14-20

14-69E Air enters a heating section at a specified pressure, temperature, velocity, and relative humidity.
The exit temperature of air, the exit relative humidity, and the exit velocity are to be determined.
Assumptions 1 This is a steady-flow process and thus the mass flow rate of dry air remains constant during
the entire process (m& a1 = m& a 2 = m& a ) . 2 Dry air and water vapor are ideal gases. 3 The kinetic and potential
energy changes are negligible.
Analysis (a) The amount of moisture in the air remains constant (ω 1 = ω 2) as it flows through the heating
section since the process involves no humidification or dehumidification. The inlet state of the air is
completely specified, and the total pressure is 1 atm. The properties of the air at the inlet state are
determined from the psychrometric chart (Figure A-31E) to be
h1 = 15.3 Btu/lbm dry air
ω1 = 0.0030 lbm H 2O/lbm dry air (= ω2 )
50°F 1 atm
v 1 = 12.9 ft 3 / lbm dry air 1 40% RH D = 15 in 2
The mass flow rate of dry air through the heating section is 25 ft/s

1 4 kW
m& a = V1 A1
v1
1
= 3
(25 ft/s)(π × (15/12) 2 /4 ft 2 ) = 2.38 lbm/s
(12.9 ft / lbm)
From the energy balance on air in the heating section,
Q& = m& (h − h )
in a 2 1

⎛ 0.9478 Btu/s ⎞
4 kW⎜ ⎟ = (2.38 lbm/s)(h2 − 15.3)Btu/lbm
⎝ 1 kW ⎠
h2 = 16.9 Btu/lbm dry air
The exit state of the air is fixed now since we know both h2 and ω2. From the psychrometric chart at this
state we read
T2 = 56.6°F
(b) φ 2 = 31.4%
v 2 = 13.1 ft 3 / lbm dry air
(c) The exit velocity is determined from the conservation of mass of dry air,
V&1 V&2 V A V A
m& a1 = m& a 2 ⎯
⎯→ = ⎯
⎯→ 1 = 2
v1 v 2 v1 v2
Thus,
v2 13.1
V2 = V1 = (25 ft/s) = 25.4 ft/s
v1 12.9

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 14-21

14-70 Air enters a cooling section at a specified pressure, temperature, velocity, and relative humidity. The
exit temperature, the exit relative humidity of the air, and the exit velocity are to be determined.
Assumptions 1 This is a steady-flow process and thus the mass flow rate of dry air remains constant during
the entire process (m& a1 = m& a 2 = m& a ) . 2 Dry air and water vapor are ideal gases. 3 The kinetic and potential
energy changes are negligible.
Analysis (a) The amount of moisture in the air remains constant (ω 1 = ω 2) as it flows through the cooling
section since the process involves no humidification or dehumidification. The inlet state of the air is
completely specified, and the total pressure is 1 atm. The properties of the air at the inlet state are
determined from the psychrometric chart (Figure A-31) to be
h1 = 55.0 kJ/kg dry air
1200 kJ/min
ω1 = 0.0089 kg H 2 O/kg dry air (= ω 2 )
v 1 = 0.877 m 3 / kg dry air
32°C
The mass flow rate of dry air through the cooling section is 1 30% 2
1 18 m/s 1 atm AIR
m& a = V1 A1
v1
1
= 3
(18 m/s)(π × 0.4 2 /4 m 2 ) = 2.58 kg/s
(0.877 m / kg)
From the energy balance on air in the cooling section,
− Q& = m & (h − h )
out a 2 1
−1200 / 60 kJ / s = (2.58 kg / s)( h2 − 55.0) kJ / kg
h2 = 47.2 kJ / kg dry air
The exit state of the air is fixed now since we know both h2 and ω2. From the psychrometric chart at this
state we read
T2 = 24.4°C
(b) φ 2 = 46.6%
v 2 = 0.856 m 3 / kg dry air
(c) The exit velocity is determined from the conservation of mass of dry air,
V& V& V A V A
m& a1 = m& a 2 ⎯
⎯→ 1 = 2 ⎯ ⎯→ 1 = 2
v1 v 2 v1 v2
v2 0.856
V2 = V1 = (18 m/s) = 17.6 m/s
v1 0.877

