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Quiz 9
https://quizlet.com/87167789/business-and-society-chapter-9-flash-cards/
1. The most strategic CSR initiatives are those that remove the social dimension from the firm’s overall
competitive strategy. F
2. The pragmatic approach is more proactive and affirmative than the strategic approach because it asks
companies to identify and acknowledge company activities that can do harm and encourages firms to
scrutinize their practices and address potential harms by focusing on their own value-chain activities. F
3. The Social Investment Forum reported that socially responsible investing grew from $40 billion in 1984
to nearly $4 trillion in 2012. T
4. Which of the items listed is NOT a product of a “favorable corporate reputation.” Ignore the Foreign
Corrupt Practices Act
5. According to Harvard Professor Michael Porter, the strategic reason for having CSR play a prominent
role in a firm is that in evaluating the firm’s CSR, executives should begin by scrutinizing the social
impacts of the company’s value chain. T
6. Some analysts argue that the more stringent regulatory environment resulting in the post Sarbanes-
Oxley period increases shareholder confidence in financial reporting. T
7. In the __________ perspective, social responsibility is seen as appropriate because it is “the right thing
to do.” Ethical
8. Constructive engagement of stakeholders, including critics, is replacing the “just trust us” plea of
yesteryear as executives conclude that the plea rarely works in a world of regular corporate scandals. T
9. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) consists of which four kinds of responsibilities: Economic, legal,
ethical, and philanthropic
10. The late economist ________ said that management should “make as much money as possible while
conforming to the basic rules of society, both those embodied in the law and those embodied in ethical
custom.” Milton Friedman
11. Typical Codes of Conduct cover conduct described below. In the aftermath of Bhopal, the chemical
industry wishing to demonstrate responsible corporate citizenship has added which additional behaviors
set out below. Continuous improvement, communication with external stakeholders and training of
suppliers on the standards
12. The __________ reason for CSR offers managers a stronger basis for making decisions about which
stakeholders and social responsibility issues should garner their attention and resources given the
multitude of options available. Strategic
13. CalPERS, the California Public Employees’ Retirement System pressures the companies it invests in to
engage in good corporate governance and socially responsible practices in areas such as ______ and
______. Human rights; environmental responsibility
14. The ________ reason for corporate social responsibility argues that businesses, as part of society, have a
responsibility to behave in the right way. Ethical
15. Interface Carpets, a stellar example of sustainability in action, lists seven fronts of Mount Sustainability.
Which is NOT one of the firm’s goals to meet its total sustainability status? Competing through cost
16. The economic responsibilities of a firm involve its primary function of producing goods and services that
consumers need and want, while making an acceptable profit. T
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17. The three reasons that corporations should care about social responsibility are ______, ______ and
________. Pragmatic, ethical, strategic
18. Over the long run, to be successful, firms with excellent socially responsible strategies need to worry
less about their business strategies. F
19. The ______ reason, why corporations should care about social responsibility, is based upon the
recognition that business must use its power responsibly in society or risk losing it. Corporations exist as
legal entities with certain advantages (such as limited liability) because society allows them to do so, and
these corporate rights and advantages can be removed from firms that are perceived to be
irresponsible. Pragmatic
20. _____, such as environmental damage, are costs to society that are produced by companies but not
reflected in the company’s cost structure. Externalities
21. An organization that does not fulfill its philanthropic responsibilities is acting unethically. F
22. According to the Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR) pyramid, the __________ responsibility is
considered to be of primary importance to organizations. Economic
23. Even if socially responsible business practices are costly, firms must perform them anyway. T
24. Organizations are finding that in the area of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), it is becoming
increasingly difficult to separate organizational ethics from social responsibility. Internal; external
25. A firm’s financial responsibility is primary and the bedrock of corporate social responsibility because
without financial viability, the other responsibilities become moot issues. T
26. Since the passage of Sarbanes-Oxley few firms have been prosecuted and fewer high level executives
have received jail terms proving convincingly that the legislation is flawed. F
27. Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) is credited with improving internal financial control systems
in public companies even if the cost of doing so is thought to be exorbitant by small firms. T
28. ________ is sometimes used to represent harmony among three dimensions of economic, social and
environmental impacts.sustainability
29. According to the Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR) pyramid, the __________ responsibility is a
societal expectation that is not necessarily codified into law. ethical

