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GESTÃO DE CUSTOS
Contabilidade e Controle
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Hansen, Don R.
Gestão de custos / Don R. Hansen, Maryanne M. Mowen;
tradução Robert Brian Taylor ; revisão técnica Elias
Pereira. -- São Paulo: Cengage Learning, 2009.
01-0626 CDD-658.1552
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Gestão de Custos
CONTABILIDA
CONTABILIDADE
DE E CONTROLE
CONTROL E
Tradução
Tradução da 3ª edição norte-americana
norte-a mericana
Don R. Hansen
Oklahoma State University
Maryanne M. Mowen
Oklahoma State University
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ISBN 13: 978-85-221-0936-4
Cengage Learning
Condomínio E-Business Park
Rua Werner Siemens, – Prédio – Espaço
Lapa
Lapa de Baix
Baixo
o – CEP
CEP - – São Paulo
Paulo – SP
SP
Tel.: ( ) - – Fax: ( ) -
SAC:
Impresso no Brasil.
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PREFÁCIO
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8 GESTÃO DE CUSTOS
ESTÃO
miza a confusão e permite aos estudantes apreciar as diferenças que existem entre as abordagens basea-
da em função e em atividade. Também permite uma ênfase na abordagem baseada em função ou em
atividade, dependendo das preferências. No entanto, não seguimos o mesmo padrão para os capítulos
sobre tomadas de decisão. Para estes, achamos que seria mais útil para os estudantes ver como as deci-
sões mudam com as mudanças nos conjuntos de informações. Por exemplo, como uma decisão sobre
fabricar ou comprar muda enquanto vamos de um sistema de gestão de custos tradicional baseado em
função, para um sistema, mais rico, de gestão de custos baseado em atividade?
PÚBLICO- ALVO
Este livro foi escrito principalmente para estudantes universitários em nível de graduação. O livro
apresenta um tratamento completo de abordagens tradicionais e contemporâneas para a gestão de custos,
a contabilidade e o controle, e pode ser usado para um curso de um ou de dois semestres. Em nossa opi-
nião, também tem profundidade o suficiente
suficiente para cursos de pós-graduação. De fato, já usamos o livro no
nível de pós-graduação com êxito.
C ARACTERÍ
ARAC TERÍSTIC AS F UNDAMENTAIS
STICAS
Acreditamos que o livro oferece um número de características distintas e atraentes — característi-
cas que devem fazer com que seja mais fácil ensinar aos estudantes os temas emergentes no mundo de
negócios de hoje. Um de nossos objetivos foi o de reduzir o tempo e os recursos despendidos por pro-
fessores para que os alunos possam ser expostos aos tópicos e práticas de hoje em dia. Para ajudar o alu-
no a compreender a abordagem inovadora do livro, fornecemos uma descrição detalhada de suas carac-
terísticas fundamentais.
Estrutura
A organização do livro segue uma estrutura de sistemas e está dividida em
em quatro partes:
1. Parte
rte 1:
1: Co
Concei
nceittos Fun
Fund
dament
menta is. Os Capítulos 1 até 3 introduzem os conceitos e as ferramentas
ais.
básicas associados com os sistemas de informação de gestão de custos.
2. Pa 2: Cu ei Co le Ba ad Fu ão Os Capítulos 4 até 11 fornecem uma cobertura
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PREFÁCIO 9
Tópicos Contemporâneos
Os temas emergentes da gestão de custos estão cobertos em profundidade. Fornecemos uma es-
trutura para tratar de forma abrangente tanto os tópicos baseados em função como em atividade. Uma
terminologia comum liga as duas abordagens; no entanto, as abordagens baseadas em função e em ati-
vidade diferem o suficiente para justificar tratamentos separados e abrangentes. A natureza e a extensão
da cobertura de tópicos contemporâneos está descrita a seguir. Como revela este resumo, existe cober-
tura o suficiente dos tópicos com base em atividade e em estratégia para oferecer um curso que enfatiza
detalhadamente esses temas.