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 14-22

14-71 Air enters a cooling section at a specified pressure, temperature, velocity, and relative humidity. The
exit temperature, the exit relative humidity of the air, and the exit velocity are to be determined.
Assumptions 1 This is a steady-flow process and thus the mass flow rate of dry air remains constant during
the entire process (m& a1 = m& a 2 = m& a ) . 2 Dry air and water vapor are ideal gases. 3 The kinetic and potential
energy changes are negligible.
Analysis (a) The amount of moisture in the air remains constant (ω 1 = ω 2) as it flows through the cooling
section since the process involves no humidification or dehumidification. The inlet state of the air is
completely specified, and the total pressure is 1 atm. The properties of the air at the inlet state are
determined from the psychrometric chart (Figure A-31) to be
h1 = 55.0 kJ/kg dry air
800 kJ/min
ω1 = 0.0089 kg H 2 O/kg dry air (= ω 2 )
v 1 = 0.877 m 3 / kg dry air
32°C
The mass flow rate of dry air through the cooling section is 1 30% 2
1 18 m/s 1 atm AIR
m& a = V1 A1
v1
1
= 3
(18 m/s)(π × 0.4 2 /4 m 2 ) = 2.58 kg/s
(0.877 m / kg)
From the energy balance on air in the cooling section,
− Q& = m & (h − h )
out a 2 1
−800 / 60 kJ / s = (2.58 kg / s)( h2 − 55.0) kJ / kg
h2 = 49.8 kJ / kg dry air
The exit state of the air is fixed now since we know both h2 and ω2. From the psychrometric chart at this
state we read
T2 = 26.9°C
(b) φ 2 = 40.0%
v 2 = 0.862 m 3 / kg dry air
(c) The exit velocity is determined from the conservation of mass of dry air,
V& V& V A V A
m& a1 = m& a 2 ⎯
⎯→ 1 = 2 ⎯ ⎯→ 1 = 2
v1 v 2 v1 v2
v2 0.862
V2 = V1 = (18 m/s) = 17.7 m/s
v1 0.877

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 14-23

Heating with Humidification

14-72C To achieve a higher level of comfort. Very dry air can cause dry skin, respiratory difficulties, and
increased static electricity.

14-73 Air is first heated and then humidified by water vapor. The amount of steam added to the air and the
amount of heat transfer to the air are to be determined.
Assumptions 1 This is a steady-flow process and thus the mass flow rate of dry air remains constant during
the entire process (m& a1 = m& a 2 = m& a ) . 2 Dry air and water vapor are ideal gases. 3 The kinetic and potential
energy changes are negligible.
Properties The inlet and the exit states of the air are completely specified, and the total pressure is 1 atm.
The properties of the air at various states are determined from the psychrometric chart (Figure A-31) to be
h1 = 311. kJ / kg dry air
ω 1 = 0.0064 kg H 2 O / kg dry air ( = ω 2 )
Heating
h2 = 36.2 kJ / kg dry air coils
h3 = 581. kJ / kg dry air
ω 3 = 0.0129 kg H 2 O / kg dry air T1 = 15°C
1 atm
T3 = 25°C
Analysis (a) The amount of moisture in the air φ 1 = 60% AIR
T2 = 20°C φ 3 = 65%
remains constant it flows through the heating
section (ω 1 = ω 2), but increases in the 1 2 3
humidifying section (ω 3 > ω 2). The amount of
steam added to the air in the heating section is
∆ω = ω 3 − ω 2 = 0.0129 − 0.0064 = 0.0065 kg H 2 O / kg dry air
(b) The heat transfer to the air in the heating section per unit mass of air is
qin = h2 − h1 = 36.2 − 311 . = 5.1 kJ / kg dry air

