I.

ABSTRACT

The study area, Barangay Pinugay, is located in Baras Rizal. The field area extends along the
road of Masungi to Cogeo, Rizal. The area in most cases are off limits to the people not reserved to
investigate the area or it is a private property of other people. Geologically, the area contains mostly
contains of limestones, basalts, and other rocks, and some different structures like laminations,
veinlets, reef marks and etc.

Geomorphologically, the area contains some flows, igneous processes, tectonic processes and
other processes. The study area also contains various regional folds, faults, contact beds, and fractures.

We tried to locate ourselves using triangulation method using a compass and a map. We also
determined the strike and dip of the bedrocks of each outcrop we pass through as we collect samples
of the outcrop.

II. INTRODUCTION

The field work provides the description of the outcrops and how it changed compared from
its previous works provided by geologists and other students. The rocks exposed along the road are
mainly limestones and basalts, some igneous rocks like pyroclastic rocks, and ophiolite sequence rocks
like pillow basalts. Each station were different types of limestones and basalts as we investigate the
different outcrops we passed through. We also studied rocks which are fractured, and some are highly
weathered and oxidized.

Objectives of the Field Work

 To be able to find the strike and dip of each outcrop

 To be able to identify the samples collected from the outcrop

 To be able to locate ourselves in the map using triangulation method

 To be able to describe the outcrop from the far and closer view.

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III. METHODOLOGY

Following are the Methodologies that was implemented

 Desk Study

The topographical map was used for locating ourselves in the map using just triangulation with
a Brunton compass. Sir Jojo instructed us about the triangulation method so you can locate yourself if
you are lost in the field. It is important to know the landmarks of the location, so you can use the
triangulation method properly.

 Field Study

The most important thing to do. We list every description, details and information that was
necessary in the outcrop. The location was determined in the topo map and the details of the samples
was taken using rock identification tools. All of it were noted and numbered down including the details
of the structures of where the samples collected in the outcrop.

Instruments Used

 Rock Pick

It is a hammer used for splitting and breaking rocks. In field geology, they are used to obtain a
fresh surface of a rock to determine its composition, bedding orientation, nature, mineralogy, history,
and field estimate of rock strength. In fossil and mineral collecting, they are employed to break rocks
with the aim of revealing fossils inside.

 Brunton Compass

It is used to measure the strike and dip of the bed. It is also used as a tool of location for mapping
or in triangulation method where you will locate yourself using different landmarks then determine its
elevation on the map.

 Tape Meter

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 It is used to measure the thickness of the bed.

 Field Notebook

It is used for noting down information of the outcrop and drawing a sketch of the outcrop.

Structures of the outcrop

 Fractures

A fracture is any separation in a geologic formation, such as a joint or a fault that divides
the rock into two or more pieces. A fracture will sometimes form a deep fissure or crevice in the rock.
Fractures are commonly caused by stress exceeding the rock strength, causing the rock to lose
cohesion along its weakest plane.

 Geological Contact

A geological contact is a boundary which separates one rock body from another. There are
three different types of contacts, which are divided into primary contacts and secondary contacts.
Primary contacts include depositional, unconformable, and intrusive contact. Secondary contacts
include those induced by tectonic activity such as fault contacts and shear zones.

 Joints

A joint is a fracture dividing rock into two sections that moved away from each other. A joint
does not involve shear displacement, and forms when tensile stress breaches its threshold. In other
kinds of fracturing, like in a fault, the rock is parted by a visible crack that forms a gap in the rock.

 Lamination

Lamination is a small-scale sequence of fine layers that occurs in sedimentary rocks. Laminae
are normally smaller and less pronounced than bedding.

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  Gouge

Fault gouge is a tectonite with a very small grain size. Fault gouge has no cohesion and it is
normally an unconsolidated rock type, unless cementation took place at a later stage.

 Intrusion

An intrusion is any formation of intrusive igneous rock; rock formed from magma that cools
and solidifies within the crust of the planet. In contrast, an extrusion consists of extrusive rock; rock
formed above the surface of the crust.

 Fault

A fault is a crack in the Earth's crust. Typically, faults are associated with, or form, the
boundaries between Earth's tectonic plates.

