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SECTION A (Total: 60 marks)

INSTRUCTION: Answer ALL questions.

Please use the answer booklet provided.

Question 1

(a) Ships are generally designed for a specific reason. Explain the characteristics of
listed ships below.
i. Bulk carrier
ii. Cargo ship
iii. Container ship
iv. Tug boat
(8 marks)

(b) The size of bulk carriers may often be referred by one of the following classes that are
Handysize , Handymax , Panamax and Capesize. Explain the means for each
classes.
(8 marks)

(c) List down the structural features for general dry cargo vessel.
(4 marks)

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Question 2

(a) A vessel at sea is subjected to a number of forces. These cause the structure to
distort. These forces can be divided into two categories, describe the forces and brief
in details.
(4 marks)

(b) Stresses affect the ship either in local areas or the ship as a whole, briefly explain
three(3) of the local stress as listed below.
1. Panting Stress
2. Pounding or Slamming
3. Diagonal Loads
4. Vibration Stress
5. Drydocking Loads
(6 marks)

(c) Hull structure are being categories as follows, explain five(5) of the hull structures
1. Plating
2. Framing systems
3. Frame spacing
4. Keel Structures
5. Double bottoms
6. Rudder casting
7. Decks & Main Deck
8. Bulkheads
9. Mooring Equipment
(10marks)

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Question 3

(a) Typical vessel is not only subjected to continuous stress but usually operates in a
harsh environment such as the sea. Explain the factor that could cause catastrophic
damage to the vessel in such a dynamic environment.
(4 marks)

(b) A classification society is a non-governmental organization that establishes and

maintains technical standards for the construction and operation of ships and
offshore structures.

i. Describe the purpose of government establish classification societies in

marine industries.
(5 marks)

ii. List out five(5) classification societies that were establish by Malaysian
Government.
(5 marks)

(c) Hatch openings in cargo ships usually extend across the deck for approximately one-
third of the beam. This opening is an example of structural discontinuity for the deck,
girders and beams. Explain the factors to strengthen the structures in order to
compensate structural discontinuity.
(6 marks)

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SECTION B (Total: 40 marks)

INSTRUCTION: Answer only TWO questions.

Please use the answer booklet provided.

Question 4

(a) The ship structural frame must be adequate strength, and composed of longitudinal
and transverse members integrally welded together.

i. Explain what primarily role of longitudinal members for ship structural

(2 marks)

ii. Explain what primarily role of transverse members for ship structural
(2 marks)

(b) Hydrodynamic forces are resisted in the hull by a network of beams and frames.
These ensure that the stress lines generated throughout the structure do not impact
on one area to cause fatigue or structural damage. Some of the stresses
experienced include: Hogging, sagging, panting, pounding/slamming and racking .

i. Describe the hogging and sagging conditions

(4 marks)

ii. Draft/sketch the sagging condition

(3 marks)

(c) A keel is traditionally known as the backbone of the ship. List down and sketch 3
types of keel structures.
(9 marks)

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Question 5

(a) Generally classification society rules require that plans of the principal parts of the
hull structure of each vessel to be built under survey are to be submitted and
approved before the work of construction is begun. List out ten(10) plans need to be
prepared and submitted for review.
(10 marks)

(b) The process for design of structural component by ship designers is commencing
using vessels specifications.

i. Explain the detail to be determined in vessel specification.

(4 marks)

ii. Explain the factors to be consider inorder to ensure selected vessel

specification can be applied on board ship.
(2 marks)

(c) Briefly clarify the factors required by classification societies for new building ship
plans and drawings that must be complied with specific rules if approval is to be
grunted.
(4 marks)

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Question 6

Two major structural components for a ship are STERN and BOW, kindly brief this to
structural considering following factor:

(a) compare the sketching of framing

(4 marks)

(b) the principal details of structures and scantlings.

(4 marks)

(c) particular structure and components to strengthen the girder of a vessel based on
Classification Society Rules.
(6 marks)

(d) structural drawings requirement for classification society approval

(6 marks)

END OF QUESTIONS

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