14-74E Air is first heated and then humidified by water vapor. The amount of steam added to the air and
the amount of heat transfer to the air are to be determined.
Assumptions 1 This is a steady-flow process and thus the mass flow rate of dry air remains constant during
the entire process (m& a1 = m& a 2 = m& a ) . 2 Dry air and water vapor are ideal gases. 3 The kinetic and potential
energy changes are negligible.
Properties The inlet and the exit states of the air are completely specified, and the total pressure is 1 atm.
The properties of the air at various states are determined from the psychrometric chart (Figure A-31E) to be
h1 = 17.0 Btu/lbm dry air Heating
ω1 = 0.0046 lbm H 2 O/lbm dry air coils
h2 = 22.3 Btu/lbm dry air
14.7 psia T3 = 75°F
T1 = 50°F
ω 2 = ω1 = 0.0046 lbm H 2 O/lbm dry air
φ 1 = 60% AIR
T2 = 72°F φ 3 = 55%
h3 = 29.2 Btu/lbm dry air
ω 3 = 0.0102 lbm H 2 O/lbm dry air 1 2 3
Analysis (a) The amount of moisture in the air remains constant it flows through the heating section (ω1 =
ω2), but increases in the humidifying section (ω 3 > ω 2). The amount of steam added to the air in the
heating section is
∆ω = ω 3 − ω 2 = 0.0102 − 0.0046 = 0.0056 lbm H 2 O/lbm dry air
(b) The heat transfer to the air in the heating section per unit mass of air is
q in = h2 − h1 = 22.3 − 17.0 = 5.3 Btu/lbm dry air

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 14-24

14-75 Air is first heated and then humidified by wet steam. The temperature and relative humidity of air at
the exit of heating section, the rate of heat transfer, and the rate at which water is added to the air are to be
determined.
Assumptions 1 This is a steady-flow process and thus the mass flow rate of dry air remains constant during
the entire process (m& a1 = m& a 2 = m& a ) . 2 Dry air and water vapor are ideal gases. 3 The kinetic and potential
energy changes are negligible.
Properties The inlet and the exit states of the air are completely specified, and the total pressure is 1 atm.
The properties of the air at various states are determined from the psychrometric chart (Figure A-31) to be
h1 = 23.5 kJ/kg dry air
ω1 = 0.0053 kg H 2 O/kg dry air (= ω 2 )
v 1 = 0.809 m 3 /kg dry air Sat. vapor
Heating 100°C
h3 = 42.3 kJ/kg dry air coils Humidifie
ω 3 = 0.0087 kg H 2 O/kg dry air
10°C AIR 20°C
Analysis (a) The amount of moisture in the air 70%
1 atm 60%
remains constant it flows through the heating 35 m3/min
section (ω 1 = ω 2), but increases in the 1 2 3
humidifying section (ω 3 > ω 2). The mass flow
rate of dry air is
V&1 35 m3 / min
m& a = = = 43.3 kg/min
v1 0.809 m3 / kg
Noting that Q = W =0, the energy balance on the humidifying section can be expressed as
E& in − E& out = ∆E& systemÊ0 (steady) = 0
E& in = E& out
∑ m& i hi = ∑ m& e he ⎯
⎯→ m& w hw + m& a 2 h2 = m& a h3
(ω 3 − ω 2 )hw + h2 = h3
Solving for h2,
h2 = h3 − (ω 3 − ω 2 )h g @ 100°C = 42.3 − (0.0087 − 0.0053)(2675.6) = 33.2 kJ/kg dry air

Thus at the exit of the heating section we have ω2 = 0.0053 kg H2O dry air and h2 = 33.2 kJ/kg dry air,
which completely fixes the state. Then from the psychrometric chart we read
T2 = 19.5°C
φ 2 = 37.8%
(b) The rate of heat transfer to the air in the heating section is
Q& in = m& a (h2 − h1 ) = (43.3 kg/min)(33.2 − 23.5) kJ/kg = 420 kJ/min
(c) The amount of water added to the air in the humidifying section is determined from the conservation of
mass equation of water in the humidifying section,
m& w = m& a (ω 3 − ω 2 ) = (43.3 kg/min)(0.0087 − 0.0053) = 0.15 kg/min

