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RATIO AND PROPORTION
Important Facts:
1.Ratio : The ratio of two qualities a and b in the
same units, is the fraction a/b and we write it as a:b.
In the ratio, a:b, we call â€ã’ as the first term of
antecedent and b, the second term consequent.
Ex: The ratio 5:9 represents 5/9 with antecedent=5
,consequent=9

3Rule: The multiplication or division of each term of 9

ratio by the same non-zero number does not affect the
ratio.

4.Proportion: The equality of two ratios is called

proportion. If a:b=c:d, we write a:b::c:d and we say
that a,b,c and d are in proportion. Here a and b are
called extremes, while b and c are called mean terms.
Product of means=product of extremes
Thus, a:b::c:d => (b*c)=(a*d)

5.Fourth proportional: If a:b::c:d, then d is called

the fourth proportional to a,b and c.

6.Third proportional: If a:b::b:c, then c is called

third proportional to a and b.

7.Mean proportional: Mean proportional between a and b

is SQRT(a*b).

COMPARISION OF RATIOS:
We say that (a:b)>(c:d) => (a/b)>(c/d)

8.Compounded ratio: The compounded ratio of the ratios

(a:b), (c:d),(e:f) is (ace:bdf).

9.Duplicate Ratio: If (a:b) is (a2: b2 )

10.Sub-duplicate ratio of (a:b) is (SQRT(a):SQRT(b))

11.Triplicate ratio of (a:b) is (a3: b3 )

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12.Sub-triplicate ratio of (a:b) is (a1/3: b1/3 ).

13.If a/b=c/d, then (a+b)/(a-b)=(c+d)/(c-d) (componend

o and dividend o)

VARIATION:
14.we say that x is directly proportional to y, if x=ky
for some constant k and we write.

15.We say that x is inversely proportional to y, if

xy=k for some constant and we write.

16. X is inversely
proportional to y.
If a/b=c/d=e/f=g/h=k then
k=(a+c+e+g)/(b+d+f+h)
If a1/b1,a2/b2,
a3/b3..............an/bn are unequal
fractions then the ratio.

SIMPLE PROBLEMS
1.If a:b =5:9 and b:c=4:7 Find a:b:c?
Sol: a:b=5:9 and b:c=4:7=4*9/4:9*4/9=9:63/9
a:b:c=5:9:63/9=20:36:63

2.Find the fourth proportion to 4,9,12

Sol: d is the fourth proportion to a,b,c
a:b=c:d
4:9=12:x
4x=9*12=>x=27

3.Find third proportion to 16,36

Sol: if a:b=b:c then c is the third proportion to
a,b
16:36=36:x
16x=36*36
x=81

4.Find mean proportion between 0.08 and 0.18

Sol: mean proportion between a and b=square root of
ab

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mean proportion =square root of
0.08*0.18=0.12

5.If a:b=2:3 b:c=4:5, c:d=6:7 then a:b:c:d is

Sol: a:b=2:3 and b:c=4:5=4*3/4:5*3/4=3:15/4
c:d=6:7=6*15/24:7*15/24=15/4:35/8
a:b:c:d=2:3:15/4:35/8=16:24:30:35

6.2A=3B=4C then A:B:C?

Sol: let 2A=3B=4C=k then
A=k/2, B=k/3, C=k/4
A:B:C=k/2:k/3:k/4=6:4:3

7.15% of x=20% of y then x:y is

Sol: (15/100)*x=(20/100)*y
3x=4y
x:y=4:3

8.a/3=b/4=c/7 then (a+b+c)/c=

Sol: let a/3=b/4=c/7=k
(a+b+c)/c=(3k+4k+7k)/7k=2

9.Rs 3650 is divided among 4 engineers, 3 MBA’s and 5

CA’s such that 3 CA’s get as much as 2 MBA’s and
3 Eng’s as much as 2 CA’s .Find the share of an
MBA.
Sol: 4E+3M+5C=3650
3C=2M, that is M=1.5C
3E=2C that is E=.66 C
Then, (4*0.66C)+(3*1.5C)+5C=3650
C=3650/12.
166
C=300
M=1.5 and
C=450.

DIFFICULT PROBLEMS

1.Three containers A,B and C are having mixtures of

milk and water in the ratio of 1:5 and 3:5 and 5:7
respectively. If the capacities of the containers are
in the ratio of all the three containers are in the

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ratio 5:4:5, find the ratio of milk to water, if the
mixtures of all the three containers are mixed
together.
Sol: Assume that there are 500,400 and 500 liters
respectively in the 3 containers.
Then ,we have, 83.33, 150 and 208.33 liters of
milk in each of the three containers.
Thus, the total milk is 441.66 liters. Hence, the
amount of water in the mixture is 1400-
441.66=958.33liters.
Hence, the ratio of milk to water is 441.66:958.33
=> 53:115(using division by .3333)
The calculation thought process should be
(441*2+2):(958*3+1)=1325:2875
Dividing by 25 => 53:115.

2.A certain number of one rupee,fifty parse and twenty

five paise coins are in the ratio of 2:5:3:4, add up to
Rs 210. How many 50 paise coins were there?
Sol: the ratio of 2.5:3:4 can be written as 5:6:8
let us assume that there are 5 one rupee coins,6
fifty paise coins and 8 twenty-five paise coins in all.
their
value=(5*1)+(6*.50)+(8*.25)=5+3+2=Rs 10
If the total is Rs 10,number of 50 paise coins
are 6.
if the total is Rs 210, number of 50 paise
coins would be 210*6/10=126.

3.The incomes of A and B are in the ratio of 4:3 and

their expenditure are in the ratio of 2:1 . if each one
saves Rs 1000,what are their incomes?
Sol: Ratio of incomes of A and B=4:3
Ratio of expenditures of A and B=2:1
Amount of money saved by A=Amount of money
saved by B=Rs 1000
let the incomes of A and B be 4x and 3x
respectively
let the expense of A and B be 2y and
1yrespectively
Amount of money saved by A=(income-
expenditure)=4x-2y=Rs 1000
Amount of money saved by B=3x-y=Rs 1000
this can be even written as 6x-2y=Rs 2000
now solve 1 and 3 to get

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x=Rs 500
therefore income of A=4x=4*500=Rs 2000
income of B=3x=3*500=Rs 1500

4.A sum of Rs 1162 is divided among A,B and C. Such

that 4 times A's share share is equal to 5 times B's
share and 7 times C's share . What is the share of C?
Sol: 4 times of A's share =5 times of B's share=7
times of C's share=1
therefore , the ratio of their share
=1/4:1/5:1/7
LCM of 4,5,7=140
therefore, ¼:1/5:1/7=35:28:20
the ratio now can be written as
35:28:20
therefore C's
share=(20/83)*1162=20*14=Rs 280.

5.The ratio of the present ages of saritha and her

mother is 2:9, mother's age at the time of saritha's
birth was 28 years , what is saritha's present age?
Sol: ratio of ages of saritha and her
mother =2:9
let the present age of saritha
be 2x years. then the mother's
present age would be 9x years
Difference in their ages =28
years
9x-2x=28 years
7x=28=>x=4
therefore saritha's age =2*4=8
years

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