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Aminbhavi & Hegde Consulting and Engineers Pvt. Ltd.
Dharwad 2018
CHAPTER 1
1.1 About the Company
Aminbhavi & Hegde Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd., an ISO 9001:2008 certified firm, is
a multi-disciplinary consulting firm that provides Civil, Structural, Water & Irrigation,
Environmental, Transportation, Project Management and Construction Engineering Solutions for
clients in both the private and public sectors. With nearly 40 years of experience, Aminbhavi &
Hegde Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. is widely regarded as one of the top design firms in India
for planning & design of Civil Infrastructure projects, having worked on several marquee
projects all over India and abroad.
They are offering of high-quality engineering and planning solutions, coupled with their
commitment to set new standards in client service, continues to turn new clients into lifelong
advocates & has been the foundation of our success for over 40 years.
Founded in 1973 by two visionary Engineers, Mr. V.R. Aminbhavi & Mr. R.K. Hegde,
the firm has grown from strength to strength over the years with the sole objective of rendering a
wide spectrum of professional services, knowledge and experience necessary for the
development of Civil Infrastructure of the society. The Company motto is “getting the job done
right is a given. Building strong relationships with their clients is essential. Being committed to
client’s goals is Vital."
The in house expertise for Design, System Analysis, Quality Assurance System, and
financial Milestone Achievements supported by well planned and state of the art infrastructure
aided by highly competitive and experienced professionals gives them an edge over others.
Quality Assurance System is further strengthened with the setting up of their own laboratory
equipped with latest testing Equipments like Rebound Hammer ND Testing, Ultra Sonic Pulse
Velocity Testing Equipment etc.,
Each assignment is under the direct supervision of a Project Director who is responsible
for engaging the appropriate team comprising of skilled Engineers with vast experience in
different branches of Engineering from within the Organization. A Technical Advisory Team is
formed to plan and control the performance of work of every assignment. This QC system honed
over 40 years ensures strict quality control & adherence to the time schedule of the project.
Following are some of the main Clients / Customers who they work for TATA Motors,
TATA-Marco polo, TELCON, Kirloskar Ferrous Industries, BEML, West Coast Paper Mills,
GSUDA, Goa, KREIS, KRWSA, KIADB, KFCSC, BTDA.
Shree Devi Institute of Technology Mangalore Page 1

Aminbhavi & Hegde Consulting and Engineers Pvt. Ltd. Dharwad 2018
Company logo:-
1.2 Company Profile

 Company Name: Aminbhavi & Hegde Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd.
 Year of Establishment: 1973.
 Established By: Mr. V.R. Aminbhavi & Mr. R.K. Hegde
Location: Aminbhavi & Hegde Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. 1st Floor, Railway
Station Rd,UCB Complex, Malmaddi, Dharwad, Karnataka.
 Type of Construction: Residential, Heavy Engineering Shops, Foundries, Automobile
Plants and Ancillary Units, Survey, Planning and Design of Irrigation Network.
1.3 Mission and Vision

1.3.1 Mission
 Be responsive to customer needs, delivering optional solutions and value-added services.
 Ensure sustainable growth and professional excellence using stat of the art technology,
process-driven approaches, eco-friendly solutions and IT enabled tools.
 Foster culture of mutual trust, respect, teamwork, continuous learning, innovation,
challenge and employee empowerment to provide a growth-oriented workplace
 Adhere to fair, transparent and ethical practices in interactions with all stakeholders, in
keeping the tents of good corporate citizenship
Remain flexible and agile, continually adapting to the changing business environment
1.3.2 Vision
To become a leading integrated engineering solutions provider in the global pro sector,
continuously creating value for our stake holders.
1.4 Roles and Responsibilities of the Company

Responsibility - Provide high quality construction at economical cost to customers, thereby
gaining their confidence and satisfaction Ensure Health and Safety of all its employees Protect
the environment against pollution infrastructure and eco-friendliness.
 Registration of site and obtaining necessary permits, approvals etc.

 Making arrangements for electricity, water, accommodation.
 Mobilization of manpower and equipment’s.

 Managing manpower which include site engineers, supervisors, other employees, workers.
 Implementation of project quality, safety & environment requirements.
 Procurement, stores, planning, designing.
1.5 Consultation
Leveraging our expertise in the construction industry, our consulting services start at single-project
consultation and stretch into multi-location and multi-project consultation.
Our consultation verticals provide a client with the best of concepts and revolve around:
 Material Management
 Project Management
 Progress Monitoring and Time Scheduling
 Budgeting and Costing
 Safety and Health Management
 Manpower Management
 Quality and Quantity Review
‘Value engineering’ is a systematic approach to increasing the value of engineering services
provided. We create a balance between the improvement of core functions and reduction of costs.
Our approach of generating value makes it possible for us to offer enhanced quality management,
simplified procedures, lowered staff costs, optimized construction expenditures, minimized
paperwork, improved resources, procedural efficacy and Building Information Systems.
1.6 Major Milestone

Following are some of the major milestone of the company
 . MDRS Complexes in North Karnataka for KREIS Bangalore.