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 14-25

14-76 Air is first heated and then humidified by wet steam. The temperature and relative humidity of air at
the exit of heating section, the rate of heat transfer, and the rate at which water is added to the air are to be
determined.
Assumptions 1 This is a steady-flow process and thus the mass flow rate of dry air remains constant during
the entire process (m& a1 = m& a 2 = m& a ) . 2 Dry air and water vapor are ideal gases. 3 The kinetic and potential
energy changes are negligible. Sat. vapor
Analysis (a) The amount of moisture in the air also 100°C
Heating
remains constant it flows through the heating section (ω 1 coils Humidifier
= ω 2), but increases in the humidifying section (ω 3 > ω 2).
The inlet and the exit states of the air are completely 10°C AIR 20°C
specified, and the total pressure is 95 kPa. The properties 70% 60%
3 95 kPa
35 m /min
of the air at various states are determined to be
Pv1 = φ1 Pg1 = φ1 Psat @ 10°C = (0.70)(1.2281 kPa) = 0.860 kPa (= Pv 2 ) 1 2 3

Pa1 = P1 − Pv1 = 95 − 0.860 = 94.14 kPa

R a T1 (0.287 kPa ⋅ m 3 / kg ⋅ K)(283 K)

v1 = = = 0.863 m 3 / kg dry air
Pa1 94.14 kPa

0.622 Pv1 0.622(0.86 kPa)

ω1 = = = 0.00568 kg H 2 O/kg dry air (= ω 2 )
P1 − Pv1 (95 − 0.86) kPa

h1 = c p T1 + ω1 h g1 = (1.005 kJ/kg ⋅ °C)(10°C) + (0.00568)(2519.2 kJ/kg) = 24.36 kJ/kg dry air

Pv 3 = φ3 Pg 3 = φ3 Psat @ 20°C = (0.60)(2.3392 kPa) = 1.40 kPa

0.622 Pv3 0.622(1.40 kPa)

ω3 = = = 0.00930 kg H 2O/kg dry air
P3 − Pv 3 (95 − 1.40) kPa

h3 = c pT3 + ω3hg 3 = (1.005 kJ/kg ⋅ °C)(20°C) + (0.0093)(2537.4 kJ/kg) = 43.70 kJ/kg dry air
V&1 35 m 3 / min
Also, m& a = = = 40.6 kg/min
v 1 0.863 m 3 / kg
Noting that Q = W = 0, the energy balance on the humidifying section gives
E& in − E& out = ∆E& system Ê0 (steady) = 0 ⎯
⎯→ E& in = E& out
∑ m& e he = ∑ m& i hi ⎯ ⎯→(ω 3 − ω 2 )h w + h2 = h3
⎯→ m& w hw + m& a 2 h2 = m& a h3 ⎯
h2 = h3 − (ω 3 − ω 2 )h g @ 100°C = 43.7 − (0.0093 − 0.00568) × 2675.6 = 34.0 kJ/kg dry air
Thus at the exit of the heating section we have ω = 0.00568 kg H2O dry air and h2 = 34.0 kJ/kg dry air,
which completely fixes the state. The temperature of air at the exit of the heating section is determined
from the definition of enthalpy,
h2 = c p T2 + ω 2 h g 2 ≅ c p T2 + ω 2 (2500.9 + 1.82T2 )
34.0 = (1.005)T2 + (0.00568)(2500.9 + 1.82T2 )
Solving for h2, yields T2 = 19.5° C
The relative humidity at this state is
P Pv 2 0.859 kPa
φ2 = v 2 = = = 0.377 or 37.7%
Pg 2 Psat @ 19.5°C 2.2759 kPa
(b) The rate of heat transfer to the air in the heating section becomes
Q& in = m& a (h2 − h1 ) = (40.6 kg/min)(34.0 − 24.36) kJ/kg = 391 kJ/min
(c) The amount of water added to the air in the humidifying section is determined from the conservation of
mass equation of water in the humidifying section,
m&w = m & a (ω 3 − ω 2 ) = ( 40.6 kg / min)( 0.0093 − 0.00568) = 0.147 kg / min

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 14-26

Cooling with Dehumidification

14-77C To drop its relative humidity to more desirable levels.

