History of International Organization

By: Kareem Kawa Kareem Rayati

Introduction:
An international organization is an organization with an international
membership, scope, or presence.

 An international organization is “a body that promotes voluntary cooperation

and coordination between or among its members.

There are two main types:

International non-governmental organizations (NGOs)
An international non-governmental organization (INGO) has the same
mission as a non-governmental organization (NGO), but it is international in
scope and has outposts around the world to deal with specific issues in many
countries.
Some INGOs are operational(primary purpose is to foster the community-
based organizations within each country via different projects and operations)&
some are advocacy-based( primary purpose is to influence the policy-making of
different countries’ governments regarding certain issues or promote the
awareness of a certain issue).
 TYPES OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
1) International Non-
Governmental Organizations

 Non-governmental organizations
(NGO) whose operate independently.

 Internationally non-profit
organizations

 Not affiliated with governments

 Nevertheless play an important role in

international politics

Examples:
 Indian Red Cross
 Amnesty international
 Save the Children
Types Of
International
Organizations
 Inter-governmental
organizations (IGOs)

An IGO is an organization
composed primarily of sovereign
states(member states), or of other
intergovernmental organizations.
IGOs are established by treaty or
other agreement that acts as a
charter(grant of authority/rights)
creating the group. Examples
include the United Nations, the
World Bank, or the European
Union.
2) INTERNATIONAL
GOVERNMENTAL
ORGANIZATIONS

 An IGO is an organization composed

primarily of sovereign states, or of other
intergovernmental organizations.

 IGOs form when governments make an

agreement or band together.

Examples:
 European Union (EU)
 United Nations (UN)
 World Trade Organization (WTO)
History
 The first and oldest intergovernmental
organization is the Central Commission for
Navigation on the Rhine, created in 1815 by
the Congress of Vienna.
 The Congress of Vienna was convened in
1815 by the four European powers which had
defeated Napoleon. The first goal was to
establish a new balance of power in Europe
which would prevent imperialism within
Europe, such as the Napoleonic empire, and
maintain the peace between the great
powers. The second goal was to prevent
political revolutions, such as the French
Revolution, and maintain the status quo.
continue
 It was a conference of ambassadors of European states
chaired by Austrian statesman Klemens Wenzel von
Metternich, and held in Vienna from September 1814 to
June 1815. The objective of the Congress was to
provide a long-term peace plan for Europe by settling
critical issues arising from the French Revolutionary
Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. The goal was not
simply to restore old boundaries but to resize the main
powers so they could balance each other off and remain
at peace. The leaders were conservatives with little use
for republicanism or revolution. France lost all its recent
conquests, while Prussia, Austria and Russia made
major territorial gains. Prussia added smaller German
states in the west and 40% of the Kingdom of Saxony;
Austria gained Venice and much of northern Italy.
Russia gained parts of Poland. The new Kingdom of the
Netherlands had been created just months before, and
included formerly Austrian territory that in 1830
becameBelgium.
Problems of The Congress of
Vienna
 Disagreement between Russia and
Prussia on the one hand and Britain and
Austria on the other about boundary
provisions in Eastern Europe led to a
threat of renewed hostilities. The new
French government, under the restored
Bourbon dynasty in the person of King
Louis XVIII, was enlisted as an ally by
the British. France was invited to send a
representative to the Congress of Vienna
and was, thereafter, involved as the fifth
great power of the Grand Alliance.
Agreement was reached avoiding war
The League of Nations, 1920

 The League of Nations was an

international organization,
headquartered in Geneva,
Switzerland, created after the First
World War to provide a forum for
resolving international disputes.
Though first proposed by President
Woodrow Wilson as part of his
Fourteen Points plan for an equitable
peace in Europe, the United States
never became a member.
Why the League Failed
 After the Abyssinian crisis, the League gradually died:
 Italy left the League in 1937. Few other countries left
the League, but all of them realised that it had failed -
instead they began to re-arm as fast as possible.
 During 1938, Britain and France tried a new policy -
'appeasement' (negotiating directly with Hitler); this
failed in 1939 when Hitler invaded Czechoslovakia.
 When war broke out in 1939, the League closed down;
its headquarters in Geneva remained empty throughout
the war.
 In 1943 - at a Conference in Tehran - America, Britain
and Russia agreed to set up a new international
organisation (the 'United Nations') when the war
finished.
 On 12 April 1946, the League met in Geneva and
formally abolished itself. The British delegate, Robert
Cecil, said: 'The League is dead. Long live the United
Nations'.
United Nations
 The United Nations (UN) is an international
organization created in 1945, shortly after the
end of WWII. The UN was formed by 51
countries in order to encourage resolution of
international conflicts without war and to form
policies on international issues. Like most
organizations, the UN was formed in order to
meet certain goals and purposes. Article I of
the Charter of United Nations specifies the
purposes of the UN. The Charter of United
Nations (UN Charter) is the UN's governing
document, much like the Constitution of the
United States of America.
The purpose of International
Organizations
 Relationships and interdependencies countries in the new
era, organizations require that their countries through
established relationships and controlled. Governments in
these international organizations or objectives have been
met, further cooperation will be provided. In this context, we
are witnessing the emergence of such needs and
international organizations in the sphere of politics and
international relations of the nineteenth century as well. «1»
3. maintaining peace and international security by the major
powers and control of two important international organization
"League of Nations" and "United Nations" So powerful and
victorious needs of countries at war to maintain peace and
international security, so that ensure their interests, came into
existence.
Continue
 The League of Nations and the United Nations, in fact,
meeting the victorious nations who want to be effective
in international politics, so that they are the mainstay of
international peace and security. In the community of
nations, powerful five-member "executive council" and
decisions about peace and war with them. At the United
Nations, the five veto powers and permanent members
of the Security Council. Decisions related to peace and
international security relies on the will of powerful
states.
 Stated goals of these organizations, although
maintaining international peace and security, but by
analyzing the mechanism of peacekeeping, to the
conclusion that the main goal, controlling and guiding
international relations and global politics in the interests
of big powers
Conclusion
 An international organization is “a body
that promotes voluntary cooperation and
coordination between or among its
members”
 But some times they are doing opposite of
the aim of established for it.
Thank You