IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT)

e-ISSN: 2319-2402,p- ISSN: 2319-2399.Volume 13, Issue 3 Ser. II (March. 2019), PP 71-89
www.iosrjournals.org

Avifaunal Diversity in Western Ghats Regions of Shimoga and

Chikmagalur Districts, Karnataka, India
Sharath V.G1, Devi Prasad A.G2
1
(Research Scholar, Department of Environmental Science, University of Mysore, Manasa Gangotri, Mysore-
570006,India)
2
(Professor, Department of Environmental Science, University of Mysore, Manasa Gangotri, Mysore-
570006,India)
Corresponding Author: Sharath V.G

Abstract: Diversity of birds and their status were examined in the western ghat regions of Shimoga and
Chikmagalur districts. Field exploration was made in these areas for a period of 2 years. The objective of the
investigation included evaluation of species composition, relative abundance and distribution of avifauna in the
selected region. Line and point transect method were used for the survey purpose. A total of 263 species of birds
belonging to 61 families of 17 orders were recorded. In the present study 1.9% Anseriformes, 3.8%
Columbiformes, 4.56% Galliformes, 3.8% Cuculiformes, 2.66 % Gruiformes, 9.88% Pelicaniformes, 2.28%
Charadriiformes, 5.7% Acciptriformes, 0.38% Falconiformes, 2.28% Strigiformes, 0.38% Trogoniformes, 1.9%
Bucerotiformes, 7.22% Piciformes, 4.56% Coraciiformes, 1.9% Psittaciformes, 0.76 Caprimulgiformes and
46.007% Passeriformes were recorded.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------
Date of Submission: 04-03-2019 Date of acceptance: 20-03-2019
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I. Introduction
Avian population is the key component of the forest ecosystem since they play major roles as
consumers, pollinators, predators, dispersers, indicators etc,. (MacArthur and MacArthur 1961) Number of
environmental factors are known to influence the population of birds directly, such as availability of food,
nesting materials, location of nesting sites, developmental activities, presence of predators, presence of
competitors etc,.are the major ones that influence the breeding and foraging of birds and simultaneously their
population. Population studies have been traditionally used to monitor long term changes in avian population
and to assess both habitat quality and the responses of birds to both natural and human caused environmental
changes (A Temple and Wiens, 1989).The studies made byBasavarajappa (2006)on the avifauna of agro-
ecosystems of maidan area has emphasized the need to conduct research on the status and biology of water birds
to have exact information on the ecological role of birds associated with wetlands. Diversity of avifauna is one
of the most important ecological indicators to evaluate the quality of habitats (Manjunath and Joshi, 2012). It is
a well established fact that avifauna indicate the healthy status of a region owing to the availability of resources
such as food, clean water, safe habitat for nesting and breeding. Species richness in an area is dependent on the
availability of food, climate, evolutionary history and predation pressure (E.A Jayson and D N Mathew
2000).India being a mega diversity centre harbors about 1300 species of birds (Javed and Kaul 2000).The
Western Ghats has about 508 bird species with 3.5% endemism has been reported
(RajmohanaandRadhakrishnan 2008). Apparently the Indian bird population has been dwindling due to
direct/indirect impact from increasing human population (Balachandran et al. 2005), habitat loss,
fragmentation, and severe biotic pressure. As far as avian diversity of India is concerned, many workers have
done a lot of work on this regard. While many common species are spread over large areas of the Indian
subcontinent others may be limited to a region. Since the subcontinent has a dense population, the birds which
adapt themselves to human habitat flourish well (Manjunath and Joshi, 2012).Bird community evaluation has
become an important tool in biodiversity conservation which is necessitating documentation of the current status
of bird species for future monitoring and conservation (Islam &Rahmani 2004). The present study is focused on
the evaluation of distribution, diversity and abundance of avifauna in the chosen regions of Western ghats which
will provide the baseline information for the conservation and management of their habitats.

DOI: 10.9790/2402-1303027189 www.iosrjournals.org 71 | Page

 Avifaunal Diversity in Western Ghats Regions of Shimoga and Chikmagalur Districts, Karnat….

II. Materials And Methods

STUDY AREA:
Field exploration and survey was undertaken in western ghat regions of Shimoga and Chikmagalur districts.
Shimogalies between 13°21' to 14° 8'N and 75 °5' to 75° 45' E. Shimoga borders Davangere district in the north,
Chikmagalur district in the south and south west, Dashina Kannada and Udupi districts in the west. The forests
of the division almost entirely lie within Shimoga district extending over major parts of Shimoga and
Thirthahallitaluks. The total forest area coming under the Shimoga as per working plan 2001 is 67551.44
hectares of which 26388.52 hectares are State forests and 35843.36 hectares are minor forests.The forest
consists of about 13,000 hectares of evergreen and semi-evergreen forests about 23,000 hectares of closed
deciduous forests about 12,500 hectares of plantations and about 19,000 hectares of degraded and open forest
lands in the division (Sahyadri conservation series 2013)

.
Fig 1: MAP SHOWING THE VEGETATION DISTRIBUTION OF SHIMOGA
(Classification as per Champion and Seth, 1968)

Chickmagalur is surrounded by the Chandra Dronha hills and dense forests. The district is between
12° 54´ 42´´ and 13° 53´ 53´´ north latitude and between 75° 04´ 46´´ and 76° 21´ 50´´ east longitude.30% of the
district (2108.62 km²) is covered with forests. Chickmagalur borders Shimoga district to the North, Davanagere
district to the north-east, Chitradurga and Tumkur to the East, Hassan district to the south, Dakshina-Kannada to
the southwest and Udupi district to the south-west. Chickmagalur has forest area of 3.49 lakhs Ha.

Fig 2: MAPS SHOWING THE VEGETATION DISTRIBUTION OF CHIKMAGALUR(Classification as

per Champion and Seth, 1968)

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 Avifaunal Diversity in Western Ghats Regions of Shimoga and Chikmagalur Districts, Karnat….

