2 Part 3 • Part Title Chapter 3 • Chapter Title 3

What product or products will be manufactured and which operational sequences will be re-
MN1 GET STARTED
Get started using this book. Try and
count the number of Klingons it takes
to fill the space in 1 work cube.
Compare the results you get with
the results of the person sitting on the
other side of the cube.
Wavelength
quired, Section III focuses on how the parts and materials will be moved within the plant. and
can set up the charts and material requirements tables. Layout planning charts document fabrica-
10,000 km
tion operations, moves between manufacturing departments or to individual workplaces, storage
1000 km Long radio waves 20 m
operations, and inspections. Audible
100 km sound (not
10 km 1 cm electromagnetic)
COMPUTERS AND PROCEDURES 1 km
AM radio broadcasts .7 μm
100 m Red
This chapter presents a factory design project that will serve as a unifying concept for the or- Short radio
10 m waves TV broadcasts
ganization of the book and as a connector of the topics typically covered in a course on facili- 1m FM radio Orange
ties planning and material handling. The factory design project what behaviors are and are not 100 mm TV broadcasts .6 μm
acceptable in the situation has been extensively tested at both Texas A&M University and the Weather Yellow
10 mm Radar
University of Massachusetts at Amherst. It is developed within a conceptual approach that em- 1 mm Microwaves Green
phasizes the use of information-based manufacturing strategies. .5 μm FIGURE 1 The required
100 μm
Students are required to design a plant layout for the production of some mechanical de- material handling system can be
10 μm Infrared radiation Blue identified with the aid of layout
vice. In order to promote the team approach, groups of three to four students will be allowed for 1 μm Visible light planning charts and material
each project. The selection of the device is up to the students, although it requires the approval of Violet
.1 μm .4 μm contents of requirements tables.
the instructor. Suitable devices typically chosen include staplers, tire pumps, master brake cylin- Ultraviolet radiation Layout planning charts document
.01 μm UVA
ders, popcorn poppers, desk fans, desk lamps, and the like. Each group will assume responsibil- fabrication operations. Source:
.001 μm X rays
ity for the development of the entire laboratory design project. Although this project is in reality .3 μm Layout Planning Charts,
.0001 μm UVB University of Graphics of
a simulation exercise on facilities design, it is intended to prepare students for what behaviors are Gamma rays America.
and are not acceptable in the situation work after graduation.
All interviews are rule governed (Barone & Switzer, 1995). The more formal guidelines
of therapy interviews are set by licensing and credentialing bodies. We call these guidelines Most if not all the laboratory work required can and should be done during the laboratory
“ethics.” Therapists use these ethical codes to help themselves make decisions about their con-
sessions. The overall project process will be divided into six sections, each one requiring a report
duct with clients, colleagues, and the general public. Other rules of interviews are more covert to be reviewed and graded. After each section report is returned to each team, it must be revised
and are based on the context of that interaction. Interviews have norms, for instance, that help movements about the center of the body), natural (movements are continuous, curved, and make
determine what behaviors are and are not acceptable in the situation. One such norm is the norm use of momentum), as well as rhythmical and habitual (flow allows a methodological and auto-
of reciprocity. This is when each party of the interview engages in a back and forth manner of matic sequence of activities, reducing mental, eye, The overall project process will be divided into
giving and receiving information. six sections, each one requiring a report to be reviewed and graded. After each project. The selec-
The use of computers and analytical procedures during the development of the design proj- tion of the device is up to the students, although it requires the approval of according to the re-
ect is highly encouraged‚ not only for putting together the documentation reports and quirements and suggestions identified in the review process. The factory design project what
project presentation, but also, more significantly, for drafting, conducting computer simulations, behaviors are and are not acceptable in the situation has been extensively.
solving mathematical models, and other procedures found to be necessary or desirable to support Besides the introduction, this chapter has seven sections and an appendix. Section 2.2 pro-
the proposed design. The general scope of all available relevant computer codes will be briefly vides a project overview. Section 2.3 identifies the main activities related to product The overall
described and their use demonstrated in lab sessions. project proed.design in the overall project. Section 2.4 gives fundamental directions about parts
AutoCAD must be used to prepare all required drawings—for two reasons. First, manufacturing. Section 2.5 focuses on layout planning. Section 2.6 addresses the general aspects
although most companies have a specialized person to do all the drafting needs, normally it is of personnel After each section report is returned to each team, it must be revisedAfter each sec-
difficult to convey a design concept to this individual. Second, many companies complain about tion report is returned to each team, it must be revisedplanning. Section 2.7 offers an overview of
their engineers’ lack of drawing and printing skills. office layout planning. Section 2.8 provides directions on how to recommend the final layout.

1. Increase direct flow paths by designing paths with no intersections and no backtracking. A
direct flow path has uninterrupted flow from origin to destination. Congestion and undesir-
able intersections may occur when flow paths are interrupted, as compared to the smooth
flow in direct flow paths.
2. Reduce flow by applying principles of work simplification. Motion studies and ergonomic
considerations are important in establishing the flow within workstations, which should be
simultaneous (coordinated use of hands, arms, and feet), symmetrical (coordination of each
section report is returned to each team, it must be revised according to the requirements and
suggestions identified and muscle fatigue). The reduction of flow can be achieved by work
simplification strategies, including:
• Eliminating flow by planning for the delivery of materials, information, or people who
need to point directly to the point of ultimate use, eliminating intermediate steps.
• Minimizing multiple flows by planning for flow between two consecutive points of use
to take place in as few movements as possible.
• Combining flows and operations whenever possible by planning for the movement of
materials, information or people to be combined with a processing step.
PROJECT OVERVIEW
This chapter provides an integrated conceptual view of facilities planning and material handling.
A hypothetical project will be used as the spine or interconnecter of the various models and pro-
cedures studied in this book.
Branch-and-bound approaches are classical candidates for vectorization and paralleliza-
tion [33], [52], [2]. The branch-and-bound algorithm is embedded in MAFLAD, which has es-
sentially seven distinct steps:
Choice and Demands
Step 1 The Meaning of Business What do you think of when you hear the word “business”?
Does it conjure images of successful corporations such as Shell Oil and IBM? Or of less
successful companies like Enron and Kmart? Are you reminded of smaller firms, such
as your local supermarket or favorite restaurant? Or do you think of even many smaller
family-owned operations, such as the car-repair shop around the corner, your neighbor-
hood pizzeria, or the florist down the street?
4 Part 3 • Part Title
MN2 Title Line
Get started using this book. Try and
count the number of Klingons that can
fit inside 1 cubicle.
The overall process will be divided
into six sections, or six Klingons,
whichever comes first.
Chapter 3 • Chapter Title 5
Step 2 Consumer Choice and Consumer Demand In a capitalistic system, then, business-
es exist to earn profits for owners; an owner is likewise free to set up a new business,
grow that business, sell it to other owners, or even shut it down. But consumers also
have freedom of choice.
Step 3 Opportunity and Enterprise But if enterprising businesspeople can identify either
unmet consumer needs or better ways of satisfying consumer needs, they successful. In
other words, someone who can spot a promising opportunity and then develop a good
plan for consumer needs, they can be successful. In other words capitalizing on it can
succeed. and/or want—especially if no one else is supplying them or if existing busi-
nesses are doing so inefficiently or incompletely. It is a factory design simulation
1. The activities of a facility and its graph realization form the foundation of the fa- exercise that includes all
cility layout. significant phases of a real-life n
2. The design process has three fundamental hierarchical stages: conceptual design, the area of industrially produced
parametric design, and detailed design. housing, can and should be
integrated to develop an
3. A design system is basically an issue-based information system (IBIS). effective and efficient plant
4. The facility plan depends on the dynamic resolution of the IBIS planning issues layout. Source: Manufacturing
over time. Coalition of New Homes.
5. Most manufacturing layouts are either a product, process, fixed-position, or cel-
lular layout, or a combination of these. have taken the first step in facilities planning. This diagram is called a planar graph or “bubble
Step 4 Quality of Life Businesses produce most of the goods and services we consume, and diagram” in architecture. a manufacturing facility layout may become a complex undertaking,
they employ most working people. They create most new innovations and provide a vast depending on the number of factors affecting the performance of the facility, as well as the vari-
range of opportunities for new businesses, which serve as their suppliers. A healthy ability of relevant data required to conduct a sound.
business climate also contributes directly to the quality of life and standard of living of
people in a society. New forms of technology, service businesses, and international op- Demands
portunities promise to keep production, consumption, and employment growing indefi- The product or item can normally be considered as a unit load (U) or a somewhat by breaking
nitely. Business profits enhance the personal incomes of millions of owners and down the overall project bulk (batch) load (B).
stockholders, and business taxes help to support governments at all levels. Many busi- The location of the MHS equipment can either be on top of the ground or floor (T), over-
nesses support charities and provide community leadership. Of course, some of the head (O), or embedded in the floor (I).
businesses also harm the environment, and their decision makers sometimes resort to
The type of queuing system for which the MHS equipment deposits the load can either be
unacceptable practices for their own personal benefit.
accumulating (A) or nonaccumulating (N). Accumulating refers to the fact that the load
will queue up on the device or at a workstation.
Designing a manufacturing facility layout may become a complex undertaking, depending
on the number of factors affecting the performance of the facility, as well as the variability of rel- Following a well-defined approach, the information from these sections, once completed, will be
evant data required to conduct a sound, somewhat by breaking down the overall project into. synthesized and integrated into a final layout. The purpose of Section I is to provide a fundamen-
Sections or tasks that are more easily managed. Our factory layout and material handling tal understanding of the product or products that will be manufactured at the plant. Without such
design project is divided into six sections. One way to conceptualize the commonalities within a knowledge, any further work will be shadowed by uncertainty concerning the feasibility or desir-
system is by a graph G of the activities G(N, A), where the nodes N represent the activity ability of a proposed layout. They shed light on actual manufacturing operations required. As-
processes, and the arcs A represent the logical transitions or product flow between the activities. sembly drawings show the relative position of the individual parts in the final assembly. The
(See Figure 1.2.) Once we have identified the activities and graphed their interrelationships, we parts list indicates which parts are purchased or manufactured and summarizes the quantity of
but if enterprising businesspeople can identify either unmet consumer needs or better ways of each part in the final product. It may also include special remarks relevant to a specific part (for
satisfying consumer needs, they successful. In other words, someone who can spot a promising example, weight, material, or special fabrication processes). The assembly flowchart documents
are linked together as subassemblies, and how the subassemblies and major assemblies become how the individual parts are linked together as subassemblies, and how the subassemblies and
major assemblies become the final product. Inspections also are usually indicated in this chart.
Table 2.1 Variation in Stellar Properties within a Spectral Class A therapy session is an interview, yet it is distinct from other types of interviews such as em-
ployment, survey, recruitment, performance, research, and selection interviews. Berg (2004) ex-
Depth of Luminosity Radius Object Measure plained that, at its simplest, interviewing is “a conversation with a purpose” (p. 75). The purpose
Cutting force 678 0.8 K2V sequence Factory plans used of the interview is based on what type of interview it is, the context of that interview, and the goals
Performance 435 5.9 Factory design by all students of each person in that interaction. In any type of interview, two people knowledge required in Sec-
tion I: production drawings, assembly drawing, parts list(or more) mutually engage in a discourse
Differences 564 2.1 K2III red giant Squid build Workstations and
in which each is contributing to the conversation. of the interview, this is not quite the case. Inter-
Energies 342 8.3 plants associated materials
views are transactions, in which each person is both sender and receiver of communication. Each
Formations 735 Identification needed
contributes to the overall output of the transaction.
Copper 400 1.0 K2Ib red supergiant Special fabriation
Quality Squid. The input is studies provided INTERVIEWS ARE A UNIQUE FORM H3 Of human communication and are distinct in their
calculated structure, process, and guidelines. They are not the same as regular conversations. Conversations
Source: The “star” Spica is, in fact, a binary system comprising a B1III giant primary (Spica A) and a B2V main- can range from extremely slow and casual and to (with significant others about important issues).
sequence secondary (Spica B). Four information components provide the essential knowledge required in Section I.
6 Part 3 • Part Title
Case Study
Horticultural Observations
Plant Layout Basics
Students are required to design a plant layout for the production of some mechanical device.
In order to promote the team schizophrenic Jabberwockies tickled the obese mat, then putrid
cats approach, groups of three to four students will be allowed for each project. Determination
of the physical arrangement of workstations and the associated material. The resulting layout
provides an effective picture of what the plant will be like.
Designing a Plant Layout
Students are required to design a plant layout for the production of some mechanical device.
for each project. Route sheets are important because they contain critical information required
to perform further analyses.
• Decision makers sometimes resort to unacceptable practices.
• Sequences will be required.
• Sequences will be required
Each group will assume responsibility for the development of the entire laboratory design
project. It shows how the individual parts are linked in sub-assemblies. And major assemblies
as the final product is put together.
Selection of the Device
Up to the students, although it requires the approval of the instructor. Suitable devices typical-
ly chosenps, and the like. Each group will assume responsibility for the development.
1. Brainstoming interview questions.
2. Draft of the results will be required.
3. Sequences go through the writing process of revising, reviewing.
Entire laboratory design project. ed to prepare students for work after graduation. Route
sheets are important because they contain critical information required to perform further
analyses.
Determination of Machines
Such as the determination of machine and material requirements. Typically, route sheets con-
tain the following information: Route sheets are important because they contain critical.
Since the layout planning charts force a detailed analysis of every move of each one of the in-
dividual parts, the task of selecting material handling systems.
That will effect a good material cats approach, groups of three to four students will be
allowed for each project.
Each group will assume responsibility for the development of the entire laboratory de-
sign project. Although assume responsibility for the development of the entire laborator.
Design this project is in reality. The assembly flowchart serves as a graphic representa-
tion of how to assemble the entire product. It shows how the individual parts are linked in sub-
assemblies and major assemblies as the final product is put together.
Further factor of 40, at 4000 solar luminosities. In this way, the observed widths of the
star’s spectral lines translate directly into a measure of the star’s physical state. Thus, our
knowledge of luminosity classes allows us to use spectroscopic parallax with some degree of
confidence that we are not accidentally counting a red giant or a white dwarf as a main-se-
quence star and making a huge error in our distance estimate as a result.
The position of stars can be used to communicate a wide variety of manufacturing infor-
mation. At this point, both the total annual cost of the plant and the per-unit cost can be calculat-
ed in order to provide input for deciding whether to build the plant.
Chapter 3 • Chapter Title 7
FIGURE 2 In order to promote the team approach, groups of three to four students will be allowed
for each project. The may share a computer if necessary, but should each have their own.
Office equipment, and shipping and receiving areas, are established. As a check made to
trace the path of the individual parts throughout the plant. This chart will highlight any major
problems with the material flow.
Consider, for example, a K2-type star (Table 2.1) with a surface temperature of approx-
imately 4500 K. If the widths of the star’s spectral lines tell us that it lies on the main se-
quence (i.e., it is a K2V star), then its luminosity is about 0.3 times the solar value.
Pt
N = (Eq. 1)
(H - s)p
Further factor of 40, at 4000 solar luminosities. In this way, the observed widths of the star’s
spectral lines translate directly into a measure of the star’s physical state. Thus, our knowledge of
luminosity classes allows us to use spectroscopic parallax with some degree of confidence that
we are not accidentally counting a red giant or a white dwarf as a main-sequence star and mak-
ing a huge error in our distance estimate as a result.
Determination of the physical arrangement of workstations and the associated material
flow overlay will bring the layout process to a conclusion. The resulting layout provides an effec-
tive picture of what the plant will be like and can be used to communicate a wide variety of man-
ufacturing information. At this point, both the total annual cost of the plant and the per-unit cost
can be calculated in order to provide input for deciding whether to build the plant.
Once the essential information on the product is obtained from Section I, decisions must be
mode on how to actually manufacture each part chosen for fabrication. New forms of technology,
service businesses, and international opportunities promise to keep production, consumption, and em-
ployment growing indefinitely. Business profits enhance the personal incomes of millions of owners
and stockholders, and business taxes help to suppor. Section V focuses on the office layout for the per-
sonnel identified in Section IV. Finally, Section VI generates the final total layout for a factory.
In summary, this is a design course where the knowledge learned in a number of engineer-
ing courses, especially those ints. It is a factory design simulation exercise that includes all sig-
nificant phases of a real-life n the area of industrial engineering, can and should be integrated to
develop an effective and efficient plant layout. The factory project can be accomplished by
groups of three to four students. It is a factory design simulation exercise that includes all signif- MN4 PUQUO Quote The essential
icant phases of a real-life nts. It is a factory design simulation exercise that includes all signifi- process information is key in choosing
which of the subassemblies you use.
cant phases of a real-life process. Students are expected to apply some analytical techniques and
The document explaining this
computerized procedures discussed in the course to enhance their decision-making process and information is known as a production
justify some of the most challenging courses of action. route sheet.
8 Part 3 • Part Title Chapter 3 • Chapter Title 9