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IV. DATA AND OBSERVATION

STATION 1

Outcrop Description

The outcrop is in quadrangle of Baras, Rizal on right bound of the road going upstream to
Brgy. Pinugay, Baras, Rizal. It is gray in color. From a distant view of 20-25m, the height of the
outcrop is approximately 50-55m and lateral extent of about 95-100m. It has thick vegetation with
trees and tall grasses. Structures presents are fractures such as joints and faults and karren which is
a result of dissolution in carbonate rocks. Attitude of the bed, joints and faults cannot be determined
since the outcrop is bounded by a private property.

Petrographic Description

The area is restricted so no samples where collected. However, the rock lithology was
determined by the presence of karren structure.

ROCK LITHOLOGY: Limestone

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STATION 2

Outcrop Description

The outcrop is in quadrangle of Baras, Rizal on left bound of the road going upstream to
Brgy. Pinugay, Baras, Rizal and has a color of dark gray- black. Its height is approximately 7-10m
and lateral extent of about 15-20m. It has moderate to thick vegetation with thin bars and shrubs.
Structures presents are fractures, such as joints, veinlets and laminations. Large fractures almost
exhibit one directional orientation while in some rocks, conchoidal fractural was also observed.
Attitude of the bed, joints and veinlets are noted below:

Strike Dip
Bed N 55̊ E 75̊ SE
Joints N 25̊ E 51̊ SE
Veinlets N 65̊ E 55̊ SE

Petrographic Description

The sample rock is a clastic sedimentary rock that is gray in color with veinlets which is
white in color. It has a hardness of less than 2 while the veinlets crystal has hardness of 3. Alteration
on some parts of the rock was also observed. Veinlet crystals reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid.

Composition:

Primary Minerals Secondary Minerals

Feldspar: 15% Veinlets (Calcite): 25%

Quartz: 5% Clay: 55%

ROCK LITHOLOGY: Siltstone with calcite veinlets

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STATION 3

Outcrop Description

The outcrop is in quadrangle of Baras, Rizal on left bound of the road going upstream to
Brgy. Pinugay, Baras, Rizal and has color of gray on top, brown at the bottom. Its height is
approximately 3-4m and lateral extent of about 10-15m. It has moderate vegetation with thin barks
tall grasses. Structures presents are fractures, such as joints sets, and reef marks. The orientation of
the fractures is said to be chaotic and it exhibits olistolith type of deposit. Attitude of the beds and
joints were not assessed due to safety reasons.

Petrographic Description

The sample rock is a non-clastic sedimentary rock which has brown in color. It exhibits
mineral banding of interlayered calcite, quartz and highly altered limestone material. The overall
hardness of the rock is 3. Reef marks were also identified being cemented on a matrix that also
reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid.

Composition:

Primary Minerals Secondary Minerals

Feldspar- 75% Clay- 15%

Quartz- 10%

ROCK LITHOLOGY: Reefal Limestone

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STATION 4

Outcrop Description

The outcrop is in quadrangle of Baras, Rizal on left bound of the road going upstream to
Brgy. Pinugay, Baras, Rizal. The color is gray and its height is approximately 15-20m and lateral
extent of about 20-25m. It has moderate vegetation with thin barks of trees and tall grasses.
Structures presents are fractures, such as joints. Attitude of the beds and joints are almost vertical.

Petrographic description

The rock sample is a non-clastic sedimentary rock with veinlets of granular texture and its
color is gray and white. The hardness of the rock is 3 and has a streak color of gray to transparent.
Veinlets crystals reacts with the dilute hydrochloric acid.

Composition:

Primary Minerals Secondary Minerals

Feldspar- 45% Veinlets (Calcite)- 15%

Quartz- 15% Clay- 35%

ROCK LIHTOLOGY: Limestone

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STATION 5

Outcrop Description

The outcrop is in quadrangle of Baras, Rizal on left bound of the road going upstream to
Brgy. Pinugay, Baras, Rizal. Its color is brown and its height is approximately 10-15m and lateral
extent of about 195-200m. It has moderate vegetation on top with thin barks of trees and shrubs at
the bottom. Structures presents are fractures, such as joints. Attitude of the beds and joints are
almost vertical. The outcrop is almost synonymous with the outcrop on station 4 but with
pronounced alteration.