 Market Complex at Upper Bazaar, PONDA, GOA
 Convention Centre for HDMC, Hubli
 Karnataka Agro Protients Ltd. Raichur
 Bhoruka Textiles Ltd, Sattur, Dharwad
 Tiwac Industries, Dharwad
 Sewage Treatment Plant at KIMS, Hubli
1.6.1 Current Projects

1.4 ONGOING PROJECT
 Construction of Hospital Building located near TATA MARCOPOLO

MOTORS LIMITED at the Belur Industrial area, Garag Road, Post: Mummigatti,
Dharwad.
 CC Road Construction located Near Hospital at ward no. 12 of zone no. 03,
Dharwad.
 Construction of 3BHK Residence and Cottages located near Yoga and
Naturopathy Hospital, Daddi kamalapur, Alnavar Road, Goa Highway, Dharwad.
 Industrial Shed located near Ovrseas Traders, Gamangatti Industrial area,
Dharwad.
1.5 OVERALL ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE

Each and every personnel is considered to be an asset to the organization. Man Management
plays an important role in project execution; hence a dedicated team of trained and experienced
personnel are deputed to each job location. Organization also involves superb asset management
– be it Plant and Machinery, Project controls, Purchase management etc. Each aspect of project
operation is meticulously looked into to ensure the best productivity in a project with a personal
touch.
The top management team looks into the finest aspect of the project controls and have
established a CORE corporate team which encompasses departments such as Legal,
Administration, Liaison, Customer Service, Maintenance, Sales and Marketing.
1.6 SERVICES OFFERED BY THE COMPANY
A) Industrial structures like Sugar Plants, Power Co-Generation Plants, and Distilleries.
B) Industrial projects
C) Institutional buildings
D) Feasibility and detailed engineering for water supply and irrigation projects
E) Commercial
F) Effluent treatment plants
G) Cooling towers
H) Housing projects
1.6 QUALITY POLICY
 Develop & construct Residential & Commercial premises & provide allied Support
services on par with the highest Quality Assurance to our esteemed clients
 Consistently maintain the Product and support Service Quality to match the best in the
Industry
 Meet customer requirements & excel in the same
 To continually improve the Project Management Processes by taking timely Corrective
and Preventive actions based on previous Experience

 Ensure compliance to all regulatory & statutory bodies to which we subscribe
 Maintain Continual Professional Development (CPD) through Measurement,
Performance Evaluation, Review & Training
 Maintain an effective QMS & meet safety Requirements
 Implement innovative Technologies in all our Activities
 Disseminate the above policy to all employees & connected people of the Organization
CHAPTER 2: ABOUT THE DEPARMENT
Director
HR Sales Purchase QS Billing Accountant
Dept. Dept. Dept. Dept. Dept. Dept.
Civil Construction PMC
Dept.
While architects and some sections of the engineering profession carry out the designs of
buildings,
the execution is the role of Builders, the project manager and the necessary technical supporting
personnel.
DIRECTOR:- ( MR. V R AMINBHAVI)

The Director is responsible for planning and managing all construction activities. Director set
goals and create plans for achieving them and to efficiently execute them using suitable
strategies.

HUMAN RESOURCES DEPARTMENT:- ( Mr. Iftekhar Dodmani)

The H&R department is responsible for staff recruitment and training, record keeping,
compensation and benefits, insurance, and employee relations.
SALES DEPARTMENT: The sales department is responsible for market research, marketing
strategy, sales, advertising, promotion, pricing, product development, and public relations
activities
PURCHASE DEPARTMENT: Purchasing department’s main role is purchasing supplies and

materials used in the projects and company daily needs. They need to compare among different
suppliers and finding the items with correct prices and qualities.
QUANTITY SURVEYOR DEPARTMENT: A quantity surveyor should be called upon in the

early stages of consultation because of their expertise in construction costs. QS should prepare
first of all, a cost plan as soon as the brief is settled, an approximate cost from sketch drawings,
elemental cost checks during design, so that, should the client’s sum be exceeded, the designers
can consider each element of the building project in reasonable isolation, enabling him to pair
costs as necessary, within the total cost limit of the project. QS is responsible for figuring out just
what a construction project is going to cost
BILLING DEPARTMENT: This department is responsible for the company’s internal and
external financial reporting. Internal financial reporting consists of such items as the financial
statements, budget variance reports and job financial performance reports that management uses
to monitor the company’s financial status. External financial reporting consists of financial
statements prepared using generally accepted accounting standards, plus any specific reports that
bankers, equipment lenders, sureties and prospective customers may request.
ACCOUNTS DEPARTMENT: The responsibilities and objectives include monitoring the

company’s profitability, liquidity, and solvency while ensuring timely and accurate financial
reporting and making sure that the company has established and maintains an effective set of
internal accounting controls. The financial department is responsible for management of the
company’s cash flow and ensuring there are sufficient funds available to meet the day to day
payments.
CIVIL CONSTRUCTION DEPARTMENT: The engineer department is responsible for the