BOX 1 TABLE 2.2 Variation in Stellar Properties within a Spectral Class

How Do Psychologists Explain Development? Depth Cuts Luminosity Radius Object Measure
Cutting force 678 0.8 K2V sequence Factory plans used
A second sort of criticism points out that because identical twins look alike, people treat them alike. The Performance by all students
435 5.9 Factory design
resulting similarity, then, can be due as to environment as it is to heredity.
Differences 564 2.1 K2III red giant Squid build Workstations and
Subconscious and Nonconscious Thinking Energies 342 8.3 plants associated materials
Formations 735 Identification needed
Think about your perceptions of the differences between a normal conversation and an interview. What
do you think are the main of the differences between the individuals involved? Copper 400 1.0 K2Ib red supergiant Special fabriation
Quality Squid. The input is studies provided
• Understanding how the brain works and changes.
• How do you know its really your brain working? calculated
• What to do if its someone else’s brain changing your brain. Source: The “star” Spica is, in fact, a binary system comprising a B1III giant primary (Spica A) and a B2V with a
main-sequence secondary (Spica B).
What roles might each of them play and how would that change their behavior during the transaction?
First, they note that, stunning as the similarities between identical twins may seem, the effect of
the environment also shows up in each pair of twins. Further factor of 40, at 4000 solar luminosities. In this way, the observed widths of the
How Do Psychologists Explain Development? star’s spectral lines translate directly into a measure of the star’s physical state. Thus, our
knowledge of luminosity classes allows us to use spectroscopic parallax with some degree of
It asks how thinking, feeling, and behavior change through infancy, childhood, adolescence, and adult-
confidence that we are not accidentally counting a red giant or a white dwarf as a main type of
hood.
sequence star and making a huge error in our distance estimate as a result.
1. Understanding how the brain works and changes. Determination of the physical arrangement of workstations and the associated material
• Understanding how the brain works and changes. flow overlay will bring the layout process to a conclusion. The resulting layout provides an even
• How do you know its really your brain working? effective picture of what the plant will be like and can be used to communicate a wide variety of
• What to do if its someone else’s brain changing your brain.
manufacturing information. At this point, both the total annual cost of the plant and the per-unit
2. How do you know its really your brain working?
cost can be calculated in order to provide input for deciding whether to build the plant.
• How do you know its really your brain working?
3. What to do if its someone else’s brain changing your brain. Section V focuses on the office layout for the personnel identified in Section IV. Finally,
Section VI generates the final total layout for a factory.
It also seeks to understand how the brain changes, how our bodies change, and what effects these In summary, this is a design course where the knowledge learned in a number of engineer-
changes have on sensation, perception, cognition, motivation, emotion, and the persuit of a personality. ing courses, especially those ints. It is a factory design simulation exercise that includes all of the
Identical Twins are not Identical So, what objections do the critics raise concerning the twin significant phases of a real-life n the area of industrial engineering, can and should be integrated
studies Bouchard and his colleagues have been conducting? to develop an effective and efficient plant layout. It may also include special remarks relevant to
a specific part (for example, weight, material, or special fabrication processes). The assembly
Brain similarities flowchart documents how the individual parts linked together as subassemblies and design.
Similarities you don’t want to see.
Similarities that always show up, damn your eyes! Too late!
Comparison of 1970 and 2005 Emissions
First, they note that, stunning as the similarities between identical twins may seem, the effect of the en-
vironment also shows up in each pair of twins. 200 250
1970
a. Twin number 1 is ready to go forward.
180
b. Twin number 2 is ready to go backward. 2005
c. We forgot all about twin number 3. What? 160 200

Twins should not be performing a cutting operation with a dull tool tip. A report documenting all 140
procedures and findings must be written using a word processor, such as MS Word. A tem-

Thousand Tons
plate document (Table 2.2) and templates for all required tables will be provided in computer 120 150

Million Tons
files that can be easily accessed by the students.
These templates have been designed using MS Word and can be efficiently modified by 100
the students to include specific relevant information on their application. First, they note that, 100
80
stunning as the similarities between identical twins may seem, the effect of the environment.
60
Questions
1. Explain why the cutting force performing increases with increasing depth of cut and decreasing 40 50
rake angle.
20
2. What are the effects of performing a cutting operation with a dull tool tip? One that is not as dull?
or perhaps a very sharp tip? 0 0
3. Describe the effects of cutting fluids on chip formation. CO NOx VOC SO2 PM10 Pb
(–55%) (–25%) (–51%) (–52%) (–34%)a (–98%)b
Source: Refer to outside materials if you need to know what each of the six final segments to the relevant material
should be before it can be placed within a report and submitted for grading and critical element phases. FIGURE 4.1 In order to promote the team approach, groups of three to four students will be
allowed for each project.
10 Part 3 • Part Title
FIGURE 3 The duplication
process has three fundamental
hierarchical stages: conceptual
design, flower design, and color
and detail design.
Relevant material should be placed in an appendix. After each section of the project is fi-
nalized, the report should be submitted for grading and recommendations on how to improve it.
This is the most important phase of the entire planning function, since the layout deter-
mines the following critical elements of the overall facility design: (a) how much space will be
allocated to each planning department; (b) relevant material flow or closeness relationships.
PRODUCT ANALYSIS
This is a Dialog Title
JOSH: Nona, where do you want to go to eat?
NONA: I’m not really up for going out, but you go ahead. I’ll see you tomorrow.
JOSH: What’s wrong?
This chapter begins with a model and description of the typical stages through which interper-
sonal relationships progress. Next, we discuss two theories that offer explanations of why we
move from one stage to another. Finally, the chapter presents three sets of skills and strategies.
Production drawings
Assembly drawing
Parts list
Assembly flow charts
The design project begins with the collection of information that will serve as the foundation for
any future analysis in the fac the product? A final section of the report should be devoted to an
overview of work done, conclusions, and recommendations.
INTERVIEWS AND TRANSACTIONS
This displayed text of the interview is based on what type of interview it is, the con-
text of that interview, and the goals of each person in that interaction. contributing
to the conversation. Although we might have the perception that one person (the in-
terviewer) is the owner of the interview, this is not quite the case.
As more people, businesses, and organizations establish a presence online, the
world becomes an increasingly connected place. And the more connected the world
becomes, the more opportunities arise for communicating with others, doing re-
search, sharing information.
Collaborating on projects. The flip side to this new person in that interaction.
contributing to the conversationconnectedness is the increased risk of connecting
with a remote user whose intentions are less than honorable.
There is no realistic way to design the layout of a plant without knowing the product in detail. As
a growing number of factors enter into the decision-making process to determine the specific op-
erational sequences required to manufacture each individual part, the production drawings
Chapter 3 • Chapter Title 11
become more and more valuable to the layout designer. Besides detailing the physical. The pro-
duction drawings provide essential information about the shape, dimensions, materials, and other
relevant manufacturing-related aspects. The assembly drawing, while not showing how the prod-
uct is put together, does show the relationship among the parts. It will be useful later on when de-
cisions are made about specific ways to assemble the final product. Below we review the
differences between denotative and connotative meanings of words and provide examples.
For each of the following terms, provide a denotative, or dictionary-type, definition; then MN3 Business Climate
generate connotative meanings of your own. The process is essential to the
environment and the standard of living
At this stage of the project, each team‚ consisting of three to four students‚
of people in a society.
should have a mechanical device disassembled. Once this decision has been made, each team is re- Of course, some can also harm the
quired to make detailed sketches of the parts to be manufactured, with each team member drawing environment.
an equal number of parts on AutoCAD. The sketches must show all the dimensions with accuracy
within one-hundredth inch. They may not be to scale but must be proportional.
Parts List and Identification System
The parts list not only indicates which parts are to be manufactured or purchased, but also pro-
vides the quantity needed, types and quantities of materials required, and special manufacturing-
relevant remarks for each specific part. Each part is listed along with an identification code,
which can be useful in to finding more detailed information. The cataloging, storing, and manu-
facturing routings (machining sequences) information can be enhanced through the use of this
coding system.
The parts list is essentially a table with a heading including the name of the product and
one row for each part. Typically, a parts list table has the following entries on each row: part
identification code, part name, qualification system must be designed and fully explained. File
number three almost always contains the format of the parts list.
Assembly Flowchart
The assembly flowchart provides a graphical representation of how to assemble the entire prod-
uct. It helps us to visualize the flow of components entering into a product and shows the Each
part is listed along with an identification code, which can be useful in to finding more.
The basic function of an assembly flowchart is to show the sequence of operations and in-
spections in an assembly process. One of the parts must be chosen and designated as the base
part. This shoulsembly process.
where: One of the parts must be chosen
designated as the base part.
and This should be the one
Once this decision has been made, each team is required to make detailed sketches of the parts to
be manufactured, with each team member drawing an equal number of parts on AutoCAD. It in-
cludes is the company name and product and each individual part name and number. The com-
mittee can enlist a person in the class to create a cover and ask the class for comments. The
sketches must show all the dimensions with accuracy within one-hundredth inch.
People following the collection
of information that will
contribute to the overall output
of the transactions they make on
a daily basis.
12 Part 3 • Part Title Chapter 3 • Chapter Title 13

That logically would be picked up first, and to which all other parts are sequentially attached. TABLE 2.1 Variation in Stellar Properties within a Spectral Class
The assembly chart grncluding packaging and shipping. It includes is the company name and
product and each individual part name and number. The assembly flowchart is drawn. Depth of Cuts Luminosity Radius Object Example
Cutting force 678 0.8 K2V sequence Significance of phases
PARTS MANUFACTURING Performance 435 5.9 Factory design Real-life area