In this study, 30+ different habitats of Shimoga and Chickmagalur districts were selected after doing
random sampling and surveyof the forest area. The selected places such as Agumbe reserve forest (13.310719°N
& 75.052604°E - Woodland ecosystem, 13.310575°N & 75.052354°E -Grassland Ecosystem, 13.508779°N &
75.096358°E-Wetland Ecosystem), Mallandur (13.41992097°N & 75.12278584°E), Onakabbe (13.475951°N &
75.116063°E) Jogigundi (13.41992097°N & 75.107613°E) Doddamane (13.50920°N & 75.095329°E-
Terrestrial Ecosystem, 13.508930°N & 75.092962°E–Wetland), Megalabailu (13.418805°N & 75.305223°E),
Kerekatte (13.325205°N & 75.145068°E-Terrestrial, 13.325001°N & 75.145020°E), Sirimane falls, Yedahalli
(13.386842°N & 75.180806°E), Theerthahalli (13.690360°N & 75.250693°E), Sagar (14.1514610°N &
75.032767°E), MallaliKoppa (13.878926°N & 75.204830°E) Soraba (14.334994°N & 75.052981°E-Terrestrial
Ecosystem, 14.400775°N & 75.073137°E-Aquatic ecosystem) and few other random places of Shivmoga
Districts. Vastre (13.272641°N & 75.713349°E), Menase (13.251201°N & 75.155494°E), Koppa (13.528728°N
& 75.362397°E), Gonebidu (13.098847°N & 75.704617°E), Mudigere (13.137367°N & 75.704617E), Pura
(13.134338°N & 75.739204°E), Aldur (13.246537°N & 75.643069°E), Huigere (13.277214°N & 75.496162°E),
Hebri ( 13.273390°N & 74.593520°E), Sringeri ( 13.253838°N & 75.255932°E) of Chickmagalur districts were
monitored regularly for 7-10 days in the different months of the year.
The investigation was carried out at regular intervals from 2015 to 2017 and the checklist was regularly
updated by surveying each area by foot. As the habitats varied considerably, the avifauna was assessed using
both point count and line transect methods (variable width line transect method (Burnham et al 1980)). For point
count method which was adapted for wetland birds had a fixed radius of 30m. About 30-45 minutes were spent
in each point count site. 4-5 transect lines were plotted in each site which were of 300m roughly. The transect
line was walked at a slow pace for about 30-45 minutes and Birding was done in the early hour’s i.e from
morning 6.30 to 10.00AM and also 16.00 to 18.30 in the evening. A questionnaire was preparede to collect
information from the villagers/tribes in our path. All the observed birds in the site were roughly enumerated and
entered into a standard field data sheet which included physical parameters like temperature, cloud cover, wind,
humidity etc. More than 80 transects lines were laid and observed for the birds. Point count method was carried
out in the banks of lakes, rivers, on steeply areas and other places where transect method couldn’t be carried out.
Birds were sighted using a 10X50 wide angle Celestron binocular and the birds were photographed
using Canon 60d and 600d cameras using three different lens (i) 18-135mm (ii) 55-250mm & (iii) Tamron 150-
600mm telescopic lens. Birds were identified with the help of local bird watchers, farmers and wild life
professionals and the identification was confirmed by authentic scientific literature on birds (felid books). Calls
of invisible unknown birds whose voices clearly audible were also noted down while unrecognized bird calls
were recorded using a recorder and identified later with the help of bird experts, internetand android apps‘Bird
Sounds’ and ‘Indian Birds’. Birds which couldn’t be identified on spot were photographed or key identification
characters were noted down and identified using felid guides viz (i) The book of Indian sub-continent by Dr.
Salim Ali and (ii) Common birds of Indian sub-continent by Ananda Banerjee (iii) Hakki Pukka by Poorna
Chandra Tejaswi & (iv) Illustrated Encyclopedia of Birds by Word Life.The birds were categorized according to
their respective status as Residents(Re), Migratory(M), Resident migratory or Local Migratory(ReM), Winter
Migratory(WM), Very Common(VC), Common(C), Rare(R), Very Rare(VR) and the trends of population was
determined by analyzing the regularly updated checklist of 2 years.The bird species were categorized order and
wise family (Table 1).

Table 1:In this study, the following check list of the birds has been made which includes trends of population of
every species as per the observations and discussions made with the experts, villagers, forest officials and tribes
of the respected regions.
H S
MIG
OC A NEST T TREND
COMM SCIEN REGION RAT
ORD FAMI CUR BI FO SE ING A OF
SL.NO ON TIFIC AL ORY
ER LY REN T OD X PERI T POPUL
NAME NAME NAME STA
CE A OD U ATION
TUS
T S
Fulvous Dendroc Kandhush
W Ali Jan- L Decreasi
whistling ygnabicl illebaathu C ReM O
L ke Mar C ng
Duck our koli
Lesser Dendroc
Shillebaat W Ali Jan- L Decreasi
whistling ygnajava C Re O
hukoli L ke Mar C ng
Duck nica
Anser Anatid
1 Di
iform ae Spot- Anaspoe
Charlebaa W mo Jul- L Decreasi
es billed cilorhyn VC Re H
thukoli L rph Sep C ng
Duck cha
ic
Bar-
Anser Pattethale W Ali Apr- L Decreasi
headed R M H
indicus hebbathu L ke Jun C ng
Goose

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 Avifaunal Diversity in Western Ghats Regions of Shimoga and Chikmagalur Districts, Karnat….
Di
Northern Anasclyp W mo Apr- L Decreasi
Patte gore C M O
Shoveler eata L rph Jun C ng
ic
Nilgiri Columba
Ali Apr- V Decreasi
Wood elphinsto - UC Re EF F
ke Jun u ng
Pigeon nii
Laughing
Spilopeli
/Little
a Kandu F/ Ali All L
Brown/se C Re H Stable
senegale beleva SL ke Year C
negal
nsis
Dove
Spotted/C
hinese/M Spilopeli Chore
ountain/L a hakki/Hor F/ Ali All L Increasi
C Re H
ace- chinensi asalu SL ke Year C ng
neckd s hakki
Dove
Eurasian
Streptop
Collared/ Belavana Ali All L Increasi
elia C Re SL H
Ring hakki ke Year C ng
decaocto
Dove
Emerald/
Di
Green/Gr Chalcop Haralu
Colu mo L Decreasi
een haps chore C Re F H/F -
mbifo Colum rph C ng
2 Winged indica hakki
rmes bidae ic
Dove
Pampado
Treron Maniyada Ali L Decreasi
ur Green VC Re F H/F -
bicinthus lu hakki ke C ng
Pigeon
Yellow
Footed/le Treron
Ali Mar- L Increasi
gged phoenico - C Re F F
ke June C ng
Green pterus
Pigeon
Green
Ducula Gummad Ali Mar- L Decreasi
Imperial UC Re F F
aenea alu hakki ke Jun C ng
Pigeon
Rock
F/
Pigeon/ Columba Paarivaal Ali All L Decreasi
VC Re H H
Rock livia a ke Year C ng
S
Dove
Kem
Red Streptop Di
beleva/M
Collared/ elia mo All L
ani UC Re F H Stable
Turtle tranqueb rph Year C
horasalu
Dove arica ic
hakki
Di
Indian Pavocris mo Jan- L
Navilu UC Re F O Stable
Peafowl tatus rph Sep C
ic
Di
Common Coturnix mo Aug- L
Batera UC Re SL O Stable
Quail coturnix rph Apr C
ic
Galloper
Red Ali All L
dixspadi Chittukoli UC Re F O Stable
Spurfowl ke year C
cea*
Gowjigan
Gallar Francoli
Phasia Grey ahakki/Te
3 iform nus C Ali All L
nidae Patridge/ etar/ UC Re O Stable
es pondicer L ke year C
Francolin Boodu
ianus
Koujuga
Di
Black Couturm
Kappubat mo Mar- L
breasted ixcorom C Re SL O Stable
era rph Oct C
Quail andelica
ic
Di
Jungle
Perdicul Kaadubur mo Aug- L
bush C Re SL O Stable
aasiatica li/koli rph Mar C
Quail
ic
Rock Perdicul Podhebur Di L Decreasi
UC Re SL H -
bush aargoon li m C ng