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10 GESTÃO DE CUSTOS
ESTÃO
Para compreender plenamente como um sistema ABC funciona, os estudantes devem entender os
dados necessários para apoiar o sistema. Assim, mostramos (no Capítulo 12) como o sistema de razão
geral precisa ser desdobrado para fornecer informações de atividades. Também definimos e ilustramos
um banco de dados relacional do ABC. Essa característica singular do livro ajuda o estudante a entender
as necessidades práticas de um sistema ABC.
Os custos por atividade mudam com mudanças no uso das atividades. O Capítulo 3 é um trata-
mento abrangente do comportamento de custos. Primeiro, definimos o comportamento de custos variá-
veis, fixos e de atividades mistas. Depois, o modelo de consumo de recursos das atividades é discutido e
o impacto dos recursos flexíveis e comprometidos sobre os custos é detalhado. Finalmente, os métodos
de desdobramentos dos custos de atividades entre fixos e variáveis são descritos. Este livro vai além do li-
vro típico para explicar aos estudantes
estudantes como usar programas de planilhas em computadores para realizar
análises de regressão. O capítulo sobre análise de comportamento de custos é mais geral do que capítu-
los normais que lidam com o assunto. O tratamento tradicional normalmente se concentra no custo cus to co-
mo uma função do volume de produção. Rompemos com esse padrão e concentramo-nos no custo
como uma função de mudanças no uso da atividade, com mudanças na atividade de produção como um
caso especial.
O modelo de consumo de recursos das atividades é usado para definir
d efinir o comportamento do custo da
atividade (em termos de quando os recursos são adquiridos), e é definido e discutido no Capítulo 3. Este
modelo de consumo de recursos tem um papel importante em numerosas aplicações contemporâneas. É
usado na análise da cadeia de valores (Capítulo 13), contabilidade por responsabilidade
resp onsabilidade baseada em ativida-
de (Capítulo 14) e análise de decisões táticas e custeio relevante (Capítulo 19). As extensivas aplicações do
modelo de consumo de recursos das atividades representa uma característica singular do livro.
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PREFÁCIO 11
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12 GESTÃO DE CUSTOS
ESTÃO
Assuntos Comportamentais
O comportamento ético é apenas um aspecto do comportamento humano que é afetado por sis-
temas de gestão de custos. Os sistemas usados para planejamento, controle e tomadas de decisão podem
afetar a maneira como as pessoas agem. Discernimentos sobre a teoria de decisões comportamentais são
apresentados nas seções apropriadas do livro. Por exemplo, uma discussão sobre as maneiras como a
mensuração do resultado pode afetar o comportamento das pessoas é incluída no Capítulo 20. O Capí-
tulo 8, sobre orçamentos, inclui uma seção sobre o impacto comportamental do orçamento. Acredita-
mos que uma integração entre assuntos comportamentais e assuntos contábeis conduza ao entendimen-
to mais completo do papel do contador atualmente.
Pedagogia Singular
Pensamos neste livro como uma ferramenta que pode ajudar os estudantes a aprender os concei-
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GESTÃO DE CUSTOS
ESTÃO 13
A GRADECIMENTOS
GRADECIMENTOS
Muitas pessoas nos ajudaram a escrever este livro. Apreciamos os comentários de revisores técni-
cos e outros que ajudaram a fazer com que este livro fosse mais fácil de ser lido.
