SINGLY REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM

Design

1. A reinforced concrete beam has a width of 300mm and total depth of 600mm. The beam
will be design to carry a factored moment of 540 Kn-m. Concrete strength f’c= 28Mpa
and steel yield strength fy=248Mpa. Solve using the strength design method
a. Determine the balanced steel ratio in percent
b. Determine the minimum effective depth of the beam using a steel ratio ρ equal to 0.5
of balanced steel ratio
c. Determine the minimum effective depth of the beam using the maximum allowable
steel ratio

Solution:

Given:

b= 300mm f’c=28Mpa

h=600mm fy=248Mpa

Mu=540Kn-m 𝛽1 = 0.85

a.) Balanced steel ratio

0.85𝑓′𝑐𝛽1 600 0.85(28)(0.85)600

𝜌𝑏= 𝑓𝑦(600+𝑓𝑦)
= 248(600+248)

𝜌𝑏=.0577 =5.77%

b.) Effective Depth using 𝜌 = 0.5𝜌𝑏

𝜌 = 0.5(0.0577)=0.0289

𝜌𝑓𝑦 0.0289(248)
𝜔= 𝑓′𝑐
= 28
= 0.2556Type equation here.

𝑅𝑛 = 𝑓 ′ 𝑐 𝜔(1 − 0.59𝝎)=28(.2556)(1-.59(.2556))

𝑅𝑛 = 6.0776 𝑀𝑝𝑎

𝑀𝑢 = ∅𝑀𝑛 =∅𝑅𝑛 𝑏𝑑2

540 × 106 =0.90(6.0776)(300)𝑑2
𝑑 = 574𝑚𝑚

c.) Effective depth using 𝜌 = .75 𝜌𝑏

𝜌 = .75(0.0577)=0.0433

𝜌𝑓𝑦 0.0433(248)
𝜔= 𝑓′𝑐
= 28
-=0.3834

𝑅𝑛 = 𝑓′𝑐𝜔(1 − .59𝜔)=28(0.3834)(1-.59(.3834))=8.307Mpa

𝑀𝑢 = ∅𝑀𝑛 = ∅𝑅𝑢 𝑏𝑑2

 540 × 106 =0.90(8.307)(300) 𝑑2

d=491mm

2. A reinforced concrete beam has a width of 300mm and an overall depth of 480mm. The
beam is simply supported over a span of 5m. Steel strength fy=415Mpa and concrete
strength f’c=28Mpa. Concrete is 70mm from the centroid of the steel area. Unit weight of
concrete is 23.5 Kn/𝑚3 . Other than the weight of the beam, the beam carries a
superimposed dead load of 18 kN/m and a live load 0f kN/m. Use the strength design
method.
a. Determine the maximum factored moment on the beam
b. If the design ultimate moment capacity of the beam is 280 kN-m, determine the
required number of 20mm tension bars.
c. If the beam will carry a factored load of 240kN at midspan determine the required
number of 2omm tension bars

Solution:

Given:

b=300mm f’Type equation here.c=28Mpa

d=480-70=410mm 𝛽1 = 0.85

fy=415 Mpa 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛=1.4 = 0.00337

𝑓𝑦

Bar diameter,𝑑𝑏 =20mm

Weight of beam,𝑤𝑏 = 𝛾𝑐 𝐴𝑏 =23.5(0.3×0.48)=3.384 kN/m

a.) Maximum factored moment on the beam

Factored load, 𝑤𝑢 = 1.4(3.384 + 18) + 1.7(14)= 53.738 kN/m

Maximum factored moment

𝑤𝑢 𝐿2 53.738(5)2
𝑀𝑢 = 8
= 8
=167.93 Kn-m

b.) 𝑀𝑢 = 280 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

Solve for Mu max to determine whether compression steel is needed

0.85𝑓′𝑐𝛽1 600 0.85(28)(0.85)(600)
𝜌𝑏 = 𝑓𝑦(600+𝑓𝑦)
= 415(600+415) =0.02881

𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75𝜌𝑏 =0.02161

𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑓𝑦
𝜔𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑓′𝑐
=0.03203

𝑅𝑛𝑚𝑎𝑥 =f’c𝜔𝑚𝑎𝑥 (1-.59𝜔𝑚𝑎𝑥 )=7.274

𝑀𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑥 = ∅𝑅𝑛𝑚𝑎𝑥 b𝑑2 =330.14 Kn.m

Required 𝑀𝑢 = 280 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 < 𝑀𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑥 (Singly Reinforced)

𝑀𝑢 = ∅𝑅𝑛 𝑏𝑑2
280×106 =0.90𝑅𝑛 (300)(410)2

𝑅𝑛 = 6.169𝑀𝑝𝑎 Type equation here.

0.85𝑓′𝑐 2𝑅 0.85(28) 2(6.169)

𝜌= 𝑓𝑦
[1 − 𝑛
√1 − 0.85𝑓′𝑐 ]= 415
[1 − √1 − 0.85(28) ] =0.01755> 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛

As=𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.01755(300)(410)=2159𝑚𝑚2
𝜋
As=4 𝑑𝑏 2 𝑁

𝜋
2159=4 (20)2 𝑁

N= 6.9 say 7 bars

c.) 𝑃𝑢 = 240 𝐾𝑛 𝑎𝑡 𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛

𝑘𝑁
𝑤𝑑 = 3.384 𝑚
(𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚)

𝑃𝑢 𝐿 (1.4𝑤𝑑 )𝐿2
𝑀𝑢 = + =314.805 Kn.m < 𝑀𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑥 (Singly)
4 8

𝑀 314.805×106
𝑅𝑛 = ∅𝑏𝑑𝑢2 =0.90(300)(410)2 =6.936 MPa

0.85𝑓′𝑐 2𝑅𝑛 .85(28) 2(6.936)

𝜌= 𝑓𝑦
[1 − √1 − 0.85𝑓′𝑐 ]= 415
[1 − √1 − .85(28)
]=0.02031> 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛

As=𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.02031(300)(410) = 2498 𝑚𝑚2

𝜋
As= 𝑑𝑏 2 𝑁
4
𝜋
2498=4 (20)2 𝑁
N=7.95 say 8 bars