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 Avifaunal Diversity in Western Ghats Regions of Shimoga and Chikmagalur Districts, Karnat….
Quail dah* mo
rph
ic
Perdicul Di
Painted Bannada
aerythro mo L Decreasi
bush podheburl UC Re SL H -
rhyncha rph C ng
Quail i
* ic
Di
Francol Kemman
Painted mo All L Decreasi
onuspict degoujug UC Re SL O
Francolin rph year C ng
us ahakki
ic
Francoli Di
Grey nus Goujalak mo L Decreasi
UC Re SL O -
Francolin pondicer ki rph C ng
ianus ic
Di
Grey Gallus
Boodhika C mo L Decreasi
jungle sonnerat UC Re O -
adukoli L rph C ng
Fowl ti
ic
Di
Red
Gallus Kaadukol H mo L Decreasi
jungle C Re O -
gallus i S rph C ng
Fowl
ic
Crow
Centrop
Pheasant/ Kemboot Ali Feb- L
ussinensi VC Re F Cr Stable
Greater ha ke Sep C
s
Coucal
Centrop
Lesser Kemboot Ali L
usbengal C Re F Cr - Stable
Coucal ha ke C
ensis
Clamato
Pied Jaathakap Ali Jun- L
rjacobin C M F O Stable
Cuckoo akshi ke Aug C
us
Cuculus F/
Indian Ali Mar- L
micropte - R M C Cr Stable
Cuckoo ke Jun C
rus L
Cocoma
Branded
ntis Ali Mar- L Decreasi
Bay - R M F Cr
sonnerat ke Jun C ng
Cuckoo
ii
Common Hieroco
4 Cucul Cuculi Kogile Ali Mar- L
hawk ccyxvari C Re F Cr Stable
iform dae chaana ke Jun C
Cuckoo us
es
Di
Eudyna
Asian H mo Apr- L
mysscolo Kogile C Re O Stable
Koel S rph Aug C
paceus
ic
Fork
Surnicul
tailed Ali L
uslugubr Inchara C Re F O - Stable
drongo ke C
is
Cuckoo
Blue Phaenic
faced/Gre ophaeus Ali Mar- L
- UC Re SL O Stable
en Billed viridiros ke Aug C
Malkoha tris
Taccocu
Sirkeer a Ali Mar- L
- UC Re SL O Stable
Malkoha leschena ke Aug C
ulti
Slaty Rallinae
W Ali L Decreasi
legged urizonoi - UC Re O -
L ke C ng
Crake ds
Ruddy-
Zaporni Kemneer W Ali L Unknow
breasted UC Re O -
afusca goli L ke C n
Crake
Gruiif Rallida Brown Zaporni W Ali May- L Unknow
5 - UC Re O
ormes e Crake aakool L ke Aug C n
White- Amauror
Hundukol W Ali Jun- L
breasted nisphoen UC Re O Stable
i L ke Nov C
Waterhen icurus
Porphyri
Purple Neelinaa W Ali Jun- L
o UC Re O Stable
Moorhen magoli L ke Sep C
porphyri

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 Avifaunal Diversity in Western Ghats Regions of Shimoga and Chikmagalur Districts, Karnat….
a
Gallinul
Indian Kappunaa W Ali Jun- L
achlorop C Re O Stable
Moorhen magoli L ke Sep C
us
Common Fulicaat Naamada W Ali Jul- L Decreasi
C M H
coot ra koli L ke Aug C ng
Leptotilo
Lesser W Ali V Decreasi
sjavanci - R ReM Cr -
adjutant L ke U ng
us
Mycteria
Painted Daasakok W Ali Aug- N Decreasi
leucocep C M P
Stork kare L ke Jan T ng
Ciconii hala
dae Anastom Baaykala
Openbill W Ali Nov- L Unknow
usoscita kakokkar C Re P
Stork L ke Sep C n
ns e
White- Bilikutthi
Ciconiae W Ali All L Decreasi
necked gekokkar C Re P
piscopus L ke year C ng
Stork e
Spot- Pelecan JoligeKo
Pelican W Ali Mar- N Decreasi
billed usphilip kka/Hecc C Re P
idae L ke Apr T ng
Pelican pensis harle
Di
Eurasian Botaurus W mo Apr- L Decreasi
Guppi UC Re Cr
Bittern stellaris L rph Sep C ng
ic
Ixobrych
Yellow Haladiba W Ali June - L Decreasi
ussinensi UC Re Cr
Bittern ka L ke Sep C ng
s
Ixobrych
Cinnamo Kesari W Ali L Decreasi
uscinna UC Re Cr -
n Bittern guppi L ke C ng
momeus
Little Ixobrych
Hasiru W Ali L Decreasi
Green usminutu UC Re Cr -
guppi L ke C ng
Bittern s
Ixobrych Di
Black us Kari W mo June - L Decreasi
UC Re Cr
Bittern flavicolli guppi L rph Sep C ng
s ic
Nycticor Katthala
Night W Ali Dec- L Decreasi
axnystic guppi/irul C Re Cr
Heron L ke Feb C ng
orax ubaka
Indian
Ardeola Kolada W Ali May- L
Pond C Re Cr Stable
6 Pelec Ardeid grayii baka L ke Sep C
Heron
anifor ae
mes Patti
Striated Butoride W Ali May- L Decreasi
Kolada C Re Cr
Heron s striata L ke Sep C ng
baka
Black Nycticor
Nashe
crowned ax W Ali Dec- L Decreasi
Baka/Ratr UC Re Cr
Night nycticor L ke Feb C ng
i baka
Heron ax
Jaanuwar
Cattle Bubulcu u W Ali Jun- L Increasi
C Re Cr
Egret s ibis bellakki/ L ke Aug C ng
Govakki
Great Ardea Doddabel W Ali Jul- L
C Re Cr Stable
Egret alba lakki L ke Sep C
Intermedi Ardeaint W Ali Jul- L
Bellakki C Re Cr Stable
ate Egret ermedia L ke Sep C
Kokkare/
Little Egrettag W Ali Nov- L Increasi
Sannabell C Re Cr
egret arzetta L ke sep C ng
akki
Grey Ardeacin Boodhuk W Ali Jun- L Decreasi
C Re Cr
Heron erea okkare L ke Mar C ng
Purple Ardeapu Kanneeli W Ali Jun- L Decreasi
C Re Cr
Heron rpurea baka L ke Mar C ng
Little Microca Puttaneer W Ali Jul- L
C Re P Stable
Phalacr darterant rboniger kaage L ke Sep C
ocoraci Great Phalacr Bilikutthi
W Ali Sep- L
dae Cormora ocoraxfu geneerkaa UC M P Stable
L ke Feb C
nt scicillis ge
Anhing Oriental Anhinga W Di Nov- N Decreasi
Haavakki UC Re P
idae Darter melanog L mo Feb T ng