14-78 Air is cooled and dehumidified by a window air conditioner. The rates of heat and moisture removal
from the air are to be determined.
Assumptions 1 This is a steady-flow process and thus the mass flow rate of dry air remains constant during
the entire process (m& a1 = m& a 2 = m& a ) . 2 Dry air and water vapor are ideal gases. 3 The kinetic and potential
energy changes are negligible.
Properties The inlet and the exit states of the air are completely specified, and the total pressure is 1 atm.
The properties of the air at various states are determined from the psychrometric chart (Figure A-31) to be
h1 = 86.3 kJ/kg dry air
ω1 = 0.0211 kg H 2 O/kg dry air
Cooling coils
v 1 = 0.894 m 3 /kg dry air
T1 = 32°C
and T2 = 15°C
φ 1 = 70%
φ 2 = 100% 1 atm
h2 = 42.0 kJ/kg dry air Condensate V1 = 2 m3/min
ω 2 = 0.0107 kg H 2 O/kg dry air 2 1

Also, Condensate
15°C
hw ≅ h f @ 15°C = 62.982 kJ/kg (Table A-4) removal

Analysis (a) The amount of moisture in the air decreases due to dehumidification (ω 2 < ω 1). The mass
flow rate of air is
V&1 2 m 3 / min
m& a1 = = = 2.238 kg/min
v 1 0.894 m 3 / kg dry air
Applying the water mass balance and energy balance equations to the combined cooling and
dehumidification section,
Water Mass Balance:
⎯→ m& a1ω 1 = m& a 2ω 2 + m& w
∑ m& w,i = ∑ m& w ,e ⎯
m& w = m& a (ω 1 − ω 2 ) = (2.238 kg/min)(0.0211 − 0.0107) = 0.0233 kg/min
Energy Balance:
E& in − E& out = ∆E& system ©0 (steady) = 0
E& in = E& out
∑ m& i hi = Q& out + ∑ m& e he
Q& out = m& a1 h1 − (m& a 2 h2 + m& w h w ) = m& a (h1 − h2 ) − m& w h w

Q& out = (2.238 kg/min)(86.3 − 42.0)kJ/kg − (0.0233 kg/min)(62.982 kJ/kg)

= 97.7 kJ/min

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 14-27

14-79 Air is first cooled, then dehumidified, and finally heated. The temperature of air before it enters the
heating section, the amount of heat removed in the cooling section, and the amount of heat supplied in the
heating section are to be determined.
Assumptions 1 This is a steady-flow process and thus the mass flow rate of dry air remains constant during
the entire process (m& a1 = m& a 2 = m& a ) . 2 Dry air and water vapor are ideal gases. 3 The kinetic and potential
energy changes are negligible.
Analysis (a) The amount of moisture in the air decreases due to dehumidification (ω 3 < ω 1), and remains
constant during heating (ω 3 = ω 2). The inlet and the exit states of the air are completely specified, and the
total pressure is 1 atm. The intermediate state (state 2) is also known since φ2 = 100% and ω 2 = ω 3.
Therefore, we can determined the properties of the air at all three states from the psychrometric chart (Fig.
A-31) to be
h1 = 95.2 kJ / kg dry air Cooling Heating
ω 1 = 0.0238 kg H 2 O / kg dry air section section

and T1 = 34°C T3 = 22°C

T2
h3 = 431
. kJ / kg dry air φ 1 = 70% 1 atm φ 3 = 50%
AIR
ω 3 = 0.0082 kg H 2 O / kg dry air ( = ω 2 ) 1 2 3
Also,
w 10°C
hw ≅ h f @ 10°C = 42.02 kJ/kg (Table A - 4)
h2 = 31.8 kJ/kg dry air
T2 = 11.1°C
(b) The amount of heat removed in the cooling section is determined from the energy balance equation
applied to the cooling section,
E& in − E& out = ∆E& systemÊ0 (steady) = 0
E& in = E& out
∑ m& i hi = ∑ m& e he + Q& out,cooling
Q& out,cooling = m& a1h1 − (m& a 2 h2 + m& w hw ) = m& a (h1 − h2 ) − m& w hw
or, per unit mass of dry air,
q out,cooling = (h1 − h2 ) − (ω 1 − ω 2 )hw
= (95.2 − 31.8) − (0.0238 − 0.0082)42.02
= 62.7 kJ/kg dry air
(c) The amount of heat supplied in the heating section per unit mass of dry air is
qin,heating = h3 − h2 = 431
. − 31.8 = 11.3 kJ / kg dry air