Petrographic Description

The rock sample is a non- clastic sedimentary rock with pronounced crystalline texture. It
is brittle and has a hardness of 3. The crystals react with dilute hydrochloric acid.

Composition

Primary Minerals Secondary Minerals

Quartz- 25% Calcite- 55%

Feldspar- 20%

ROCK LITHOLOGY: Dolostone

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STATION 6

Outcrop Description

The outcrop is in quadrangle of Baras, Rizal on left bound of the road going upstream to
Brgy. Pinugay, Baras, Rizal and has a color of blueish-gray. Its height is approximately 6-8m and
lateral extent of about 95-100m. It has scarse vegetation with shrubs. Structures presents are
fractures, such as joints and faults, tilted beddings. The beds are approximately 2 inches thick and
dips in northeast direction. The outcrop is a good indicator of change of facie deposit. Recorded
attitudes of bed, joint, and fault are tabulated below:

Strike Dip
Bed N 68̊ W 23̊ NE
Joint N 12̊ W 36̊ NE
Fault N 5̊ W 45̊ NE

Petrographic Description

The rock sample is a clastic sedimentary rock and has a color of blue-gray. Its composition
is heterogenous. It has fine grained texture with hardness of less than 2. Oxidation takes place on
some parts of the rock. Also, the light-colored minerals react with dilute hydrochloric acid.

Composition

Primary Minerals Secondary Minerals

Quartz- 20% Matrix- 15%

Feldspar- 40% Calcite-25%

ROCK LITHOLOGY: Dolomitic Sandstone

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STATION 7

Outcrop Description

The outcrop is in quadrangle of Quezon City on right bound of the road going downstream
to Cogeo Village, Brgy. Bagong Nayon, Antipolo, Rizal. The color is brown- black. Its height is
approximately 7-8m and lateral extent of about 40-45m. It has scarse vegetation with shrubs.
Structures presents are fractures, such as joints and faults, fault gouge and dendritic texture of rocks.
The fault contact is relatively sharp and abrupt showing reverse fault. The attitude of the fault was
recorded to be N 4̊ W, 10NE.

Petrographic Description

In this station 2 rock samples where collected. The first rock sample is from the right side
of the outcrop which happens to be the hanging wall with respect to the movement of the fault. It
is a massive, fine-grained igneous rock which has a color of brow-black. It has a hardness of 6 and
streak color of grey. On the other hand, the second sample is collected from the footwall. It is a
light-colored extrusive igneous rock. It is highly weathered and has a hardness of 4. The
composition of the gouge material is not assessed because of its brittleness, if became pulverized
when extracted.

Composition

Sample Rock No. 1

Primary Minerals Secondary Minerals

Plagioclase- 92% Pyroxene- 6%

Quartz- 2%

ROCK LITHOLOGY: Basalt

Sample Rock No.2

Primary Minerals Secondary Minerlas

Plagioclase- 45% Hornblende- 5%

Quartz- 50%

ROCK LITHOLOGY: Rhyolite

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STATION 8:

Outcrop Description

The outcrop is in quadrangle of Quezon City on left bound of the road going downstream
to Cogeo Village, Brgy. Bagong Nayon, Antipolo, Rizal and has color of black and grayish-white.
Its height is approximately 10-15m and lateral extent of about 20-25m. It has moderate vegetation
with thin barks shrubs. Structures presents are fractures, such as joints, and dike intrusion. The
attitude of the fault was not recorded since there is a time restriction.

Petrographic Description

There are 2 rock samples collected in this station. The first sample is from the host rock. It
is a fine-grained igneous rock with near black in color. It has a hardness of 6 and streak color of
grey. The second rock sample is from the dike intrusion. The rock is light-colored and coarse
grained plutonic/ intrusive igneous rock. It is massive and has a hardness of 6-7 with a streak color
of bluish black.