planning of the construction project. This includes conducting surveys, engaging in research,
analyzing results, planning the construction and supporting all technical issues during the project.
Engineers are very important members of the design team whose responsibilities are to assist in
the overall design of the project within the scope of their specialist fields. Engineers such as
geotechnical, structural, electrical, mechanical, and will so on, will carry out various analyses
and calculations before arriving at the optimal design solution for a specific building. Thereafter,
they will produce drawings, specifications, schedules and other relevant data that may be
required for the overall design of the project and to assist the quantity surveyor in the preparation
of bills of quantities and costing and the client in his assessment of the suitability of the project,
regarding statutory requirements. During project execution stage, engineers should visit the site

periodically for inspections to ensure that in general, the work being carried out is in compliance
with their engineering drawings, schedules and specifications. They must also be available to
modify or re-design their individual aspects as may become necessary. Also some projects may
require the services of resident engineers on the building project site.
PROJECT MANAGEMENT CONSULTANT (PMC): It forms the external part of the
company. It is responsible for scheduling and managing for each project. The project manager
needs to decide the budget, assign employees and their duties to complete the job, oversee the
safety of workers. They need to make sure the construction work can be well completed
according to the contract.
The role of the client PMC at site is to inspect quality of materials and the workmanship to
ensure that they all comply with drawings and specifications. The person capable of inspecting
materials and the workmanship of works must be a professional that is well trained in building
construction, and with training in project management. However, the size, type and complexity
of a particular building project may make it necessary to have in addition to the project manager.
2.2 SAFETY DEPRTMENT

Construction workers need to be properly trained and educated on the task or job before working,
which will assist in preventing injuries and deaths. For this reason a safety in charge will be
present at the site. He is responsible for the safety of the workers.
2.2.1 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT USED AT SITE

Personal protective equipment (PPE) refers to protective clothing, helmets, goggles, or other
garments or equipment designed to protect the wearer's body from injury or infection. The
hazards addressed by protective equipment include physical, electrical, heat, chemicals,
biohazards, and airborne particulate matter. Protective equipment may be worn for job-related
occupational safety and health purposes, as well as for sports and other recreational activities.
"Protective clothing" is applied to traditional categories of clothing, and "protective gear" applies
to items such as pads, guards, shields, or masks, and others.
Fig 2.2 Workers working in site with safety belt, helmet, shoes and glove
The purpose of personal protective equipment is to reduce employee exposure to hazards when
engineering controls and administrative controls are not feasible or effective to reduce these risks

to acceptable levels. PPE is needed when there are hazards present. PPE has the serious
limitation that it does not eliminate the hazard at source and may result in employees being
exposed to the hazard if the equipment fails. All workers are trained to understand how the
program works and how to carry out the responsibilities assigned to them under the program
1. Safety induction training for staff :
It includes-
• Use of PPE and its maintenance
• Tool box meeting
• House keeping
• Operation of machinery or vehicles
• Electrical safety
• Safety signage
• Ban on child labor employment
• Work permits
• First aid availability
• Unsafe act or method and disciplinary action
• Reporting of incidents, near miss cases
• Safety audit and action taken report
• Legal requirements
• Safety in a line responsibility

CHAPTER 3
TASK PERFORMED
3.2 ESTIMATION
An estimate is the anticipated or approximate cost of work and is usually prepared before
the construction is taken up.
To prepare an estimate following details required:

 Drawings consisting of the plan, the elevation and the sections through important points.
 Detailed specification giving specification description of all workmanship, properties and

proportion of materials.
3.2.1 Procedure followed for estimation:

 Correct dimensions are taken from drawings and measurement sheet are
prepared.
 The quantities of various items calculated by simple measurements.
 With the help of schedules of rates rate analysis is prepared.
3.2.2 Purpose of Estimate

 Probable cost to be made ready for taking up project.
 To obtain administrative approval in case of public construction.
 To ascertain the quantities of materials Ex: Cement , Steel , Aggregates ,etc.
 To ascertain the quantity of manpower .
 To ascertain the quantity
 To fix up a construction schedule.
 To justify the benefit cost ratio.
 To invite tenders and prepare bills for payments.
3.2.3 Different Types of Estimates

1. Preliminary estimate or approximate or abstract or rough estimate.
2. Plinth area estimate.
3. Cube rate estimate.
4. Approximate quantity method estimate.

5. Detailed estimate.
6. Annual repair & maintenance estimate.
3.2.4 Preliminary estimate

This is an approximate estimate made to find out an approximate cost in short time and thus
enable the responsible authority concerned to consider the financial aspects of the scheme, for
according sanction to the same. The approximate estimate is prepared from the practical
knowledge and cost of the similar work.
The preliminary estimate may be prepared by various ways such as:
i. Per unit basis.

ii. Plinth area basis.
iii. Cubic content basis.
iv. Approximate quantity method.
Plinth area estimate
Plinth areas should be calculated by taking the dimension of the building at the plinth. Courtyard
and other open areas should not be included in the plinth areas. This areas also can find out by
walls area of the building plus floor area of the room.
Plinth area estimate is calculated by finding the plinth area of the building and multiplying by
the plinth area rate.
Cube rate estimate
Cube rate estimate is a preliminary estimate and is prepared on the basis of the cubical contents
of the building. The cube rate being determined from the cost of the similar building having
similar specifications and construction, in the locality.
This is calculated by finding the cubical contents of the building (length*breadth*height) and
multiplying it by the cube rate.
3.1.3 Approximate quantity method estimate

