of knowledge based upon the researcher’s own
research or a treatment and presentation of known subject matter from a new point of view.
 The essence of a thesis is an empirical analysis of data to formulate objective conclusions and useful,
and feasible recommendation for the improvement of a particular situation, program of action
certain policies of an institution.
GROUPR 1 DR. CARMELITA LIPIO
AN OVERVIEW OF THE STEPS IN THESIS WRITING
Reporter: RONNIE JR. J. CAYOMO
MAED 101 (METHODS OF RESEARCH)
Objectives:
To identify the steps in writing a thesis
To discuss the parts of a thesis
To appreciate and apply thesis in daily undertakings

1. Information gathering to formulate a significant research problem.

2. Conceptualization of a good research problem for the title defense.
3. Defense of the proposed research topics/titles.
4. Gathering of comprehensive references from the library and other sources.
5. Proper documentation of reviewed related literature and studies.
6. Extensive consultation with the thesis adviser and the thesis coordinator throughout the research work.
7. Formulation of a thesis proposal (chapter I-III)
8. Defense of the thesis proposal.
9. Preparing the research instrument.
10. Field work to gather needed research data.
11. Analysis of data in coordination with the adviser and statistician.
12. Writing of chapter IV to present data and its analysis and interpretation.
13. Writing chapter v to present the summary of findings, the researcher`s conclusions and recommendations.
14. Reviewing and editing the manuscript for the final defense in coordination with the thesis adviser.
15. Preparing the PowerPoint presentation of the thesis paper for defense.
16. Conducting a mock defense as prescribed and scheduled by the thesis adviser.
17. Submitting the thesis paper for final defense.
18. Revisiting the thesis paper based on the panellists’ recommendations.
19. Submission of the revised thesis paper for content approval (first to adviser and statistician, then to panellists,
thesis coordinator, area chairperson and finally to the academic dean of the institution for the release of the
approval sheet).
20. Submission of the four (4) hardbound copies of the thesis paper for final signature (following strictly this
sequence; adviser, coordinator, the panellists, area chairperson and finally to the institution dean)

PARTS OF A THESIS PAPER

I. PRELIMINARY PAGE
Title page Scope and limitations of the study
Approval sheet Definitions of terms
Abstract CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Acknowledgement AND STUDIES
Table of contents Foreign literature
List of tables Local literature
List of figures Foreign studies
II. TEXT OR THE MAIN BODY Local studies
Chapter I Synthesis
Chapter II CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Chapter III Research design
Chapter IV Respondents of the study
Chapter V Research locale
III. BACK MATTERS Instrumentation
References or Bibliography Data gathering procedure
Appendix Statistical treatment and data
Curriculum vitae or Biographical sketch
CHAPTER I: THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING CHAPTER IV: PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND
Introduction INTERPRETATION
Background of the study CHAPTER V: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND
Statement of the problem RECOMMENDATION
Hypothesis
Significance of the study
Theoretical framework
Conceptual framework/research paradigm
GROUPR 1 DR. CARMELITA LIPIO
FORMULATION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD RESEARCH PROBLEM
Reporter: IDINA ALVAREZ
MAED 101 (METHODS OF RESEARCH)

What is a research problem?

-any question that you want answered and any assumption or assertion that you want to challenge or
investigate.
-is a perceived gap between what is and what should be.
However, not all questions can be transformed into research problems.

FORMULATION OF A GOOD RESEARCH PROBLEM

This is the first step in conducting a research work. This however, is considered as one of the challenging
and difficult phase of any research project. In fact, the selection of a good research problem is a discovery in
itself.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD RESEARCH PROBEM
Many authors of research books put fort the following as some of the characteristics of a good research
problem:
Specific
Measurable
Attainable
Realistic
Time-bound

OTHER CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD RESEARCH PROBLEM

Reporter: SHEREE MAE P. BETITA
MAED 101 (METHODS OF RESEARCH)

 A GOOD RESEARCH PROBLEM MUST BE TIMELY AND OR UP-TO-DATE IN TODAY’S MODERN WORLD.
 IT MUST BE RESEARCHABLE THROUGH A SCIENTIFIC METHODOLOGY.
 IT MUST BE INNOVATIVE OR IS A PROBABLE STEP TO PRODUCE NOVEL SOLUTIONS.
 ITS SOLUTION MUST BE RELEVANT AND BENEFICIAL TO A GOOD NUMBER OF PEOPLE.
 IT SHOULD BE INTERESTING AND CHALLENGING TO SOLVE ESPECIALLY TO THE RESEARCHER AND TO
THE AREA OF SPECIALIZATION TO WHICH HE BELONGS.
 IT HAS ENOUGH RELATED READINGS TO HELP THE RESEARCHER IN MAKING A COMPREHENSIVE
EXPLORATION.
 ITS SOLUTION IS SIGNIFICANT TO COMMUNITY OR LOCAL AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT.

POSSIBLE SOURCES OF RESEARCH PROBLEMS

PERSONAL EXPERIENCES IN LIFE
EXISTING PROGRAMS THAT NEED TO BE IMPROVED
FURTHER INQUIRY OF A CONDUCTED STUDY
THROUGH CONSULTATION WITH EXPERTS
THROUGHN EXTENSIVE READINGS IN THE LIBRARIES

GROUP 1 Reporters
TOPIC: Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH

JOSEPH B. APOYON
REYNALINE D. PATAYON
ANGELIE B. PENAFLOR
RONNIE JR. J. CAYOMO
IDINA ALVAREZ
SHEREE MAE P. BETITA

“The greatest part of a writer's time is spent in reading, in order to write: a man will turn over half a library to
make one book.”

― Samuel Johnson, The Life of Samuel Johnson LL.D. Vol 2