Composition

Sample Rock No. 1

Primary Minerals Secondary Minerals

Plagioclase- 90% Pyroxene- 8%

Quartz- 2%

ROCK LITHOLOGY: Basalt

Sample Rock No. 2

Primary Minerals Secondary Minerals

Quartz- 30% Matrix- 10%

Plagioclase- 60%

ROCK LITHOLOGY: Tonalite

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STATION 9

Outcrop Description

The outcrop is in quadrangle of Quezon City on right bound of the road going downstream
to Cogeo Village, Brgy. Bagong Nayon, Antipolo, Rizal. It has brown in color with height of
approximately 7-8m and lateral extent of about 20-25m. The outcrop has chaotic or heterogenic
composition. It has sand or gravel size rocks or even boulder size set in a fine-grained matrix. It
has moderate vegetation on top and almost none at the bottom. Structures presents are alteration
and conglomerates that exhibits spherical weathering. Layering of coarse-grained to fine-grained
rocks were also observed. Attitudes were not recorded since the outcrop was already cut almost
vertical.

Petrographic Description

There are two rock samples collected in this station. Since it has heterogenic composition,
we were able to get one extrusive igneous rock whose weight is relatively heavy and one light
weight pyroclastic rock. The first rock sample is dark, fine-grained extrusive igneous rock that as
been altered by chlorite and been subjected to an oxidizing environment. The second rock sample
is a light-colored, light weight extrusive igneous rocks whose fragments are visible to naked eye.

Composition

Sample Rock No. 1

Primary Minerals Secondary Minerals

Plagioclase- 80% Pyroxene- 10%

Quartz- 5% Alteration: Chlorite- 5%

ROCK LITHOLOGY: Basalt

Sample Rock No. 2

Rock Fragments- 80%

Crystals- 20%

ROCK LITHOLOGY: Lithic Tuff

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STATION 10

Outcrop Description

The outcrop is in quadrangle of Quezon City on left bound of the road going downstream
to Cogeo Village, Brgy. Bagong Nayon, Antipolo, Rizal. It has several colors like brown, grey and
pink. Its height is approximately 5-6m and lateral extent of about 10-15m. The outcrop is highly
oxidized. It has scarse vegetation on top and almost none at the bottom. No enough data and
observation were gathered since the outcrop is along the restricted area.

Petrographic Description

No rock sample were taken.

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STATION 11

Outcrop Description

The outcrop is in quadrangle of Quezon City on right bound of the road going downstream
to Cogeo Village, Brgy. Bagong Nayon, Antipolo, Rizal. It has brown in color at the top and grey
at the bottom. It has height of approximately 7-8m and lateral extent of about 20-25m. The outcrop
has numerous numbers of faulting. It has scarse vegetation on top and almost none at the bottom.
Layering of coarse-grained to fine-grained rocks were also observed. Attitudes were not recorded
since the outcrop was already cut almost vertical.

Petrographic Description

Two rock samples were collected. First is from the bottom part, gray-black color, fine-
grained igneous rock that shapes like a rounded pillow. It has a hardness of 6 and streak of grey to
near transparent color. Second sample is from the fault gouge although it is hard to assessed because
it is pulverized. The topmost layer is hyaloclastic sediments.

Composition

Sample Rock No. 1

Primary Minerals Secondary Minerals

Plagioclase- 90% Pyroxene- 5%

Quartz- 5%

ROCK LITHOLOGY: Pillow Basalt

ROCK LITHOLOGY: Hyaloclastic

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V. ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
As we were going down Marilaque Highway/Marikina Infanta Highway, the rock
composition generally changed from sedimentary to igneous (Limestone > Siltstone > Reefal
Limestone > Limestone > Dolostone > Dolomitic Sandstone > Basalt/Rhyolite > Basalt/Tonalite >
Basalt/Lithic Tuff > Pillow Basalt). This shows that the sedimentary facies could be overlying the
igneous body of rock.

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VI. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Based on our location, the first rocks observed (Limestone > Siltstone > Reefal Limestone
> Limestone) is from the Maybangain formation [Masungi Limestone is part of this formation]
and/or The Kinabuan formation. The Maybangain formation is made of Masungi Limestone
member, Clastic-volcanic member - volcanic breccia, sandstone, siltstone, mudstone, conglomerate.
The Kinabuan formation’s lithology is Sandstone, shale, limestone, calcarenite, and calcilutite.
“A study by Ocampo and Martin (1967) regards the Masungi Limestone as biohermal.
However, exposures encountered by Haeck (1987) are interpreted to be lower-slope or basin margin
deposits in a forereef setting.”
Reefal limestone is seen in station 3.
“The outcrops consist mainly of redeposited limestones, including debris flows and
turbiditic strata, which are interbedded with calcareous and non-calcareous mudstones and minor
volcaniclastic rocks. Ringenbach (1992) considers the biohermal limestone of Ocampo and Martin
(1967) as an olistolith of the volcaniclastic member.”
Olistolith Melange is observed in station 3
Dolostone/Dolomitic Sandstone seen in station 5/6 may have been Calcilutite/Calcarenite
lithology of the Kinabuan formation.