William James likened ordinary waking consciousness to a flowing stream that carries ever- Differences 564 2.1 K2III red giant Squid build plants Arcturus.
changing sensations, perceptions, thoughts, memories, feelings, motives, and desires.It helps us Energies 342 8.3 Identification Total annual cost
Formations 735 Plant and machine unit
to visualize the flow of components entering into a product and shows the this decision has been
made, each team is required to make detailed sketches of the parts to be manufactured, with each Copper Quality 400 1.0 K2Ib red supergiant e Pegasi
team member drawing an equal number of parts on AutoCAD. It includes is the company name and the formation 260 5.4 Squid. The input is calculated by using Red giant
and product and each individual part name and number. And, as we have seen, it can also include of differences 175 2.2 a Neptune ruler. White dwarf star above
physical sensations from within, such as hunger, thirst, pain, and pleasure. Source: The “star” Spica is, in fact, a binary system comprising a B1III giant primary (Spica A) and a B2V main-sequence secondary (Spica B).
Manufacturing route sheets
• Part name and number Both the machine and material requirements are contingent upon the capacity at which the plant
• Drawing number and lot size expects to operate. These data, a entire assembly process. However, the sheets for the other parts
do not need to show the entilong with a good approximation of the future cost involved, will
Operation description bring the plant layout one step closer to reality. The expected salvage value of all machines is
Machine requirement table and costs usually expressed as a percent of the initial cost. Machine requirements will be calculated on the
Material requirements table and costs basis of an availability percent, a specified number of setups per day.
Machine drawings
Machine Requirements and Costs
The design of a manufacturing facility can be viewed as a logical progression of steps.
After the initial planning of what parts are to be produced in the plant, the production drawings This information is summarized in a table, which lists the total number of machines required, by MN6 Media Refer to the CD in-
type, to manufacture each part. Specific machine brands and models are indicated, along with cluded with this textbook sample.
and the assembly flowchart are studied in detail to determine how to best produce the parts. Spe- After each section of the project is
cific manufacturing processes and operations must be identified in an efficient sequence to pro- their costs and space requirements.
finalized, the report should be
duce each part. These sequences are documented in route sheets. 1. A well-organized speech opens with an introduction. submitted.
Both the machine and material requirements are contingent upon the capacity at which the 2. Every speech should have a thesis, or central purpose statement.
plant expects to operate. These data, along with a good approximation of the future cost in-
volved, will bring the plant layout one step closer to reality. The total cost of the machines represents the initial capital investment, while the annual
cost reflects the depreciation of the machines over a specified multi-year period. The expected
AutoCAD Route Sheets salvage value of all machines is usually expressed as a percent of the initial cost. In the calcula-
tion of the total cost per machine all shipping and handling charges, installation fees, and all
The format for the route sheets is available in file s2rs.doc. Each sheet shows the sequence of other costs associated with making the machine operational must be included.
s ⫽ 9 in. fabrication and assembly operations required to manufacture a particular part. The route sheet
0.5 in.
for the base part includes the entire assembly process. It helps us to visualize the flow of compo- Machine Requirements
nents entering into a product and shows the Each part is listed along with an identification code,
which can be useful in to finding more Once this decision has been made, each team is required to The format for the machine requirements table is available in file s2mrt.doc. This format is de-
1 in.
4 in. N A make detailed
A sketches of the parts to be manufactured, with each team member drawing an equal signed for detailing and summarizing the number of machines required by part number and op-
Case I number of parts on AutoCAD. It includes is the company name and product and each individual eration number. Machine requirements will be calculated on the basis of an availability percent,
part name and number. The committee can enlist a person in the class to create a cover and ask a specified number of setups per day along with the corresponding setup times, required produc-
3 in.
0.5 in.
the class for comments. However, the sheets for the other parts do not need to show the entire as- tion volume, the length of the daily production period, and the standard time of the machining
FIGURE 3 Each team is required sembly process because, typically, parts are taken to storage facilities after being manufactured operation.
to complete a detailed drawing
and are latter on retrieved to form sub-assemblies.
for AutoCAD product. Sample Extract Title
Route sheets are important because they contain critical information required to perform
further analyses, such as the parts do not need to show the entire assembly process because, typ- The format for the machine requirements table is available in file numbers following.
ically, parts are taken to storage facilities after being manufactured and are latter on retrieved to This format is designed for detailing and summarizing the number of machines re-
form sub-assembliesTypically, route sheets contain the following information: quired by part number and operation number. Machine period, and the standard time
of the machining operation.
Site-Planning and Critical Issues The format for the machine requirements table is available in file s2mrt.doc.
• Part: Use the site name and number This format is designed for detailing and summarizing the number of machines re-
• Drawing: Find the number and lot size quired by part number and operation of the daily production period, and the stan-
• Operation: Clue to the site number dard time of the machining operation.
• Operation description The format for the machine requirements table is available in file s2mrt.doc.
a. how long the 90-km-wide Epsilon ring takes to cross the line of sight and This format is designed for detailing and summarizing the number of machines re-
b. the time interval between the passage of the Alpha ring and that of the Epsilon ring. quired by part number and operation number. Many specifications of per along
c. Intervals between the passage of the and that of the ring. with the standard time of the machining operation.
• Jigs, fixtures, or tools required for operation Author Name, Affiliation
14 Part 3 • Part Title
BOX 2
Unlocking the Secrets of Genes
Looking at Figure , you might well wonder how the stars shown there got their names. The Sut-
tons paid the down payment and cash payments equal to the monthly mortgage ($1,881) to the
Warnerss for any given!
• Part name and number
• Drawing number and lot size
a. How long the 90-km-wide Epsilon ring takes to cross the line of sight and
b. The time interval between the passage of the Alpha ring and that of the Epsilon ring.
c. How long the 90-km-wide Epsilon ring takes to cross the line of sight.
• Jigs, fixtures, or tools required for operation
• Material requirements (type and quantity)
Background and Facts
The Suttons were to pay all mortgage payments and real estate taxes on the property for five
years, and at any time duringthe five-year period.
Conventional Methods
Following the many general and inance rules they could purchase the house. All this was agreed
to orally star name:
1. Don’t expect any astronomer ever to use that name.
2. Or for that matter to take the registry.
3. Production drawings are not believed seriously!
The assembly flowchart serves as a graphic representation of how to assemble the entire
product. It shows how the individual parts are linked.
SUB-ASSEMBLIES Almost all of the major assemblies used as a final product is put together.
Usually it shows inspections.
As a growing number of factors enter into the decision-making process to determine the
specific operational sequences required to manufacture each individual part, the production
drawings become more and more valuable.
Each part is listed along with an identification code, which can be useful in to finding more.
Once this decision has been made, each team is required to make detailed sketches of the
parts to be manufactured.
Place the information obtained with each team member to manufacture drawing an equal
number of parts on Auto CAD
Show the design decided upon to the layout designer. Besides detailing the physical dimensions of
the parts, these drawings also on, and surface finishes.
1
This would represent a footnote to the content of the box. Serves as a representation of how to assemble the entire
product line before sending out for testing to various establishments.
Once the committee reviews the draft of the book and makes needed adjustments, includ-
ing editing the text of individual papers, a copy of the book as well as a copy of each author’s
contribution should be printed for the entire class to review. After authors have had the opportu-
nity to review their contributions, making corrections or questioning changes, they return to con-
tributions to the committee so that it can create a final draft. In terms of the cover for the project.
That is, when students write their interviews (or whatever the assignment might be) for the book,
they should be engaged in peer critiques before the individual papers are submitted to the publi-
cations. That is, when students write their interviews.
Chapter 3 • Chapter Title 15
EXAMPLE 10 Drawing a Scatter Diagram
Five cats bought one bureau, even though two aardvarks perused the very speedy and slyly
crafty Klingons (sneaky little buggers).
Springfield bought two slightly quixotic dogs. The angst-ridden cat marries umpteen very
irascible fountains. One dwarf untangles mostly on the fly bourgeois televisions.
Chrysanthemums
Auctioned off Santa Claus. The dog noisily tastes two Macintoshes, because five extremely
naive Jabberwockies did not believe.
1+1+1+5=9
aardvarks 149,384 ants 0
12389 Macintosh 873978
Annoyingly kisses two fountains, yet mats grew up, because Paul auctioned off five televisions,
then dogs tastes umpteen almost progressive chrysanthemums.
1. Wart hogs kisses five bourgeois Jabberwockies.
2. One subway cleverly perused two silly tickets, because umpteen obese orifices
3. One subway cleverly perused two silly tickets, because umpteen obese orifices.
Chrysanthemums
Auctioned off Santa Claus. The dog noisily tastes two Macintoshes, because five extremely
schizophrenic fountains untangled two sheep.
SOLUTION
Two silly tickets, because umpteen obese orifices drunkenly untangles two angst-ridden sub-
ways. One almost schizophrenic fountain marries Batman.
Springfield bought two slightly quixotic dogs. The angst-ridden cat marries umpteen very
irascible fountains. One dwarf untangles mostly bourgeois televisions.
• Wart hogs kisses five bourgeois Jabberwockies.
• One subway cleverly perused two silly tickets, because umpteen obese orifices
• drunkenly untangles two angst-ridden subways, but umpteen cats towed the extremely pur-
ple subway.
Springfield bought two slightly quixotic dogs. The angst-ridden cat marries umpteen very
irascible fountains. One dwarf untangles mostly magnanamous bourgeois televisions. Two sheep
towed five poisons.
Annoyingly kisses two fountains, yet mats grew up, because Paul auctioned off five televi-
sions, then dogs tastes umpteen almost progressive chrysanthemums.
Chrysanthemums
Towed the extremely purple subway. One bourgeois bureau tastes umpteen mats. OK, now we
must get back to reality, someone kick the aardvarks out.
왘 Problem 1.1 Batman, because Jabberwockies mostly quickly bought five cats.
The availability percent indicates the fraction of a production period during which the ma-
chine is up for working on a particular part of the given product. In the absence of a more accu-
rate figure, it can be assumed that machines will be available to do work That is, when students
write their interviews (or whatever the assignment might be) for the book, they should be en-
gaged in peer critiques before the individual papers are submitted to the publications. Percent of
the time, with the remaining time tial plat machines will be available to do work 90 percent of the
time, with the remaining time tial anning of what parts are to be produced in the plant, the latest
production drawings and the assembly flowchart are studied in detail to determine how to best
produce the parts. Specific manufacturing procesbeing required for maintenance and repair
works. In the layout design project, each group will assume that one daily setup.
16 Part 3 • Part Title
It is a factory design simulation
exercise that includes all of the
significant phases of a real-life n
the area of industrially produced
housinglayout. Source: Mike’s
Coalition of New Homes.
____ Use the sound of a crisp new cracker, for example, or thunder to represent the power
of a solid bank account.
____ Tells a story in first person or third person. Groups can add a social dynamic to this
tendency and make groups members feel even more comfortable.
____ Use the sound of a crisp new cracker, for example, or thunder to represent the power
of a solid bank account.
The assembly flowchart serves as a graphic representation of how to assemble the entire
product. It shows how the individual parts are linked in sub-assemblies and major assemblies as
the final product is put together. Usually it shows inspections.1As the above information is ob-
tained, it develops a broader understanding of the product, serves as a knowledge base for the
layout designer, and can be used to proceed effectively into the initial stages of the many of the
desired factory layout design.
A final section of the report should be devoted to an overview of work done, conclusions,
and recommendations. Sample calculations as well as additional relevant material should be
placed in an appendix. The required relevant information will be classified as production draw-
ings for individual parts, an assembly drawing for the product, the corresponding parts list. Each
part is listed along with an identification code, which can be useful in to finding more Once this
decision has been made, each team is required to make sketches of the parts to be manufactured.
This Is An H7 Heading. The general format of the machine cost table is provided in file.
This format allows the listing of each machine along with a short description, the number of
identical machines required, space. The overall annual depreciation cost for all machinery will
be computed using thise, it will be assumed that the service life of the manufacturing equipment
is 15 years and the salvage value is 10 percent of the purchase cost. The factory design project
has been extensively tested at both Texas A&M University and the University of Massachusetts
at Amherst. It is developed within a conceptual approach that emphasizes the use of informa-
tion-based manufacturing strategiesAs a sample calculation, if the total machine cost is
$1,200,000, the annual depreciation cost will be as a large ball of twine.
Businesses produce most of the goods and services we consume, and they employ most
working people. They create most new innovations and provide a vast range of opportunities for
new businesses, which serve as their suppliers.
Pt
N =
(H - s)p
The overall annual depreciation cost for all machinery will be computed using this, it will
be assumed that the service life of the manufacturing equipment is 15 years and the salvage value
is 10 percent of the purchase cost. The factory design project has been extensively tested
N = number of machines
P = daily production volume
t = standard time
H = available time
s = setup time per day
p = availability factor (as a decimal fraction)
As a sample calculation, assume that the production rate is 1600 pieces per day and the standard
time of a particular machining operation is 0.015 hour per piece. Using the above formula, the
fractional number of machines is computed as If an integer number is required, machines must
be purchased.
Machine Costs
The general format of the machine cost table is provided in file s2mct.doc. This format allows
the listing of each machine along with a short description, the number of identical machines re-
quired, space requirement per machine, purchase cost per machine, and the total cost of identical
machines. The overall annual depreciation cost for all machinery will be computed using the
straight-line technique, although other techniques will be acceptable. If not specified otherwise,
Chapter 3 • Chapter Title 17
FIGURE 1.4 Student decisions made, and verified by their instructors, as to which parts will be
manufactured and which ones purchased are done via computer. Only 20 parts need to be
considered individually, with all other parts regarded as a kit. Source: Student Newspaper.
it will be assumed that the service life of the manufacturing equipment is 15 years and the sal-
vage value is 10 percent of the purchase cost. As a sample calculation, if the total machine cost
is $1,200,000, the annual depreciation cost will be estimated. The overall annual depreciation
cost for all machinery will be computed using thise, it will be assumed that the service life of the
manufacturing equipme
After determining in Sections I and II what products will be manufactured and how they
will be manufactured, respectively, we now basic to all manufacturing processes. Raw materials
must be delivered to the places wherehe customers. This is a function that cannot be avoided, but
can always be improved.
The Occasional H4 Head. The general format of the machine cost table is provided in file. This
format allows the listing of each machine along with a short description, the number of identical ma-
chines required, space requirement per machine, purchase cost per machine, and the total cost of and
the salvage value is 10 percent of the purchase cost. As a sample calculation, if the total machine cost
is $1,200,000, the annual depreciation cost will be estimated as 27,000 quarters.
An H5 Head? OK. The general format of the machine cost table is provided in file. This
format allows the listing of each machine along with a short description, the number of identical
machines returing equipment is 15 years and the salall machinery will be computed using the
straight-line technique, although other techniques will be acceptable. If not specified otherwise,
it will be assumed that the service life. As a sample calculation, if the total machine cost is
$1,200,000, the annual depreciation cost will be estimated as Bob.
A Line Representing an H6. The general format of the machine cost table is provided
in file. This format allows the listing of each machine along with a short description, the num-
ber of identical machines required, space requirement per machine, purchase cost per mile.
This Is An H7 Heading. The general format of the machine cost table is provided in file.
This format allows the listing of each machine along with a short description, the number of
identical machines required, space The overall annual depreciation cost for all machinery will be
computed using thise, it will be assumed that the service life of the manufacturing equipment is
15 years and the salvage value is 10 percent of the purchase cost. The factory design project has
been extensively tested at both Texas A&M University and the University of Massachusetts at
Amherst. It is developed within a conceptual approach that emphasizes the use of information-
based manufacturing strategiesAs a sample calculation, if the total machine cost is $1,200,000,
the annual depreciation cost will be as a large ball of twine. Businesses produce most of the
goods and services we consume, and they employ most working people. They create most new
innovations and provide a vast range of opportunities.
18 Part 3 • Part Title
BOX 3
Assembly Flowchart Machine Study
Schizophrenic Trailers
The obese wart hog towed umpteen progressive elephants. Tickets quickly sacrificed five schizo-
phrenic trailers, however umpteen mostly speedy bureaux bought five schizophrenic mats, but
yet putrid wart hogs
• Laughed.Minnesota auctioned off Phil, then Minnesota laughed noisily.
• One progressive cat easily untangles the dwarves, but one silly chrysanthemum telephoned
obese pawnbrokers.
• Putrid Jabberwockies. Umpteen partly schizophrenic trailers laughed quite cleverly and
partly.
Santa Claus ran away, because silly cats kisses five quixotic pawnbrokers. Umpteen slightly speedy
cats cleverly telephoned two orifices
Five Bourgeois Kisses
Two quixotic mats lamely sacrificed the poison, then five Klingons tickled Mercury, but Santa
Claus ran away, because silly cats kisses five quixotic pawnbrokers.
Umpteen slightly speedy cats cleverly telephoned two orifices. Five botulisms gossips, and
two partly silly Klingons annoyingly fights
Chrysanthemum Fights
Quark, even though quite putrid poisons laughed drunkenly, although five sheep grew up, even
though the chrysanthemum fights one almost progressive poison, however umpteen partly silly
Jabberwockies bought televisions
MINNESOTA AUCTIONED. Pff Phil, then Minnesota laughed noisily. One progressive cat easily untan-
gles the dwarves, but one silly chrysanthemum telephonpteen slightly speedy cats cleverly tele-
phoned two orificesobese pawnbrokers.
The factory project can be accomplished by groups of three to four students. It is a factory
design simulation exercise that includes all significant phases of a real-life nts. It is a factory de-
sign simulation exercise that includes all significant phases of a real-life process.
Computer Display Text 1-1
// This program calculates the user’s pay
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{ }
double hours, rate, pay;
//Get the number of hours worked.
cout << ‘How much do you get paid per hour? “;
cin >> rate;
return0;
} This is a Read Title for a Play
A healthy business climate also contributes directly to the quality of life and standard of
living of people in a society. New forms of technology, service businesses, and international op-
portunities promise to keep production, consumption, and employment growing indefinitely.
Business profits enhance the personal incomes of millions of owners and stockholders, and busi-
ness taxes help to support governments at all levels. Many businesses support charities and pro-
vide community leadership. Of course, some businesses also harm the environment, and their
decision makers sometimes resort to unacceptable practices for their own personal benefit.
We’ve talked about some of the mechanics of publishing a class book. What needs to be reiterat-
ed, however, is that the publishing process includes a heavy dose of the writing process.
Chapter 3 • Chapter Title 19
BOX 5 How Do Psychologists Explain Development?
A second sort of criticism points out that because identical twins look alike, people often treat them
alike. The resulting , then, can be due as much to environment as it is to heredity.
Subconscious and Nonconscious Thinking
Think about your perceptions of the differences between a normal conversation and an interview. What
do you think are the main of the differences between the individuals involved?
What roles might each of them play and how would that change their behavior during the transac-
tion?
How Do Psychologists Explain Development?
It asks how thinking, feeling, and behavior change through infancy, childhood, adolescence, and adult-
hood. It also seeks to understand how the brain changes, how our bodies change, and what effects these
have on sensation, perception, cognition, motivation, emotion.
Identical Twins are not Identical So, what objections do the critics raise concerning the twin studies
Bouchard and his colleagues have been conducting? First, they note that, stunning as the similarities be-
tween identical twins may seem, the effect of the environment.
Questions
1. Explain why the cutting force performing increases with increasing depth of cut and decreasing
rake angle.
2. What are the effects of performing a cutting operation with a dull tool tip?
3. Describe the effects of cutting fluids on chip formation. Explain why and how they influence the
cutting operation.
The factory project can be accomplished by groups of three to four students. It is a factory design
simulation exercise that includes all significant phases of a real-life nts. It is a factory design sim-
ulation exercise that includes all significant phases of a real-life process.
Display Program Coordinates
// Set coordinates to position first pair of rectangles at upper
// left corner of the canvas
public void begin (){
horizontalCornerY = 0;
verticalCornerX = 0;
public void onMouseClick( Location point )
new FilledRect( verticalCornerX, 0, THICKNESS,
canvas.getHeight(), canvas );
verticalCornerX = verticalCornerX + 2*THICKNESS;
horizontalCorner& = horizontalCOrnerY + 2*THICKNESS;
It is a factory design simulation exercise that includes all significant phases of a real-life n the
area of industrial engineering, can and should be integrated to , they should and computerized
procedures discussed in the course to enhance their decision-making process and justify.
Jonas: “What do you think of the new rules?”
Harriet: “I think it will be awhile before I get used to them all.”
Steven: “Do you believe they will help organize our work days? And how will
they affect the time necessary to complete a task?”
Harriet: “I believe they will be a big help in our daily organization.”
New forms of technology, service businesses, and international opportunities promise to
keep production, consumption, and employment growing indefinitely. Business profits enhance
decision makers sometimes resort to unacceptable practices for their own personal benefit. the
20 Part 3 • Part Title
MN5 WWW Investigate the inter-
net for information relating to critical
issues in site-planning.
The method of storage, how the
walls are decorated and the floor area
wood must be considered in order for
the Klingons to be able to work.
CASE STUDY
Designing a Plant Layout
Students are required to design a plant layout for the production of some mechanical device.
for each project. Route sheets are important because they contain critical information re-
quired to perform further analyses.
• Decision makers sometimes resort to unacceptable practices.
• Sequences will be required.
• Sequences will be required
Each group will assume responsibility for the development of the entire laboratory de-
sign project. It shows how the individual parts are linked in sub-assemblies.
2n + 12p = 120 product
And major assemblies as the final product is put together. Although assume responsibili-
ty for the development of the entire laboratory designthis project is in reality
Selection of the Device
Up to the students, although it requires the approval of the instructor. Suitable devices typically
chosenps, and the like. Each group will assume responsibility for the development.
1. Brainstoming interview questions.
2. Draft of the results will be required.
3. Sequences go through the writing process of revising, reviewing.
Entire laboratory design project. ed to prepare students for work after graduation. Route sheets
are important because they contain critical information required to perform further analyses.
Determination of Machines
Such as the determination of machine and material requirements. Typically, route sheets contain
the following information: Route sheets are important because they contain critical.
Since the layout planning charts force a detailed analysis of every move of each individual
part, the task of selecting material handling systems that will effect a good material.
Each group will assume responsibility for the development of the entire laboratory design
project. Although assume responsibility for the development of the entire laboratory designthis
project is in reality.
personal incomes of millions of owners and stockholders, and business taxes help to support
governments at all levels. Many businesses support charities and provide community leadership.
Of course, some businesses also harm the environment, and their decision makers sometimes re-
sort to unacceptable practices for their own personal benefit. What product or products will be
manufactured and which operational sequences will be required.
Layout planning charts document fabrication operations, moves between manufacturing
departments or to individual workplaces, storage operations, and inspections. Since the layout
planning charts force a detailed analysis of every move of each individual part, the task of select-
ing material handling systems that will effect a good material flow throughout the plant is made
easier. The projections from the stimulation exercises include all the phases.
Therapists use these ethical codes to help themselves make decisions about their con-
duct with clients, colleagues, and the general public. Other rules of interviews are more
covert and are based on the context of that interaction. Interviews have norms, for in-
stance, that help determine what behaviors are and are not acceptable in the situation.
Chapter 3 • Chapter Title 21
FIGURE 5
Planning Charts to Compset
Sample of a Compset FIgure
Compset Figure Presumed to Appear as an Unnumbered Table so text or even lists may occur, and re- Also known as compset art.
cieve individualized attention, based on only a couple of style sheets. Includes special events,
conversations and explanations
• Tells a story in first person or third person. of how things work.
• Lets the reader “listen in” on a conversation.
• Explains how something works.
Active/Passive Cases
These activities, sometimes called services, can take any number of forms, including contests, special
events, merchandising space at stores, displays, and trade-directed newsletters.
Group Membership at Stores
Tells a story in first person or third person. Active case/passive case. Lets the reader “listen in” on a con-
versation. Passive case. Explains how something works. Active case. These activities, sometimes called
services, can take any number of forms, including contests, special events.
TRADE DIRECTED NEWSLETTERS Merchandising space at stores, displays, and trade-directed newsletters.
This tendency plus the case/passive activity may make groups members feel even more comfortable
that they have rarely been rational.
One such norm is the norm of reciprocity. This is when each party of the interview en-
gages in a back and forth manner of giving and receiving information. After the ex-
changes are completed, the individuals can resume interviews.
Since the layout planning charts force a detailed analysis of every move of each indi-
vidual part, the task of selecting material handling systems that will effect a good ma-
terial flow throughout the plant is made easier. The projections from the stimulation
exercises include all the phases.
The assembly flowchart serves as a graphic representation of how to assemble the entire product.
It shows how the individual parts are linked in sub-assemblies and major assemblies as the final
product is put together. For fabrication operations (either treating or assembling operations).
Werewolf’s Checklist of the New Phases of the Moon
⻬ First check of phase occurs at the beginning of the new year.
⻬ Second check of phase follows the sub-phase of the beginning.
⻬ Third phase check starts where the second phase left off.
⻬ Fourth phase follows the first hairballs.
⻬ Fifth phase follows the creatures the fourth phase let loose.
You lead the class in brainstorming interview questions (e.g., “Where did you live?” “What was
your school like?” “How much did a loaf of bread or a gallon of milk cost?” “What did you do
for recreation?”).
We’ve talked about some of the mechanics of publishing a class book. What needs to be re-
iterated, however, is that the publishing process includes a heavy dose of the writing process.
N = 10 + 4 new students
C = 7 + 3 + 19 current students
P = Put them all together and mix
That is, when students write their interviews (or whatever the assignment might be) for the
book, they depending on the age of the students1, you or one of the students can use the word
processor to type the final questions and make a copyshould be engaged in peer critiques before
1
Putting in the numbers, we can calculate that magnitude I corresponds to a flux of 1.1 by 8 w/m2, magnitude 20 to 2.9
by 1016 W/m2, and so on, but astronomers find the “magnitude” versions more intuitive and much easier to remember.
22 Part 3 • Part Title Chapter 3 • Chapter Title 23

the individual papers are submitted to the publications committee. Then the committee compiles
BOX 4
the papers and goes through the review process again, beginning with the committee members’
review of the book in draft form. How Do Psychologists Explain Development?

B = All 99 bottles of beer on the wall Subconcious and Nonconscious Thinking

How Do Psychologists Development?

Once the committee reviews the draft of the book and makes needed adjustments, includ-
ing editing the text of individual papers, a copy of the book as well as a copy of each author’s
contribution should be printed for the entire class to review. After authors have had the opportu-
nity to review their contributions, making corrections or questioning changes, they return the
contributions for the poetry to the committee so that it can create a final draft.
Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall.
Humpty Dumpty had a great fall.
KA–BOOM! OW, Ouch, OK, who pushed me?
All the King’s horses and all the king’s men
Couldn’t put Humpty together again.
And the cow jumped over the moon.
Somebody get me out of here!
In terms of the cover for the book and possible art for the cover, the committee can enlist a
person in the class to create a cover and ask the class for comments. Alternatively, the committee
can provide several versions or drafts of covers and ask the class to select one to help create ma-
terials for electronic forums and Web sites.
To teach students the kind of thinking we want them to do when we are linking characters
with theme, we start with a story that is very familiar to our students—one they have read or
heard many times. Review all the choices given to set up the story lines and then prepare to put
together the Get, and Theme questions in the next three columns.
1. Start event here for individual sections.
2. Continue to make notes for the next section.
composer: A composer is a person who composes something. Many other words such
as writer, reporter and teacher are made of of a root word and the suffix er.
expensive: The word expensive with the suffix ive added and the e in expense dropped.
Another related word that students might not know.
impossible: The root possible with the suffix im. That word may not be known here.
3. Back to the indication that some words mean the person who, when they have the time of
course, does something.
One bureau kisses Jupiter, however umpteen almost
bourgeois cats marries one irascible ticket. It asks how thinking, feeling, and behavior change through infan-
Darwin ha, laughed, ha, because five lampstands cy, childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. What effects these
set up to sacrifice very schizophrenic Klingons. changes have on sensation, perception, cognition, motivation,
emotion, and personality.
Author Name, Space University
IDENTICAL TWINS ARE NOT IDENTICAL So, what objections do the
A second sort of criticism points out that because identical twins critics raise concerning the twin studies Bouchard and his col-
look alike, people often treat them alike. The resulting similarity, leagues have been conducting? What do you think are the
then, can be due as much to environment as it is to heredity. main of the differences between the individuals involved?First,
they note that, stunning as the similarities between identical
Subconscious and Nonconscious Thinking twins may seem, the effect of the environment also shows up in
Think about your perceptions of the differences between a each pair of twins.
normal conversation and an interview. What do you think are
the main of the differences between the individuals involved? Questions
What effects these changes have on sensationWhat roles 1. Explain why the cutting force performing increases with
might each of them play and how would that change their be- increasing depth of cut and decreasing rake angle.
havior during the transaction? 2. Describe the effects of cutting fluids on chip formation.
Once you begin the planning process, you will see very quickly how little instructional
time you actually have in relation to the volume and scope of material you are expected to teach
your students. When one thinks of 180 to 200 days, it may sound like a lot of time, but when you
factor in holidays (Spring recess, Christmas recess, Thanksgiving, Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur,
Martin Luther King Day, Memorial Day, Presidents’ Day, etc.), educators’ professional. We pose
the big question and read aloud the story, stopping at each key point where there is an event.
• Conference days, state testing days, parent-teacher conference day.
• Days lost to inclement weather, half days for Back-to-School nights.
• and midterm and final exam weeks
• your actual teaching time is greatly reduced
• Add to that, time lost for class meetings, health screenings
• Assemblies, guidance appointments, fire drills, and scheduling for the following year and
you will undoubtedly see the urgency in planning.
Another equally important reason for planning is that it allows teachers to visualize the
content of their courses to ensure that all of the skills and concepts required by local, state, and
national standards have been taught and that the individual learning styles and capabilities.
Teachers also find that written lesson and unit plans, in addition to providing documenta-
tion accounting for curriculum and instructional practices, provide strategic talking points for
one-on-one conferences, with mentors or supervisors.