In this method approximate total length of walls is found in running meter and total length
multiplied by the rate per running meter of wall gives fairly accurate cost. For this method the
plan of line plan of the structure should be available.
Detailed Estimate or Item Rate Estimate

Detailed estimate is an accurate estimate and consists of working out the quantities of each item
of works and working the cost. The detailed estimate is prepared in two stages:
 Details of measurements and calculation of quantities-The details of

measurements of each item of work are taken out correctly from plan and drawings
and quantities under each item of work are computed in a tabular form.
Table.1 Details of measurement form

Item Particulars no Length Breadth Depth Quantity
No.
Abstract of estimated cost-The cost of each item of work is calculated in tabular form
from the quantities already computed an total cost is worked out in abstract of estimate Form.
The rates of different items of work are taken from schedule of rates or from rate analysis.
Table.2 Abstract of estimate form

Item Particulars Quantity Unit Rate Per Amount
no
A percentage of 3 to 5% is added for contingencies, to allow for unforeseen expenditures,

etc. And 1 ½ to 2% added to meet the expenditure of work charged establishment. The grand
total thus obtained is the estimated cost of work.
The detailed estimate is accompanied with:(a)report(b)specification(c)detailed drawings

showing plan, different section, key or index plan, etc.(d)design data and calculations (e)
basis of rates adopt in the estimate
Such a detailed estimate is prepared for technical sanction, administrative approval and also
for execution of a contract with the contractor.
Annual repair and maintenance estimate

Annual repair and maintenance estimate is a detailed estimate and is prepared to maintain
the structure or work in proper order and safe condition. For building, this includes white
washing, colour washing, painting, minor repairs, etc. For road works the estimate provides
for patch repairing, renewals, repair of bridges and culverts, etc.
The following are the some of the annual repair works listed for building.
1) . Painting work.
a. White washing.
b. Colour washing
c. Distempering.
d. Snocem / supercem painting for external walls.
e. Repainting doors, windows and ventilators.
2) Water proofing terrace/Bath room / Toilets.
3) Relaying new type of flooring.
4) Floor polishing.
5) Repair of plumbing and electrical fixtures.
6) Minor repairs, etc.
Estimate cost & construction cost

An estimate is the probable cost of construction cost of construction for a work, worked out from
the dimension on the drawings and the scheduled rates at the time of preparation of the estimate.
But the actual cost of construction can be known from the physical measurements of dimensions
for various items of works at site and actual rates of all such items of works during execution of
the work. Since all expenses for all probabilities can be known only when the construction is
completed, generally estimated cost & actual cost differs. Hence all estimates are approximates
in nature and the difference between the estimated cost and actual cost must be minimum.
Schedule of rates
Schedule of rates is a list of rates of various items of works. To facilitate the preparation of
estimates, and also to serve as a guide in setting rates in connection with contract agreements, a

guide in setting rates for all items of work is maintained in the engineering department in the
form of a printed book known as “ Schedule of rates book”.
Rate per unit of various items of work and materials, rates of wages of labour and rate of
transport are given in the “Schedule of rates book”. P.W.D. maintains printed schedule of rates
for various item of work and estimate is prepared with these rates. The schedule of rate is
prepared on the basis of analysis of rates, usually, transport of materials up to rates book then the
rates revised and a new “schedule of rates book” is prepared.
Administrative approval or sanction

Administrative sanction are formal approval and concurrence given by an administrative
department government for a work or project for which preliminary estimate has been framed by
the P.W.D., to meet the needs of department requiring work.(The department looking after the
construction works of government is known as public work department). A proposal is sent to
P.W.D. by any other department for its requirement. The P.W.D. studies the proposal, and if it is
found sound, a report along with the preliminary estimate is sent to the department concerned for
its approval. It denotes the formal acceptance by the department to take up the work.
Technical sanction
Technical sanction means the sanction of the detailed estimate, design calculations, quantities of
works, rate and cost of the work by the competent authority of the engineering department. After
the technical sanction of the estimate is given , then only the work is taken up for construction.
This sanction guarantees that the proposals are structurally sound, and the estimate is accurately
calculated based on adequate data.
Regular Establishment
Both permanent and temporary employees are included in the regular establishment, their
salaries and allowances are drawn on monthly on regular pay bills from the treasure. The
payment to each is made after taking receipt on the pay bill. The salary is met from the budget
grant under the head establishment. Their services are governed by CIVIL SERVICE RULES.
The permanent establishments are not liable for retrenchment and they are entitled for leave,
pension and other amenities as per service rules. They may be recruit either public service
commission of committee or employment exchange.
Work Charged Establishment

