NSS Mathematics in Action Module 2 Vol.

2 Full Solutions

11 Indefinite Integration (I)

2
2 1
x3

3
x dx  C
2
(e) 1
3
Exploration 5
3 3
Exploration 11.1 (p. 11.3)  x C
1. (a) 2x (b) 2x 5
(c) 2x (d) 2x

2. All the derivatives are the same.

Quick Practice 11.2 (p. 11.7)
1 5x
3. 2 2
F1 ( x )  x , F2 ( x)  x  2 , F3 ( x )  x 2
3, (a) e 5 x dx 
5
e C
2
F4 ( x )  x   (or other reasonable answers)
(b)  e  x dx   e  x  C
x x
4. Infinite
(c)

3
e dx  3e 3  C

Discussion Quick Practice 11.3 (p. 11.9)

Discussion 11.1 (p. 11.18) 5 1
Let u  x 2 x  3 . (a)  x
dx  5
x
dx

   
1   5 ln | x | C
 1 
du  2 x x  3  x 2  ( x  3) 2  dx
1 1 1




2 

(b)
 2 x dx  2  x dx
x(5 x  12) 1
du  dx  ln | x | C
2 x3 2
We can see that the function will become more complicated than
  8e dx  8
e
x x
before and it will not be easier to work out the answer. (c) dx

  8e x  C

Classwork
e 
2 x 1
 e 1 e 2 x dx
Classwork (p. 11.5)
1 1 2x
2
(d)  e 1  e C
(a) dx  x  C , where C is an arbitrary constant 2
x
1 2 x 1
 e C
 dx  e 4 x  C
4x
(b) 4e , where C is an arbitrary 2
constant
Quick Practice 11.4 (p. 11.10)

 (x  2 x ) dx 
 x 2 dx 
 2 x dx
2
Quick Practice
(a)
Quick Practice 11.1 (p. 11.7) 1 3
 x  x2  C
(a)   2 dx   2 x  C 3
7 7

5 3
(b) 3
dx  x  C
3  3 x ( x 2  x) dx 
 3[ x 2  x 2 ] dx
6 1
x  5 3

(c)  x 6 dx 
6 1
C  3


 x 2 dx 
 x 2 dx 


(b)
1
 x7  C 2 7 2 5
7  3 x 2  x 2   C
7 5 
1

1  1 7 5
 6 2 6 2
x 2

  x  x C
2
x dx  C 7 5
(d) 1
 1
2
1 Quick Practice 11.5 (p. 11.10)
 2x 2  C  2 6  6
  x   2  dx 
 x 
x  2 dx 
  x
dx  2
 dx
  x 1  6 ln | x | 2 x  C

Quick Practice 11.6 (p. 11.11)

136
NSS Mathematics in Action Module 2 Vol.2 Full Solutions


(2 x 2  1)(3x  2)

6 x 3  4 x 2  3x  2
x 
x  3 dx  (u  3) 2 u du
2
dx  dx
x x

 (u  6u  9) u du
2
5 3 1 1



 (6 x  4 x  3x  2 x ) dx
2 2 2 2
5 3 1

2 2
7
2
2
5
 6  x  4  x  3 x  2  2x  C
2
3
2
1
2

 (u 2
 6u 2  9u 2 ) du

7 5 3 2
7
2 2
5 3

7 5 3 1  u 2  6 u 2  9 u 2  C
12 8 7 5 3
 x  x  2x  4x  C
2 2 2 2
7 5 3
7 5 2 12
 u 2  u 2  6u 2  C
Quick Practice 11.7 (p. 11.11) 7 5
dy 1 2 2 2
3
 2 x 4   u (5u  42u  105)  C
dx 3x 35
 1 

3
y    2x 4   dx 2
 3x   ( x  3) 2 [5( x  3) 2  42( x  3)  105]  C
35
2 1 3
y   x 5  ln | x |  C 2
5 3  ( x  3) 2 (5 x 2  12 x  24)  C
35
Quick Practice 11.8 (p. 11.16)
 (3  5 x )
6
(a) dx

Let u = 3 + 5x, we have du = 5dx,

1
i.e. dx  du
5
1
 (3  5x) dx   u    du
6 6
1
5 1 
(b) Let u  x  3 , we have du  ( x  3) 2 dx ,
∴ 1 7 2
 u C
35 i.e. dx = 2u du
1
x x  3 dx 
 (u  3)  u  2u du
2 2 2
 (3  5 x ) 7  C
35