Quiz 8
https://quizlet.com/87166609/business-and-society-chapter-8-flash-cards/
1. David is willing to put in his time at work, but he exhibits no passion or no energy for what he does.
David is… Not engaged
2. If your manager asks you to betray your ethical standards, you should respond politely but firmly that
you will not compromise your standards. T
3. Unfortunately, given diverse activities that managers are responsible for, they play a limited role in
increasing employee engagement and building an ethical culture. F
4. Unfortunately, people do not want to believe that the world operates on the principles of fairness. F
5. Because of a family emergency, John was unable to complete a report for his boss. Instead, he asks a
coworker to finish it for him and in the morning, John tells his boss that he did the report. Is there
anything wrong with John’s action? Yes, because John told a lie to his boss and put his reputation on
the line
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6. Interestingly, according to a survey of executives, most respondents would rather lie to employees
about performance than confront them about performance problems. T
7. Continuous performance evaluation is categorized under which of the four drivers of employee
engagement? Rewards and recognition
8. Jane frequently refuses to do work that “is not her job.” Jane is… Actively disengaged
9. According to research, the best way to encourage ethical behavior is to create an organizational culture
that is built to enhance employee engagement. T
10. According to James Shaffer, an expert in communication and employee engagement, all of these are
drivers of engagement EXCEPT: Mission statement
11. As a manager of ABC Corporation, you are in a tough situation. You must send an employee to work with
your new client in Europe and Sam is clearly the most qualified candidate. However, ABC Corporation is
located in an area where several people of Sam’s race have been violently attacked. You must choose to
send Sam or Tonya. What should you do? Ask Sam if he wants to go to Europe and discuss the
situation
12. Compliments are just that, compliments, and employees too sensitive to accept them should receive
sensitivity training. F
13. This driver of engagement, __________, refers to the fact that employees should understand the
company’s strategic direction and how their individual efforts play a role in the company’s revenue-
generating enterprise. Line of sight
14. Given that performance evaluations have little effect on employee performance, evaluating employee
performance once every 18 months is sufficient. F
15. The best way to ensure that you are not going to be asked to compromise your values is to clearly
communicate what people can expect from you. T
16. Employees who perceive that they have been unfairly treated are less satisfied, less likely to go the extra
mile, and more likely to steal from the organization. T
17. Sleepwalking represents characteristic of which of these groups? Not engaged employees
18. One of a manager’s most important responsibilities is to bring good people into the organization. T
19. Lucy is passionate and enthusiastic about her work. She is eager to go the extra mile. Lucy is… Actively
engaged
20. Managers earn their subordinates’ credibility and respect by setting clear standards, deliberately
communicating those standards, and insisting that all adhere to the standards. T
21. Don is sometime willing to go the “extra mile,” but generally comes to work to do what needs to be
done and to go home. Don is… Not engaged
22. Federal law prohibits discrimination against individuals with specific characteristics. Which of the
following characteristics is not on that list (i.e. not protected under Federal law)? Mental ability
23. According to management experts, “Management by walking around” is passé in the Internet age where
managers can easily communicate with employees using technology. F
24. One of the higher performing employees in your group has recently had family troubles. These personal
issues caused him to be less flexible with his work schedule. For example, he has come in late some
mornings and missed several late afternoon meetings. However, he continues to be productive when
he is at work. As his manager, what should you do? Institute flexible work hours for all employees in
your group and arrange meetings when everyone can be available
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25. In an organization, actively engaged employees help by keeping turnover and absenteeism low, while
promoting higher customer loyalty. T
26. You are a manager forced to layoff certain employees. What is the primary objective that should guide
your treatment of these individuals? To allow the terminated employee to maintain personal dignity.
