TOPIC 2:

ISLĀMIC CIVILIZATION

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ISLAMIC WORLD VIEW (cosmological
perception ) Islam is the teaching
brought by all prophets since
WHAT IS Adam a.s.

ISLAM ?

Islam is derived from Arabic word:

.‫أسلَ َم – يُس ِل ُم – إسال ًما (إسالم) – ُمس ِلم‬

(“aslama- yuslimu – islām- muslim) “aslama": to submit.
In the religious sense, Islam means submission to the will
of Allāh and obedience to His laws (sharī‘aћ).

MEANING OF ISLAM 2
 Islām is a monotheistic faith
Allāh’s will is above all other wills…
Famous definitions of Islām nowadays:
1- peace
2- pure
3- obedience.
4- etc

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 THE GENERAL OBJECTIVE
OF ISLĀMIC CIVILIZATION
To uphold Islām is
the way of life

1- Because humans created to worship Allāh. Al-Qur’ān, al-

Dzāriyāt (51): 56: “And I (Allaah) have not created the jinn
and men except that they should worship Me (alone)”

2- Because humans are the Caliphs of this world. Al-

Qur’ān, al-Baqaraћ (2): 30: “And remember when your
Lord said to the angels, I am going to place in the earth a
Caliph…”
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 FOUNDATIONS OF
ISLĀMIC CIVILIZATION
[Prinsip-Prinsip Asas Tamadun Islām]

1. ‘Aqidah/ Belief (‫)عقيدة‬

2. Shari‘aЋ / Laws (‫)شريعة‬
3. Akhlak / Ethics (‫)أخالق‬

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Main Characteristics of Islām based on al-Quran and
as-Sunnah. Ciri-ciri Keistimewaan Islam
1. Rabbaniyyah / Godliness (‫)ربانية‬
2. ‘Alamiyyah / Universal in diversity (‫)عالمية‬
3. Syumuliyyah / Complete/Comprehensive (‫)شمولية‬
4. Thabat wa Murunah / Fixed yet Flexible (‫)ثبات ومرونة‬
5. Waqi’iyyah / Realistic (‫)واقعية‬
6. Inqilabiyyah / To Replace/Revolutionist (‫)انقالبية‬
7. Tawazun / Balanced between material & spiritual
(‫)توازن‬
8. Wasatiyyah / Moderate (‫)وسطية‬
9. Others?
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1. Rabbaniyyah

Definition:
Islam comes from Allah. Man simply executes
what Allāh orders or commands as the best he
can since he believe that getting Allāh’s
pleasures is his ultimate goal.
Ianya membawa erti bahawa Islam ini datangnya daripada Allah.
Manusia hanya sebagai pelaksana segala ketentuan yang ditetapkan

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Category of Rabbaniyyah :
1. Rabbani in terms of goals and intentions
 One’s intentions has to be specifically for Allāh i.e. his/
her ultimate goal in life is to get Allah’s pleasure.

2. Rabbani in terms approach and resources

 One’s approach and resources should be based on the
divine revelations to Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w)

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2. Alamiyyah (Universal)

Definition:
The teaching of Islam is not for a certain race
or community but it is for all ummah from all
layers of society. this is why Islām is called as
universal religion.

Risalah Islam ditujukan untuk semua umat dan bangsa serta untuk
semua lapisan masyarakat. Ia bukan risalah untuk bangsa tertentu.

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Alamiyyah also means:

- Universal/ Suitable in the sense that the teachings of Islam

transcend across time, space and geographical boundaries. In
fact it never force anyone to embrace Islām.
- Applicable anywhere and anytime from past to the present and
the future.

Sesuai di semua tempat sama ada di Kutub Selatan,

Khatulistiwa dan sebagainya.Ia juga sesuai untuk semua zaman
sama ada zaman Rasulullah SAW atau zaman teknologi moden
yang canggih ini. Sesuai sampai ke hari qiamat.

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3. Syumuliyyah
Definition:
The teaching of Islam is complete and comprehensive.
The scope of Islam is all-encompassing with guidance for all
aspects of human life not excluding the smallest to the biggest of
human conduct.

Ajaran Islam lengkap dan menyeluruh. Ruang lingkup ajaran Islam

adalah mencakupi seluruh aspek kehidupan manusia tanpa kecuali
dari sekecil-kecil urusan sampailah ke sebesar-besar perkara.

