Chapter 9: Hydrograph of Runoff

1) A graph showing the rate of flow (discharge) versus time past a specific point in a river,
channel, or conduit carrying flow. (Ans. Hydrograph)
2) A direct runoff hydrograph resulting from one unit (one inch or one cm) of constant
intensity uniform rainfall occurring over the entire watershed. (Ans. Unit hydrograph)
3) 4 Unit Hydrograph Concept
Duration of rain
Time – intensity pattern
Areal distribution of runoff
Amount of runoff
4) Increasing the _____________________ lengthens the time base and lower the unit-
hydrograph peak. (Ans. Duration of the rainfall)
5) If one attempted to derive a separate unit hydrograph for each possible ___________ an
infinite number of unit hydrographs would be required. (Ans. Time intensity pattern)
6) The areal pattern of runoff can cause variations in hydrograph shape. (Ans. Areal pattern)
7) Defined as the hydrograph of one inch of direct runoff from a storm of specified duration.
(Ans. Unit Hydrograph)
8) Useful where estimates of flow volume are more important than detailed rates of flow, as,
for example, in analyzing the inflow to a reservoir. (Ans. Distribution Graph)
9) A unit hydrograph can also be developed by _____________. (Ans. successive
approximations)
10) A unit hydrograph is assumed and used to reconstruct the storm ____________. (Ans.
storm hydrograph)
11) The duration assigned to a unit hydrograph should be the duration of rainfall producing
significant runoff. This should be determined by inspection of ___________________.
(Ans. hourly-rainfall data)
12) A unit hydrograph for a ___________ of rainfall can be used to develop hydrographs for
storm of longer duration. (Ans. short duration)
13) Higher runoff in the _____________ of the basin produces a slow rise and recession and a
lower, broader peak. (Ans. upstream portion)
14) If the area of high runoff is near the_______________, a rapid rise, sharp peak, and rapid
recession usually result. (Ans. basin outlet)
15) This is predicted on the assumption that the time bases of all hydrographs resulting from
storms of a given duration are constant. (Ans. Amount of runoff)
16) 1. Can be derived only if records are available.
Unit hydrographs
17) 2. Most frequently defined as “the time from the centroid of rainfall to the hydrograph
peak.”
Basin Lag
18) 3. The first synthetic-unit-hydrograph procedure was presented by
Snyder
19) 4-5. They also derived an expression for the unit-hydrograph peak in the same form but with
more complex expressions for the coefficient and exponent.
Taylor and Schwarz
20) 6. It has been demonstrated on the basis of uniform production of runoff.
Application of a unit hydrograph
21) 7. It is the sum of all the incremental hydrograph and estimated base flow.
Total hydrograph
22) 8. He made tests on long flumes at various slopes and with various surfaces.
Izzard
23) 9. It gives cross-sectional area of the waterway rather than peak flow.
Talbot formula
24) 10. It is of the same form except that the fifth root is used.
McMath formula