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 14-28

14-80 [Also solved by EES on enclosed CD] Air is cooled by passing it over a cooling coil through which
chilled water flows. The rate of heat transfer, the mass flow rate of water, and the exit velocity of airstream
are to be determined.
Assumptions 1 This is a steady-flow process and thus the mass flow rate of dry air remains constant during
the entire process. 2 Dry air and water vapor are ideal gases. 3 The kinetic and potential energy changes are
negligible.
Analysis (a) The saturation pressure of water at 35ºC is 5. 6291 kPa (Table A-4). Then the dew point
temperature of the incoming air stream at 35°C becomes
Tdp = Tsat @ Pv = Tsat @ 0.6×5.6291 kPa = 26°C (Table A-5)
since air is cooled to 20°C, which is below its dew point temperature, some of the moisture in the air will
condense. The amount of moisture in the air decreases due to dehumidification (ω 2 < ω 1 ) . The inlet and
the exit states of the air are completely specified, and the total pressure is 1 atm. Then the properties of the
air at both states are determined from the psychrometric chart (Fig. A-31) to be
h1 = 90.3 kJ/kg dry air
ω1 = 0.0215 kg H 2 O/kg dry air
Water
v 1 = 0.904 m 3 /kg dry air T + 8°C
and
Cooling coils
h2 = 57.5 kJ/kg dry air
ω 2 = 0.0147 kg H 2 O/kg dry air 35°C
v 2 = 0.851 m 3 /kg dry air 1 60% 20°C 2
120 m/min AIR Saturated
Also, hw ≅ h f @ 20°C = 83.93 kJ/kg (Table A-4)
Then,
π D2 ⎛ π (0.3 m) 2 ⎞
V&1 = V1 A1 = V1 = (120 m/min)⎜ ⎟ = 8.48 m 3 / min
4 ⎜ 4 ⎟
⎝ ⎠
V&1 8.48 m 3 / min
m& a1 = = = 9.38 kg/min
v 1 0.904 m 3 / kg dry air
Applying the water mass balance and the energy balance equations to the combined cooling and
dehumidification section (excluding the water),
Water Mass Balance: ∑ m& w,i = ∑ m& w ,e ⎯→ m& a1ω 1 = m& a 2ω 2 + m& w
⎯
m& w = m& a ( ω1 − ω2 ) = ( 9.38 kg/min)(0.0215 − 0.0147 ) = 0.064 kg/min
Energy Balance:
E& in − E& out = ∆E& systemÊ0 (steady) = 0 ⎯
⎯→ E& in = E& out
∑ m& i hi = ∑ m& e he + Q& out ⎯
⎯→ Qout = m& a1h1 − (m& a 2 h2 + m& w hw ) = m& a (h1 − h2 ) − m& w hw
Q& out = (9.38 kg/min)(90.3 − 57.5)kJ/kg − (0.064 kg/min)(83.93 kJ/kg) = 302.3 kJ/min
(b) Noting that the heat lost by the air is gained by the cooling water, the mass flow rate of the cooling
water is determined from
Q& cooling water = m& cooling water ∆h = m& cooling water c p ∆T
Q& w 302.3 kJ/min
m& cooling water = = = 9.04 kg/min
c p ∆T (4.18 kJ/kg ⋅ °C)(8°C)
(c) The exit velocity is determined from the conservation of mass of dry air,
V& V& V A V A
m& a1 = m& a 2 ⎯
⎯→ 1 = 2 ⎯ ⎯→ 1 = 2
v1 v2 v1 v2
v2 0.851
V2 = V1 = (120 m/min) = 113 m/min
v1 0.904

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 14-29

14-81 EES Problem 14-80 is reconsidered. A general solution of the problem in which the input variables
may be supplied and parametric studies performed is to be developed and the process is to be shown in the
psychrometric chart for each set of input variables.
Analysis The problem is solved using EES, and the solution is given below.