27. Honest feedback is a two edge sword. Telling employees truthfully how they are performing alienates
the strong performers and has a negative effect on the organization’s culture. F
28. Employee with an attitude of “it’s not my job” fits into which of these groups? Actively disengaged
employees
29. Which of the following is false about employee engagement? Actively disengaged employees have
lower turnover and absenteeism.
30. Which of the following is not an effective way to discipline employees? Discipline should be consistent
with what other employees at the same level or position received.
31. Discipline is important to ensure worker productivity, set standards of acceptable behaviors, and meet
the requirements of the U. S. Sentencing Guidelines. T

Quiz 7
https://quizlet.com/87165985/business-and-society-chapter-7-flash-cards/
1. The __________ experiment demonstrated how normal students accepted and acted on their randomly
assigned role of prisoner or guard. Zimbardo
2. Workers expect managers to discipline fairly, and they are morally outraged when management doesn’t
do its job. T
3. Which of the following is false? People do not care if violators of ethical conduct are punished.
4. Which of the following is false? Managers do not have roles as much as their subordinates do
5. Which of the following is true? Meeting a goal provides psychological benefits
6. If punishment occurs in private, few employees will know that unethical behavior was admonished;
thus, managers should ensure that employees who behave unethically are punished publicly so that
others learn from the process. F
7. Generally, people take a single “ethical self” from situation to situation. F
8. Researchers have found that employees may be less likely to report ethical problems to management if
they are intently focused on achieving a task. T
9. Which of these is a quality or state of being complete, whole, and undivided? Integrity
10. The Tailhook scandal represents an example of which of these? Social learning theory
11. Group norms can cause an “everyone is doing it” mentality. This means: Many individuals will go along
with unethical behavior because of a strong need for peer acceptance
12. Groupthink occurs when: Group members conform to the group’s decision and are unwilling to
express disagreement.
13. According to ______ people learn from observing the rewards and punishments of others. Social
learning theory
14. The Zimbardo experiment provides insight into ___________ just as the Milgram experiment provides
insight into ____________. Abu Ghraib prison scandal; McDonald’s case
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15. Workers expect to be rewarded for behaviors that are expected of everyone—that is, for doing the
“right thing.” F
16. A decrease in levels in the organizational hierarchy leads to better lateral communication among
employees and makes it more difficult for employees to rationalize that higher-ups were responsible. T
17. In combination with rewards, goal setting is one of the most powerful motivational tools. T
18. A statement such as “integrity is important here” is enough for subordinates to understand expected
behavior. F
19. According to _______ people are likely to behave in ways that are rewarded. Reinforcement theory
20. Norms often arise to support behaviors that are implicitly rewarded. T
21. In business, when people talk about ethics, they’re talking about behavior. T
22. Roles can support ethical behavior thus it makes sense to include in a Code of Conduct a statement that
calls for employees who see misconduct to report it. T
23. When an employee brings up an ethical concern at work, the manager is obliged to take the issues
completely off the employee’s hands. F
24. Workers have to be personally rewarded or punished for the message to have an impact. F
25. Work roles can support either ethical or unethical behavior. T
26. People are much more likely to act ethically if they perceive themselves as personally responsible for the
outcomes of their decisions and actions. T
27. The ___________ experiment demonstrated the power of legitimate authority. Teachers were unwilling
to question the experimenter’s authority for fear of personal embarrassment or upsetting the status
quo. Milgram
28. Which of the following is true? Rewards set the tone for what’s expected and rewarded in the long
term
29. According to ________ people generally live up to the expectations that are set for them—high or low.
The Pygmalion effect

Quiz 6
1. Pursuant to the U. S. Sentencing Guidelines, an organization can be convicted even if only one employee
is caught breaking the law. T
2. The job of ethics officer has been called “the newest profession in American business.”. True
3. Under the U. S. Sentencing Guidelines, the same crime can be subject to a wide range of penalties. In
determining the penalty, the following will be considered: All of the above
4. The _________ approach to formal corporate ethics initiatives focuses on meeting required behavior
norms or obeying the letter of the law. Compliance
5. When communicating policies: Eliminate the legalese and tell employees what the policy means
6. Organizational experience suggests that an “ethics action line” is unnecessary because it promotes
“tattling” on people an employee doesn’t like. False
7. All of the following about Ethics Officer is true EXCEPT: The ethics officer is typically a first-line to
middle-level manager.