 (u  6u  9)  2u du
4 2 2

(b)  3  4 x dx


6 4 2
Let u = 3 – 4x, we have du = –4dx,  (2u  12u  18u ) du
1
i.e. dx   du 2 7 12 5
4  u  u  6u 3  C
7 5
 1
 3  4 x dx 
 u     du
 4
2 3 4
 u (5u  42u 2  105)  C
35
3 3
1 2 2
∴    u2 C  ( x  3) 2 [5( x  3) 2  42( x  3)  105]  C
4 3 35
3
3 2
1  ( x  3) 2 (5 x 2  12 x  24)  C
  (3  4 x ) 2  C 35
6
Quick Practice 11.10 (p. 11.18)
Quick Practice 11.9 (p. 11.18) 1
 (2  5x) dx   (2  5x)
3
(a) Let u = x – 3, we have du = dx. 3
dx

 1

 ( 2  5 x)  3    d (2  5 x)
 5
1 1 
   (2  5 x)  2   C
5 2 
1
 (2  5 x)  2  C
10

Quick Practice 11.11 (p. 11.19)

137
 11 Indefinite Integration (I)

 x ( x  1) dx
5 6 4
1 1 1 1 1 1
1
 
4 3 3x  2 d (3 x  2)  
4 3 3x  2 
d (3 x  2)

 6 ( x  1) d ( x  1)
6 4 6
1 1
(a)  ln | 3 x  2 |  ln | 3 x  2 | C
1 1 6 12 12
  ( x  1) 5  C
6 5 1 3x  2
 ln C
( x 6  1) 5 12 3x  2
 C
30
Quick Practice 11.14 (p. 11.23)
 (1  x) dx
100

(a) y  x (1  x 2 ) n
(b) 
 (1  x) (1) d (1  x)
100

1 dy d d
  (1  x )101  C  (1  x 2 ) n ( x)  x  (1  x 2 ) n
101 dx dx dx
 (1  x 2 ) n  x  n(1  x 2 ) n1 ( 2 x )
Quick Practice 11.12 (p. 11.20)
 (1  x 2 ) n  2n(1  x 2 )(1  x 2 ) n 1  2n(1  x 2 ) n 1

2
1
xe x dx
 (2n  1)(1  x 2 ) n  2n(1  x 2 ) n1
1
 2e (b) From (a),
(a) x 2 1
 d ( x 2  1)

1 x 2 1 dy
 e C  ( 2n  1)(1  x 2 ) n  2n(1  x 2 ) n 1
2 dx

 dy  (2n  1)  (1  x  (1  x )
n 1
2e 2 x
2
) n dx  2n 2
dx

e2x  2
dx
 
n 1
x (1  x )  ( 2n  1) (1  x
2 n
) dx  2n (1  x )
2 n 2
dx
(b) 1

 d (e 2 x  2)

x(1  x 2 ) n 2n
2n  1 
e 2
2x
(1  x 2 ) n dx   (1  x ) 2
dx n 1
2n  1
 ln | e 2 x  2 | C
(c) Substituting n = 2 into the result of (b), we have
1 x(1  x 2 ) 2 4
  
1 x
e dx (1  x 2 ) 2 dx   (1  x 2 ) dx
x 5 5
(c)

e 1 x
( 2) d (1  x) x(1  x 2 ) 2 4 4
  2e1 x
C

5

5 
dx 
5 
x 2 dx

x(1  x 2 ) 2 4 x 4 x 3
   C
Quick Practice 11.13 (p. 11.21) 5 5 15
1 A B
(a)  
9 x  4 3x  2 3x  2
2

Quick Practice 11.15 (p. 11.29)

1 A(3x  2)  B (3 x  2)
 dy
9x  4
2
9x2  4  2 x(3 x  4)
dx
1  A(3x  2)  B (3 x  2)
(a)  6 x 2  8x
1  (3 A  3B ) x  ( 2 B  2 A)
y
 (6 x 2
 8 x ) dx

3 A  3B  0 (1)  2x3  4x 2  C

∴
 When x = –3, y = 0

 2 A  2 B  1 (2) ∴ 0  2(3) 3  4(3) 2  C

C  18
1 1 ∴ The equation of the curve is y = 2x3 + 4x2 + 18.
Solving (1) and (2), we have A   , B 4 (b) When x = 0, y = 2(0)3 + 4(0)2 + 18
4
= 18
1
(b)
 9x 2
4
dx Slope of the tangent at (0, 18) is given by
dy
dx x 0
0.

