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x +z − z
2
2
I , II = x + xz
2
tg 2 =
2 2 x − z
tg I 0
Strut and tie models for beams
Compressed Strut strut
Compressed Strut
Compressed Strut
Tie
tie
Bars of the Truss:
= concentrations of the principal
stress field
- Have the same direction as the
trajectories of the principal stresses in
the most stressed areas, slightly
different directions when the intensity
of stress is not as large
Start working after the yield
of the longitudinal rebars
Compressed (TF or diagonal)
Web of the R.C. Beam
Tensioned (BF or Tie)
Ties
Truss models for beams
Simply supported beam
Other Truss Models
Deep Beam
Recommended value
Accidental Loads
Design of the nodes
Reccomended values
Design of ties
Dead, live loads
Yield limit
Accidental loads
Example- high beam
For
σx σy
τxy σI
σII αI, II
Determining the internal resultants of the
model
Determining design stresses for concrete, rebar and nodes
Rebar Design
Distributed on the
height 1.2h=360 mm
Design of the node at the support
C3
Results from
node geometry
Ex.: Corbel design
40 mm d= 360 mm
z = 0,8 d
Static non-determined
truss
Determined using principal stress
directions
Ex.: Short simply supported beam, with two concentrated loads