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8. ______ is a term frequently used to describe ethics initiatives that begin at the top of the organization
and work their way down, level by level. Cascading
9. Research suggests that ethics only needs to be communicated in orientation materials for new
employees. False
10. When communicating a code of conduct: Focus on values that should guide decision making.
11. Which of the following is true? The US Sentencing Commission allows prosecutors to assess the
quality of an organization’s compliance program in order to determine appropriate penalties.
12.Under the 2004 sentencing guidelines, the __________ are expected to oversee the compliance and
ethics program while __________ is/are charged with ensuring its effectiveness within the company.
board of directors; top management
13. Seldom should ethics information be included in a company’s external website. False
14.According to Peters and Waterman, an effective leader must be the master of two ends of the spectrum:
ideas at the highest level of abstraction and actions at the most mundane level of detail. True
15. Command-and-control is a term frequently used to describe ethics initiatives that begin at the top of
the organization and work their way down, level by level. False
16. An organization can be convicted of a crime even if only one employee breaks the law. True
17.According to ethics and compliance officers, a respected and trusted insider who knows the company’s
culture and people is a preferable choice for a firm’s ethics or compliance officer. True
18.The US Sentencing Guidelines use a “carrot and stick” approach to managing corporate crime. What is
meant by the use of “carrot” and “stick”? The carrot refers to incentives in the guidelines to behave
ethically and the stick refers to the punishment if the guidelines are not followed.
19.Your friend, Jamira, has been selected to create a new ethics training program at work. What advice
should you give Jamira? Ensure that all employees receive the same training content. Provide separate
training depending on the needs of different groups of employees
20.An increase in the number of calls on the “ethics action line” is a sign that there are more reportable
problems in the company now. False
21. The __________ approach to formal corporate ethics initiatives is proactive and aspirational. Values
22. Which of the following is false? An effective approach to managing ethics has a compliance-only focus
23.Which of the following is false? Mission statements should be written by outsiders who are unbiased.
24. ___________ may have good ethical compasses, but they don’t know their corporation’s policies.
Without guidance, ethics may not even be a consideration. Loose cannons
25. Depending on the organization’s culture, the word “ethics” may carry a negative connotation and need
to be replaced with “business conduct.” True

Quiz 5
1. Which of these is a process promoted through formal and informal transmission of norms? Socialization
(or enculturation)
2. Which of these consists of symbolic figures who set standards of performance by modeling certain
behaviors? Heroes
3. Alignment of the goals and rewards of an organization with the organization’s values is essential
because employees will generally do what is measured and rewarded. T
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4. An ethically neutral leader is not clearly unethical, but is perceived to be more self-centered and more
focused on the bottom line. T
5. Given the less hierarchical organizational structures that are more commonplace today, it is less
important to have strongly aligned ethical culture to guide employees in their independent decision-
making. F
6. Which of these is NOT a part of informal system in an organization? Decision processes
7. When an organization “cares” about multiple stakeholders, including employees, customers, and the
broader community and public, it is said to have which of these? Benevolence climate
8. According to the Executive Ethical Leadership Reputation Matrix, ___________ is an executive
characterized as a weak “moral person” and a strong “moral manager.” Hypocritical leader
9. According to the Executive Ethical Leadership Reputation Matrix, ___________ is an executive
characterized as a strong “moral person” and a strong “moral manager.” Ethical leader