 1 1  The equation of tangent is y = 18.


∴
    du
 4(3 x  2) 4(3 x  2)  Quick Practic 11.16 (p. 11.29)
1 1 1 1

4 3x  2 
dx 
4 3x  2
dx

138
NSS Mathematics in Action Module 2 Vol.2 Full Solutions

1 Quick Practice 11.18 (p. 11.35)

d 2 y 3 2
 x (a) v 
 10e
t
dt  10e  t  C
dx 2 2 When t = 0, v = 0.
1
dy 3 0  10e 0  C


 x 2
dx
dx 2 C  10
1 ∴ The velocity is (–10e–t + 10) m/s vertically
 3 x  C1
2 downwards.
1 s
 v dt
y
 (3x 2
 C1 ) dx (b)

 (10e
t
 10) dt
3 t
 10e  10t  C1
 2 x  C1 x  C 2
2
When t = 0, s = 0.
When x = 1, y = 2
0  10e 0  10(0)  C1
2  2  C1  C 2
C1  10
C1  C 2  0  (1)
∴ s  10e t  10t  10
When x = 4, y = 19
19  16  4C1  C 2 When t = 5, s = 10e–5 + 5  10 – 10 = 40.07 m (cor. to the
nearest 0.01 m)
4C1  C 2  3 (2) ∴ The vertical distance travelled is 40.07 m.
Solving (1) and (2), we have C1 = 1, C2 = –1
3 Quick Practice 11.19 (p. 11.37)
∴ The equation of the curve is y  2 x 2  x  1 . (a) Let s m be the height of the stone at time t seconds and any
quantities pointing upwards are taken as positive.
Quick Practice 11.17 (p. 11.31) d 2s
∵  10
d2y dt 2
 6( x  1)
ds
(a)
dx 2
 6x  6
∴
dt

  10 dt  10t  C 1

dy ds

 (6 x  6)dx When t = 0,  10.
dx dt
∴ C1 = 10
 3 x 2  6 x  C1 s 
 (10t  10) dt  5t  10t  C 2
2

dy
∴ 0 When t = 0, s = 40
dx x  1 ∴ C2 = 40
3(1) 2  6( 1)  C1  0 ∴ The height is (–5t2 + 10t + 40) m above sea level at
∴ time t.
C1  9 25  5t 2  10t  40
dy 5t 2  10t  15  0
 3x 2  6 x  9 (b)
dx
t 2  2t  3  0
y
 (3x  6 x  9) dx
2
(t  3)(t  1)  0
 x  3x  9 x  C 2
3 2 ∴ t  3 or t  1 (rejected)
∴ The curve passes through (–1, 4). ∴ The required time is 3 seconds after the stone is
thrown upwards.
4  ( 1) 3  3( 1) 2  9( 1)  C 2
∴ C 2  1
∴ The equation of the curve is y = x3 – 3x2 – 9x – 1.
dy
0
dx ds
(b) (c)  10t  10
3x 2  6 x  9  0 dt
x 2  2x  3  0 ds
When  0 , t = 1.
( x  3)( x  1)  0 dt
∴ x = 3 or x = –1 (rejected) d 2s
2  10  0
d y dt 2
For x = 3,  6(3  1)  12  0
dx 2 ∴ s attains its maximum at t = 1.
3
When x = 3, y = 3 – 3(3) – 9(3) – 1 2 Maximum height
∴ (3, –28) is a minimum point.

139
 11 Indefinite Integration (I)

 [ 5(1) 2  10(1)  40] m

 45 m above the sea level

Quick Practice 11.20 (p. 11.38)

dP
 k3 t
(a) dt
4
3k 3
P
 k 3 t dt 
4
t  C1
When t = 0, p = 20 000
4
3k
∴ 20 000  (0) 3  C1
40
C1  20 000
When t = 1, P = 30 000
4
3k
30 000  (1) 3  20 000
∴ 4
40 000
k
3
4
∴ P  10 000t 3  20 000
(b) When t = 8,
4
P  10 000(8) 3  20 000
 180 000

Quick Practice 11.21 (p. 11.39)

dV (t  1) 2

dt 10
(t  1) 2
V
 10
dt

1

10 
(t  1) 2 d (t  1)

1
 (t  1) 3  C1
30
When t = 0, V = 0.
1
0 (0  1) 3  C1
∴ 30
1
C1  
30
1 1
∴ V  (t  1) 3 
30 30
To fill up the container,
1
V  (6) 2  ( 20) cm3  240 cm3 .
3
1 1
240  (t  1) 3 
∴ 30 30
t  27.3 s (cor. to the nearest 0.1s)
∴ The time required is 27.3s.