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 Avifaunal Diversity in Western Ghats Regions of Shimoga and Chikmagalur Districts, Karnat….
aster rph
ic
Oriental
Threskio
white
rnismela Bilikemb W Ali Nov- N Decreasi
Ibis/Blac UC Re Cr
nocephal aralu L ke Sep T ng
k headed
us
Threski Ibis
ornithi Psuedibi Kari
Black W Ali Nov- N Decreasi
dae spappill kembaral UC Re Cr
Ibis L ke Dec T ng
osa u
Plegadis
Glossy Minchuke W Ali May- N Decreasi
falcinell UC Re Cr
ibis mbaralu L ke Jul T ng
us
Eurasian Burhinus
W Ali L Decreasi
Thick- oedicne Gorava UC Re Cr -
L ke C ng
Burhini knee mus
dae Great Esacusre
Kallugora W Ali N Decreasi
Thick- curvirost UC Re Cr -
va L ke T ng
knee ris
Recurv Black- Himanto
Mettugal W Ali Apr- L Increasi
irostrid necked pusmexi UC M Cr
Chara u hakki L ke Sep C ng
ae Stilt canus
7 driifo
Yellow- Vanellus
rmes Halladhi G Ali Apr- L
wattled malabari C Re Cr Stable
tittibha L ke Jul C
Charad Lapwing cus
riidae Red- Thaeneha
Vanellus G Ali Mar- L Unknow
wattled kki/Kemp C Re Cr
indicus L ke Aug C n
Lapwing utittibha
Indian
Sterna Meenugut W Ali Mar- N Decreasi
Laridae River C M Cr
aurantia ara L ke May T ng
Tern
Indian
Clanga Dodda Ali V Decreasi
Spotted VC M F Cr -
hastate garuda ke U ng
Eagle
Ictinaetu
Black s Kappugar Ali Apr- L Decreasi
UC F F Cr
Eagle malaiens uda ke May C ng
is
Haavu
Crested
Spilornis Giduga/T F/ Ali Dec- L
Serpent UC Re Cr Stable
cheela uraayi SL ke Mar C
Eagle
pannagari
Bonelli’s Aquila Ali Apr- L Decreasi
- UC Re F Cr
Eagle fasciata ke May C ng
Booted Hieraaet
G Ali L Decreasi
Hawk us - C WM Cr -
L ke C ng
Eagle pennatus
Pariah/Bl Milvus Ali L Decreasi
Haddu VC Re F Cr -
ack Kite migrans ke C ng
Black- SL
Elanus Ali All L Increasi
shoulderd - C Re /G Cr
Accip axillaris ke Year C ng
Accipit Kite L
8 itifor
ridae F/
mes Brahminy Haliastu Bili Ali Dec- L Decreasi
C Re W Cr
Kite r indus Garuda ke Mar C ng
L
Circus
Pallid Hakki Ali N Decreasi
marcour UC M F Cr -
Harrier Seleva ke T ng
us
White-
Batustur Ali Feb- N
eyed Daege UC Re SL Cr Stable
teesa ke May T
Buzzard
Di
Oriental Pernis
Jenu mo Apr- L
Honey ptilorhyn UC Re RS O Stable
Giduga rph July C
Buzzard chus
ic
Eurasian/ W Di
Circus
Western L/ mo L Increasi
aerugino Chaana C M Cr -
Marsh G rph C ng
sus
Harrier L ic
W
Accipiter
Crested Chotti L/ L Decreasi
trivirgat UC M Cr - -
Goshawk Haddu G C ng
us
L

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 Avifaunal Diversity in Western Ghats Regions of Shimoga and Chikmagalur Districts, Karnat….
W Di
Accipiter L/ mo Mar- L
Shikra - C R Cr Stable
badius G rph Jun C
L ic
Di
Besra Kari
Accipiter mo Mar- L Decreasi
Sparrowh Gubbigid UC R SL Cr
virgatus rph Jun C ng
awk uga
ic
Di
Falco Common/ Falco
Falconi D mo L
8 nifor Eurasian tinnuncu - UC M Cr - Stable
dae L rph C
mes Kestrel lus
ic
Brown F/
Ninoxsc Meenu Ali N Decreasi
Hawk UC Re W Cr -
utulata gumma ke T ng
Owl L
Collared
Otus Ali Jan- L
Scops - UC Re F I Stable
lettia ke Apr C
Owl
Ketupa
Brown Ali Dec- L Decreasi
Strigi zeylonen Goobe UC Re F I/F
Strigini Fish Owl ke Mar C ng
9 forme sis
dae
s Brown Strix
Ali Jan- L Decreasi
Wood leptogra - UC Re F Cr
ke Mar C ng
Owl mmica
Glaucidi
Jungle Cheeru Ali Mar- L
um C Re F Cr Stable
owlet gumma ke May C
radiatum
Spotted Athenebr Ali Nov- L
Haalakki C Re F Cr Stable
owlet ama ke Mar C
Di
Trogo Harpact Benkihak
Trogon Malabar mo Feb- L
11 nifor esfasciat ki/Kakarn UC Re F I Stable
idae Trogan rph May C
mes us* ehakki
ic
Di
Great Buceros Doddama mo Jan- N Decreasi
UC Re F O
Hornbill bicornis ngatte rph Apr T ng
ic
Di
Malabar Anthrac
Maledasa mo All L Decreasi
Pied ocerosco UC Re F Fr
mangatte rph year C ng
Hornbill ronatus
Bucero ic
Bucer
tidae Di
oti Malabar Boodhu
12 Ocycero mo All L Decreasi
forme Grey male UC Re F Fr
sgriseus rph year C ng
s Hornbill mangatte
ic
Di
Indian
Acyceros Boodhum mo Apr- L
Grey C Re F O Stable
birostris angatte rph Jun C
Hornbill
ic
Chandra
Upupid Common Upupa Ali Feb- L Decreasi
mukuta/N C Re SL I
ae hoopoe epops ke May C ng
elakutuka
Common
Dinopiu Suvarnab Di
Flame-
m ennina mo Mar- L
backed C Re F I Stable
javanens marakutu rph Aug C
Woodpec
e ka ic
ker
Black-
rumped Dinopiu Hemmara Di
flame m kutuka/K mo Mar- L
C Re F I Stable
back bengalen apppumar rph Aug C
Woodpec se akutuka ic
13 Picifo Picidae ker
rmes Little- Di
Campeth Hasiru
green mo L Decreasi
eremucu marakutu UC Re F I _
Woodpec rph C ng
losa ka
ker ic
Brown-
capped Chhota
Picoides F/ Ali Feb- L Increasi
Pygmy marakutu UC Re I
nanus SL ke Apr C ng
Woodpec ka
ker
White- Dryocop Hemmara UC Re F I Ali - L Decreasi

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 Avifaunal Diversity in Western Ghats Regions of Shimoga and Chikmagalur Districts, Karnat….
Bellied/G us kutuka ke C ng
reat hodgei
Indian
Black
Woodpec
ker
Greater
Flame Chrysoc Haladi Di
Back/Gre olaptes bennina mo L Decreasi
UC Re F O -
ater Guttacri marakutu rph C ng
Golden status ka ic
Back
Streak-
Picus
Throated L Decreasi
xanthopy - UC Re F I - -
Woodpec C ng
gaeus
ker
Yellow-
Leiopicu
crowned/
s Arishina L Unknow
Mahratta UC Re F I - -
maharatt moothi C n
Woodpek
esis
er
Micropte Di
Rufous Kandu
rnus mo Feb- L Decreasi
Woodpec marakutu UC Re F I
brachyur rph Apr C ng
ker ka
us ic
Heart- Di
Hemicir Chittu
spotted mo Nov- L Decreasi
cus marakutu C Re F I
Woodpec rph Apr C ng
canente ka
ker ic
Picumnu
Speckule s L Decreasi
- R Re F I - -
d Piculet innomin C ng
atus
Megalai
Malabar Goujalha Ali Jun- L
mamala C Re F O Stable
Barbet kki ke Jul C
barica*
Coppers Megalai
Kalgojual Ali Jun- L
mith mahaem C Re F O Stable
hakki ke Jul C
Barbet acephala
Golden- Psilopog
Ali L
throated anfraklin Kutra UC Re F O _ Stable
ke C
Barbet ii
Megala White-
imidae cheeked/
Psilopog Sanna Ali Jan- L
Small C Re F O Stable
onviridis kutra ke Jun C
Green
Barbet
Brown
Psilopog
Headed/L
on Dodda Ali Feb- L
arge C Re F O Stable
zeylsnciu kutra ke Jun C
Green
s
Barbet
Jynx Ali May- L Decreasi
Picidae Wryneck - UC M SL I
torquilla ke Jun C ng
Merops
Green Sannakall Ali Feb- L Increasi
orientali C Re SL I
Bee-eater ipeera ke May C ng
s
Blue- Merops Neelibaal SL
Ali Mar- L
tailed philippin adakallip C M /W I Stable
ke jun C
Meropi Bee-eater us eera L
dae Blue Nyctyorn SL
Jenu Ali L Decreasi
Bearded is UC M /W I -
gutura ke C ng
Corac Bee-eater Atherton L
14 iiform Chest-nut Merops SL
Ali L Decreasi
es headed leschena - R M /W I -
ke C ng
Bee-eater ulti L
Oriental
Sanna F/
dwarf Ceyxerit Ali Feb- L Decreasi
kappu UC Re W Cr
Kingfishe haca ke Jun C ng
Alcedi minchulli L
r
nidae
Black- Kari
Halcyon Ali Mar- L Decreasi
capped mande C Re W Cr
pileata ke Apr C ng
Kingfishe minchulli