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4. Thabat & Murunah
Definition:
Fixed and firm in principles and flexible in practice.

Tetap dari segi prinsip dan hukum tetapi anjal atau fleksibel dari
segi perlaksanaannya.

E.g. Solat/ prayer is an obligation to all Muslims (thabaat) but its

practice could be done in flexible ways such as by jama’ and
qasar for travellers.
Another situation: A Muslim who faces illness, he/ she can pray
by sitting, sleeping, etc.

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5. Waqi’iyyah
Definition:
Islam is realistic.
Islam adalah mengikut realiti.

e.g: Islām recommends marriage and its also allows polygamy for man
...

Contohnya: Manusia dari segi fitrahnya ingin hidup berpasangan, maka

Islam mensyariatkan perkahwinan bagi lelaki dan perempuan dan
berpoligami hanya bagi lelaki…

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6. Inqilabiyyah
Definition:
Islam is revolutionist in positive sense. Islam should be
strictly practiced in all situations. It is clearly
distinguished and should not be intermingled with any
jahiliyyah practice or system.

Menegakkan Islam atas keruntuhan jahiliyyah. Islam tidak boleh

bercampur dengan jahiliyyah. Islam juga tidak boleh ditempel-
tempelkan pada sistem jahiliyyah. Islam menggantikan zaman
jahillyah

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7. Al-Tawazun
Definition:
Balanced and integrated state between spiritual and
physical (material) of the human life.

e.g. Struggle for properties for life, and at the same time pay the
zakat and give sedekah.

Kewujudan keseimbangan dan kesepaduan antara kehidupan rohani

dan jasmani.

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8. Al-Wasatiyyah
Definition:

1) Islam promote moderation. Keep it

everything in which lawful according to Syarak such wearing
clothes, eating, worship, pray etc in the justly balanced
situation/ stand, not too extremes and not too simple.
2) Manage your life in properly and good condition such as time
for study habit, eating habit, social life, sport etc.

Seimbang dalam melakukan setiap perkara yang diharuskan oleh

syarak seperti berpakaian, makan, melakukan ibadah sunat dan
seumpamanya.

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 Islamic civilization means…

“When the element of

humanity laid by
Allah becoms the
“established
“A Society Which utmost value in the
based on
Has Achieved Its society, then the
Islamic
Distinguished society can be
teachings”
Moral Values and considered as Islamic
Culture” Syed Qutb, & civilized society”
Malik Bennabi,
-al Attas- -Syed Qutb
Prof. Richard
E. Sullivan Fi Zilalil Qur’an-

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 Shari‘aЋ in Islām
divided into:
Islām stresses 3
main aspects in
Develop relationship
human life, with the God. Membina
they are: hubungan antara manusia dengan
Allah s.w.t

Develop Develop
relationship relationship
with human with the world/
beings. Membina nature. Membina
hubungan sesama hubungan antara
manusia manusia dengan alam/
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Maqāṣid al-Sharī ’aћ as the manisfestation of Islāmic
civilization.
‫مقاصد الشريعة‬
It refers to those objectives that Islāmic laws
revealed. The objectives are 7 main things which
commonly shared by all human beings: 1- religion,
2- soul, 3- mind, 4- descendants, 5- dignity, 6-
property and 7- justice (Asar AK. (2017). Al-Wilāyaћ al-‘āmmaћ li al-
mar’aћ fi al-fiqhi al-Islāmiyy: Dirāsaћ taḥlīliyyaћ bi al-ihālaћ ilā al-wāqi’ al-Mālīziy
[An analytical study of women’s public office positions in Islāmic jurisprudence: The
case of Malaysia], PhD dissertation in Fiqh and Uṣūl al-Fiqh, Kuliyyah of Islāmic
Revealed Knowledge and Heritage, International Islāmic University Malaysia).
[Ia merupakan tujuan2 utama shariaћ/ perundangan Islām diwahyukan.
Tujuan2 itu adalah 7 perkara utama yang diperlukan oleh semua manusia:
Agama, nyawa, akal, keturunan, maruah, harta dan keadilan].
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 For the believers; only with Allāh's laws all
the maqāṣid al-sharī‘aћ could be
safeguarded such as:
 With Qiṣāṣ and Ḥadd al-Ḥirābaћ (killing-back
and murder laws), then the life of human beings
will be protected.
 With the Ḥadd al-Khamr (alcoholic drink laws),
then the mind of human beings will be
protected.
 With the Ḥadd al- Sariqaћ and Ghaṣbu (stealing
and robbery laws), then the property of human
beings will be protected.
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SOURCES IN ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION

 Al-Quran.
 Al-Sunnah.
 Ijtihad
Qias
Ijma’ (Ulama’ consensus)
all cultures and civilizations
provided they are not
contradict to Islamic teachings.
Etc
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 EMERGENCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF
ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION
 Beginning of the Islāmic civilization during
the prophethood time (Prophet Muhammad
SAW), Khulafā’ al-Rasyidin, Umayyad,
Abbasid, Uthmāniyyaћ.
 During Umayyaћ and Abbasiyyaћ periods,
Islām spread to Africa, Europe, India and
Asian continentals.

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 Caliphate periods
 The period of the Prophet Muḥammad saw (622- 632)
 622 marked as the Hijraћ (migration), the beginning of
the Islāmic calendar, also known as the Hijri Calendar.
 Khulafā’ al-Rāshidūn Caliphate at Madinaћ (632-661)
 Ali changed the capital to Kufah
 Umayyad Caliphate at Damascus (661- 750)
 Abbasid Caliphate at Baghdad (750-1258)
Parallel caliphates to the Abbasids
 Fatimid Sultanate (909- 1171)
 Umayyad Sultanate at Cordoba (929-1031))
 Al-Mohad Sultanate at Morocco (1147-1269)
 Mamlūk Sultanate at Cairo (1261-1517)
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 Ottoman Caliphate at Turkey (1517- 1924)

Period of dormancy: A number of Islāmist movements/

groups call for the restoration of the caliphate such as
Ahmadiyyaћ, Ikhwān Muslimun, Hizbut Tahrir (HT),
Jamaah Islamiyyah + al-Qaeda, IS (2014- present), etc.
Even in Malaysia, there are many Islāmic groups:
political or non-political such as PAS, Amanah, UMNO,
Bersatu + ABIM, JIM, Tabligh, HT, Sufis/ tariqats, etc..

However, the groups differ in their ideology and

approach.

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Factors that leaded to excellence of Islamic civilization
 Upholding the teachings of al-Quran
dan al-Sunnah (Insan Rabbani-
godliness individual generation).
 Political stability.
 Cooperation between the
Muslims especially among their Muslim
scholars/ intellectuals and rulers. Kerjasama
Para Ulama/ Cendikiawan dengan Para Pemerintah
yang membawa kepada galakan budaya nasihat, ilmu
pengetahuan, dsbnya.

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Right ideology held by the
Muslims based on al-Qurān
and as-Sunnah. Kefahaman Islam
yang tidak menyeleweng di kalangan
masyarakat Islam – berpandukan al-Quran dan
as-Sunnah.
Knowledge culture among the
Muslims. Budaya ilmu dan membaca di kalangan
masyarakat Islam, bukan budaya hiburan.

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 Intellectual activities occurred in:

 Economy.
 Medicine.
 Astronomy.
 Math.
 Architecture
 Etc

Development of Islamic knowledge to Europeans

 Diplomatic relation. Hubungan Diplomatik.

 Translation activities.
 Universities such as at Sicily.
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 ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION DURING COLONIAL
ERA

 Teaching and Learning. Sistem Pengajaran dan

Pendidikan
 Mass media especially newspaper: materialistic
generation - social problems.
 Alien ideologies such secularisme, capitalism,
darwnism, liberalism, communism, etc.
 Democrasy?

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 Islamic development in Malaysia.

 “Penghayatan nilai-nilai Islām,

Penerapan Nilai-Nilai Islam dalam
Pentadbiran, Islam Haḍari”, etc.
 Nowadays: 1Malaysia
 Its application is the most important aspect-
“Action speaks louder than words”...

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CONCLUSION

Islāmic civilization brought one distinguished ideology to

the world the history ever seen; it frees human beings
from world enslavement to the enslavement to the God.
With its “the way of life” concept, it gives a new
dimension to religion perception and practice.
Islāmic civilization brought good changes to
human beings and the world whereby its teachings
address a lot on good values and behaviours. It later on
paved a way to European renaissence and development.

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