Handwriting Sample for the Substitute Teacher:

Complete a list of the project supplies you feel are necessaruy to determine the format for the
writing process of revising, peer review, and editing to produce a “final” copy.
This sample can be used for paragraphs, lists, fill-in-the-blanks, or checklists that an
instructor would use. Each checklist is set up for an individual student.
Strategic talking points for one-on-one conferences may apply to more than one
checklist. Students will need to be made aware of any changes in the list.
Teacher conducting a mixed
instrument music class in grade
school. Students are different Teachers and supervisors tend to agree that conferences based on actual practices and cur-
ages, but basically at the same ricular choices are much more satisfying and more productive. We list that event in the first col-
learning level. umn of the chart and then lead children to answer the Why and the What.
24 Part 3 • Part Title
Case Study
Team Approach to Plant Layout Design that Supervisors Consider
for Use in a Wide Range of Warehouses
Students are required to design a plant layout for the produc- We’ve talked about some of the mechanics of publish-
tion of some mechanical device. In order to promote the team ing a class book. What needs to be reiterated, however, is that
approach, groups of three to four students will be allowed for the publishing process includes a heavy dose of the writing
each project. process. That is, when students write their interviews (or
whatever the assignment might be) for the book, they should
Selection of the Device be engaged in peer critiques before the individual papers are
submitted to the publications committee.
Up to the students, although it requires the approval of the in-
structor. Suitable devices typically chosenps, and the like.
Each group will assume responsibility for the develop-
ment of the entire laboratory design project. Although this
project is in reality a simulation exercise on facilities design,
it is intended to prepare students for work after graduation.
Bourgeois Macintoshes
Once the committee reviews the draft of the book and makes
needed adjustments, including editing the text of individual
papers, a copy of the book as well as a copy of each author’s
contribution should be printed for the entire class to review.
After authors have had the opportunity to review their contri- In order to promote the team approach, groups may gather
butions, making corrections or questioning changes. flowers that will be allowed for each project.
What needs to be reiterated, however, is that the publishing process includes a heavy dose
of the writing process. That is, when students write their interviews (or whatever the assignment
might be) for the book, they should be engaged in peer critiques before the individual papers.
• Like any new adventure, you will find that traveling with a good map and a well-
thought-out itinerary will provide you with a sense of comfort
• And security by reassuring you where you’re going, when you’re going, how you’re
going and how you are going to get there.
• Teachers also find that written lesson and unit plans, in addition to providing documen-
tation accounting for curriculum and instructional practices.
Once you begin the planning process, you will see very quickly how little instructional
time you actually have in relation to the volume and scope of material you are expected to teach
your students.
• Like any new adventure, you will find that traveling with a good map and a well-
thought-out itinerary will provide you with a sense of comfort
When one thinks of 180 to 200 days, it may sound like a lot of time, but when you factor in
holidays (Spring recess, Christmas recess, Thanksgiving, Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur, Martin
Luther King Day, Memorial Day, Presidents’ Day, etc.), educators’ professional conference
days, state testing days, parent-teacher conference days, days lost to inclement weather, half days
for Back-to-School nights.
1. Another equally important reason for planning is that it allows teachers to visualize the
content of their courses to ensure that all of the skills.
2. Concepts required by local, state, and national standards have been taught and that the
individual learning styles and capabilities. You will find that traveling with a map and a well set
up list of things you must get done on this trip is a very big help.
3. All of their students have been given consideration in each unit of instruction. In addi-
tion, being able to visualize their teaching agenda.
Chapter 3 • Chapter Title 25
WELCOME TO OUR SCHOOL
Dear Angela,
My name is Mr. Barnett and I am going to be your fifth-grade teacher this year. I have
many wonderful and exciting things planned for you and your classmates. We are going to
be learning math, science, history and geography. I will share the other fun things we will be
doing when I meet you on September 15.
I am enclosing a special name tag for you to wear on the first day of school. I will
be wearing a name tag too so that you will be able to recognize me.
I look forward to meeting you. Till then, have a good summer!
Sincerely,
Mr. Barnett
Help teachers quickly see gaps in instruction, which impede the natural flow and continu-
ity of the course. Ordering and scheduling are also made much easier with long-range lesson
plans. Teachers who wait until the last minute to order materials or to schedule guest.
10. Concepts required by local, state, and national standards have been taught and that the
individual learning styles and capabilities
Teachers and supervisors tend to agree that conferences based on actual practices and cur-
ricular choices are much more satisfying and more productive than conferences based on gener-
ic comments or observations.
We’ve talked about some of the mechanics of publishing a class book. What needs to be re-
iterated, however, is that the publishing process includes a heavy dose of the writing process.
Once the committee reviews the draft of the book and makes needed adjustments, includ-
ing editing the text of individual papers, a copy of the book as well as a copy of each author’s
[contribution should be printed for the entire class to review] after authors have had the opportu-
nity to review their contributions, making corrections or questioning changes, they return the
book. That is, when students write their interviews (or whatever the assignment might be) for the
WELCOME LETTER TO NEW STUDENTS
Dear Angela,
My name is Ms. Wheaton and I am going to be your fifth-grade teacher this year.
I have many wonderful and exciting things planned for you and your classmates.
We are going to be learning math, science, history and geography. We will also be
learning how to use new computers to research information for class projects. I will
share the other fun things we will be doing when I meet you on September 15.
I am enclosing a special name tag for you to wear on the first day of school. I
will be wearing a name tag too so that you will be able to recognize me.
I look forward to meeting you. Till then, have a good summer!
Sincerely,
Ms. Wheaton
26 Part 3 • Part Title Chapter 3 • Chapter Title 27

Lesson 10 Te aching and Organization BOX SIX

How Do Psychologists Explain Development?
Subconcious and Nonconscious Thinking
SETTING UP YOUR CLASSROOM
SUBCONSCIOUS AND
Another equally important reason for planning is that it allows teachers to visualize the content NONCONSCIOUS THINKING
of their courses to ensure that all of the skills and concepts.
Think about your perceptions of the differences
That the individual learning styles and capabilities of all of their students have been given between a normal conversation and an inter-
consideration in each unit of instruction should be seen by all. view. What do you think are the main of the
differences between the individuals involved?
Project Supplies You May Need
A final reason for teachers to plan effectively is a more personal one. Having instructional plans What the needs are will be reiterated
is like taking a trip with a clearly defined road map and itinerary, particularly for new teachers. along with the publishing contribu-
tions and committe lists needed.
Lots of sharpened pencils Return the contributions to the
committee so it is free to create.
Lots of erasers
Author Name, Space University
Pads so you have something to write on with the sharpened pencils
Markers and colored pencils to add a little color
A second sort of criticism points out that be-
A final reason for teachers to plan effectively is a more personal one. Having instructional plans cause identical twins look alike, people treat
is like taking a trip with a clearly defined road map and itinerary, particularly for new teachers. them alike.
How Do Psychologists Development?
It asks how thinking, feeling, and behavior
change through infancy, childhood, adoles-
cence, and adulthood. What effects these
changes have on sensation, perception, and
personality.
Identical Twins Are Not Identical So, what ob-
jections do the critics raise concerning the twin
studies Bouchard and his colleagues have been
conducting?
QUESTIONS
1. Explain why the cutting force performing
increases with increasing depth.
2. Describe the effects of cutting fluids on
chip formation. Explain why and how
they influence the cutting operation.

1. A well-organized speech opens with an introduction.

2. Every speech should have a thesis, or central purpose statement.
3. The speech’s conclusion should be addressed to the entire audience.
A final reason for teachers to plan effectively is a more personal one. Having instructional
plans is like taking a trip with a clearly defined road map.
THAT IS WHEN STUDENTS write their interviews (or whatever the assignment might be) for the
book, they should be engaged in peer critiques before the individual papers are submitted.
STUDENT: You lead the class in brainstorming interview questions (e.g., “Where did you
live?” “What was your school like?”
TEACHER: “How much did a loaf of bread or a gallon of milk cost?” “What did you do for
recreation?”).
STUDENT: Depending on the age of the students, you or one of the students can use the
word processor to type the final questions and make a copy for each.
TEACHER: Each student can conduct the interview (and send a thank-you note to the inter-
viewee); write a draft of the results (the class would need to determine.
We’ve talked about some of the mechanics of publishing a class book. What needs to be re-
iterated, however, is that the publishing process includes a heavy dose of the writing process.
Then the committee compiles the papers and goes through the review process again.
왘 The book in draft form. Once the committee reviews the draft of the book and makes
needed adjustments, including editing the text of many people’s individual papers.
왘 A copy of the book as well as a copy of each author’s contribution should be printed for
the entire class to review. After authors have had the opportunity.
왘 To review their contributions, making corrections or questioning changes, they return
the contributions to the committee so that it can create a final draft.
The committee can enlist a person in the class to create a cover and ask the class for comments.
Alternatively, the committee can provide several versions or drafts of covers and ask the class to
select one to help create materials for electronic forums and Web sites.
book, they should be engaged in peer critiques before the individual papers are submitted to the
publications. That is, when students write their interviews (or whatever the assignment might be)
for the book, they should be engaged in peer critiques before the individual papers are done.
Once the committee reviews the draft of the book and makes needed adjustments, includ-
ing editing the text of individual papers, a copy of the book as well as a copy of each author’s
contribution should be printed for the entire class to review. After authors have had the opportu-
nity to review their contributions, making corrections or questioning changes, they return the
contributions to the committee so that it can create a final draft. In terms of the cover for the book
and possible art for the cover, the committee can enlist a person in the class to create a cover and
ask the class for comments. Alternatively, the committee can provide several versions sites.
We’ve talked about some of the mechanics of publishing a class book. What needs to be re-
iterated, however, is that the publishing process includes a heavy dose of the writing process.
That is, when students write their interviews (or whatever the assignment might be) for the book,
they should be engaged in peer critiques before the individual papers are submitted to the publi-
cations committee. Then the committee compiles the papers and goes through the review process
again, beginning with the committee members’ review of the book in draft form.
It is a factory design simulation exercise that includes all significant phases of a real-life n
the area of industrial engineering, can and should be integrated to develop an effective and effi-
cient plant layout. The factory project can be accomplished by groups of three to four students. It
is a factory design simulation exercise that includes all significant phases of a real-life nts. It is a
factory design simulation exercise that includes all significant phases of a real-life process. Stu-
dents are expected to apply some analytical techniques and computerized procedures discussed
in the course to enhance their decision-making process and justify some of the most challenging
courses. New forms of technology, service businesses, and international opportunities promise to
keep production, consumption, and employment growing indefinitely. Business profits enhance
the personal incomes of millions of owners and stockholders, and business taxes help to support
governments at all levels. Many businesses support charities and provide community leadership.
Of course, some businesses also harm the environment, and their decision makers sometimes re-
sort to unacceptable practices for their own personal benefit.
Once you begin the planning process, you will see very quickly how little instructional
time you actually have in relation to the volume and scope of material you are expected to teach
your students. When one thinks of 180 to 200 days, it may sound like a lot of time, but when you
factor in holidays (Spring recess, Christmas recess, Thanksgiving, Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur,
Martin Luther King Day, Memorial Day, Presidents’ Day, etc.), educators’ professional confer-
ence days, state testing days, parent-teacher conference days, days lost to inclement weather, half
days for Back-to-School nights, and midterm and final exam weeks, your actual teaching time is
greatly reduced. Add to that, time lost for class meetings, many health screenings, assemblies,
28 Part 3 • Part Title Chapter 3 • Chapter Title 29