The work charged establishment are the employees such as chaukidars, work supervisors,
mastery’s, etc., who are employed direct on the work for actual execution of a specific work or
for the supervision. Payment is charged direct to the work for which provision is made in the

estimate of the work by adding 2 to 3% over the estimated amount of work. The appointment of
these employees is done by executive engineer.
Contingencies
The term ‘contingencies, indicates the incidental expenses of miscellaneous character which
cannot be classified under any distinct item or sub head. To meet such unforeseen expenses,
about 3 to 5% of the estimated cost, is provided in the total amount may be utilized with the
sanction of competent authority to meet expenses of extra item of work.
Lump sum item

This is the item of work which is very difficult to measure or assess during its execution and a
lump sum rate is provided in the estimate.
Tools and plants

For a large project it becomes necessary , to use special type of tools and plants. The cost of
such special tools and plants which are not for general use is borne by the work concerned. So ,
in order to purchase such type of special equipments an amount of 1% to 1 ½% of the estimated
cost is provided in the estimate.
Plinth area
The plinth area is the built up covered area measured at the floor level of the basement or of any
storey of building. Plinth area can be calculated by taking the external dimensions of the building
excluding plinth offsets.
Floor Area
The floor area is plinth area less the area of the walls. Floor area refers to the area of all rooms,
including kitchen, store, W.C, Bath, verandah, corridor and all such areas on plinth excluding of
area walls.
Carpet Area
 Verandah.
 Corridor and passage.
 Entrance hall and porch.
 Bath room and lavatory and unusable area in living
 Kitchen and pantry.

 Store.
 Canteen.
 Shaft and machine room.
 Air conditioning duct and plant room.
 Shaft for sanitary piping.
Method of Taking out Measurements for Obtaining Quantities

The procedure by which the quantities of the various items in a particular structure are worked
out is known as the taking out quantities.
General Rules
1. Measurement shall be item wise for the finished item of work.
2. In booking dimensions the order shall in sequence of length, breadth & height.
3. All work shall be measured net subject to following tolerances unless otherwise stated.
a. Dimension shall be measured to the nearest .01m.
b. Areas shall be worked out to the nearest .01sqm.
c. Cubical contents shall be worked out to nearest .01cum
4. Same type of work under different condition and nature shall be measured under
separately under separate items.
5. The bill of quantities shall fully describe the materials, proportion and workmanship and
accurately represent the work to be executed.
6. In case of structural concrete, brick work or stone masonry, the work under the each
category shall be measured separately and height shall be described.
a. From foundation to plinth level.
b. From plinth level to first level.
c. From first floor level to second level & so on.
Units
 Mass, volume and thick works shall be taken in cubic unit or volume. The
measurement of length , breadth , depth or thickness shall be taken to compute
volume.
 Shallow , thin and surface work shall be taken in square unit. The measurement of
length and breadth or height shall be taken to compute the area.(viz., sqm).
 Long and thin work shall be taken in linear or running unit and linear measurement
shall be taken. (viz., running meter).

 Piece work, job work, etc, shall be taken in number.
Item specification
Earth work shall be taken in cum and the length, breadth and depth shall be measured to get
cubic content.
For Earthwork in different kinds of soil such as ordinary soil, hard soil, rock, etc ., shall be
measured under separate item of work.
The measurements of excavation for every 1.5m depth are taken separately similarly for
different leads also, the measurements are taken separately.
Earthwork in Filling
 For foundation filling, the volume is calculated in cum. Considering the low rate of earth
filling the quantity is usually taken as 1/5th the volume of earth work in excavation.
 For plinth filling, the volume is calculated in cum. The internal length and breadth of
room are taken and multiplied by depth of filling is taken from the ground level to the
bottom of floor structure.
Concrete
 The foundation concrete is measured in cubic meters. The length and width being the
same as in excavation, the depth is measured as per actual concrete laid.
 The plain cement concrete work is measured in cubic meters.
 R.C.C. slab cement concrete work is measured in cubic meters.
 R.C.C. lintel, beams and columns are measured in cubic meters. In case of R.C.C beams,
clear rib section projecting below or above the roof slab is taken for beam measurement.
The height of R.C.C. column is measured up to the bottom of the beam or slab as the case
may be.
 R.C.C. stair measured in terms of numbers of steps. The half landing and quarter landing
are considered as equivalent to four steps and two steps respectively.
 R.C.C. weather proof course is measured in square meters and clear projection is taken
for the measurement.
 The damp proof course is measured in square meters and the depth of the course is
specified.
 The pre cast cement concrete jail work or louvers are measured in square meters and the
thickness is specified.

