WORDS WITH EX usually sounds as /eggz/

EXample [eggzehm-puhl]
EXit [eggzit]
EXagerated [egg-ZAH-jehr-ey-tid]
EXciting [EggzAHy-ting]
Exact [eggzAkt]

1 or 2syllable ending in GE
BUT NO vowels before GE - /j/

badge
arrange
change

2 syllable words that ENDS in GE:

BUT there's a vowel before GE = ij

Example:
Luggage, baggage, stonage, linage,

CE CY CI - S

Celery
Cyan
City
Celebrate
Cycle
Circus

GE GY GI = pronounced as "j"

TY = tee

Is = iz

Of = ov

3 SOUNDS OF -ED:

1st sound:

-ed = /t/

f, k, p, s, x, ch, th, and sh, the suffix -ed has the sound of voiceless t, /t/.

Examples: huffed, kicked, mapped, dressed, mixed, matched, birthed, wished

2nd sound:

-ed = /d/

b, g, l, m, n, r, v, z, and th, the suffix -ed has the sound of voiced d, /d/

Examples: sobbed, hugged, pulled, filmed, fanned, starred, loved, buzzed, bathed

Third sound:
-ed = /id/
-ed cannot use the sound of t and d when it follows a word ending in t or d, so
when it does, the sound of -ed is /id/

Examples: tested, landed, trusted, tended, lifted, handed

-ical [ikl]
this itself causes little trouble,
but the problem is that once you
add the suffix ��-ical�� to a word,
the stress moves to the last syllable
before ��-ical��

Example:
economical [ee-ko-NOM-ikl]

technological
magical
logical
historical

-ily [ILEE]

broodily
complimentarily
derogatorily
grumpily
happily
involuntarily
ordinarily
unluckily

Divide right before the 'le.'

examples: tack-le, freck-le, tick-le, & buck-le

If there is a consonant before the 'le'

Divide 1 letter before the 'le.'
Examples: ap-ple, rum-ble, sim-ple,
If the letter before the 'le' is a vowel
Do nothing.
examples:

ale, scale, sale,

-ful is pronounced /fl/;

for example ��awful�� (aw-fl),
��skilful�� (skil-fl).

The suffix ��-ful�� is often mispronounced

by foreigners as ��full�� (rhyming with ��bull��)
and also often misspelled with a double ��l��

-able is pronounced /ebl/;

for example ��noticeable�� (noh-tis-e-bl),
��doable�� (doo-e-bl).

Learners of English often

mispronounce it as ��able�� (ey-bl).

micro- is pronounced (maay-kroh);

Example:

��microbiology�� (maay-kroh-baay-oll-?-dzhee)
��microgram�� (maay-kroh-gr��m)

-land is pronounced as /l nd/ in all names of countries

Example:
Finland, England, dreamland, wonderland

pre- as a prefix is not stressed and is pronounced

(pri) or /pri��/ (pree);

Example:
"pretend" (pri-tend)
"presuppose" (pree-s-poh��z)
in-, im-, un- are pronounced /in/, /im/, /ahn/
and are not stressed. The important thing to remember
is that they don��t influence the stress position
in the word they modify;

Example:
��incorrect�� (in-kho-rekt),
��impossible�� (im-pos-ibl),
��unnecessary�� (ahn-nes-ee-sah-ree).

-ISH

abolish
anguish
boyish
nourish
yellowish

RULE:

When a vowel is followed by an "r"

in the same syllable, that
vowel is "r-controlled".
It is not long nor short.
"R-controlled "er,ir,and ur"
often sound the same (like "er").

Examples: "term, sir, fir,

fur, far, for, su/gar, or/der".

CE CI CY
LK, LF - silent L
chalk, calf, walk, talk, half

DELETE 'h' - washing her (er)

Cyrus is my new staff.

He doesn't talk much.
He always clean his desk after work.
He is a very neat person.
One time, I asked him to go to the Central bank
located in Seoul city.
I lend him my car and I saw him washing it afterwards.

"TH" Sound practice

The thirty-three thieves thought

that they thrilled the throne throughout Thursday.

Going to - gonna
want to - wanna

I'm going to study - I'm gonna study

We want to go swimming - We wanna go swimming

THE - thuh/thee

thee - if it is followed by a vowel

Ex. the apples, the unfinished building, the entrance

thuh - if it is followed by a consonant

Ex. the company, the documents,

RULES:

"Y" is pronounced either as [ai] or [i:].

In a one-syllable word, "y" is pronounced as [ai].

Example:
my by fly

In a two-syllable word, "y" is pronounced as [i:].

Example:

funny pony, party

**
When a syllable ends in a silent "e", the silent "e" is a signal that the vowel in
front of it is long.
Examples: "make, gene, kite, rope,
In a few words, the ��l�� is silent, especially when followed by ��k�� and ��f��,

Example:

talk, walk, half, calf, etc

ISH sound:

There was a fisherman named Fisher

who fished for some fish in a fissure.
Till a fish with a grin,
pulled the fisherman in.
Now they're fishing the fissure for Fisher.

In pronouncing 'and', just omit a and d and mention the letter "n"

Example:
Mr. and Mrs. Smith (Mr. N Mrs. Smith)

Split up words that have two middle consonants.

The only exceptions are the consonant digraphs.

Never split up consonant digraphs as they really represent only one sound.
The exceptions are "th", "sh", "ph", "th", "ch", and "wh".

For example:

hap/pen, bas/ket, let/ter, sup/per, din/ner, and Den/nis

-ous [uhs] words:

fabulous [fab-yuh-luhs]
generous [jen-er-uhs]
miraculous [mi-rak-yuh-luhs]
tremendous [trih-men-duhs]
prosperous [pros-per-uhs]
IS SOUND

Denise sees the fleece,

Denise sees the fleas.
At least Denise could sneeze
and feed and freeze the fleas.

RY SOUND

How many berries could a bare berry carry,

if a bare berry could carry berries?
Well they can't carry berries
(which could make you very wary)
but a bare berry carried is more scary!

Zy = zee

Example:

crazy
lazy
fuzzy
oozy

2 syllable word ending in -QUE [eek] words:

boutique [boo-teek]

unique [yoo-neek]
physique [fi-zeek]
antique [an-teek]
mystique [mis-teek]
oblique [uh-leek]

Stress on the suffix -ee, -eer:

Example:
agrEE
sightsEER
auctioneer
jamboree
guarantee
pioneer
musketeer

Separate prefixes and suffixes from root words.

examples:
pre-view, work-ing, re-do, end-less, & out-ing
Delete H in his/her when used in the middle of a sentence.

Example:

She's fixing her (er) car

He's painting his (is) apartment

Reduced WHAT ARE and WHERE ARE

What are you doing? (what're)

Where are you and Judy? (Where'r)

when a syllable has 2 vowels together,

the first vowel is usually long and the second is silent.

Examples: "pain, eat, boat, rescue,

NOTE: Diphthongs don't follow this rule;

In a diphthong, the vowels blend together to create a single new sound.
The diphthongs are: "oi,oy,ou,ow,au,aw, oo" and many others.

Ex. boots, clause, serious,

Omiting Can
I can speak English (I type)
She can teach (she teach)
He can sing (He sing)
I can read codes (I read codes)

BLENDING WITH DOES

Where does he work (wer_does_e_work)

Where does she live (wer_does_she live)

Rising Intonation to Check Understanding

Two bedrooms?
Two cars?

Stressed and Unstressed words

Example:
plAying guitAr sleEping bAking

Each word begins with /s/.

secretary
sandwich
subway
Sunday
Saturday

Each word begins with /w/.

well-built
waitress
watch
worker
wallet

Each word begins with /f/.

first
four
funny
five
fifteen

There are two different endings,

-y and -een.

thirty
forty
thirteen
fourteen
fifty
sixty
fifteen
sixteen

Each word contains the sound

/th/.

brother
father
mother
their
they

Each word contains the sound /ee/.

green
jeans
cheese
tea
these

Each word contains the sound

/ay/.
table
plate
train
name
day

Each word ends in the sound

/air/.

fair
hair
there
chair
where

Each word begins with /b/.

bank
book
bus
beard
bag

Each word begins with /sh/.

shopping
short
shelf
shoes
shirt

Each word begins with /bl/, /pl/,

/gl/, or /cl/.
classes
blue
plate
glasses
play

cr[k]

crab
crook
crocodile
crown
cranium
cramps
crematory
crisps
crystalized

IM IN UN

Words that take im as a negative prefix always begin with the letter m or p

moral - immoral
perfect - imperfect
possible - impossible
movable - immovable

Words that take in as a negative prefix can begin with a vowel (except i or u) or a
consonant.

accurate - inaccurate
organic - inorganic
decent - indecent
sane - insane

Words that take un and dis as a negative prefix may begin with a vowel or
consonant.
able - unable
usual - unusual
helpful - unhelpful
prepared - unprepared
comfort - discomfort
agree - disagree

Words that take ir as a negative prefix always begin with the letter r.

rational - irrational
reconcilable - irreconcilable
regular - irregular

Words that take il as a negative prefix always begin with the letter l.

legal - illegal
logical - illogical
literate - illiterate