DOI: 10.9790/2402-1303027189 www.iosrjournals.org 79 | Page

 Avifaunal Diversity in Western Ghats Regions of Shimoga and Chikmagalur Districts, Karnat….
r
White-
F/
breasted/ Halcyon
Gaddhe W Ali Mar- L Increasi
Throated smyrnen C Re Cr
minchulli L/ ke Jul C ng
Kingfishe sis
SL
r
Blue
Alcedo F/
Eared Ali L Decreasi
menintin UC Re W Cr -
Kingfishe ke C ng
g L
r
Stork-
Pelargo
billed Hemminc W Ali Mar- L Decreasi
psiscape C Re Cr
Kingfishe hulli L ke Jul C ng
nsis
r
Small
Blue/ Kiru/Neel
Alcedo W Ali Mar- L
Common iminchull C Re Cr Stable
rudis L ke Jun C
Kingfishe i
r
Di
Pied
Ceryle Kappu W mo Oct- L Unknow
Kingfishe C Re Cr
rudis minchulli L rph May C n
r
ic
Indian Coracias G
Coracii Neelakant Ali Mar- L Increasi
Roller/Bl benghale C Re L/ Cr
dae a ke Jul C ng
ue Jay nsis SL
Di
Plum- Psittacul Kemman
mo Dec- L Decreasi
headed acyanoc de/Kenda C Re F Fr
rph Mar C ng
Parakeet ephala legili
ic
Di
Rose- F/
Psittacul Gulabikor mo Feb- L Increasi
ringed VC Re H Fr
akrameri alinagili rph Apr C ng
Parakeet S
ic
Di
Psittacul
15 Psitta Psittac Malabar Neelirekk mo Jan- L Decreasi
acolumb UC Re F Fr
cifor ulidae Parakeet egili rph Apr C ng
oides*
mes ic
Di
Alexandri Psittacul
Raamagil mo Dec- L Decreasi
ne aeupatri UC Re F Fr
i rph Apr C ng
Parakeet a
ic
Vernal
Loriculu Ali L Decreasi
hanging Chittugili UC Re F Fr _
svernalis ke C ng
Parrot
Taale
Cypsiuru
Asian baanadi/T
s C Ali L
Capri Palm aale C Re I - Stable
Apodid balasien L ke C
mulgi Swift aakasha
16 ae sis
forme gubbi
s Apus Sooru
House H Ali Feb- L Increasi
nipalensi aakashag C Re I
swift S ke Sep C ng
s ubbi
Pericroc Di
Sanna
Small otus mo Feb- L
chitrapak C Re F I Stable
Minivet cinnamo rph Aug C
shi
meus ic
Pericroc Di
Gulaganji
Scarlet otus mo Apr- L
/chitrapak C Re F I Stable
Minivet speciosu rph Jul C
shi
s ic
Pericroc Di
White-
Passe Campe otus Kappu mo Jun- L Decreasi
17 bellied UC Re F I
rifor phagid erythrop gulaganji rph Oct C ing
Minivet
mes ae ygius ic
Pericroc Di
Boodhi
Ashy otus mo Apr- L
chitrapak C Re F I Stable
Minivet divaricat rph Jul C
shi
us ic
Pericroc Di
Orange otus Kittale mo Apr- L
C Re F I Stable
Minivet flammeu gulaganji rph Jun C
s ic

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 Avifaunal Diversity in Western Ghats Regions of Shimoga and Chikmagalur Districts, Karnat….
Large Coracin
Ali Mar- L Decreasi
Cuckoosh ajavensi Keechuga UC Re F O
ke Aug C ng
rike s
Black-
Lalagem Karimand
headed Ali Mar- L Decreasi
elanopte e/Dodda UC Re F O
Cuckoosh ke Aug C ng
ra keechuga
rike
Black- Karimand Di
Oriolus F/
headed/h e/Kariara mo Apr- L Decreasi
xanthorn C Re C O
ooded sinaburud rph Jul C ng
us L
Oriole e ic
Di
Oriolid Eurasian
Oriolus Arasina mo Apr- L Decreasi
ae golden C Re F O
oriolus burude rph Jul C ng
Oriole
ic
Di
Black- Oriolus F/
I/N/ mo May- L Unknow
naped chinensi - C Re C
F rph Jun C n
Oriole s L
ic
Tephrod Kaadukal
Common
ornis inga/Ada Ali Mar- L Decreasi
Woodshri UC Re F I
pondicer vi ke Apr C ng
ke
ianus keechuga
Large Tephrod
Kaadu Ali L Unknow
Woodshri ornis UC Re F I -
keechuga ke C n
ke gularis
Malabar Tephrod
Ali L Unknow
Vangid Woodshri ornis - UC Re F I -
ke C n
ae ke sylvicola
Bar-
Di
winged/P
Hemipus mo Mar- L
ied - UC Re F I Stable
picatus rph May C
Flycatche
ic
r-Shrike
Pitta Hanaalu
Indian Ali L Decreasi
brachyur Gubbi/Na UC Re F I -
Pitta ke C ng
an varanga
Galerida
Malabar Ali Mar- L
malabari - UC Re SL O Stable
Lark ke Jun C
Alaudi ca
dae Oriental/
Alauda F/ Ali L Decreasi
Small - UC Re O -
gulgula SL ke C ng
Skylark
White/Pie Motacill Bili W Ali May- L
C M I Stable
d Wagtail a alba Sipale L ke Jul C
White- Motacill
G/
browed/L a Dodda Ali Mar- L
C Re W I Stable
arge Pied maderas Sipale ke Sep C
L
Wagtail patensis
Motacill
Grey Boodhu W Ali May- L
Motaci a C M I Stable
Wagtail sipale L ke Jul C
llidae cinerea
Anthus Ali May- L Decreasi
Tree Pipit - UC M SL O
trivialis ke Jul C ng
Olive-
backed/In
Anthus Ali Apr- L
dian/Hod - C M F I Stable
hodgsoni ke Aug C
gson’s
Pipit
Pycnono Boodu
Grey-
tus mande F/ Ali Feb- L Decreasi
Headed C Re I/F
prioceph peekalaar SL ke Aug C ng
Bulbul
alus a
Flame/Or
Pycnono
ange- Peekalaar Ali Feb- L Unknow
tus UC Re F I/F
Pychno throated a ke Apr C n
gularis
notidae Bulbul
Red- Pycnono Kemmese
F/ Ali Feb- L Decreasi
whiskere tus Peekalaar C Re I/F
SL ke Aug C ng
d Bulbul jocosus a
Red- Kempuba F/
Pycnono Ali Feb- L Increasi
vented alada C Re H I/F
tus cafer ke May C ng
Bulbul Peekalaar S