 The pre cast concrete posts, struts, etc. Are measured in cubic meters.
 Form work, centering and shuttering shall be taken under separate item in sqm.
 For R.C.C works, steel reinforcement shall be measured separate item in quintal.
Brickwork
The brickwork is measured in cubic meter for one brick wall to three brick wall to three brick
walls. For bricks (module brick ) of size 19cm*9cm*9cm, the thickness of walls for one to three
brick walls shall be respectively 20cm, 30cm, 40cm,50cm,and 60cm.
For brick nominal size 22.9cm*11.4cm*7.6cm, the thickness of wall for one brick thick shall be
22.9cm.
If the thickness of wall is more than three bricks. The actual thickness in measured to the nearest
one centimeter.
The half brick partition wall and the walls having thickness less than half brick are measured in
sqm.
It should be noted that while taking measurements of the brickwork, the walls are treated as
solid walls without any openings, but after the measurements are completed, the deductions are
made for doors, windows, ventilators, lintels, bearings of beams, etc,.
Stonework
 The stonework is measured in cubic meters. The thickness of the wall is to be measured
to the nearest one centimeter. Different kind of stone masonry as random or uncoursed or
ashlar, etc., shall be taken under separate items. The specification should give full
description for the cut-stonework in steps, cornices, etc,.
 The stonework for shelves, weather sheds and slabs is measurement in sqm.
 It should be noted that while taking measurements of the stone work, the walls are treated
as solid walls without any openings, but after the measurements are completed, the
deductions are made for doors, windows, ventilators, lintels, bearings of beams, etc.
Woodwork
In case of woodwork, the type of the material used and the quantity of finish required should be
clearly mentioned in the specifications. The rate for any type of woodwork includes fabrication,

fixation, fastenings, fixtures and three coats of oil paint. The measurement are taken of the net
work done no consideration is given to the wastage of the matrial, however, the tolerance of
2mm is allowed.
Plastering
The thickness of the plastering and the type of mortar are mentioned in the specification. The
measurements of the plastering are recorded in sqm.
The bonds in plaster having thickness of 30 cm or less are measured in running meters.
Pointing
The type of pointing and quality of the mortar are mentioned in the specifications. The
measurements are taken as the whole flat surface in square meters.
Steelwork
 The grillwork in windows is measured in square meters.
 The rolling steel shutters are measured square meters of the opening covered or actual
area of the shutters. Sometimes, they are measured per no and the size mentioned.
 The steel doors, windows and ventilators are measured in square meters and the
measurements are taken overall. The description of various members is to be given.
 The plan rolled sections, built up work , steel bars are paid by weight in quintals.
Roof Coverings
 The roof coverings are measured flat without any laps and are paid per square meters and
no extra amount is paid for any wastage, cutting, etc.
 The ridges, hops and valleys are measured in running meters.
Floor Finishers
The measurements of floor finishes are taken in square meter for the net area covered. No extra
amount is paid for wastage of the materials.
Painting
The item of painting is measured in square meters. The measurements are taken flat and then,
multiplied by a suitable coefficient to compensate for mouldings,rebates,corrugations,etc .
The painting work having width less than 10 centimeters is measured in running meters.

Water Supply Connections

 The item of galvanized iron or cast iron pipe line is measured in running meters for the
length laid and no extra amount is paid for the specials such as bends, tees, etc. the
measurement is taken along the centre line of the pipe line.
 The bib cocks, wheels valves, stop cocks,etc.,are described in detail and paid per number.
Table.3 Unit of Measurements for Different Items of Work

SL.NO DESCRIPTION OF WORK UNITS
1 Earthwork in excavation in any type of soil. Cum
2 Earthwork in filling, sand filling. Cum
3 Surface dressing, leveling and cleaning. Sqm
4 Cement concrete in foundation bed, R.C.C work for footing, plinth beams, Cum
beams, pedestals, columns, lintel, beams, floor slabs, roof slabs.
5 Stone masonry work in all types and in all thickness. Cum
6 Stone work for cladding, wall facing, etc. Sqm
7 Stone work in sills, steps, cornices, columns, lintels, coping, etc. Cum
8 Brick masonry one or more than one brick wall. Cum

9 10cm or half brick walls Sqm
10 Brick work in cornices, string courses, drip courses, etc. Rm
11 Form work, shuttering and centering for concrete. Sqm
12 Reinforcement. Quintal
13 Damp proof course (D.P.C) Sqm
14 Expansion joints in concrete. Rm
15 Hollow or solid concrete block wall. Cum
16 Terraced roofing tiles, bricks or stone slabs
17 Tiled roofing
18 Ridges, hips and valley , eave tiles.
19 A.C OR G.I sheet roofing. Sqm
20 Water proofing on roof. Sqm
21 All type of flooring. Sqm
22 Dado Sqm
23 Skirting Rm
24 Door and window shutters. Sqm
25 Wood work in door and window frames, roof trusses, etc. Cum
26 Hand rails Rm
27 Steel work in trusses and structure steel work. Quintal
28 Cast iron works Kg