140
NSS Mathematics in Action Module 2 Vol.2 Full Solutions

Exercise

Exercise 11A (p. 11.12)

Level 1
4
1.  2 dx  2 x  C
 7x 3
x dx 
 7 x 3 dx
4
2 2
2.  3
dx  x  C
3 11.
7
 x 3 dx

 7 
3 
 7 x 3   C
3.  2 x dx  x 2  C 

7 

7
1
x
4  3x 3  C
4. dx   C
3x 3
5
3 3 2
 6x
2
dx  6
x
2
dx  4x 2
x
dx 
 4
x dx

5. 1 3 3  2  2 
3
 6 x C 12.   x C
3
4  3 

 2x3  C
3
1 2
1
 x C
2
 8 x dx  8
 x 2 dx

 (x  
1 4
 x ) dx  x 4 dx  x dx
x 2 1 13.
6.  8 C 1 5 1 2
1  x  x C
1 5 2
2
3
16 2  3  1

3
x C
  x 2
 9 x  dx  3
 x 2
dx  9
 x dx
14. 1 2
5  3  ( 1) x 1  9  x C
7.  x
dx  5 x 1 dx
 3 9 2
2
 5 ln | x |  C   x C
x 2
5
5 1
x  (5 x x  x dx
2


4
 6 x ) dx  5 4
dx  6
x dx 
2
C 15.
5  x 5
 3x 2
C
8. 1
2
7 1
2 2

7
x C
16.  (2 x 8  x ) dx  2
 x 8 dx 
 x 2 dx
3
2 9 2
 x  x 2
C
2 9 3
  2x
7
dx  dx
x7
 1   1  1 1

  

9.  2   x 6   C  
 x  2 x  dx  x dx  2 x 2 dx
2
 6   
1 1
2 3
2
  6 C 17.
 2x 2  2  x C
3x 3
3
4 2
1
2 x x C
 x dx 
x
4 4
dx 3
10.
5
4 4 18.
 x C
5

141
 11 Indefinite Integration (I)

 ( x  1)(2 x  1) dx   (2 x  x  2 x  1) dx
e
1 4x
2
27.
4x
dx  e C
4

 (2 x  x  1) dx
2

2 3 1 2 1
 x  x xC
e e
3 x
3 2 3x
dx  dx
28.
1 3 x
 e C
 ( 2t  1)t 2 dt 
 ( 2t 3  t 2 ) dt 3

19. t4 1
 2  t3  C
4 3
1 4 1 3
 t  t C 29.  (x  e 2 x
) dx 
 x dx 
 e 2 x dx
2 3 1 2 1 2 x
 x  e C
2 2

 (2t  1)(3t  1) dt   (6t  t  1) dt

2

 2 
 1  e  (1  2e
4x
t3 t2 4x
 e x  dx   e x ) dx
20.  6  t C 
3 2
1 30.  e 4 x 
 2t 3  t 2  t  C  x  2   ex  C

2   4 
1 4x
 x e  ex  C
1  7x  x3 1  2
21.
 x
dx 
  x  7  x 2
 dx

1 3 dy
 3 x ( x  e)
 ln | x | 7 x  x C
3 dx

5 1 1 31.
y
 [3x( x  e)] dx
x3  x  1
  (x


y  (3 x  3ex) dx 2
dx  2
x x 2 2
) dx
22. x
3e 2
7 3 y  x3  x C
2 2 2
 x2  x2  2 x C
7 3
dy
 2x 1
 2  1  2  1 dx
23.   3  x 1  x  dx    3  x  x 2 

dx 32.
y
 (2 x  1) dx
 3 x  ln | x | 2 x 1  C y  x2  x  C

u2  4 (u  2)(u  2) dr
 u2
du 
 u2 du
dt
 (t   )(t  2 )


24.  (u  2) du dr
 t 2  t  2 2
33. dt
1 2
 u  2u  C r
 (t  t  2 2 ) dt
2
2
1 3  2
r t  t  2 2 t  C
( x  3)( x  1) 2
x  x  3x  3
3 2 3 2
 x2
dx 
 x2
dx
dr 1 1
 1 3   
25.
 
