1 Long term design tensile strength TD = Ul mate tensile strength / (Global reduc on factor x Ramifica on factor)

2 Long term design tensile strength in Rupture TD = TD x Coverage ra o for Rupture

3 Coverage Ra o

3.1 In Rupture & Pullout,

Width of the Panel Wp = m

Width of each strip of Geogrid bs = m

No. strips for each connec on n =

Coverage ra o (Rc = 2*n*bs / Wp) RcR & RcP =

3.2 In Pullout due to overlapping of Geogrids,

Coverage ra o for 1 geogrid (n*bs/Wp) Rc1 =

Coverage ra o (RcP = RcR+Rc1)/2) RcP =

4 Spacing between the reinforcements (as per IRC SP: 102-2014 sec0on:5.2)

Ver cal spacing of Primary reinforcement should not exceed 800 mm.

Maximum height of the facing above uppermost reinforcement and below lowermost reinforcement does not exceed 400 mm.

5 External Stability of the RE wall

The effect of external loadings on the MSE mass, which increases sliding resistance, should only be included if the loadings are permanent. For example, live load traffic surcharges
should be excluded.
Dead load over the RE wall = thickness of the pavement x unit weight of the pavement

Retaining walls shall be designed to withstand a live load surcharge equivalent to 1.2m height of earthfill. (As per IRC 78:2014 Cl 710.6.9)

5.1 Ver cal loads calculated per m run

Self weight of the reinforced fill V1 = Length of the reinforcement x Hd x Unit weight of the fill x PF

Dead load surcharge over reinforced fill V2 = Dead load x Length of the reinforcement x PF

Traffic surcharge over reinforced fill V3 = Live load x Length of the reinforcement x PF

Dead load due to the weight of the crash barrier V4 = Strip load x Width of the strip load x PF

5.2 Horizontal loads calculated per m run

Self weight of the retained soil fill H1 = ½ x Hd2 x unit weight of the retained fill x Ka (retained fill) x PF

Dead load surcharge over retained fill H2 = Dead load x Hd x Ka (retained fill) x PF

Traffic surcharge over retained fill H3 = Live load x Hd x Ka (retained fill) x PF

5.3 Resis ng Moments per m run

Due to self weight of reinforced fill = V1 x Length of reinforcement/2

Due to Dead load surcharge over reinforced fill = V2 x Length of reinforcement/2

Due to Traffic surcharge over reinforced fill = V3 x Length of reinforcement/2

Due to the weight of the crash barrier = V4 x Width of the strip load/2

5.4 Overturning Moments per m run

Due to self weight of retained fill = H1 x Hd/3

Due to Dead load surcharge over retained fill = H2 x Hd/2

Due to Traffic surcharge over retained fill = H3 x Hd/2

6 Internal Stability of the reinforcements

1st layer

Height of the layer from bo1om zj = m

Height of the layer from top hj = m

Ver cal spacing Svj = m

Provided length of the reinforcement Lj = m

6.1 Check for Rupture of the reinforcement

(Lj x hj x Unit weight of the fill x PF)

(Dead load x Lj x PF)

Sum of all the ver cal forces at the layer Rvj
(Ver0cal strip load is not considered)
=
+

(Live load x Lj x PF)

½ x hj2 x unit weight of the retained fill x Ka (retained fill) x PF

Dead load x hj x Ka (retained fill) x PF

Sum of all the Horizontal forces at the layer Rhj
(Horizontal strip load is not considered) =
+

Live load x hj x Ka (retained fill) x PF

(Lj x hj x Unit weight of the fill x PF) x Lj/2

(Dead load x Lj x PF) x Lj/2

Sum of all the resis ng moments at the layer MRj =
+

(Live load x Lj x PF) x Lj/2

(½ x hj2 x unit weight of the retained fill x Ka (retained fill) x PF) x hj/3

(Dead load x hj x Ka (retained fill) x PF) x hj/2

Sum of all the overturning moments at the layer MOj =
+

(Live load x hj x Ka (retained fill) x PF) x hj/2

Lj/2 – (Mrj – Moj) / Rvj

Eccentricity at the layer ej =

Ka rein*Rvj*Svj/(Lj-2ej)
Tensile force per m run Tpj =

hj+bf if hj ≤ (2d-bf) or (hj+bf)/2 if hj > (2d-bf)

Dj =

Ka rein*Svj*ffs*SL/Dj
Tensile force per m run for ver cal strip load Tsj =

Tpj + Tsj
Maximum ul mate limit state tensile force to be Tj
resisted by the layer per m run =

Long term design tensile strength TD/fn ≥ Tj

Criteria for Rupture =
> Tj SAFE

6.2 Check for Pullout of the reinforcement

Lj - (Hd-hj)tan(45-φ/2)
Length of the reinforcement in resis ng zone Lej =

2 x no. of strips x width of each strip

Total horizontal width of the top and bo1om faces Pj
of the reinforcement =

Rcp(µLej(ffsγreinhj + ffWD) / fpfn

Resis ng force against the pullout Trj =

Maximum ul mate limit state tensile force to be Tj

resisted by the layer per m run =

Pj ≥ Tj/Trj
Criteria for Rupture =
< Pj SAFE
6.2 Check for Internal sliding of the reinforcement

(Lj x hj x Unit weight of the fill x PF)

(Dead load x Lj x PF)

+
Sum of all the ver cal forces at the layer Rvj
(Ver0cal strip load is considered)
=
(Live load x Lj x PF)

(Ver cal strip load x bf x PF)

½ x hj2 x unit weight of the retained fill x Ka (retained fill) x PF

Dead load x hj x Ka (retained fill) x PF

+
Sum of all the Horizontal forces at the layer Rhj =
(Horizontal strip load is considered)
Live load x hj x Ka (retained fill) x PF

Horizontal strip load x bf x Ka (retained) x PF

Rvj/Rhj x a’dstanφrein/fms ≥ 1.30

Criteria for Internal sliding =
> 1.30 SAFE

Addi0onal method:

Factor to be mul0plied with Rv Sliding = (1-Rc)*Tan(φrein) + Rc*Tan-( a’dstanφrein)

Factor µ to be mul0plied Pullout = If ((zj+0.6)<6,(0.5+0.1*(6-(zj+0.6))),0.5)