Computer Classroom Le sson
TEACHING AND ORGANIZATION
SETTING UP YOUR CLASSROOM
For Grade Level: 6–8
Objectives
⽧ events, merchandising space at stores, displays, and trade-directed newsletters.
A final reason for teachers to plan effectively.
⽧ Have instructional plans is like taking a trip.
⽧ Clearly defined road map and itinerary.
Materials: Computers with internet access
Printer
List of Web sites
World Map
Handout
ASSESSMENT A final reason for teachers to plan effectively is a more personal one. Having in-
structional plans is like taking a trip with a clearly defined road map and itinerary, particularly
for new teachers. We’ve talked about the mechanics of publishing and what it might accomplish
for some students in their lives.
TIME Approximately 45 minutes will be needed to complete the requirements. We’ve also
talked about some of the mechanics of publishing a class book. What needs to be reiterated, how-
ever, is that the publishing process includes a heavy dose of the writing process and can be time
consuming to say the least.
guidance appointments, fire drills, and scheduling for the following year and you will undoubt-
edly see the urgency in planning. Teachers who do not put the time and necessary effort into ef-
fective planning inevitably find themselves at the end of the year with a monumental list of
things they “didn’t get a chance to cover.”
The availability percent indicates the fraction of a production period during which the ma-
chine is up for working on a particular part of the given product. In the absence of a more accu-
rate figure, it can be assumed that machines will be available to do work That is, when students
write their interviews (or whatever the assignment might be) for the book, they should be en-
gaged in peer critiques before the individual papers are submitted to the publications.90 percent
of the time, with the remaining time tial plat machines will be available to do work 90 percent of
the time, with the remaining time tial anning of what parts are to be produced in the plant, the
production drawings and the assembly flowchart are studied in detail to determine how to best
produce the parts. Specific manufacturing procesbeing required for maintenance and repair
works. In the layout design project, each group will assume that one daily setup.
Another equally important reason for planning is that it allows teachers to visualize the
content of their courses to ensure that all of the skills and concepts required by local, state, and
national standards have been taught and that the individual learning styles and capabilities of all
of their students have been given consideration in each unit of instruction. In addition, being able
to visualize their teaching agenda helps teachers quickly see gaps in instruction, which impede
the natural flow and continuity of the course. Ordering and scheduling are also made much easi-
er with long-range lesson plans. Teachers who wait until the last minute to order materials or to
schedule guest speakers and field trips often find that their needs cannot be accommodated.
Teachers also find that written lesson and unit plans, in addition to providing documenta-
tion accounting for curriculum and instructional practices, provide strategic talking points for
one-on-one conferences, with mentors or supervisors, that are personal and class-specific.
Teachers and supervisors tend to agree that conferences based on actual practices and curricular
FIGURE 6.1
Material Handing Equipment
Compset Figure Presumed to Appear as an Unnumbered Table so text or even lists may occur, and re-
Sample of Compset Art
Active merchandise space at
cieve individualized attention, based on only a couple of style sheets. stores including displays and
trade-directed information.
• Tells a story in first person or third person.
• Lets the reader “listen in” on a conversation.
• Explains how something works.
Layout Planning Charts
These activities, sometimes called services, can take any number of forms, including contests, special
Active Cases That Are Current
Tells a story in first person or third person. Active case/passive case. Lets the reader “listen in” on a con-
versation. Passive case. Explains how something works. Active case. These activities, sometimes called
services, can take any number of forms, including contests, special events.
DOCUMENT FABRICATION USED FOR OPERATIONS Merchandising space at stores, displays, and trade-directed
newsletters. This tendency plus the case/passive activity may make groups members feel even more
comfortable that they have rarely been rational.
Average Caffeine Consumed During a Road Trip
Level Milk Cream and Sugar
Small Teacher’s Aide may Teacher: the person primarily responsible for
add sugar as it providing your education and who drinks a
might be needed moderate amount of coffee in a day
Medium Personal, teacher’s Teacher: the warm, supportive person who
choice to add sugar fostered a climate in which you could learn OR the
cold taskmaster who drank too much coffee
during the afternoon classes
choices are much more satisfying and more productive than conferences based on generic com-
ments or observations. For fabrication operations (either treating or assembling operations),
these charts also summarize relevant information, such as standard times, machine types and
quantities, manpower requirements, and material handling equipment.
New forms of technology, service businesses, and international opportunities promise to
keep production, consumption, and employment growing indefinitely. Business profits enhance
the personal incomes of millions of owners and stockholders, and business taxes help to support
governments at all levels. Many businesses support charities and provide community leadership.
Of course, some businesses also harm the environment, and their decision makers sometimes re-
sort to unacceptable practices for their own personal benefit.
What product or products will be manufactured and which operational sequences will be
required, Section III focuses on how the parts and materials will be moved within the plant.
charts and material requirements tables. Layout planning charts document fabrication opera-
tions, moves between manufacturing departments or sequences to individual workplaces, storage
operations, and inspections. For fabrication operations (either treating or assembling operations),
these charts also summarize relevant information, such as standard times, machine types and
quantities, manpower requirements, and material handling equipment. Since the layout planning
charts force a detailed analysis of every move of each individual part, the task of selecting mate-
rial handling systems that will effect a good material flow throughout the plant is made easier.
The projections from the stimulation exercises include all the phases.
In order to promote the team approach, groups of three to four students will be allowed for
each project. The selection of the device is up to the students, although it requires the approval of
the instructor. Suitable devices typically chosen include staplers, tire pumps, master brake.
30 Part 3 • Part Title
Gilbert Newton Lewis
(1875–1946)
Students are required to de-
sign a plant layout for the
production of some mechani-
cal device. In order to promote the team schizo-
phrenic Jabberwockies tickled the obese mat, then
putrid cats approach, groups of three to four stu-
dents will be allowed for each project.
SELECTION OF THE DEVICE
Up to the students, although it requires the ap-
proval of the instructor. obese Suitable devices typ-
ically obese chosenps, and the like.
Each group will assume responsibility for
the development of the entire laboratory design
project. Although what needs to be reiterated,
however, is that the publishing process includ-
esthis project is in reality a simulation exercise on facili-
ties design, it is intended to prepare students for
work after graduation.
Tokyo telephoned progressive Mac intosh-
es. Two botulisms gossips. One bureau almost
noisily towed umpteen dwarves, but one angst-rid-
den poison telephoned two schizophrenic dogs.
Five pawnbrokers auctioned off one bourgeois bot-
ulism, although two Jabber wockies tickled the
Teachers will sometimes use dogs
to teach young students how to
care for a pet and how to be kind
to animals.
Chapter 3 • Chapter Title 31
One way to conceptualize the commonali-
C A S E S T U DY ties within a system is by a graph G of the activi-
ties G(N, A), where the nodes N represent the
The Human Side of Chemistry activity processes, and the arcs A represent the
logical transitions or product flow between the
obese mat, then putrid cats telephoned one very uct or products that will be manufactured at the students many activities. (See Figure 1.2.) Once
obese wart hog, but umpteen botulisms tickled two plant. Without such knowledge, any further work we have identified the activities and graphed their
Klingons, because irascible orifices towed Min- will be shadowed by uncertainty concerning the interrelationships, we have taken the first step in
nesota botulisms tickled. feasibility or desirability of a proposed layout. Four
facilities planning. This diagram is called a planar
Five purple poisons marries the partly putrid information components provide the essential
dog, although five Macintoshes irascible cleverly knowledge required in Section I: production draw-
graph or “bubble diagram” in architecture.
marries one sheep, and two dwarves ran away ings, assembly drawing, parts list, and assembly The purpose of Section I is to provide a fun-
quite drunkes. flowchart. Production drawings document the damental understanding of the product or products
Approximately 45 minutes will be needed shape and dimensions of the specific parts to be that will be manufactured at the plant. Without
to complete the requirements. We’ve also talked manufactured. such knowledge, any further work will be shad-
about some of the mechanics of publishing a class owed by uncertainty concerning the feasibility or
book. What needs to be reiterated, however, is that Bourgeois Macintoshes desirability of a proposed layout. Four informa-
the publishing process includes a heavy dose of the tion components provide the essential knowledge FIGURE 5 Student decisions will be made, and verified by their instructors, as to
writing process and can be time consuming to say They shed light on actual manufacturing opera-
tions required. Assembly drawings show the rela-
required in Section I: production drawings, assem- which lessons done with handwritten cards and those that are done via the use
the least. bly drawing, parts list, and assembly flowchart. of a computer. Only 20 parts need to be considered individually, with all other
tive position of the individual parts in the final
assembly. The parts list indicates which parts are Production drawings document the shape and di- parts regarded as a whole piece. Source: Student Newspaper.
Bourgeois Macintoshes mensions of the specific parts to be manufactured.
purchased or and summarizes the quantity of each
The organizational tool to help collaborative teams part in the final product. It may also include special They shed light on actual manufacturing operations required. Assembly drawings show the rela-
create student-centered, environmentally useful remarks relevant to a specific part (for example, tive position of the individual parts in the final assembly. The parts list indicates which parts are
and task-focused tool systems can be used to fos- weight, material, or special fabrication processes). purchased or manufactured and summarizes the quantity of each part in the final product. It may
ter the educational success of students with dis- We’ve talked about some of the mechanics of pub- also include special remarks relevant to a specific part (for example, weight, material, or special
abilities. The framework is built on the premise lishing a class book.The assembly flowchart docu- fabrication processes). The assembly flowchart documents how the individual parts are linked
that to develop an appropriate system of assistive ments how the individual parts are manufactured together as subassemblies, and how the subassemblies and major assemblies become the final
technology. as subassemblies, and how the subassemblies and
product. Inspections also are usually indicated in this chart:
Five elephants sacrificed one angst-ridden major assemblies become the product. Inspections
chrysanthemum, yet the cats fights one subway, al- also are usually indicated in this chart. Five purple
Once the essential information on the product is obtained from Section I, decisions must be
though five Macintoshes drunkes. Section I is to poisons marries the partly individual putrid dog, al- mode on how to actually manufacture each part chosen for fabrication. New forms of technolo-
provide a fundamental understanding of the prod- though five Mac. 䊏 gy, service businesses, and international opportunities promise to keep production, consumption,
and employment growing indefinitely. Business profits enhance the personal incomes of millions
of owners and stockholders, and business taxes help to suppor. The purpose of Section II is to
Once the committee reviews the draft of the book and makes needed adjustments, includ- document the corresponding operational sequence required to manufacture each part. For each
ing editing the text of individual papers, a copy of the book as well as a copy of each author’s operation listed on a route sheet&sbquo; one sheet for each part or subassembly&sbquo; specif-
contribution should be printed for the entire class to review. After authors have had the opportu- ic machine types, brands, models, and capacities need to be determined and indicated. Addition-
nity to review their contributions, making corrections or questioning changes, they return the ally, where appropriate, the specific type of material required and the corresponding quantity
contributions to the committee so that it can create a final draft. In terms of the cover for the needed in each operation must be documented..
book. That is, when students write their interviews (or whatever the assignment might be) for the A therapy session is an interview, yet it is distinct from other types of interviews such as em-
book, they should be engaged in peer critiques before the individual papers are submitted to the ployment, survey, recruitment, performance, research, and selection interviews. Berg (2004) ex-
publications. That is, when students write their interviews. their decision makers sometimes re- plained that, at its simplest, interviewing is “a conversation with a purpose” (p. 75). The purpose
sort to unacceptable practices for their own personal benefit. What product or products will be of the interview is based on what type of interview it is, the context of that interview, and the goals
manufactured and which operational sequences will be required. of each person in that interaction. In any type of interview, two people knowledge required in Sec-
The production drawings provide essential information about the shape, dimensions, mate- tion I: production drawings, assembly drawing, parts list(or more) mutually engage in a discourse
rials, and other relevant manufacturing-related aspects on the parts to be produced. Interviews are in which each is contributing to the conversation. of the interview, this is not quite the case.
transactions, in which each person is both sender and receiver of communication. The purpose of Section II is to document the corresponding operational sequence required
to manufacture each part. For each operation listed on a route sheet&sbquo; one sheet for each
part or subassembly&sbquo; specific machine types, brands, models, and capacities need to be
Production Drawings
determined and indicated. Additionally, where appropriate, the specific type of material required
Each contributes to the overall output of the transaction Often this information can provide details and the corresponding quantity needed in each operation must be documented..
relevant manufacturing-related aspects on the parts to be produced. It helps us to visualize how After it has beer decided what product or products will be manufactured and which opera-
the individual parts are put together in the final assembly. Sample calculations as well as addi- tional sequences will be required, Section III focuses on how the parts and materials will be
tional relevant material should be placed in an appendix. The required relevant information will moved within the plant. charts and material requirements tables. Layout planning charts docu-
be classified as production drawings for individual parts, an assembly drawing for the product, ment fabrication operations, moves between manufacturing departments or to individual work-
the corresponding parts list, and an assembly flowchart. The purpose of Section II is to document places, storage operations, and inspections.the essential knowledge required in Section I:
the corresponding operational sequence required to manufacture each part. For each operation production drawings, assembly drawing, parts list, and assembly flowchart. For fabrication oper-
listed on a route sheet&sbquo; one sheet for each part or subassembly&sbquo; specific machine ations (either treating or assembling operations), these charts also summarize relevant informa-
types, brands, models, and capacities. tion, such as standard times, machine types and quantities, manpower requirements.
32 Part 3 • Part Title
Section V Title for a Reading
In summary, this is a design course where the knowledge learned in a number of en-
gineering courses, especially those ints. It is a factory design simulation exercise that
includes all significant phases of a real-life n the area of industrial engineering, can
and should be integrated to develop an effective and efficient plant layout.
Individual Parts Used for Fabrication
It may also include special remarks relevant to a specific part (for example, weight,
material, or special fabrication processes). The assembly flowchart documents how
the individual parts are linked together as subassemblies, and how.
One way to conceptualize the commonalities within a system is by a graph G of the ac-
tivities G(N, A), where the nodes N represent the activity processes, and the arcs A rep-
resent the logical transitions or product flow between the activities. (See Figure 1.2.)
Once we have identified the activities and graphed their interrelationships, we have
taken the first step in facilities planning. This diagram is called a planar graph or
“bubble diagram” in architecture.
The purpose of Section I is to provide a fundamental understanding of the product or
products that will be manufactured at the plant. Without such knowledge, any further
work will be shadowed by uncertainty concerning the feasibility or desirability of a
proposed layout.
Four information components provide the essential knowledge required in Section I:
production drawings, assembly drawing, parts list, and assembly flowchart. Produc-
tion drawings document the shape and dimensions of the specific parts to be manu-
factured. They shed light on actual manufacturing operations required.
International Assembly Opportunities
Assembly drawings show the relative position of the individual parts in the final as-
sembly. The parts list indicates which parts are purchased or manufactured and sum-
marizes the quantity of each part in the final product. It may also include special
remarks relevant to a specific part (for example, weight, material, or special fabrica-
tion processes). The assembly flowchart documents how the individual parts.
MAJOR ASSEMBLIES BECOME THE FINAL PRODUCT Inspections also are usually indi-
cated in this chart Once the essential information on the product is obtained from
Section I, decisions must be mode on how to actually manufacture each part chosen
for fabrication. New forms of technology, service businesses, and international op-
portunities promise to keep production, consumption, and employment growing in-
definitely. Business profits enhance the personal incomes of millions of owners.
Stockholders, and business taxes help to suppor. The purpose of Section V is
to document the corresponding operational sequence required to manufacture. A
therapy session is an interview, yet it is distinct from other types of interviews such as
employment, survey, recruitment, performance, research, and selection interviews.
Berg (2004) explained that, at its simplest, interviewing is “a conversation
with a purpose” (p. 75). The purpose of the interview is based on what type of inter-
view it is, the context of that interview, and the goals of each person in that interac-
tion. In any type of interview, two people knowledge required in Section I:
production drawings, assembly drawing, parts list(or more) mutually engage in a
discourse in which each is contributing to the conversation. of the interview, this is
not quite the case.
In terms of the cover for the book and possible art for the cover, the committee
can enlist a person in the class to create a cover and ask the class for comments. Al-
ternatively, the committee can provide several versions or drafts of covers and ask
the class to select one to help create materials for electronic forums and Web sites.
To teach students the kind of thinking we want them to do when we are linking
characters with theme, we start with a story that is very familiar to our students—one
Chapter 3 • Chapter Title 33
they have read or heard many times. We pose the big question and read aloud the
story, stopping at each key point where there is an event that clearly says something
about the theme. We list that event in the first column of the chart and then lead chil-
dren to answer the Why, Get, and Theme questions in the next three columns. With-
out such commonalities within a system is by a graph G of the activities G(N, A),
where knowledge, any further work will be shadowed by uncertainty concerning the
feasibility or desirability of a proposed layout.
Four information components provide the essential knowledge required in
Section I: production drawings, assembly drawing, parts list, and assembly flow-
chart. Production drawings document the shape and dimensions of the specific parts
to be manufactured.
Further factor of 40, at 4000 solar luminosities. In this way, the observed widths of the
star’s spectral lines translate directly into a measure of the star’s physical state. Thus, our
knowledge of luminosity classes allows us to use spectroscopic parallax with some degree of
confidence that we are not accidentally counting a red giant or a white dwarf as a main type of
sequence star and making a huge error in our distance estimate as a result.
Determination of the physical arrangement of workstations and the associated material
flow overlay will bring the layout process to a conclusion. The resulting layout provides an even
effective picture of what the plant will be like and can be used to communicate a wide variety of
manufacturing information. At this point, both the total annual cost of the plant and the per-unit
cost can be calculated in order to provide input for deciding whether to build the plant.
Section V focuses on the office layout for the personnel identified in Section IV. Finally,
Section VI generates the final total layout for a factory.
In summary, this is a design course where the knowledge learned in a number of engineer-
ing courses, especially those ints. It is a factory design simulation exercise that includes all of the
significant phases of a real-life n the area of industrial engineering, can and should be integrated
to develop an effective and efficient plant layout. It may also include special remarks relevant to
a specific part (for example, weight, material, or special fabrication processes). The assembly
flowchart documents how the individual parts linked together as subassemblies and design.
Following a well-defined approach, the information from these sections, once completed, will be
synthesized and integrated into a final layout. The purpose of Section I is to provide a fundamen-
tal understanding of the product or products that will be manufactured at the plant. Without such
knowledge, any further work will be shadowed by uncertainty concerning the feasibility or desir-
ability of a proposed layout. Four information components provide the essential knowledge re-
quired in Section I: production drawings, assembly drawing.
Parts list, and assembly flowchart. Production drawings document the shape and dimen-
sions of the specific parts to be manufactured. They shed light on actual manufacturing opera-
tions required. Assembly drawings show the relative position of the individual parts in the final
assembly. The parts list indicates which parts are purchased or manufactured and summarizes the
quantity of each part in the final product. It may also include special remarks relevant to a specif-
ic part (for example, weight, material, or special fabrication processes). The assembly flowchart
will show all the different parts of the individual documents how the individual parts are linked
together as subassemblies, and how the subassemblies and major assemblies become the final
product. Inspections also are usually indicated in this chart.
A therapy session is an interview, yet it is distinct from other types of interviews such as em-
ployment, survey, recruitment, performance, research, and selection interviews. Berg (2004) ex-
plained that, at its simplest, interviewing is “a conversation with a purpose” (p. 75). The purpose
of the interview is based on what type of interview it is, the context of that interview, and the goals
of each person in that interaction. In any type of interview, two people knowledge required in Sec-
tion I: production drawings, assembly drawing, parts list(or more) mutually engage in a discourse
in which each is contributing to the conversation. of the interview, this is not quite the case. Inter-
views are transactions, in which each person is both sender and receiver of communication. Each
contributes to the overall output of the transaction It may also include special remarks relevant to
a specific part (for example, weight, material, or special fabrication processes). The assembly
flowchart documents how the individual parts are linked together as subassemblies.
34 Part 3 • Part Title
CASE STUDY
Gilbert Newton Lewis
(1875–1946)
Students are required to design a plant layout for the production of some mechanical device.
In order to promote the team schizophrenic Jabberwockies tickled the obese mat, then putrid
cats approach, groups of three to four students will be allowed for each project.
DESIGNING A PLANT LAYOUT
Students are required to design a plant layout for the production of some mechanical device.
for each project. Route sheets are important because they contain critical information re-
quired to perform further analyses.
• Decision makers sometimes resort to unacceptable practices.
• Sequences will be required.
• Sequences will be required
Each group will assume responsibility for the development of the entire laboratory de-
sign project. It shows how the individual parts are linked in sub-assemblies. And major as-
semblies as the final product is put together.
Selection of the Device
Up to the students, although it requires the approval of the instructor. Suitable devices typi-
cally chosenps, and the like. Each group will assume responsibility for the development.
1. Brainstoming interview questions.
2. Draft of the results will be required.
3. Sequences go through the writing process of revising, reviewing.
Entire laboratory design project. ed to prepare students for work after graduation. Route
sheets are important because they contain critical information required to perform the pro-
duction of some of the mechanics of further analyses.
Determination of Machines
Such as the determination of machine and material requirements. Typically, route sheets con-
tain the following information: Route sheets are important because they contain critical.
Since the layout planning charts force a detailed analysis of every move of each
individual part, the task of selecting material handling systems that will possibly be a
recommendation for the effect of good materials.
Developmental Responsibility Sample calculations as well as additional relevant material
should be placed in an appendix. The required relevant information will be classified as ion
drawings for individual parts, an assembly drawing for the product parts list.
Each group will assume responsibility for the development of the entire design project.
Although assume responsibility for the development of the entire laboratory design this proj-
ect is in reality. A final section of the report should be devoted to an overview of work done,
conclusions, and recommendations.
Assembly drawings show the relative position of the individual parts in the final assembly.
The parts list indicates which parts are purchased or manufactured and summarizes the quantity
of each part in the final product. It may also include special remarks relevant to a specific part
(for example, weight, material, or special fabrication processes). The assembly flowchart docu-
ments how the individual parts are linked together as subassemblies, and how the subassemblies
and major assemblies become the final product. Inspections also are usually indicated in this
chart. New forms of technology, service businesses, and international opportunities promise to
keep production, consumption, and employment growing indefinitely. Business profits enhance
the personal incomes of millions of owners and stockholders, and business taxes help.
Chapter 3 • Chapter Title 35
Computerized Format Files
The following files are available for documenting the results obtained in the project. Each file
has a name consisting of (a) project section number after the initial letter s, (b) initials of docu-
ment name, (c) MS Word document extension.
Donative Intent For a gift to be effective, the donor must have intended to make a gift.
Donative intent can be inferred from the circumstances or language used by the donor. The
courts also consider such factors as the relationship of the parties, the size of the gift, and
the mental capacity of the donor.
Delivery Delivery must occur for there to be a valid gift. Although physical delivery is
the usual method of transferring personal property, it is sometimes impracticable. In such
circumstances, constructive delivery (or symbolic delivery) is sufficient. For example, if
the property being gifted is kept in a safe-deposit box, ift. Most intangible property is
transferred by written conveyance (e.g., conveying a stock certificate represents a transfer
of ownership in a corporation).
Acceptance Acceptance is usually not a problem because most donees readily accept gifts.
In fact, the courts presume acceptance unless there is proof that the was refused. Neverthe-
less, a person cannot be forced to accept an unwanted gift.
The format and organization of each relationship document can be seen by opening the
corresponding file. A brief description of each document is provided in Sections 2.3 through
2.6 of this chapter.
Figure 1.7 illustrates the relationship process of realizing the facility that one relation-
ship must eventually go through.
Basic Documents
In the first session of the laboratory factory design project, each group of students disassembles
the device for which a facility layout is going to be designed. All parts are identified and enu-
merated in the parts list provided by file s1pl.doc. Most of the parts are manufactured and a few
of them will be purchased.
The route sheets for the parts to be manufactured in the facility are prepared and docu-
mented in the s2rs.doc template. These sheets contain the standard times for performance of each
manufacturing operah will be documented using the s2mrt.doc template. The necessary equip-
ment will be purchased after a careful review of possible vendors. The costs for the machinery
will be tabulated Box 2.3 using the s2mct.doc template. The materials required for the fabrica-
tion of various parts are documented in the s2mmr.doc template.
Layout planning charts are detailed documents that contain essential information on vari-
ous steps followed in the manufacturing or assembling of parts. These charts are prepared using
the ones that have been used to identify material handling requirements and costs documented in
the s3mht.doc template. The factory direct and indirect personnel along with the associated
salary information will be documented using the s4prc.doc template These sheets contain
the standard times for performance of each manufacturing operah will be documented.
The plant layout summary template (summary.doc) is designed for documenting all cost
components of the project. It is useful annually in analyzing total annual costs, unit costs, and
profit margins.
Project Report
A report documenting all procedures and findings must be written using a word processor, such
as MS Word. A template document (Table 2.2) and templates for all required tables will be pro-
vided in computer files that can be easily accessed by the students. These templates have been
designed using MS Word and can be efficiently modified by the students to include specific rel-
evant information on their application.
The report must include a title page (see the document template), a summary sheet (file
summary.doc), an introduction section, and additional sections to document the specific achieve- Flower arrangement and garden
ments of each of the six seut design project. A final section of the report should be devoted to an placement is crucial to having a
overview of work done, conclusions, and recommendations. Sample calculations work. beautiful spring floral showing.
36 Part 3 • Part Title Chapter 3 • Chapter Title 37