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 Avifaunal Diversity in Western Ghats Regions of Shimoga and Chikmagalur Districts, Karnat….
a
Bili
White-
Pycnono hubbina
browed I/F/ Ali Mar- L
tus haladi UC Re SL Stable
Yellow N ke Sep C
luteolus peekalaar
Bulbul
a
Yellow- Haladi
Acritilla Ali Feb- L
browed peekalaar UC Re F F/I Stable
s indica ke May C
bulbul a
Square- Hypsipet Kappu
Ali May- L
tailed es peekalaar C Re F F/I Stable
ke Jul C
Bulbul ganeesa a
Himalaya
Hypsipet
n Kari
es Ali May- L
Black/Asi Peekalaar C Re F F/I Stable
leucocep ke Jul C
an Black a
halus
Bulbul
Golden- Yele
Chlorop Di
fronted hakki/Has
sis F/ F/I/ mo May- L
Leafbird/ uru C Re Stable
aurifron SL N rph Aug C
Chloropsi peekalaar
s ic
s a
Blue-
Chlorop Di
winged
sis Yele F/ mo N Decreasi
Leafbird/ VR Re I -
cochinch Hakki SL rph T ng
Chloro Chloropsi
inensis ic
pseidae s
Golden-
Chlorop Di
fronted
sis Yele F/ I/F/ mo May- L
Leafbird/ UC Re Stable
aurifron hakki SL N rph Aug C
Chloropsi
s ic
s
Di
Asian
Irenida Irena Neeli I/F/ mo Feb- L Decreasi
Fairy- UC Re F
e puella Sillara N rph Apr C ng
bluebird
ic
SL
Brown Lanius Kandu Ali May- L Decreasi
C M /D I
Shrike cristatus kalinga ke Jun C ng
L
Bay- Kadugan
Lanius Ali Apr- L
backed du C Re SL I/C Stable
vittatus ke Sep C
Laniida Shrike kalinga
e Kengand
Long-
hu
tailed/Ruf
Lanius bennina Ali Feb- L Unknow
ous- C Re SL I/C
schach kalinga/K ke Apr C n
backed
ebbe
Shrike
keechuga
Blue-
capped/B Monticol Di
Neelithal
lue- a mo Apr- L
eya bande UC Re F I Stable
headed cinclorh rph Jun C
sillara
Rock yncha ic
Thrush
Monticol Di
Blue Neeli
a mo Apr- L
Rock kallu C Re F I/F Stable
solitarie rph Jul C
Thrush gutura
s ic
Orange-
Geokichl Nelagutur Ali May- L Decreasi
headed C Re F I/F
Muscic a citrine a ke Jun C ng
Thrush
apidae
Myopho
Malabar Gopi
nus Ali May- L Unknow
Whistling hakki/Sar C Re F O
horsfield ke Aug C n
Thrush alu sillara
ii
Indian Di
Chittu
Blue Larvivor mo Apr- L Decreasi
madivaal UC Re F I/N
Robin/Ch a brunea rph Jul C ng
a
at ic
Di
Saxicolo
Indian Madivaal mo Apr- L Decreasi
ides C Re F I
Robin a rph Jul C ng
fulicatus
ic

DOI: 10.9790/2402-1303027189 www.iosrjournals.org 82 | Page

 Avifaunal Diversity in Western Ghats Regions of Shimoga and Chikmagalur Districts, Karnat….
Di
Oriental Copsych
Madivaal F/ mo Apr- L
Magpie us C Re I/N Stable
a SL rph Jul C
Robin saularis
ic
White-
Kittacinc Di
rumped
la mo Apr- L Decreasi
Shama/S Shama UC Re F I
malabari rph Jun C ng
hama
ca ic
Thrush
Di
Pied Saxicola Neeliman W mo Feb- L
C Re I Stable
Bushchat caprata de peepi L rph May C
ic
Asian Muscica
Ali Apr- L
Brown pa Korala UC M F I Stable
ke Jun C
Flycather dauurica
Brown-
Muscipa
breasted Hulagulu Ali L Decreasi
pa UC M F I -
Flycatche ka ke C ng
muttui
r
Red- Di
Nettaruga F/
breasted Ficedula mo L
lla/Hulag C M W I/F - Stable
Flycatche parva rph C
uluka L
r ic
Di
Verditer Eumyias Neeli
mo Apr- L
Flycatche thalassin hulaguluk UC Re F I Stable
rph Jun C
r us a
ic
Niligiri Eumyias
Hulagulu Ali L Decreasi
Flycatche albicaud UC M F I -
ka ke C ng
r ata
White-
Di
Monar bellied Cyornis
Hulagulu mo Feb- L Decreasi
chidae Blue pallidipe UC Re F I
ka rph Sep C ng
Flycatche s
ic
r
Tickell’s
Blue Cyornis Hulagulu Ali Mar- L
C Re F I Stable
Flycatche tickelliae ka ke Aug C
r
Grey- Culicica Boodutha
headed pa leya Ali Apr- L
UC Re F I Stable
canary- ceylonee nonahidu ke Jun C
flycatcher nsis ka
Asian Baaladan Di
Terpsiph
Paradise de mo Feb- L
one UC Re F I Stable
Flycatche Hakki/Ra rph Jul C
paradise
r ja hakki ic
Black-
Di
naped Hypothy
mo Apr- L
Monarch/ mis - UC M F I Stable
rph Aug C
Flycatche azurea
ic
r/Warbler
White-
Rhipidur
spotted/S
a Beesanig F/ Ali Mar- L Unknow
pot C Re I
albogula e baala SL ke Aug C n
Rhipid breasted
ris
uridae Fantail
White- Rhipidur
Ali L Decreasi
browed a - UC Re F I -
ke C ng
fantail aureola
Puff-
Pellorne
throated/ Chukke Ali Mar- L
m C Re F I Stable
Spotted chikka ke May C
ruficeps
Pellorn Babbler
eidae Pomator
Indian
hinus Patti Ali Dec- L Increasi
Scimitar UC Re F I/F
horsfield chikka ke May C ng
Babbler
ii
Dark-
Rhopoco
Timalii Fronted/ Ali May- L Decreasi
chla Chikka UC Re F I
dae Black- ke Jul C ng
atriceps
headed/