10. A 2006 study found that 82 percent of Americans would prefer to be paid less but work for an ethical
company than be paid more and work for an unethical company. T
11. The more a firm demands unquestioning obedience to authority, the more likely the firm will experience
higher levels of unethical conduct among their employees. T
12. Research has found that executive ethical leadership is critical to investors but not the employees. F
13. Which of the following is false? An effective culture change may take as long as 1 to 2 years.
14. Research has found that employees working in organizations with an enforced code of ethics report that
they engage in less unethical behavior. T
15. Why did the US Sentencing Commission begin to focus on the ethical culture of the organization in
2004? Prior to the change, organizations used formal programs as “window dressing”
16. Which of these symbolically tells employees what the organization wants them to do and how it expects
them to do it? Rituals
17. ______ are symbolic figures who set standards of performance by modeling certain behaviors, and they
can be the organization’s formal leaders. Heroes
18. Weak organizational cultures are: desirable if an organization wants diversity of thought and action.
19. “The way we do things around here” addresses an organization’s. Norms
20. The “moral person” component of ethical leadership: Tells employees how the leader is likely to
behave.
21. Unethical leaders can just as negatively affect the culture of a company as ethical leaders can affect the
ethical culture. T
22. _____ tell people symbolically what the organization wants them to do and how it expects them to do it.
Rituals
23. Most people, according to cognitive moral development, are looking outside of themselves for guidance
on decision-making. This means that stated organizational policy can be an important source of
guidance for employees in making decisions. T
24. Which of these consists of subcultures within divisions or departments that are more likely to guide
behavior? Weak organizational culture
25. Organization cultures are maintained through formal systems alone. F
26. The only way to determine if the culture is aligned to support ethical behavior is to conduct regular,
comprehensive audits of all relevant cultural systems, both formal and informal. T
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27. Organizational cultures vary widely, even within the same industry. T
28. Loyalty is paramount in business and employees who question unethical direction or an unethical boss
are doomed. F
29. Under which of these climates is little attention given to the social consequences of one’s actions? Self-
interest climate
30. An ethical culture is maintained through alignment between the formal and informal systems. T
31. Given the less hierarchical organizational structures that are more common place today, it is less
important to have strongly aligned ethical culture to guide employees in their independent decision-
making. F
32. Which of these consists of standards and guidelines that are known and widely shared by all? Strong
organizational culture
33. Today, with advances in technology, very few modern organizations are bureaucratic. F
34. The US Sentencing Guidelines call for more attention to developing and maintaining the ethical culture
of the organization. T
35. Which of these consists of standards of behavior that are accepted as appropriate by members of a
group? Norms
36. Which of these consists of anecdotes about a sequence of events drawn from an organization’s history?
Myths

Quiz 4
www.personal.psu.edu/jbm18/Ethics/TestBank/ch04.doc
1. Common conflicts of interest include overt or covert bribes and the trading of influence or privileged
information. T
2. Reference: Matching Ethical Type to Example
a. People Issue
b. Conflict of Interest
c. Customer Confidence Issue
d. Use of Corporate Resources
● Accepting a bribe. B
● Discriminating against an employee. A
● An unsafe product for human consumption. C
● Providing a personal reference on corporate letterhead. D
● “How people get along”. A
● Honestly representing a product in a sales pitch. C
● Keeping a customer’s information private. C
● Sending personal mail through the company mail room. D

3. If an organization has 30 employees, it is not required to have a sexual harassment policy or train
employees on these issues. F
4. You should guard your reputation as it is built slowly with countless actions but it can be destroyed in an
instant by one foolish mistake. T
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5. Which of the following is false? Sexual harassment is objective.

6. Accepting discounts on personal items from a vendor is acceptable as it enriches the relationship
between the parties. F
7. When something is divided between two people according to the worth and inputs of the two
individuals, it is said to be ___________ and represents one component of “fairness.” Equitable
8. Which of the following is most likely an appropriate “gift” to accept from a vendor? Dinner for you and
your wife at Applebee’s
9. Employees do not care about the fairness of the decision making procedure as much as they care about
the fairness of the outcomes they receive. F
10. _____________ is a type of sexual harassment wherein an individual believes that sexual favors are a
requirement for advancement in the workplace. Quid pro quo
11. Under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, the Securities and Exchange
Commission (SEC) will pay _____ percent of the amount the government recovers from financial fraud if
the whistleblower provides original information leading to a recovery of more than a million dollars. 5 to
8
12. Facebook, LinkedIn and other social networking sites are immune from ethical challenges as that which
you post on these sites is personal and may not be examined by your firm. F
13. As a senior executive, it makes sense for you to use the firm’s corporate letterhead to write references
for employees leaving the firm who have previously served the firm well. F
14. When a statement is “off the record,” this means: A reporter can use the information you provided in a
story as long as the remarks are not attributed directly to you.
15. Which of the following is true? Under the False Claims Act, you can receive 15 to 30 percent of
whatever damages the federal government recovers if you blow the whistle on government fraud.
16. Identify the three components that are used to define “fairness.” Reciprocity, equity, and impartiality
17. Which of the following is true? Discrimination occurs whenever something other than qualifications
affects how an employee is treated.
18. With human resource issues, the most important word to remember is “fairness.” T
19. ___________ refers to the fairness of exchanges: “You did this for me and I’ll do that for you.”
Reciprocity
20. ____________ is a type of sexual harassment wherein a worker is made to feel uncomfortable because
of unwelcome actions relating to sexuality. Hostile work environment
21. Conflicts of interest erode trust by making it look as if special favors will be extended for special friends.
T
22. Kathleen Reardon encourages us to think about courage at work as “calculated risk taking.” She
recommends that you do all of the following EXCEPT: Ignore power and influence
23. Zachary works for Step-Up Printing Services during the day and a local diner at night. This is a conflict of
interest. F
24. An employer cannot be held liable for an employee’s sexual harassment activities. F
25. Transparency is the best policy in holding more than one employment option. Thus, so long as you tell
both employers about the work you are doing, the work you perform at either firm is not relevant. F
26. It is important to avoid romance with anyone you supervise for the following reasons:
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1) Your judgment is likely to be compromised by the relationship.

2) Coworkers are likely to lose respect for both parties and fear preferential treatment. T

Quiz 3
1. Most adults are at the ____________ level of cognitive moral development and their action is
____________. Conventional; based on what others think, say, and do.
2. If an individual does not recognize that he or she is facing an ethical dilemma, then ethical judgment is
likely not to occur. T
3. Roger believes that his success at work is primarily the result of his own efforts and hard work. Roger
can be characterized by: High internal locus of control
4. When describing a situation, the type of language used does not affect moral awareness. F
5. According to cognitive moral development theory, the actual moral decision is not as important as the
reasoning process used to arrive at it. T
6. Which stage of Kohlberg’s Levels of Moral Reasoning is focused on avoiding punishment? Stage 1
7. Research has found that people are more likely to be ethically aware, to recognize the ethical nature of
an issue or decision, if all of these things happen EXCEPT: If superiors in the organization do not see it
as an issue but subordinates do.
8. Kohlberg argued that the higher the reasoning stage, the more ethical the decision. T
9. An organization led by a leader high in cognitive moral development establishes a much stronger ethical
climate in the organization. T
10. Which of these is an unconscious distortion of information in order to maintain a positive self-image?
Illusion of superiority
11. Which stage of Kohlberg’s Levels of Moral Reasoning is considers the possibility of changing the law for
socially useful purposes? Stage 5
12. Neutral language can be used to make an unethical action seem less problematic. T
13. Which of the following is true? Cognitive biases are the result of trying to reduce uncertainty and
simplify the world.
14. With the advent of technology, fewer people look to others in their social environment for guidance in
ethical dilemma situations. F
15. In organizations, individuals high on Machiavellianism are significantly more likely to have unethical
intentions and to engage in unethical behavior including accepting kickbacks. T
16. Which of these is a tendency to underestimate risks because of the belief that we are in charge of what
happens? Illusion of control
17. Which stage of Kohlberg’s Levels of Moral Reasoning is focused on following the rules or laws that are
designed to promote the common good? Stage 4
18. Managers must structure the work environment to support ethical conduct and this includes ensuring
that reward systems are aligned with the ethics of the firm. T
19. An effective way to avoid decision-making weaknesses and biases is to become aware of them and to
incorporate steps into decision-making that are explicitly aimed at reducing their impact. T
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20. Which of the following is true? People’s locus of control is relatively stable, but can change over time.
21. According to Kohlberg, as individuals move forward through the sequence of stages they are cognitively
capable of comprehending all reasoning stages below and above their own. F
22. Those with higher __________ are more likely to avoid pressure to violate social norms because
_____________. Internal locus of control; they believe they are in charge of their own fate.
23. Training, whether in groups, peer to peer, or using videos to deliver the content, has been shown to be
ineffective in helping employees become ethically aware. F
24. Which of these terms is used to describe individuals who act in self-interested, opportunistic, deceptive,
and manipulative ways to win no matter what the cost or how it affects other people? Machiavellianism
25. According to cognitive moral development theory, individuals move to a higher reasoning stage: When
there is a contradiction between his or her current moral reasoning stage and the next higher one.
26. Which of these is a tendency to pay attention to the information that endorses the decision we prefer?
confirmation bias
27. Sally attributes her success at work to luck. Sally can be characterized by: high external locus of control
28. There are major differences in levels of moral reasoning between men and women. F
29. Which of the following is false? Lawrence Kohlberg developed the cognitive moral development theory
by studying male adult behavior
30. Which stage of Kohlberg’s Levels of Moral Reasoning could be described as “You scratch my back, I’ll
scratch yours”? Stage 2

Quiz 2
1. Followers of which approach would rely on Western biblical tradition or moral intuition for guidance?
Deontological approach
2. In business, concerning yourself with how your decision making affects stakeholders is useless given the
number of stakeholders and their different interests. F
3. Although all of the philosophical approaches have limitations, an individual must choose one approach
and follow its guidance in every situation. F
4. An ethical dilemma is defined as a situation where two or more “right” values are in conflict. T
5. The ___________ approach to ethical decision making focuses on what decision an individual should
make. Prescriptive
6. Despite the disclosure rule, making decisions in private to avoid negative reaction is generally best for a
business as it safeguards your firm’s reputation and keeps competitive information away from your
competitors. F
7. Generally, ethical dilemmas are not routine. Therefore, there is no way that an individual can be
prepared or informed for a problem ahead of time. F
8. Which approach presents a major challenge when deciding which duty, obligation, right, or principle
takes precedence? Deontological approach
9. Which of these is the first step in the sound ethical decision making in business? Gather the facts
10. Under which approach can the rights of a minority group be easily sacrificed for the benefit of the
majority (for example, slavery in the United States)? Teleological (or Consequential) approach
11. Which of these is the final step in the sound ethical decision making in business? Check your gut
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12. A _______________ is any person or group with a stake in the issue at hand. Stakeholder
13. A virtue ethics perspective requires a moral actor to look to the community that will hold the moral
actor to the highest ethical standard and support the moral actor’s intention to be a virtuous person. T
14. Ethical dilemmas represent conflicts in values. T
15. An appearance of a conflict of interest can be as damaging as an actual conflict. T
16. ___________ is probably the best-known consequentialist theory. Utilitarianism
17. Which of these is a philosophical tradition that began with Aristotle and primarily considers the actor’s
character, motivations, and intentions? Virtue ethics approach
18. A major challenge of _____ approaches is deciding which duty, obligation, right, or principle takes
precedence because, as we said earlier, ethical dilemmas often pit these against each other.