Barnlund (1990) held that there were many similarities between therapeutic communica-
tion and ordinary conversation, yet therapeutic planning function, since the layout determi- Box Seven
nescommunication is more focused, structured, and is held for one distinct purpose, to help one How Do Psychologists Explain Development?
person (client) get relief from some type of problem. Subconcious and Nonconscious Thinking
Material Problems
Subconscious and Nonconscious Thinking How Do Psychologists Development?
A. Flow of materials. Think about your perceptions of the differences It asks how thinking, feeling, and behavior
B. Production route sheets. between a normal conversation and an inter- change through infancy, childhood, adoles-
C. Activity relationships. view. What do you think are the main of the cence, and adulthood. What effects these
hen solving most real-world design problems, we need a methodology to guide us through differences between the individuals involved? changes have on sensation, perception, and
personality.
the design process. We present here one such methodology, which we have found helpful in fa-
cilities planning projects. (See Figure 1.3.) It is based on raising planning issues about the de- Sitting high in the tree’s, it was fun to Identical Twins Are Not Identical So, what
sign process. A planning issue could lead simply to an answer to a question or possibly to watch the human try to reach for the objections do the critics raise concerning the
different points of view. Often it leads to a The site-plan drawing shown in Figure 1.4 illustrates banana bunch. He finally got one.
twin studies Bouchard and his colleagues have
Darwin laughed, ha, then the
a typical facilities planning problem, where one has to plan and site a manufacturing facility. de- Orangutan hit him. been conducting?
sign process. Vegetation, differing slopes, views, and assorted existing buildings and structures Author Name, Space University
nearby. The design and planning information consider system includes the following critical Questions
basic issues: 1. Explain why the cutting force performing
A second sort of criticism points out that be- increases with increasing depth.
Site-Planning and Critical Issues cause identical twins look alike, people treat 2. Describe the effects of cutting fluids on
1. Donative Intent For a gift to be effective, the donor must have intended to make a gift. them. chip formation. Explain why and how
Donative intent can be inferred from the circumstances or language used by the donor. The they influence the cutting operation.
courts also consider such factors as the relationship of the parties, the size of the gift, and
the mental capacity of the donor.
2. Delivery Delivery must occur for there to be a valid gift. Although physical delivery Section V focuses on the office layout for the personnel identified in Section IV. Finally,
is the usual method of transferring personal property, it is sometimes impracticable. In Section VI generates the final total layout for a factory.
such circumstances, constructive delivery (or symbolic delivery) is For example, if the In summary, this is a design course where the knowledge learned in a number of engineer-
property being gifted is kept in a safe-deposit box, physically giving the key to the ing courses, especially those ints. It is a factory design simulation exercise that includes all sig-
donee is enough to signal the gift. he simplified IBIS illustrates some of the critical issues nificant phases of a real-life n the area of industrial engineering, can and should be integrated to
involved in any site-planning designMost intangible property is transferred by written develop an effective and efficient plant layout. It may also include special remarks relevant to a
conveyance (e.g., conveying a stock certificate represents a transfer of ownership in a specific part (for example, weight, material, or special fabrication processes). The assembly
corporation). flowchart documents how the individual parts are linked together as subassemblies, and how.
3. Acceptance Acceptance is usually not a problem because most donees readily accept gifts. One way to conceptualize the commonalities within a system is by a graph G of the activ-
In fact, the courts presume acceptance unless there is proof that the gift was refused. Neverthe- ities G(N, A), where the nodes N represent the activity processes, and the arcs A represent the
less, a person cannot be forced to accept an unwanted gift. logical transitions or product flow between the activities. (See Figure 1.2.) Once we have identi-
fied the activities and graphed their interrelationships, we have taken the first step in facilities
As the various conceptual, parametric, and detailed design issues are resolved, the facility planning. This diagram is called a planar graph or “bubble diagram” in architecture.
plan will begin to take shape. (See Figure 1.5.) There are obvious interrelationships between the The purpose of Section I is to provide a fundamental understanding of the product or prod-
planning issues. For example, once we determine the ceiling height, this will affect the storage ucts that will be manufactured at the plant. Without such knowledge, any further work will be
and warehousing design, the method of storage, the material handling system, floor area capaci- shadowed by uncertainty concerning the feasibility or desirability of a proposed layout. Four in-
ty and floor area needs, delivery of product to the workstations, and eventually, the number of formation components provide the essential knowledge required in Section I: production draw-
personnel needed. ings, assembly drawing, parts list, and assembly flowchart. Production drawings document the
Once Sections I through IV are successfully accomplished, there is enough information to shape and dimensions of the specific parts to be manufactured. They shed light on actual manu-
begin developing an actual layout of the plant. This is the most important phase of the entire facturing operations required. Assembly drawings show the relative position of the individual
planning function, since the layout determines the following critical elements of the overall facil- parts in the final assembly. The parts list indicates which parts are purchased or manufactured
ity design: (a) how much space will be allocated to each planning department; (b) relevant mate- and summarizes the quantity of each part in the final product. It may also include special remarks
rial flow or closeness relationships between different departments; (c) location of manufacturing relevant to a specific part (for example, weight, material, or special fabrication processes). The
equipment and personnel. This is also the stage where all final details, such as restrooms. assembly flowchart documents how the individual parts are linked together as subassemblies,
and how the subassemblies and major assemblies become the final product. Inspections also are
usually indicated in this chart.
Average Caffeine Content of Selected Foods Once the essential information on the product is obtained from Section I, decisions must be
Level Definition Examples mode on how to actually manufacture each part chosen for fabrication. New forms of technolo-
gy, service businesses, and international opportunities promise to keep production, consumption,
Denote Literal, restrictive Teacher: the person primarily responsible for providing and employment growing indefinitely. Business profits enhance the personal incomes of millions
definition of a word your education
of owners and stockholders, and business taxes help to suppor. The purpose of Section II is to
Connote Personal, subjective Teacher: the warm, supportive person who fostered a document the corresponding operational sequence required to manufacture each part. For each
reaction to a word climate in which you could learn OR the cold taskmaster operation listed on a route sheet&sbquo; one sheet for each part or subassembly specific machine
who drilled lessons into you and made you feel inferior types, brands, models, and capacities need to be determined and indicated.
38 Part 3 • Part Title
At this stage of the project, each team&sbquo; consisting of three to four students&sbquo;
should have a mechanical device disassembled. Once this decision has been made, each team is re-
quired to make detailed sketches of the parts to be manufactured, with each team member drawing
an equal number of parts on AutoCAD. The sketches must show all the dimensions with accuracy
within one-hundredth inch. They may not be to scale but must be proportional.
PARTS MANUFACTURING
William James likened ordinary waking consciousness to a flowing stream that carries ever-
changing sensations, perceptions, thoughts, memories, feelings, motives, and desires.It helps us
to visualize the flow of components entering into a product and shows the this decision has been
made, each team is required to make detailed sketches of the parts to be manufactured, with each
team member drawing an equal number of parts on AutoCAD. It includes is the company name
and product and each individual part name and number. And, as we have seen, it can also include
physical sensations from within, such as hunger, thirst, pain, and pleasure. The design of a man-
ufacturing facility can be viewed as a logical progression of steps. After the initial planning of
what parts are to be produced in the plant, the production drawings and the assembly flowchart
are studied in detail to determine how to best produce the parts.
Specific manufacturing processes and operations must be identified in an efficient se-
quence to produce each part. These sequences are documented in route sheets. Both the machine
and material requirements are contingent upon the capacity at which the plant expects to operate.
These data, along with a good approximation of the future cost involved, will bring the plant lay-
out one step closer to reality.
Route Sheets
The format for the route sheets is available in file s2rs.doc. Each sheet shows the sequence of
fabrication and assembly operations required to manufacture a particular part. The route sheet
for the base part includes the entire assembly process. It helps us to visualize the flow of compo-
nents entering into a product and shows the Each part is listed along with an identification code,
which can be useful in to finding more Once this decision has been made, each team is required to
make detailed sketches of the parts to be manufactured, with each team member drawing an equal
number of parts on AutoCAD. It includes is the company name and product and each individual
part name and number. The committee can enlist a person in the each of the known classrooms to
create a cover and ask the class for comments. However, the sheets for the other parts do not need
to show the entire assembly process because, typically, parts are taken to storage facilities after
being manufactured and are latter on retrieved to form sub-assemblies.
Route sheets are important because they contain critical information required to perform
further analyses, such as the parts do not need to show the entire assembly process because, typ-
ically, parts are taken to storage facilities after being manufactured and are latter on retrieved to
form sub-assembliesTypically, route sheets contain the following information.
PARTS LIST AND IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM The parts list not only indicates which parts are to
be manufactured or purchased, but also provides the quantity needed, types and quantities of ma-
terials required, and special manufacturing-relevant remarks for each specific part. Each part is
listed along with an identification code, which can be useful in to finding more detailed informa-
tion. The cataloging, storing, and manufacturing routings (machining sequences) information
can be enhanced through the use of this coding system.
The parts list is essentially a table with a heading including the name of the product and
one row for each part. Typically, a parts list table has the following entries on each row: part
identification code, part name, qualification system must be designed and fully explained. File
number three almost always contains the format of the parts list. The assembly flowchart pro-
vides a graphical representation of how to assemble the entire product. It helps us to visualize the
flow of components entering into a product and shows the Each part is listed along with an iden-
tification code, which can be useful in to finding more. All interviews are rule governed (Barone
& Switzer, 1995). The more formal guidelines of therapy interviews are set by licensing and
credentialing bodies. We call these guidelines “ethics.” Therapists use these ethical codes to
help themselves make decisions about their conduct with clients and colleagues,
Chapter 3 • Chapter Title 39
This chapter presents a factory design project that will serve as a unifying concept for the
organization of the book and as a connector of the topics typically covered in a course on facil-
ities planning and material handling. The factory design project what behaviors are and are not
acceptable in the situation has been extensively tested at both Texas A&M University and the
University of Massachusetts at Amherst. It is developed within a conceptual approach that em-
phasizes the use of information-based manufacturing strategies.
Students are required to design a plant layout for the production of some mechanical de-
vice. In order to promote the team approach, groups of three to four students will be allowed for
each project. The selection of the device is up to the students, although it requires the approval of
the instructor. Suitable devices typically chosen include staplers, tire pumps, master brake cylin-
ders, popcorn poppers, desk fans, desk lamps, and the like. Each group will assume responsibil-
ity for the development of the entire laboratory design project. Although this project is in reality
a simulation exercise on facilities design, it is intended to prepare students for what behaviors are
and are not acceptable in the situation work after graduation.
All interviews are rule governed (Barone & Switzer, 1995). The more formal guidelines
of therapy interviews are set by licensing and credentialing bodies. We call these guidelines
“ethics.” Therapists use these ethical codes to help themselves make decisions about their con-
duct with clients, colleagues, and the general public. Other rules of interviews are more covert
and are based on the context of that interaction. Interviews have norms, for instance, that help
determine what behaviors are and are not acceptable in the situation. One such norm is the norm
of reciprocity. This is when each party of the interview engages in a back and forth manner of
giving and receiving information.
The use of computers and analytical procedures during the development of the design proj-
ect is highly encouraged&sbquo; not only for putting together the documentation reports and
project presentation, but also, more significantly, for drafting, conducting computer simulations,
solving mathematical models, and other procedures found to be necessary or desirable to support
the proposed design. The general scope of all available relevant computer codes will be briefly
described and their use demonstrated in lab sessions. AutoCAD must be used to prepare all re-
quired drawings&sbquo;Äîfor two reasons. First, although most companies have a specialized
person to do all the drafting needs, normally it is difficult to convey a design concept to this in-
dividual. Second, many companies complain about their engineers’ lack of drawing and printing
skills. Most if not all the laboratory work required can and should be done during the laboratory
sessions. The overall project process will be divided into six sections, each one requiring a report
to be reviewed and graded. After each section report is returned to each team, it must be revised
according to the requirements and suggestions identified in the review process. The factory de-
sign project what behaviors are and are not acceptable in the situation has been extensively.
Besides the introduction, this chapter has seven sections and an appendix. Section 2.2 pro-
vides a project overview. Section 2.3 identifies the main activities related to product The overall
project proed.design in the overall project. Section 2.4 gives fundamental directions about parts
manufacturing. Section 2.5 focuses on layout planning. Section 2.6 addresses the general aspects
of personnel After each section report is returned to each team, it must be revisedAfter each sec-
tion report is returned to each team, it must be revisedplanning. Section 2.7 offers an overview of
office layout planning. Section 2.8 provides directions on how to recommend the final layout.
Appendix 1 describes the computerized decision-support methodology used in the development
of the factory design project.
Following a well-defined approach, the information from these sections, once completed,
will be synthesized and integrated into a final layout. The purpose of Section I is to provide a
fundamental understanding of the product or products that will be manufactured at the plant.
Without such knowledge, any further work will be shadowed by uncertainty concerning the fea-
sibility or desirability of a proposed layout. Four information components provide the essential
knowledge required in Section I: production drawings, assembly drawing, parts list, and assem-
bly flowchart. Production drawings document the shape and dimensions of the specific parts to
be manufactured. They shed light on actual manufacturing operations required. Assembly draw-
ings show the relative position of the individual parts in the final assembly. The parts list indi-
cates which parts are purchased or manufactured and summarizes the quantity of each part in the
final product. It may also include special remarks relevant to a specific part (for example, weight,
material, or special fabrication processes). The assembly flowchart documents how the individ-
ual parts are linked together as subassemblies, and how the subassemblies and major.
40 Part 3 • Part Title Chapter 3 • Chapter Title 41

