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Bone needles
Gold needle
Silver needle 7
Han Dynasty, 200BC-220AD
Acupuncture: An old Concept for
HealthCare in the East
East West
Empirical Scientific Method
Observations over & Case-Based
Thousands of Medicine
Years Technology of
Art of Medicine Medicine
Holistic View Molecular and
Circular Logic Organ View
Energetic Linear Logic
Mechanistic 10
Modalities of TCM
Alimentotherapy
Basic Principles of TCM
• Ying-Yang
• Qi, Xue (blood), Jing
(Essence), Ye (body fluid)
• Zang-Fu (Internal Organ)
• Maridian (Channel)
• Five element
•The Tao of Universe
Yin Yang
Yin Yang Yin Yang
Yin-Yang relationship:
• Opposition
• Interdependence
• Mutual consumption
• Inter-transformation
Application of Yin-Yang
YIN YANG
•Structure of human body front, interior back, exterior
•Physiology structure function
•Pathology hypo-function hyper-function
•Diagnosis exterior, heat, excess interior, cold, deficiency
•Chinese medicine cold/cool, sour, salty, bitter hot/warm, pungent, sweet
•Treatment replenish Yin/Yang deficiency, reducing excessive heat or
fire with cold drug; treating excessive cold with warm drug
Application of Yin-Yang
Eat balanced
Yin
Yang
Application of Yin-Yang
Keep fit physically and mentally
Yang Yin
Brain Yin-Yang
GABA Glutamate
Glycine NE
5-HT Ach
DA Adenosine
Endorphin Testo-
Estrogen sterone
Melatonin
…
Yin Yang
• 14 regular meridians
• All acupoints distribute
along meridians
• Bridge in and out of the
body
• Reflect patho-
physiology of the inside.
• Guide the treatment
Pathogenic factors
Meridian
No free flow
(blockage) Pain
22
Meridians
Meridian
Acupuncture Stimulation
Eliminating
Meridian
Normal 23
Zang-Fu (脏腑)--
Internal Organs
Functional systems, not pure anatomical ones
•Stores blood,
•Ensures smooth flow of Qi and blood
•Houses Ethereal Soul
•Regulating mind and mood
•Promoting digestion and absorption
•Controls sinew
•Opens into eyes
•Manifests in nails.
Peak time for each organ
Breakfast
28
Five Elements
Anger/Anxie
Wood ty
Water Insomnia
Fire
Poor appetite
Short breath
Metal Earth
Urination
disorder
29
Five Elements
30
Acupuncture:
What Conditions Commonly Treated
Thalamus:
•The sensory switchboard
of the brain
•Located in the middle of the brain
Somatosensory Cortex:
Receives all info on touch and pain. Somatotopically organized
Overview of Acupuncture Action
Yin Yang
Soft
tissues
nerves
Glands
liver
Endorphines
, IL-1 Kidney/bladder
GI
Acupuncture
Adapted from Benarroch 2008
At the tip of a needle—local
improvement
ATP release
Connective tissue
relaxation Langevin HM, 2013
Acupuncture modulation on HPO/HPA axis
Spinal Cord
Acupuncture
A-β & δ fibers
Zhu CB, 2013
Neuroendocrine modulation of blood
pressure by acupuncture
Immunological Stress
(viral, bacterial, chemical..) IL-1 IL-1R
p38 MAPK/ERK
Acupuncture
Midbrain SERT, NET and DAT
Acupuncture
Yin Yang
Acupuncture and Pain
Gate Control Theory
Proposed by Melzack and Wall in the 1960's
Acupuncture
closes the gate
Conditions that open or close the gate
Depression Rest
• endogenous opioid
•CCK
•5-HT
•DA
•NE
•IL-1
•GABA
…
Insula
MPC
MPFC
MTL
BA22
BA4
3
L R
Healthy control
Napadow, V, et
al.,Neuroimaging, 2005
L R
CTS: Baseline
L R
CTS: Post-Acupuncture
Somatosensory cotex
Soft
tissues
nerves
Glands
Thalamus/hypothalmus
Heart & vessls
Endorphines Kidney/bladder
, IL-1
Spinal Cord
GI
Sensory signal
Peripheral organs
Acupuncture Acupuncture
Adapted from Benarroch 2008
Stresses Acupuncture
Infection/Irritation/Injuries…
Loss of bone
Increase minerals
cholesterol
Inflammation Insulin
resistance
•Heart
Disease Inflammatory cytokines
(IL-1, IL-6, TNF-, CRP…)
•High BP “Switch on”
•Stroke oncogenes “Chew up” Diabetes
Nerve cells
“Mess up” CNS
Cancer
Alzheimer’s Osteoporosis
Affective disorders
Depression
OCD
PTSD
Cognitive impairment
…
Acupuncture:
Keep Brain Yin-Yang Balanced
Yin Yang
Chemicals Chemicals
GABA Glutamate
Glycine NE
5-HT Ach
DA Adenosine
Endorphin
Estrogen
Yin Yang Testo-
sterone
Melatonin
…