For the igneous rocks that we saw when we were in the lower parts of Rizal, namely the
Basalt Lithic Tuff on station 9, may be from the Laguna Formation (synonymous with from the
Guadalupe Formation) since its lithology has the Alat Conglomerate – Silty mudstone, tuffaceous
sandstone Diliman Tuff – vitric tuff, ignimbrite, volcanic breccia
Alat conglomerate “consists of massive conglomerate, deeply weathered silty mudstone and
tuffaceous sandstone. Poorly sorted conglomerate, which is the most predominant rock type, consists
of well rounded pebbles and small boulders of older rocks, including diorite, gabbro, basalt, andesite
and limestone cemented by coarse-grained, calcareous sandy matrix. The interbedded sandstone is
massive- to poorly- bedded, tuffaceous, fine- to medium-grained, loosely cemented, friable and
exhibits cross bedding. The mudstone is medium to thin bedded, soft, silty and tuffaceous.”
Spheroidal weathered basalt was observed in Station 9.
The Basalt/Rhyolite [Station 7], & Basalt/Tonalite [Station 8] could be from the Antipolo
Basalt
Antipolo Basalt is distributed along Antipolo, Binangonan and Talim Island (Antipolo area
and Binangonan area was at close proximity to the last stations that we observed.

17
 Pillow Basalts [Station 11] is from the Montalban Ophiolitic Complex. It is below a lot of
rocks (which may be part of the Kinabuan formation, which serves as the sedimentary cover of
Montalban Ophiolitic Complex)

Considering this field work, we encountered difficulties with handling the map (it was too
big to carry), so it is advisable to photocopy a portion of the map so that it would be easier to right
on, and smaller to carry.

REFERENCES

 Mines Geosciences Bureau, Geology of the Philippines 2nd Edition

 River Catalogue Vol 5, Philippines-4
 malekhureport.blogspot.com, Objectives and methology

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 ANNEXES

STATION 1

Figure 1. Outcrop on station 1.

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STATION 2

Figure 2. Outcrop in station 2.

Figure 3 & 4. Fractures.

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 Figure 5 & 6. Getting the attitude of the beds.

Figure 7. Laminations Figure 8. Conchoidal fractures.

21
Figure 9. Rock sample in station 2.

22
STATION 3

Figure 10. Outcrop in station 3. Figure 11. Joint sets.

Figure 12. Rock sample exhibits mineral Figure 13. Rock sample displaying reef
banding. marks.

23
STATION 4

Figure 14. Outcrop in station 4.

Figure 15. Rock sample.

24
STATION 5

Figure 16. Outcrop in station 5. Figure 17. Bedding and joints.

Figure 18. Rock sample.

25
STATION 6

Figure 19. Outcrop in station 6. Figure 20. Getting the attitude of the beds.

Figure 21. Rock sample.

26
STATION 7

Figure 22. Outcrop in station 7. Figure 23. Fault contact.

Figure 25. Rock Sample No.1

Figure 24. Fault gouge.

Figure 26. Rock sample no.

2 exhibits dendritic texture.

27
STATION 8

Figure 27. Outcrop in station 8, dike intrusion at the

center.

Figure 28. Rock sample no. 1. Figure 29. Rock sample no. 2.

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 STATION 9

Figure 30. Outcrop in station 9.

Figure 31. Spherical Figure 32. Coarse grained Figure 33. Boulder sized clasts
weathering clasts to fine-grained clasts. exhibits chloritization and
oxidation.

Figure 34. Rock sample no. 1. Figure 35. Rock sample no. 2.

29
STATION 10

Figure 36. Outcrop in station 10.

30
STATION 11

Figure 37. Outcrop in station 11 showing

several faults.

Figure 38. Sample of hyaloclastic rock

31