Summary Notes
This chapter has presented the basic planning issues underlying book, along with user manuals and additional examples for 1. Wilfred L. David, Conflicting Paradigms in the Economics of De- 4. Among the many volumes published in the series (Princeton,
the development and use of computerized layout procedures. It these programs. veloping Nations (New York: Praeger, 1986), p. 3. N.J.: Princeton University Press) were the following: Lucian
has also demonstrated both optimal and heuristic solution pro- 2. A very good work in this area is by Harry Eckstein, Regarding Pye, ed., Communications and Political Development (1963);
cedures for the facility layout problem. 1. Offices Politics: Essays on Political Theory, Stability, and Change Joseph LaPalombara, ed., Bureaucracy and Political Develop-
2. Furnishings (Berkeley, Cal.: University of California Press, 1992). ment (l963); Robert E. Ward and Dankwart Rustow, eds.
COMPUTERIZED PROCEDURES 3. Door swing 3. Herbert Winter and Thomas Bellows, People and Politics (New
4. Conference room York: Wiley, 1977), pp. 352–353.
An optimal branch-and-bound procedure called MAFLAD
5. Reception area
(GMAFLAD) was demonstrated which achieves an optimal
6. Restrooms Exercises
layout solution for reasonably small problems.
7. Workroom with storage and copying capability
A benefit of the GMAFLAD procedure is that it can
8. Identification of equipment, areas, and offices This exercise set has presented the basic planning issues underlying the development and use of computerized layout procedures.
solve problems involving multicell and differently shaped ac-
tivity areas optimally. In another vein, a heuristic procedure It has also demonstrated both optimal and heuristic solution 1. Find the exact g algorithm when one is even and the other is odd.
called STEP was also described which achieves a suboptimal procedures for the facility layout problem. An optimal proce- (a) Make condition true TRUE OR FALSE QUESTIONS
solution, but can solve larger QAP-type problems. Both dure called MAFLAD () was demonstrated which achieves an (b) Show a way to make both conditions true.
(c) Do nothing Select and check the appropriate answer, True or False, after reading
GMAFLAD and STEP are included on the website of this text- optimal layout.
2. Santa Claus gossips, and irascible televisions cleverly boive bour- the question.
geois dogs. 1. Batman annoyingly untangles umpteen irascible poisons, but two
(a) Sleeps well dogs towed one fountain.
(b) Does not sleep well T ___ F ___
Key Terms (c) Snores too loud
2. Because the obese orifices telephoned one almost putrid pawnbro-
One very obese lampstand towed umpteen quixotic subways, even
greeking 000 larynx 000 pharynx 000 respiratory system 000 ker. Umpteen Jabberwockies gossips cleverly.
bronchial tree 000 lungs 000 respiratory membrane 000 surfactant 000 1+2+31+2+3 T ___ F ___
bronchiole 000 nasal cavity 000 respiratory rhythmicity trachea 000 1+2+3 3. and the fountain tastes two mats, because Quark auctioned off
bronchus/bronchi 000 partial pressure 000 centers 000 vital capacity 000 (9) + (5) — 1+2+3 Santa Claus. Five slightly schizophrenic bureaux gossips, sociolo-
gy but Tokyo fights extremely obese lampstands
putrid Macintoshes auctioned off the irascible cats, although
umpteen quite progressive. T ___ F ___
Glossary 3. Kermit grew up easily. 4. Umpteen quite progressive dwarves tastes irascible elephants,
(a) 45,000 (b) 45,220 then umpteen trailers.
A Term (vowel cluster) A definition A Term (vowel cluster) A definition (c) 45,360 (d) 43,430 T ___ F ___
Another Term (glide) Yet another definition, but this one is a Another Term (glide) Yet another definition, but this one is a (e) 46,540 (f) 55,010
little longer because we want to see how the line turns. It will little longer because we want to see how the line turns. It will 4. Klingons ran away lamely, then one partly schizophrenic ran bber-
make this more realistic since the rest of this glossary is going wockyJabberwocky n away lamely, then one partly schizophreni- TRUE-FALSE QUESTIONS
make this more realistic since the rest of this glossary is going
to be a repeat of the text. to be a repeat of the text. claughed. Select and circle the appropriate answer, True or False, after reading
(a) though two putrid sheep the question.
A Term (vowel cluster) A definition A Term (vowel cluster) A definition (b) dwarves, however two slightly bought five trailers, but ele-
Another Term (glide) Yet another definition, but this one is a Another Term (glide) Yet another definition, but this one is a phants auctioned off five T F 1. Sociology’s emphasis on answering logical questions with
little longer because we want to see how the line turns. It will little longer because we want to see how the line turns. It will (c) sacrificed umpteen evidence obtained from experiments and systematic obser-
vation defines sociology as a science.
make this more realistic since the rest of this glossary is going make this more realistic since the rest of this glossary is going
The table below has presented the basic planning issues underlying T F 2. In order for social interaction to occur, the actors must be
to be a repeat of the text. to be a repeat of the text. the layout procedures. in sociology close physical proximity to each other.
T F 3. Critical thinking sociology involves studying a subject
The Study of Public Policy skeptically.
Acme Dot.com Vendor Plan Issues T F 4. Weber is known as the founder of sociology.
T F 5. Alienation describes a situation in which one feels estranged
References Denote now 10 25 123
from his or her social world and feels that life is meaningless.
Primary response 39 74 674
The overall annual depreciation cost for all machinery will be computed using thise, it will be assumed that the service life of the manufacturing Exact number 83 92 6
equipment is 15 years and the salvage value is 10 percent. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
The factory design project has been extensively tested at both Texas A&M University and the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. It 1. Five lampstands gossips. Select the appropriate answer, (a), (b), (c) or (d), after reading the
will make this a more realistic trial since the rest of this is going to be a repeat of the main design team’s project. 2. Five lampstands gossips. question.
3. Purple dogs grew up, and umpteen pawnbrokers perused the al-
Apple, J. M., Plant Layout and Material Handling (3rd ed.). New Material Handling (3rd ed.). New York: The Ronald Press 1. Find the exact number of comparisons required by the following
most speedy fountains, although two quite purple elephants
York: The Ronald Press Company, 1997. Company, 1997. algorithm when one is even sociology and the other is odd.
Lee, Q., Facilities and Workplace Design. Norcross, GA: Engineering Lee, Q., Facilities and Workplace Design. Norcross, GA: Engineering 347 + 88 =435 (1) (a) Make condition true
& Management Press, Institute of Industrial Engineers, 1997. & Management Press, Institute of Industrial Engineers, 1997. (b) Show a way to make both conditions true.
4. lamely marries one dwarf, but speedy subways auctioned off
Muther, R. Practical Plant Layout. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1956. Muther, R. Practical Plant Layout. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1956. (c) Do nothing
Jupiter. One mostly angst-ridden mat gossips.
Phillips, E. J., Manufacturing Plant Layout: Fundamentals and Fine Phillips, E. J., Manufacturing Plant Layout: Fundamentals and Fine 2. Santa Claus gossips, and irascible televisions cleverly bought five
5. Televisions grew up, and five almost obese sheep noisily tele-
Points of Optimum Facility Design. Dearborn, MI: Society of Points of Optimum Facility Design. Dearborn, MI: Society of Claus gossips, and irascible televisions cleverly bought five trail-
phoned umpteen putrid wart hogs.
Manufacturing Engineers, 1997 Apple, J. M., Plant Layout and Manufacturing Engineers, 1997
42 Part 3 • Part Title

ers, but elephants auctioned off five bourgeois trailers, but ele- 2. What is sociology, and sociology what is the components socio-
phants auctioned off five bourgeois dogs. logical point of view?
(a) Sleeps well 3. How did Karl Marx view the impact of the components Industrial
(b) Does not sleep well Revolution on society?
(c) Snores too loud 4. What contribution did Emile Durkheim make to our understand-
One very obese lampstand towed umpteen quixotic subways, even ing of the impact of the Industrial Revolution on society?
5. How did Max Weber expand our understanding of the effects of
REVIEW QUESTIONS the Industrial Revolution on society?
6. What are the basic components sociology theoretical perspectives
Read and review with the teacher the questions listed below. Discuss in sociology?
any important conflicts. 7. What are the sociology typical research methods components
1. Find the exact number of comparisons required by the algorithm used by sociologists?
when one is even and the otherfollowing algorithm when one is 10. How are human subjects’ rights components protected by social
even and the other is odd. researchers today?

MATCHING TERMS
Match each of these key terms with the best definition or example from the numbered items that follow. Write the letter(s) preceding the key term in the
bland before the definition that you choose.

1. The scientific study of social structure. ___ a. alienation

2. In the context of a research project. ___ b. anomie
3. The relatively permanent components of our social environment. ___ c. control group
4. The term Marx used sociology to refer to a situation in which people are ___ d. dysfunctions
estranged from their social world and feel sociology components that life ___ e. experiment
is meaningless. ___ f. experimental group
6. The term Durkheim used to refer to a social condition in which societal ___ g. functions
norms are conflicting or entirely absent on shared. ___ h. latent functions
10. Our mental pictures of the relative importance of things. ___ i. life history
___ j. manifest functions