30 Steel shuttering, collapsible gate, grill, steel doors and windows, iron gate, Sqm
expanded metal works.
31 Plastering and pointing work. Sqm
32 White washing, colour washing, distempering, painting walls, painting sqm
doors and windows, painting steel work
33 Water supply and sanitary pipe lines. number
R.C.C- The full form of RCC is reinforced cement concrete. Cement concrete is strong in
compressive strength but weak in tensile strength. Steel bars used in cement concrete provide
good strength to the structure.
PCC– PCC is used below footings and plinth beam to separate soil and RCC and also to give
level surface below footing. PCC or plain provided over well compacted soil below the main
foundation, PCC is plain cement concrete
Slab - A large, thick, flat piece of stone or concrete, typically square or rectangle in shape.
Walls-Is a structure that defines an area, carries a load, or provides shutter or security.
Shuttering – Wood in planks or strips used as a temporary structure to setting concrete, to

support the sides of trenches, or similar.
Filling- A quantity of soft material that fills or is used to fill something.
Raft- Is a type of foundation. Below raft also you will have PCC
Rafter- Is one of a series of sloped structural members that extend from the ridge or hip to the
wall plate, down slope perimeter roof deck and its associated loads. A pair of rafters is called a
couple.
Purlin- in structural engineering or building, a purlin is a horizontal structural member in a

roof. Purlin support the loads from the roof deck or sheathing and are supported by the principal
rafter and/ or the building walls, steel beams etc.
Gutter- Surface water collection channel is a component of water discharge system for a
building.
Plates –A plate is a structural element which is characterized by two key properties.
Cleat – A t- shaped piece of metal or wood on a boat or ship, to which ropes are attached.
Formula- For unit weight of steel = D^2/162.28kg/m.
Bolts- A bolt is a form of treaded fastener with an external main thread. Bolts are closely
related to, and often confused with, screws.
Slicing-When the length of reinforcement bar has to be extended in reinforced concrete

structural member splicing is used to join two reinforcement bars to transfer the force from one
bar to the joining bar. The forces are transferred from one bar to the other through bonds in
concrete.
Tie beam- A horizontal beam connecting two rafters in a roof or roof trust.
Base plate- A flat supporting plate or frame at the base of a column, designed to distribute the
columns weight over a greater area and provide increased stability.

Table. 4 Estimation of RCC structures of machine shop
Description Nos L B D Qty Unit

1 Excavation 1 45.85 1.4 2.35 150.8465 cum
2 45.2 1.4 2.35 297.416 cum
Total = 448.2625 cum
2 Filling
Excavation 451.552 cum
PCC bed 19.215 cum
RCC 138.075 cum
Total = 294.262 cum
3 PCC in (1:4:8) 1 46.85 1.4 0.1 6.559 cum
2 45.2 1.4 0.1 12.656 cum
Total = 19.215 cum
RCC Work in (1:1.5:3)
4 M20
RCC Raft 1 46.85 1.2 0.15 8.433 cum
2 45.2 1.2 0.15 16.272 cum
Wall 2 46.85 0.1 1 9.37 cum

4 45.2 0.1 1 18.08 cum
Slab 1 46.85 1.2 0.1 5.622 cum

2 45.2 1.2 0.1 10.848 cum
Total = 68.625 cum
5 Shuttering
RCC Raft 2 46.85 0.15 14.055 sqm
8 45.2 0.15 54.24 sqm
wall 2 46.85 1 93.7 sqm
8 45.2 1 361.6 sqm
Slab 1 46.85 1.2 56.22 sqm
2 45.2 1.2 108.48 sqm
Sides 2 46.85 0.1 9.37 sqm
4 45.2 0.1 18.08 sqm
TOTAL = 715.745 sqm
`

Table. 5 Estimation of steel quantity of machine shop
Name of the Unit Qty*Uni

SL NO bar No Qty Unit Wt Unit t wt Unit
24.70 Kg/cu
1 RCC Raft 1 5 cum 100 m 2470.5 Kg
Kg/cu
2 Wall 1 27.45 cum 100 m 2745 Kg
19.21 Kg/cu
3 Slab 1 5 cum 100 m 1921.5 Kg
Total 7137 Kg
7.137 Tonnes

Table .6 Estimation of Fuel Godawan
Unit Steel in
Nos L B D Qty Unit
SI.NO Description Wt Kg
Details @ A
1 M20 - 4# 500Lg 8 0.5 4 1.5 Rmt 14.81
2 12mm thk Plates 16 0.25 0.3 0.012 0.014 7850 sqm 113.04
3 Halfcut ISMB 250 3 2.9 8.7 18.65 Rmt 162.255
4 12mm thick splicing 12 0.28 0.195 0.012 0.008 7850 sqm 15

ISMC 125 purlin and
10 11.3 113 13.3 Rmt 1202.32
5 cleat
Details @ B
6 Chair base plate 8 0.3 0.25 0.012 0.007 7850 sqm 56.52
7 Stiffer 10mm thick 2 0.275 0.125 0.01 7E-04 7850 sqm 5.39
8 Rafter ISMB 250 6 5.45 32.7 37.3 Rmt 1219.71
9 ISA 40*40*6 Gutter 16 1 16 3.5 Rmt 56
10 21.5 Dia Holes 4# 24 0.5 12 1.5 Rmt 18
11 M16 - 4 nos bolts 120 0.1 12 1.5 Rmt 28.44
12 ISMC 125 Cleat 90 0.28 25.2 13.3 Rmt 111.72

7.2*10^-
8 0.3 0.25 0.012 7850 sqm 56.52
13 Rafter bott plate 3
Total steel in kg 3059.725

4 Concept of AutoCAD
The term CAD (Computer Aided Design) applies to a wide range of programs that allow the user
to created drawings, plan, and designs electronically. AutoCAD is one such program and it main
claim to fame is that it is relatively easy to use, it is very comprehensive in its ability to create
2D and some 3D drawings, and like it is very popular. Seventy percent of the Cad users in the
world use AutoCAD.
4.1 2D drawing: when an object is perceived with reference to 2 axis then we get 2D
interpretation of the objetc.2D drawings can be easily drawn on sheet of paper etc. Similarly,
2D CAD helps us generate 2 Dimensional view of the object/product. Software like AUTOCAD
are leading in 2D drawings.
Application of AutoCAD
 Improved productivity in drafting
 Shorter time required to prepare drawings
 Customer modification is easier in drawings
 Improved accuracy be prepared
 Hydraulic and pneumatic circuit diagrams can be prepared
 Revision and correction are possible
 More efficient operation in drawings
 of the drawing
 Reduce man power requirements
 Production of orthographic projection with dimension and tolerance
 Hatching all the section with different filling patterns is possible.
 Isometric drawings can.

CHAPTER 5
5 Conclusions
As an undergraduate of the VTU university. I would like to say that this training session
excellent opportunity to experience the things that we would have never gained through going
straight into the job. I have undergone internship training where I have learnt many under the
guidance. It made me possible to draw the Auto Cad drawings, estimation of the quantities and
more things. It was very good experience learn the exact work what we do in the company.

Bibliography
1. H.S.Vishwanath “Estimation and Costing”, volume 1, 2014.

2. Ashok Kumar Jain, “Reinforced concrete Structure by Limit state method of Design,”
(IS: 456-2000), 5th Edition, Newchand & bros Publication, Rourkee.
3. Dr. N. Krishna Raju, “Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures (IS: 456-2000),”
(Volume I & II), CBS Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi
4. IS: 456 - 2000, “Plain and reinforced concrete Code of practice”, Bureau of Indian
Standards, New Delhi.

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Aminbhavi & Hegde Consulting and Engineers Pvt. Ltd.

1.1 About the Company

Shree Devi Institute of Technology Mangalore Page 1

1.2 Company Profile

1.3 Mission and Vision

1.4 Roles and Responsibilities of the Company

 Registration of site and obtaining necessary permits, approvals etc.

Shree Devi Institute of Technology Mangalore Page 2

1.6 Major Milestone

 . MDRS Complexes in North Karnataka for KREIS Bangalore.

1.6.1 Current Projects

Shree Devi Institute of Technology Mangalore Page 3

1.4 ONGOING PROJECT

 Construction of Hospital Building located near TATA MARCOPOLO

1.5 OVERALL ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE

Shree Devi Institute of Technology Mangalore Page 4

1.6 SERVICES OFFERED BY THE COMPANY

F) Effluent treatment plants

1.6 QUALITY POLICY

Shree Devi Institute of Technology Mangalore Page 5

CHAPTER 2: ABOUT THE DEPARMENT

HR Sales Purchase QS Billing Accountant

Dept. Dept. Dept. Dept. Dept. Dept.

Civil Construction PMC

DIRECTOR:- ( MR. V R AMINBHAVI)

Shree Devi Institute of Technology Mangalore Page 6

HUMAN RESOURCES DEPARTMENT:- ( Mr. Iftekhar Dodmani)

PURCHASE DEPARTMENT: Purchasing department’s main role is purchasing supplies and

QUANTITY SURVEYOR DEPARTMENT: A quantity surveyor should be called upon in the

ACCOUNTS DEPARTMENT: The responsibilities and objectives include monitoring the

CIVIL CONSTRUCTION DEPARTMENT: The engineer department is responsible for the

Shree Devi Institute of Technology Mangalore Page 7

2.2 SAFETY DEPRTMENT

2.2.1 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT USED AT SITE

Shree Devi Institute of Technology Mangalore Page 8

• Tool box meeting

• Operation of machinery or vehicles

• Ban on child labor employment

• First aid availability

• Unsafe act or method and disciplinary action

• Reporting of incidents, near miss cases

• Safety audit and action taken report

• Safety in a line responsibility

Shree Devi Institute of Technology Mangalore Page 9

To prepare an estimate following details required:

 Detailed specification giving specification description of all workmanship, properties and

3.2.1 Procedure followed for estimation:

3.2.2 Purpose of Estimate

3.2.3 Different Types of Estimates

Shree Devi Institute of Technology Mangalore Page 10

3.2.4 Preliminary estimate

The preliminary estimate may be prepared by various ways such as:

i. Per unit basis.

Plinth area estimate

Cube rate estimate

3.1.3 Approximate quantity method estimate

Detailed Estimate or Item Rate Estimate

 Details of measurements and calculation of quantities-The details of

Table.1 Details of measurement form

Table.2 Abstract of estimate form

A percentage of 3 to 5% is added for contingencies, to allow for unforeseen expenditures,

The detailed estimate is accompanied with:(a)report(b)specification(c)detailed drawings

Annual repair and maintenance estimate

9 ISA 40406 Gutter 16 1 16 3.5 Rmt 56