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 Avifaunal Diversity in Western Ghats Regions of Shimoga and Chikmagalur Districts, Karnat….
Babbler
Rufous Turdoide Kempu
Ali L Decreasi
Bellied s geejagaar UC Re F I -
ke C ng
Babbler subrufus lu
Yellow- Chrysom
Sylviid Arashina F/ Ali Jun- L
eyed ma C Re I/F Stable
ae kannu SL ke Sep C
Babbler sinense
Kaadu
Jungle Turdoide Ali All L
geejagarl C Re F O Stable
Leitric Babbler s striata ke Year C
u
hidae
Common Argya Geejagarl Ali Mar- L
C Re SL O Stable
Babbler caudate u ke Jul C
Di
Velvet- Makmal
Sitta mo Feb- L Decreasi
Sittidae fronted netthi/Ma C Re F I
frontalis rph Apr C ng
Nuthatch ragubbi
ic
Di
Turdus Kari
Turdid Indian mo May- L
simillim goravank C Re F I/F Stable
ae Blackbird rph Aug C
us a
ic
Common/ Kavaluth
Hirundo W Ali Apr- L Decreasi
Barn oke/Amb C Re I
rustica L ke Jul C ng
Swallow ara gubbi
Hirund
Tanthi
idinida
Wire- baalada
e Hirundo W Ali All L Increasi
tailed kavalutho C Re I
smithii L ke Year C ng
Swallow ke/ambar
a gubbi
Grey- Prinia
Ali Jun- L
breasted hodgsoni - C Re SL I/N Stable
ke Oct C
Prinia i
G
Jungle Prinia Suvvi Ali Mar- L Decreasi
C Re L/ I
Prinia sylvatica Hakki ke Oct C ng
SL
Plain
G
Prinia/Pla Prinia Ali Mar- L
- C Re L/ I Stable
in Wren inornata ke Sep C
Cistico F
Warbler
lidae
Ashy
Prinia/As Prinia Tuvvi F/ Ali Mar- L
C Re I Stable
hy Wren socialis Hakki SL ke Sep C
Warbler
Di
Common Orthoto Simpiga/
F/ mo Apr- L
Tailorbir mus Hasuru C Re I/N Stable
SL rph Sep C
d sutorius tuvvi
ic
Di
Aegithi Common Aegithin Madhura mo May- L Unknow
C Re F I
nidae Iora atiphia kanta rph Sep C n
ic
Greater Brunga
Dicrurus
Racker- raja/Bhee Ali Apr- L Decreasi
paradise UC Re F O
tailed maraja/K ke Aug C ng
us
Drongo aajana
White- Dicrurus
Bilihottey F/ Ali Mar- L Decreasi
bellied caerules UC Re O
akaajana SL ke Jun C ng
Drongo cens
Dicrurus
Ashy Bhoodhi F/ Ali L Unknow
Dicruri leucopha C Re O -
Drongo bhujanga SL ke C n
dae eus
Dicrurus Kari
Black F/ Ali Apr- L
macroce bhujanga/ VC Re O Stable
Drongo SL ke Aug C
rcus Kaajana
Bronzed Dicrurus F/ Ali L Unknow
C Re O -
Drongo aeneus SL ke C n
Dicrurus
Spangled F/ Ali L Unknow
bracteat C Re O -
Drongo SL ke C n
us
Mata
Dendroc
Rufous pakshi/N F/ Ali Mar- L
Corvid ittavaga C Re O Stable
Treepie ookareba SL ke May C
ae bunda
ala
White- Dendroc Bilinooka C Re F/ O Ali Mar- L Stable

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 Avifaunal Diversity in Western Ghats Regions of Shimoga and Chikmagalur Districts, Karnat….
bellied ittaleuco rebaala SL ke May C
Treepie gastra*
House Corvoss Oorukaag H Ali Apr- L
VC Re O Stable
crow plendens e S ke Jun C
Corvus
Jungle Kaadukaa H Ali Dec- L Stable
macrorh VC Re O
Crow ge S ke Apr C
ynchos
Di
Ploceus Neygaara
Ploceid Baya mp Jun- L
philippin pakshi/Ge C Re SL H/I Stable
ae Weaver orp Sep C
us ejuga
hic
Badanike
Flowerpe Dicaeum Ali Feb- L Decreasi
pakshi/H C Re SL H
cker concolor ke Jun C ng
ookutuka
Thick-
Dappako
billed Dicaeum Ali Jan- L
kkina C Re F O Stable
Flowerpe agile ke Jun C
Badanike
cker
Dicaei
Tickell’s/
dae
Pale- Dicaeum
Ali Feb- L
billed erythror Badanike C Re G F/N Stable
ke Jun C
Flowerpe hynchos
cker
Niligiri
Dicaeum Pelava D Ali L
Flowerpe C Re F/N - Stable
concolor badanike F ke C
cker
Leptoco Di
Purple- Haladi
ma mo All L
rumped hoogubbi/ C Re F I/N Stable
zeylonic rph Year C
Sunbird Soorakki
a ic
Kari Di
Purple Cinnyris hoogubbi/ mo All L
C Re F I/N Stable
Sunbird asiaticus Nerale rph Year C
soorakki ic
Vigors’s/
Di
Western Aethopy
mo Apr- L
Crimson/ ga - UC Re F I/N Stable
rph Oct C
Sahyadri vigorsii
ic
Sunbird
Di
Crimson- Leptoco
Sanna mo Dec- L Unknow
backed ma C Re* F I/N
Soorakki rph Apr C n
Sunbird minima
ic
Di
Loten’s Cinnyris mo L Unknow
Soorakki C Re F I/N -
Sunbird lotenius rph C n
ic
Nectari
Arahnot
niidae Little
hera Baale Ali Mar- L
Spiderhu C Re F I/N Stable
longirost gubbi ke Sep C
nter
rs
Scaly- Lonchur F/
Chukke Ali Jul- L
breasted apunctul C Re G O Stable
muniya ke Oct C
Munia ata L
Black- F/
Lonchur Kari Ali L
throated C Re G O - Stable
akelaarti muniya ke C
Munia L
Black- Lonchur Kappu F/
Ali Jul- L
headed a thaleyam C Re G O Stable
ke Oct C
Muniya Malacca uniya L
White-
Biliprusht F/
rumped Lonchur Ali All L
ada C Re G H Stable
Munia/M a striata ke Year C
raatavala L
annikin
Red
Amanda Di
Avadavat
va Kempu mo Jun- L
/Munia/St UC Re SL H Stable
amandav raatavaala rph Oct C
rawberry
a ic
Finch
Zosterop Biliganni
Oriental
Zostero s na I/N/ Ali Apr- L Decreasi
White C Re SL
pidae palpebro chitagubb F ke Jul C ng
Eye
sus i/Belgann

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 Avifaunal Diversity in Western Ghats Regions of Shimoga and Chikmagalur Districts, Karnat….
a
Carpoda Di
Common
Fringill cus Kesari mo Jun- L Decreasi
Rosefinc UC M SL H/F
idae erythrin gubbi rph Aug C ng
h
us ic
White- Sturnia
L Decreasi
headed erythrop - UC M SL H/I - -
C ng
Starling ygia
Sturnia
Brahminy Karithale F/ Ali May- L Unknow
pagodar C Re I/F
Starling kabbakki SL ke Jul C n
un
Indian/Co Acridoth F/
Sturnid Goravank Ali Apr- L Increasi
mmon eres C Re H I/F
ae a/Myna ke Aug C ng
Myna tristis S
Acridoth
Jungle Kaadu F/ Ali Feb- L Decreasi
eres C Re I/F
Myna goravaka SL ke Jul C ng
fuscus
Lesser
Gracula Ali L Decreasi
Hill Kaamalli C Re F I/F -
religiosa ke C ng
Myna
Acrocep
Blyth
halus Ali L Increasi
Reed - UC M SL I -
dumento ke C ng
Warbler
rum
Clamorou
Acrocep W
s/Great
halus L/ Ali May- L
Indian Tuvvi C WM I Stable
stentore R ke Aug C
Reed
us B
Warbler
Greenish/
Indian Phyllosc
Warren/D opus Kiru Ali May- L Increasi
UC M SL I
ull Green trochiloi tuvvi ke Aug C ng
Acroce Leaf des
phalida Warbler
e Large-
Acrocep
billed Ali D Decreasi
halus - R M SL I -
Reed- ke D ng
orinus
Warbler
Western- Phyllosc
crowned opus Ali L
- UC M SL I - Stable
Leaf occipital ke C
Warbler is
Sulphur-
bellied/Ol
Phyllosc
ivaceous Ali L
opus - C M F I - Stable
Leaf ke C
griselous
Warbler
Warbler
Great
Parus Kaanu Ali Feb- L Increasi
Tit/Ciner C Re SL O
major Gubbi ke Nov C ng
eous Tit
Indian
Paridae
Yellow Parus Karichotti
Ali Apr- L
Tit/Indian aplonotu Kaanugu C Re F I/F Stable
ke Sep C
Black- s bbi
lored Tit
Chest- Sitta Kempu
Ali L Unknow
bellied cinnamo Maragub R M F F -
ke C n
Nuthatch ventris bi
Sittidae Di
Velvet- Makmaln
Sitta D mo Feb- L Decreasi
fronted etthi/Mar C Re I
frontalis F rph Apr C ng
Nuthatch agubbi
ic
Di
Passer
House Gubbacch H mo All L Decreasi
domestic C Re O
sparrow i S rph year C ng
us
ic
Passeri
Chestnut-
dae Gymnori Arashina Di
shouldere
s kutthige F/ mo Apr- L
d C Re O Stable
xanthoco gubbacch SL rph Jun C
Petronia/
llis i ic
Yellow-