"Input Data from the Diagram Window"

{D=0.3
P[1] =101.32 [kPa]
T[1] = 35 [C]
RH[1] = 60/100 "%, relative humidity"
Vel[1] = 120/60 "[m/s]"
DELTAT_cw =8 [C]
P[2] = 101.32 [kPa]
T[2] = 20 [C]} 0.050
RH[2] = 100/100 "%" Pressure = 101.0 [kPa]
0.045
"Dry air flow rate, m_dot_a, is constant" 0.040
Vol_dot[1]= (pi * D^2)/4*Vel[1]
v[1]=VOLUME(AirH2O,T=T[1],P=P[1],R=RH[1]) 0.035 0.8
m_dot_a = Vol_dot[1]/v[1]
oi 0.030 30 C
t
"Exit vleocity" a 0.025 0.6
R
Vol_dot[2]= (pi * D^2)/4*Vel[2] y
t 0.020
v[2]=VOLUME(AirH2O,T=T[2],P=P[2],R=RH[2])dii
m_dot_a = Vol_dot[2]/v[2] m 0.015
20 C 0.4

u
H 0.010
"Mass flow rate of the condensed water" 10 C 0.2

m_dot_v[1]=m_dot_v[2]+m_dot_w 0.005 0C
w[1]=HUMRAT(AirH2O,T=T[1],P=P[1],R=RH[1])
m_dot_v[1] = m_dot_a*w[1] 0.000
w[2]=HUMRAT(AirH2O,T=T[2],P=P[2],R=RH[2]) -10 -5 -0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
m_dot_v[2] = m_dot_a*w[2] T [C]

"SSSF conservation of energy for the air"

m_dot_a *(h[1] + (1+w[1])*Vel[1]^2/2*Convert(m^2/s^2, kJ/kg)) + Q_dot = m_dot_a*(h[2]
+(1+w[2])*Vel[2]^2/2*Convert(m^2/s^2, kJ/kg)) +m_dot_w*h_liq_2
h[1]=ENTHALPY(AirH2O,T=T[1],P=P[1],w=w[1])
h[2]=ENTHALPY(AirH2O,T=T[2],P=P[2],w=w[2])
h_liq_2=ENTHALPY(Water,T=T[2],P=P[2])

"SSSF conservation of energy for the cooling water"

-Q_dot =m_dot_cw*Cp_cw*DELTAT_cw "Note: Q_netwater=-Q_netair"
Cp_cw = SpecHeat(water,T=10,P=P[2])"kJ/kg-K"

RH1 ma mw mcw Q [kW] Vel1 Vel2 T1 T2 w1 w2

[m/s] [m/s] [C] [C]
0.5 0.1574 0.0004834 0.1085 -3.632 2 1.894 35 20 0.01777 0.0147
0.6 0.1565 0.001056 0.1505 -5.039 2 1.883 35 20 0.02144 0.0147
0.7 0.1556 0.001629 0.1926 -6.445 2 1.872 35 20 0.02516 0.0147
0.8 0.1547 0.002201 0.2346 -7.852 2 1.861 35 20 0.02892 0.0147
0.9 0.1538 0.002774 0.2766 -9.258 2 1.85 35 20 0.03273 0.0147

PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Limited distribution permitted only to teachers and
educators for course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission.
 14-30

14-82 Air is cooled by passing it over a cooling coil. The rate of heat transfer, the mass flow rate of water,
and the exit velocity of airstream are to be determined.
Assumptions 1 This is a steady-flow process and thus the mass flow rate of dry air remains constant during
the entire process. 2 Dry air and water vapor are ideal gases. 3 The kinetic and potential energy changes are
negligible.
Analysis (a) The dew point temperature of the
Water T + 8°C
incoming air stream at 35°C is
Pv1 = φ1 Pg1 = φ1 Psat @ 35°C = (0.6)(5.6291 kPa) = 3.38 kPa Cooling coils
Tdp = Tsat @ Pv = Tsat @ 3.38 kPa = 25.9°C
Since air is cooled to 20°C, which is below its dew 35°C
1 60% 20°C 2
point temperature, some of the moisture in the air will Saturated
120 m/min AIR
condense.