Vidya N. Awasthi, Seattle University
Robert L. Barker, California State University — Northridge
Annhenrie Campbell, California State University — Stanislaus
B. Lynette Chapman, Southwest Texas State University
Michael F. Cornick, University of North Carolina — Charlotte
Donald W. Gribben, Southern Illinois University
Eleanor G. Henry
Henr y, State University of New York em Oswego
Larry N. Killough, Virginia Polytechnic University
Martha Sadler Lilly, University of Northern Colorado
Max Mittendorff, Sacred Heart University
Frank Shuman, Utah State University
Stacey Whitecotton, Arizona State University
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14 GESTÃO DE CUSTOS
ESTÃO
SOBRE OS AUTORES
Don R. Hansen
O dr. Don R. Hansen é professor de Contabilidade na Oklahoma State University. Ele recebeu o
seu Ph.D. na University of Arizona em 1977. Estudou matemática na Brigham Young University. Os
seus interesses de pesquisa incluem a mensuração da produtividade, custeio baseado em atividade e mo-
delagem matemática. Os seus artigos foram publicados em revistas de contabilidade e de engenharia, in-
cluindo The Accounting Review, The Journal of Management Accounting Research, Accounting Horizons
e IIE Transactions . Já participou do conselho editorial de The Accounting Review , e atualmente é editor
assistente da Journal of
of Accounting Education . Os seus interesses externos incluem jogar basquete, assis-
tir a esportes e estudar espanhol e português.
Maryanne M. Mowen
A dra. Maryanne M. Mowen
Mowen é professora adjunta de Contabilidade da Oklahoma State University
University..
Recebeu seu Ph.D. na Arizona State University em 1979. A dra. Mowen traz uma perspectiva interdis-
ciplinar para o ensino e a escrita da contabilidade de gestão de custos, com diplomas em história e eco-
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SUMÁRIO
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16 GESTÃO DE CUSTOS
ESTÃO
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SUMÁRIO 17
ESTABELECENDO
ESTABELECENDO O SISTEMA DE APÊNDICE: CONTABILIDADE PARA
CONTABILIDADE DE CUSTOS 127 SUCATEAMENTO EM UM SISTEMA
Acumulação de Custos 127 TRADICIONAL POR ORDEM 151
Mensuração de Custos 128
5 CUSTEIO DE PRODUTOS E
Atribuição de Custos 130 SERVIÇOS: UMA ABORDAGEM
APLICAÇÃO DOS CUSTOS INDIRETOS DE DO SISTEMA POR
FABRICAÇÃO: UMA VISÃO DO CUSTEIO PROCESSO 160
NORMAL 132 SISTEMAS DE CUSTEIO POR PROCESSO:
CONCEITOS OPERACIONAIS E DE
Taxas Predeterminadas de Custos Indiretos
de Fabricação 132 CUSTOS BÁSICOS 161
Escolhendo a Base de Atividade 132 Fluxos de Custo 162
O Relatório de Produção 164
Escolhendo o Nível de Atividade 134
Custos Unitários 164
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18 GESTÃO DE CUSTOS
ESTÃO
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SUMÁRIO 19
ANÁLISE DE VARIAÇÕES
VARIAÇÕES E
8 ORÇAMENTOS PARA CONTABILIDADE:
CONTABILIDADE: MATERIAIS E MÃO-
PLANEJAMENTO E DE-OBRA DIRETA 285
CONTROLE 245
Variações
Variações de Preço e Consumo de Materiais
O PAPEL DO ORÇAMENTO NO Diretos 286
PLANEJAMENTO E CONTROLE 246 Variações da Mão-de-Obra Direta 290
Variações
Propósitos dos Orçamentos 246 Eliminação das Variações de Materiais e
O Processo Orçamentário 247 Mão-de-Obra 292
Obtendo Informações para o ANÁLISES DE VARIAÇÕES:
VARIAÇÕES: CUSTOS
Orçamento 249
INDIRETOS DE FABRICAÇÃO 294
PREPARANDO O ORÇAMENTO
OPERACIONAL 251 Método de Quatro Variações: Variações
Variações de
Custos Indiretos de Fabricação Variáveis 294
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20 GESTÃO DE CUSTOS
ESTÃO
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SUMÁRIO 21
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22 GESTÃO DE CUSTOS
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SUMÁRIO 23
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24 GESTÃO DE CUSTOS
ESTÃO
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