  x   3  2  dx
x x 
dt t t
1
dr 
1 3  t 1  t 2
 x 2  3 x  ln | x |   C 34. dt
2 x 1



r (t 1  t 2
) dt

e e
x 3
dx  e 3 x
dx
 ln | t |  2 t  C
26.
 e e
3 x
C
 e x 3  C Level 2

142
NSS Mathematics in Action Module 2 Vol.2 Full Solutions

x 2  x 1 x2  x 1
 4
x 3
dx 
 x
3
4
dx

t 3  3t 2  3t  1
t 1
dt 

(t  1)3

t 1
dt


 (t  1) dt
5 1 3 2
35.
 (x

 4  x  x ) dx4 4 43.


 (t  2t  1) dt
2
9 5 1
4 4
 x  x  4x  C
4 4 4

1 3
t  t2  t  C
9 5 3

5 7
44.
36.
 ( x 2  2 x) 2 dx 
 ( x 5  4 x 2  4 x 2 ) dx
x x

  ( 4e
9
1 8 4 ( 2e 2  3 x )(2e 2  3 x ) dx  x
 9 x 2 ) dx
 x6  x 2  x3  C
6 9 3
 4e x  3 x 3  C

2
 1  
2 
   x
4
 2  x  dx   x 2  dx
37. x  x 
1 3 1 3x  e kx
  x  2 ln | x |  x 3  C
3 3 (3) x  (e k ) x
45. (a)
3  ek
1

 y ( y  3) 2 dy 
 y ( y  6 y  9) dy k  ln 3
3 3 2

3 dx 
e
x x ln 3
7 4 1 dx

38.
 ( y  6 y  9 y ) dy
3 3 3

(b) e x ln 3
10 7 4  C
3 18 27 ln 3
 y 3
 y  y C
3 3
10 7 4 3x
 C
ln 3
39.
d 1 4x3
 2 3 1 
1 1 x4 1  
 
 
    dz  (2 z 2  3 z 1  z 3 ) dz dx 2 x4 1
 z z 3 z 46. (a)
  2x3
1 2 
3 x4 1
 4 z  3 ln | z | 
2
z C
3
2
x3 1 2 x3
(b)
 x4  1
dx 
2  x4  1
dx
(   )(   )   2 2

 2
d 
 2
d

1
2
x4  1  C
 2  1 1 
40. 
        d
  2   2  47. (a)
 2
1
 ln |  |   2  C d x d
2 4 (e x  1) e  ex (e x  1)
d  ex  dx dx
 
dx  e x  1  (e x  1) 2
41.
(e x  1)e x  e x  e x

 (2 x  1) dx   (16 x  32 x  24 x  8 x  1) dx
4 4 3 2
(e x  1) 2
16 5 ex
 x  8 x 4  8 x3  4 x 2  x  C
5 
(e x  1) 2
42. ex ex
(b)  (e x  1) 2
dx 
ex  1
C (From (a))

x ( x  1)(5 x  1) dx 
 (5 x  6 x  x ) dx
2 4 3 2

3 4 1 3 Exercise 11B (p. 11.23)

 x5  x  x C
2 3 Level 1

143
 11 Indefinite Integration (I)

1. u = 5x – 2 1 1 1
 7 x  2 dx  7  7 x  2 d (7 x  2)
∵
1
∴ du = 5 dx, i.e. dx  du 7.
5 1
 ln | 7 x  2 | C
1 4
 
7
(5 x  2) 4 dx  u du
5
1 1
 u5  C
 x( x  3) 4 dx 

( x 2  3) 4 d ( x 2  3)
2
25 8. 2
1 1
 (5 x  2) 5  C  ( x 2  3) 5  C
25 10

2. ∵ u = 3x + 4 1 1 1
1
∴ du = 3 dx, i.e. dx  du
 6x  1
dx 
6  6x  1
d (6 x  1)
3
9. 1
1 1 1  (2 6 x  1 )  C
(3 x  4) 6
dx 
3 u6
du
 1
6
1

1  (6 x  1) 2  C
  u 5  C 3
15
1
  (3 x  4)  5  C dx 1 1
15
10.
 2  5x

5 2  5x 
d (2  5 x)