The amount of moisture in the air decreases due to dehumidification (ω 2 < ω 1 ) . The inlet and the
exit states of the air are completely specified, and the total pressure is 95 kPa. Then the properties of the air
at both states are determined to be
Pa1 = P1 − Pv1 = 95 − 3.38 = 91.62 kPa
Ra T1 (0.287 kPa ⋅ m 3 / kg ⋅ K)(308 K)
v1 = = = 0.965 m 3 / kg dry air
Pa1 91.62 kPa
0.622 Pv1 0.622(3.38 kPa)
ω1 = = = 0.0229 kg H 2 O/kg dry air
P1 − Pv1 (95 − 3.38) kPa
h1 = c p T1 + ω1hg1 = (1.005 kJ/kg ⋅ °C)(35°C) + (0.0229)(2564.6 kJ/kg)
= 93.90 kJ/kg dry air
and
Pv 2 = φ 2 Pg 2 = (1.00) Psat @ 20°C = 2.3392 kPa

Ra T2 (0.287 kPa ⋅ m 3 / kg ⋅ K)(293 K)

v2 = = = 0.908 m 3 / kg dry air
Pa 2 (95 − 2.339) kPa
0.622 Pv 2 0.622(2.339 kPa)
ω2 = = = 0.0157 kg H 2 O/kg dry air
P2 − Pv 2 (95 − 2.339) kPa
h2 = c p T2 + ω 2 hg 2 = (1.005 kJ/kg ⋅ °C)(20°C) + (0.0157)(2537.4 kJ/kg)
= 59.95 kJ/kg dry air
Also,
hw ≅ h f @ 20°C = 83.915 kJ/kg (Table A-4)

Then,
π D2 ⎛ π (0.3 m) 2 ⎞
V&1 = V1 A1 = V1 = (120 m/min)⎜ ⎟ = 8.48 m 3 / min
4 ⎜ 4 ⎟
⎝ ⎠
V&1 8.48 m 3 / min
m& a1 = = = 8.79 kg/min
v 1 0.965 m 3 / kg dry air
Applying the water mass balance and energy balance equations to the combined cooling and
dehumidification section (excluding the water),

PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Limited distribution permitted only to teachers and
educators for course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission.
 14-31

Water Mass Balance:

∑ m& w,i = ∑ m& w ,e ⎯
⎯→ m& a1ω 1 = m& a 2ω 2 + m& w
m& w = m& a (ω 1 − ω 2 ) = (8.79 kg / min)(0.0229 − 0.0157) = 0.0633 kg / min
Energy Balance:
E& in − E& out = ∆E& systemÊ0 (steady) = 0
E& in = E& out
∑ m& i hi = ∑ m& e he + Q& out → Q& out = m& a1h1 − (m& a 2 h2 + m& w hw ) = m& a (h1 − h2 ) − m& w hw

Q& out = (8.79 kg/min)(93.90 − 59.94)kJ/kg − (0.0633 kg/min)(83.915 kJ/kg) = 293.2 kJ/min
(b) Noting that the heat lost by the air is gained by the cooling water, the mass flow rate of the cooling
water is determined from
Q& = m&
cooling water ∆h = m&
cooling water c ∆T
cooling water p

Q& w 293.2 kJ/min

m& cooling water = = = 8.77 kg/min
c p ∆T (4.18 kJ/kg ⋅ °C)(8°C)
(c) The exit velocity is determined from the conservation of mass of dry air,
V& V& V A V A
m& a1 = m& a 2 ⎯
⎯→ 1 = 2 ⎯ ⎯→ 1 = 2
v1 v2 v1 v2
v2 0.908
V2 = V1 = (120 m/min) = 113 m/min
v1 0.965

PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Limited distribution permitted only to teachers and
educators for course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission.