2019/3/24

Quick Overview on Seismic Ray Tracing

• Shooting and Bending Method
• Eikonal Equation and derivatives:
Ray Tracing Over Fault Plane 𝑃 𝛻𝑇

𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑧
How-Wei Chen 𝜕𝑡𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑡𝑥 𝜕𝑡𝑧 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑡𝑧
Inst. of Geophysics,
National Central University
2019

Your Programming Issue For More Details …

• The executable ‘RayTracingOnFault” prompt you with Question for ONE ray:
(1) initial location of (x-, z-) in Cartesian Coord. System.
(2) a file with filename: ‘velocity.dat’, the content of the file has the format with !============= input
3 column : Vr, dv/dx, dv/dz. Pay attention to the sequence of your input
data is consistent with your model setup
(3) input your ‘shooting angle’ in degree
(4) input your ‘step length’
(5) input your ‘total number of steps needed’
in your computation in order to cover all fault area
 One thing I do need to remind you is about the computation on ray path and
its associated travel time:
 The code provide only the ray path trajectories
informations
 So, how to compute travel-time info. from the ray path solution?
 This is the part about “how to perform integration along the ray path?”
write(*,*) ' enter the initial position '
read(*,*) qx0,qz0  Start with time = 0, increment by a step length, go for the solution
write(*,*) ' shooting angle ' associate with ray path locations at each particular time
read(*,*) theta  Loop over time, find ray path location, fine associate time
theta=3.14159/180.*theta
information, … This way, by loop over time follows by space … get all
write(*,*) ' enter the stepping length in meter ' the related info. you need. ----- This is Ray Tracing
read(*,*) dxi

• If some “Error Messages” occurred, it may means that you may need to adjust
your “step size” and total number of steps involved in the computations. Please 1. Chen*, H. W., 1998, Three‐dimensional geometertrical ray theory and
make sure that ALL RAYS are computed by “loop over different ‘shooting angles’ modelling of transmitted seismic energy of data from the Nevada Test Site,
with the incremental angle defined by your driver. Geophys. J. Int., 133, 363‐378.

• Your driver should have a loop and repeatedly call the executable. 2. Kao, J. C. and H. W. Chen*, 1996, Massively parallel computing of shortest
raypath and traveltime in 2D and 3D models, Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci., 7,
No. 3, 299‐315.
• Output file: the contents of ‘fort.7’ are the ray positions along the ray path write(7,*) qx1,-qz1
3. Zeng, X., G.A. McMechan*, J. Cai, and H. W. Chen, 1995, Comparison of
ray and fourier methods for modeling monostatic ground‐penetrating
radar profiles, Geophysics, 60, 1727‐1734.
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Code Description
• !============= input informations
• write(*,*) ' enter the initial position '
• read(*,*) qx0,qz0