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-to find the relation between pressure and volume for the expansion of air in
pressure vessel- this expansion is a thermodynamic process
Boyle's Law
Boyle's Law states that the pressure (P) of a gas is inversely proportional to the
volume (V). This law is valid as long as the temperature and the amount of gas
are constant. Any units will work here:
PV=k(constant)PV=k(constant)
The constant, kk, will depend on the number of moles and the temperature. As
long as those two state functions are constant, kk will be a constant and Boyle's
Law will hold. Below is a plot of pressure vs volume (aka: a PV plot). Note the
shape of the plot, this is a classic inverse relationship.
Most Boyle's Law problems have an initial set of conditions (P1 and V1) and
then a final set of conditions (P2 and V2). BOTH conditions must satisfy Boyle's
Law and therefore:
P1V1=P2V2P1V1=P2V2
Any units will work here for pressure and volume - just make sure the units are
the same on each side of the equation.
Below is a Boyle's Law applet like the syringe we played with in class that
allows you to explore the relationship between pressure and volume along with
a graph of the data.
Isentropic Process
In real life there are no processes that are truly isentropic or adiabatic, since
those two processes are ideal processes. However, there are some engineering
devices that can be considered essentially adiabatic. They are pumps, turbines,
nozzles, and diffusers to name a few. So when studying these devices an
isentropic model can be used. Below is an image of an isentropic process on a
T-s diagram, and an adiabatic process on an h-s diagram for a steady flow
device.
The h-s diagram is used to relate the first and second law for a steady flow
device since enthalpy is a primary property of the first law of thermo dynamics,
while entropy accounts for irreversibility during an adiabatic process.
Isothermal process
(Q = 0; ∆T≠0),
The classical form of the first law of thermodynamics is the following equation:
dU = dQ – dW
The isothermal process can be expressed with the ideal gas law as:
pV = constant
or
p1V1 = p2V2
On a p-V diagram, the process occurs along a line (called an isotherm) that has
the equation p = constant / V.