Abstracts
classification by Parks moderate agreement of TPUS versus MRI (t 5
0,50) was evident.
Conclusion: TPUS proves a valid diagnostic method for at least
assessing acute perineal/ perirectal pain under suspicion of infec-
tion i.e. definition and localization of fistulas and abscesses,
whereas an overall ‘‘golden standard’’ in this field is to date remains
unclear.
Sat, Aug 27, 2011
Hall H
SS 8
10:30-12:00
Veterinary Ultrasound
SS 8.02
Applications and Limitations of Marine Mammal Sonography:
A Radiographer’s Perspective
B. C. W. Kot,1 L. Dalton,2 N. Fernando,3 M. Haulena,4 I. F. Jen,5
R. Kinoshita,3 P. Martelli,3 J. Ramer,6 W. Van Bonn7
1
Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong
Polytechnic University, Hung Hom/HK, 2SeaWorld of San Antonio, San
Antonio, TX/US, 3Ocean Park Corporations, Aberbeen/HK, 4Vancouver
Aquarium, Vancouver, BC/CA, 5Hualien (Farglory) Ocean Park,
Hualien/TW, 6Indianapolis Zoo, Indianapolis, IN/US, 7Marine Mammal
Center, Sausalito, CA/US
Purpose: This study provided information on the applications and limi-
tations of ultrasound in marine mammal medicine.
Material & Methods: A total of 96 individual subjects from 6 aquar-
iums, which included 6 cetacean and 3 pinniped species, were recruited
over 6 years time. Cetaceans were trained to approach the poolside, and
coaxed to station themselves in various positions, such as sternal,
dorsal, lateral and dorsal recumbency; pinnipeds were trained to station
erect, or to lie down and roll into a supine or semi-supine position on
land. Ultrasound examinations of various structures lasted up to 5
minutes.
Results: Most abdominal, neck and vascular structures were able to
be examined by ultrasound for clinical and research purposes. A
comprehensive understanding on animal species, physiological status
and nutritional conditions should be made for the preparation of and
during ultrasound examinations, for efficient and accurate diagnosis.
Equipment selection, scanning techniques and normal sonographic
anatomy were described, along with illustrations of marine mammal
pathologies identified using ultrasound. Limitations included machine
inaccessibility, animal uncooperativeness, large body size, thick integ-
ument and blubber layers, which prohibited examination of some
structures.
Conclusion: Ultrasound is useful in various aspects of marine mammal
medicine, and should be incorporated as a tool for routine health surveys
in a preventive medicine program, as it enables the monitoring of
diseases and the course of therapy.
SS 8.03
High-Resolution and Doppler Methods in Sonography of the
Mammary Gland of the Bitch
uller1 I. Kiefer2
F. M€
1
Kleintiere, Tierklinik Dr.Linke/ Dr.Boeckel, Chemnitz/DE, 2Klinik f€ur
Kleintiere, Universit€at Leipzig, Leipzig/DE
Purpose: This study aims to find out, whether it is possible to differen-
tiate benign from malignant mammary tumors of the bitch using high-
resolution ultrasound in digital transducers. Use of colour-coded duplex
S15
sonography, resistance index and pulsatility index for this question are
reassessed too.
Material & Methods: The examination was carried out in 62 bitches of
different breed. Fifty-three of them were presented because of palpable
nodes of the mammary gland. Furthermore, eight pregnant and one
lactating bitch underwent the procedure. The excised complexes were
evaluated pathohistologically. The images were analyzed retrospec-
tively, B scan images were judged by 12 parameters.
Results: Tumors with an uneven edge, acoustic enhancement or
shadowing behind a node and calcifications are more likely to be
malignant. Lack of signal alteration behind a tumor or hypoechoic
internal echoes can be found in benign nodes more often. The
combination of parameters reduces the number of adequate tumors
and rises significance. A tumor showing an irregular contour and
calcification is more likely to be malignant (odds ratio 12,73) as
well as a tumor of medium echodensity showing signal enhancement
(odds ratio 3,68). Tumors of medium echodensity without signal
alteration behind the lesion (odds ratio 0,123) and tumors with
diffusely distributed vessels of regular diameter (odds ratio 0,097)
are more likely to be benign.
Conclusion: Sonography of the mammary gland of the bitch is a non-
invasive, easily practicable examination method. In the hands of skilled
examiners sonographic characteristics that help to differentiate malig-
nant from benign tumors can be shown.
Sat, Aug 27, 2011
Hall H
SS 9
10:30-12:00
Genitourinary 1 - Renal Parenchymal Disease and US of Renal
Function
SS 9.02
Improved Diagnosis of Early Renal Dysfunction in Diabetic
Nephropathies by Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound
Y. Dong,1 W. Wang,2 P. Fan,2 J. Cao,2 X. Lin2
1
Medical Ultrasound, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai/CN, 2Zhongshan
Hospital, Shanghai/CN
Purpose: We performed a prospective study to compare the value of
contrast- enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) with color Doppler flow imaging
(CDFI) in a quantitative evaluation of renal cortex perfusion in patients
suspected with early diabetic nephropathies (DN), with renal biopsy as
the golden standard.
Material & Methods: The study protocol was approved by the Hospital
review board; each patient gave written informed consent. A total of
twenty-six right kidneys in 26 consecutive patients (14 males and 12
females, mean age 55.6 years) of clinically suspected early DN were
examined with CDFI and CEUS. Time-intensity curves (TICs) were
created with Qlab software (PHILIPS). The slope rate of elevation curve
(A) , descending curve (a), area under curve (AUC) , derived peak inten-
sity (DPI) and time to peak (TTP) were measured in renal cortex.
Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to predict
the diagnostic criteria of quantitative indexes and their diagnostic poten-
tial were compared with CDFI. Control group included 45 healthy
volunteers.
Results: DPI less than 12 and AUC greater than 1400 had high utility in
early DN, with 67% and 66% specificity, 88% and 85% sensitivity. The
results were significantly better than RI, and PSV in CDFI had no signif-
icant difference in the early DN (P . 0.05).
Conclusion: CEUS might be helpful to improve early diagnosis of DN
compared with CDFI by quantitative analyses. AUC and DPI might be
valuable quantitative indexes.