Deontological
19. The ___________ approach to ethical decision making focuses on how people actually make ethical
decisions. Descriptive
20. According to Lawrence Kohlberg, developer of a key theory of moral reasoning, role taking is useless as
nothing is gained by putting yourself in the shoes of others. F
21. Which of these approaches focuses on the integrity of the moral actor? Virtue ethics approach
22. Under which approach is it difficult to obtain the information required to evaluate all of the
consequences for all indirect and direct stakeholders? Teleological (or Consequential) approach
23. Which approach stresses community standards but is limited in business because in many areas of
business there is limited agreement about what the standards are? Virtue ethics approach
24. The consequentialist approach protects the rights of the minority. F
25. The ___________ states that an ethical decision should maximize benefits to society and minimize
harms. Principle of utility
26. Which of these approaches focuses on “What kind of world would this be if everyone behaved this way
or made this kind of decision in this type of situation?” Deontological approach
27. A ________ focuses on doing what is “right” (based on moral principles or values such as honesty),
whereas a _________ focuses on doing what will maximize societal welfare. Dont know
28. Which of these approaches focuses on doing what is “right” based on broad, absolute and universal
moral principles or values? Deontological approach
29. Business managers generally rely on the consequentialist approach. T
30. The _____ approach focuses more on the integrity of the moral actor (the person) than on the moral act
itself (the decision or behavior). Virtue ethics
31. A challenge involved in using a strictly consequentialist approach is that it is often difficult to obtain the
information required to evaluate all of the consequences for all stakeholders who may be directly or
indirectly affected by an action or decision. T
32. If you are asked to make hastily a decision that you believe raises potential ethical issues you should be
a good team player and proceed with the decision. F
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Quiz 1
http://studylib.net/doc/7243771/ch01---test-bank-instant
1. Cynicism directed towards businesses is often increased by the way that business and business leaders
are portrayed in all of the following except… Shareholder reports
2. _________ students may need more ethics training because research has found that they rank lower in
moral reasoning than other students. Business
3. Federal laws define what is ethical. Therefore, all unethical behavior is considered unlawful. False
4. It is unethical for managers to “control” employees’ ethical behavior through direct management and
the organization’s formal and informal cultural systems. False
5. The definition of ethics provided in the book focuses on _______. Conduct
6. Which of these is Adam Smith’s first book? The Theory of Moral Sentiments
7. Discarding the few “bad apples” will usually solve all of the ethical problems within an organization.
False
8. The Ethics Resource Center’s 2011 National Business Ethics Survey found that only _____ percent of
employees of for-profit enterprises report feeling pressured to compromise their ethical standards. 13
9. According to the authors, ethical behavior is defined as: principles, norms, and standards agreed upon
by society
10. According to the 2012 Edelman Trust Barometer, only _____ percent of Americans surveyed trust banks
to be ethical—a _____-point drop since 2008. 35; 34
11. Good character is the main factor determining whether an individual acts ethically within an
organization. False
12. According to the authors, most people are guided by a strict internal moral compass and will not be
swayed by organizational factors. False
13. For individuals, values can be defined as “one’s core beliefs about what is important, what is valued, and
how one should behave across a wide variety of situations.”. True
14. The U.S. Chamber of Commerce estimates that workplace theft costs U.S. businesses between $20
billion and $40 billion each year, and ______ are thought to be responsible for much of it. Customers
15. By ignoring the topic of ethical behavior, an organization may actually be encouraging unethical
behavior through benign neglect. True
16. The interest in business ethics is just a fad that has only recently been created by popular scandals (i.e.,
Enron, WorldCom, etc.) reported in the news.False
17. Parties who are affected by the business and its actions and who have an interest in what the business
does and how it performs are called _______. Stakeholders
18. The implosion of the financial markets in 2008 was largely the result of: Unethical activities
19. When employees come to an organization, they have already developed into “good” or “bad” apples.
Therefore, there is little a manager can do to impact an employee’s ethical behavior. False
20. In this book, the authors focus on _____________ factors because ____________: organization; these
factors can be directly controlled by managers
21. According to the authors, all of these are factors that laid the groundwork for the disaster in the United
States in 2008 EXCEPT: borrowing was expensive
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22. According to a national opinion survey, identify the goal that employees did not rank in the top five?
Good pay
23. Both characteristics of the environment and the individual contribute to unethical behavior. True
24. Ethical behavior can be influenced by: All of the above
25. Which of the following statements is true? Employees’ good behavior can be spoiled by a “bad barrel.”