DOI: 10.9790/2402-1303027189 www.iosrjournals.org 86 | Page

 Avifaunal Diversity in Western Ghats Regions of Shimoga and Chikmagalur Districts, Karnat….
throated
Sparrow
Ashy
Woodswa
Artami llow/Ash Artamus Ali Apr- L
- UC Re F I Stable
dae y fuscus ke Jun C
Swallow-
shrike

ReM-Resident Migratory, Re-Resident, M-Migratory, WM=Winter Migratory WL-Wetland, RS-River

Side, F-Forest, EF- Evergreen Forest, DF- Decidious Forest, G-Garden, SL-Scrubland, CL-Cultivated
Land, HS-Human Settlements, G-Garden, DL-Desert Land, RB-Reed Beds, O-Omnivores, H-Herbivores,
I-Insectivores, Cr-Carnivores, Fr-Frugivores, P-Piscivores, N-Nector, LC-Least Concerned, NT-Near
Threatened, VU-Vulnerable, DD-Date Deficient*-Endemicto Region
Abundance: VC-Very Common(>10 Sightings), C-Common(5-10 Sightings), UC-Uncommon(3-5
Sightings), R-Rare(<3 Sightings)

III. Results And Discussions

A total of 263 birds belonging to 17 Orders and 63 Families have been identified in the present study which
includes220 resident birds (83.6%), 2 resident migratory, 2 Winter Migratory birds and 37 migratory birds (Fig
1).

Figure-1

According to the present study Anseriformes are 1.90%, Columbiformes-3.80%, Galliformes-4.56,

Cuculiformes are 3.80, Gruiformes-2.66 %, Pelicaniformes are 9.88%, Charadriiformes are 228%,
Acciptriformes are 5.7%,Falconifornes are 0.38%, Strigiformes are 2.28%, Trogoniformes are 0.38%,
Bucerotiformes are 1.9%, Piciformes are 7.22%, Coraciiformes are 4.56%, Psittaciformes are 1.9%,
Caprimulgiformes are 0.76% and Passeriformes are 46.007% (Fig 2).

Figure-2

DOI: 10.9790/2402-1303027189 www.iosrjournals.org 87 | Page

 Avifaunal Diversity in Western Ghats Regions of Shimoga and Chikmagalur Districts, Karnat….

Our studies reveal that of the 263 species of birds documented only 41.06% (108 species) of birds are
maintaining stable population while the population of 42.58% (112 species) of species are found to be
decreasingand only 7.98% (22 species)species population was found to be increasing (Fig-3). The decreased
population of most of the species is due to the following reasons;
 Developmental activities like road extension, construction of bridges, and construction of huts/houses by
the villagers.
 Expansion of agriculture to forest areas by the people who do not own land
 Poaching of song birds for trade and to keep them as pets.
 Hunting of heavy birds by humans and other predators for food.
 The eggs of certain birds like Red/yellow Watlled Lapwing are believed to have medicinal values and thus
the local medicine practitioners of the village are known to steal the eggs of these birds.
 The flesh of few birds such as Grey partridge (Teetar), Jungle fowl, Jungle quail, Bush quail, Red spurfowl,
Spotted pigeon, Rock pigeon are most popularly consumed by the local people by hunting/poaching as they
believe these birds are good for health and gives strength.
 Sole dependence of food option by many of the birds (Eg. Pelicans are solely dependent on fish for their
food). The depletion in the food sources is also leading to the depletion of bird population.

Figure-3

The most important data are population size and range, and trends in one or other of these. Trends are
impossible to measure unless some baseline has previously been set. For most species this has yet to be done.
Nutritional behavior of the birds recorded have shown that, about 8.64% are Omnivores (insects,
nectar, grains, seeds, fruits, reptiles, fishes etc), 12.54% are Herbivores (grains, seeds, sea plants, weeds Nectar
and etc), 48.67% are Carnivores (Fishes, Reptiles, Insects, Cocoons, Amphibians, Small Birds etc)
respectively(Fig 4). The population percentage of Carnivores (46.87) is almost in concurrence with the
combined population of Omnivores (38.64) and Herbivores (12.54%).

Figure-4

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 Avifaunal Diversity in Western Ghats Regions of Shimoga and Chikmagalur Districts, Karnat….

Among the recorded species 21.29% of the species depend on Wetlands (Lakes, channels, reservoirs,
swamps, marshes, rivers, riverside etc), 41.44% of the species are dependent on Forests (Woodland, Decidious
Forests, Evergreen Forests etc), 23.19% of the species are dependent on Mixed type of habitats, and the
remaining 14.08% are dependent on other habitats (Human settlements, Grasslands, Cultivated lands etc) (Fig-
5).

Figure-5

The coverage region for the present study is almost uniform. Most of the species have been sighted in
evergreen and moist deciduous forests. About 83.6% species are found to be resident ones while 16.4% species
are migratory. Bird surveys have become popular in the western ghat regions of Chikmagalur and Shimoga
districts. The region is still characterized by high habitat structural complexity and heterogeneity. It is a well
established fact that anthropogenic activities are disturbing the distribution and diversity of bird species. In the
studied area the decrease in migratory species as well as wetland are birds due to such disturbances.
The study furnishes the information related to the status of the avifauna of the region. Baseline data will come to
be greatly valued when repeated in the future. The status of these species is helpful in proper management of
them from becoming threatened or extinct.

Acknowledgement
I am thankful to Mr. Abhishek Bharadwaj, Mr. Gunashekar H.B, Mrs. Shruthi and Mr. Varun for their
support.The Range Forest Officer and the villagers of Shimoga and Chikmagalur districts for their help during
field exploration.

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Sharath V.G. “Avifaunal Diversity in Western Ghats Regions of Shimoga and Chikmagalur
Districts, Karnataka, India." IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food
Technology (IOSR-JESTFT) 13.3 (2019): 71-89.

DOI: 10.9790/2402-1303027189 www.iosrjournals.org 89 | Page