1
  ln | 2  5 x | C
5

3. ∵ u=x–3 11.
∴ du = dx
1 1 1
   (3  2 x)  (3  2 x)
8
3
x  3 dx  u 3 du 8
dx   d (3  2 x )
2
3
4 1
 u3  C  (3  2 x ) 7  C
4 14
4
3
 ( x  3) 3  C 12.
4
1
 x (2 x  1)3 dx 

( 2 x 4  1)3 d ( 2 x 4  1)
3 4
4. ∵ u = 2 – 3x 8
1 1
∴ du = –3 dx, i.e. dx   du  ( 2 x 4  1) 4  C
3 32
1
 (2  3x) dx  

5
u 5 du
3
 3x (5 x  x 3 ) 5 dx  
 (5  x ) 5 d (5  x 3 )
3 3

1 1 13.
   u6  C 1
3 6  (5  x 3 ) 6  C
6
1
  (2  3x)6  C
18
2x2 2 1
14.
 x  27
3
dx 
3 x  27
3 
d ( x 3  27)

 ( x  2) dx 
 ( x  2) d ( x  2)
5 5
2
5.  ln | x 3  27 | C

1
( x  2) 6  C
3
6

 (2 x  1)( x  x  5) 3 dx
2
15.
1
 (4 x  5) dx 

( 4 x  5) 3 d ( 4 x  5)
3

 (x  x  5) 3 d ( x 2  x  5)
2

6. 4
1 1
 (4 x  5) 4  C  ( x 2  x  5) 4  C
16 4

16. Let u = x – 2. Then du = dx.

 2x x  2 dx

144
NSS Mathematics in Action Module 2 Vol.2 Full Solutions

4x  3
 2(u  2) u du
 B
23. (a)  A
2x  3 2x  3
3 1 ∴ 4 x  5  A( 2 x  3)  B

 ( 2u  4u ) du 2 2
Comparing coefficients of both sides, we have
4
5
8
3 2 A  4  (1)
 u  u C
2 2
5 3  3 A  B  5 ( 2)
4 2
3
10  Solving (1) and (2), we have A  2 , B  11
 u u  C
5  3 
4x  5  11 
4  4
3
 ( x  2) 2  x    C
5 3
 2x  3 dx    2  2x  3  dx

1
17. Let u = x + 3. Then du = dx. (b) 
 2 dx  11
 2 x  3 dx
11 1
 3x x  3 dx
 2  2 x  3 d (2x  3)
 2 dx 


 3(u  3) u du  2x 
11
2
ln | 2 x  3 | C
3 1


 (3u  9u ) du 2 2

6 A B
6
5 3 24. (a)  
 u 2  6u 2  C x 9 x3 x 3
2

5 ∴
6  A( x  3)  B( x  3)
3
6 Comparing coefficients of both sides, we have
 u (u  5)  C
2
5 A  B  0 (1)
3
6  3 A  3B  6 ( 2)
 ( x  3) ( x  2)  C
2
5 Solving (1) and (2), we have A  1 , B  1
6

e
2 x 1
dx 
1

e 2 x 1 d ( 2 x  1)
(b)
x 2
9
dx
2
18.  1 1 
1
 e 2 x 1  C

  x  3  x  3  dx
2
1 1

1

 x  3 d ( x  3)   x  3 d ( x  3)
e    ln | x  3 |  ln | x  3 | C
3x 4
dx  e3 x  4 d (3 x  4)
19. 3
x 3
1  ln C
 e3 x  4  C x3
3

1
e 
5 2 x
dx  e 5 2 x d (5  2 x )
20. 2
1 Level 2
  e 5 2 x  C
 (3x  6)( x 3  6 x  2) 5 dx
2
2 25.

1

 (x 3
 6 x  2) 5 d ( x 3  6 x  2)

 xe 
2 2
x 1
dx  e x 1d ( x 2  1) 1
2  ( x 3  6 x  2) 6  C
21. 6
1 x 2 1
 e C
2
1 1 1
 3  2x
dx  
2  3  2x
d (3  2 x )
ex 1
22.  e 3
x
dx 
ex  3 
d (e x  3) 26.

1
 2(3  2 x) 2  C
1

 ln (e x  3)  C 2
1
  (3  2 x ) 2  C

145
 11 Indefinite Integration (I)

x2 u 1
27.  ( x  4 x  3) dx 1
2

2 2
 3 du
1 1 3 u2

 d ( x 2  4 x  3)
u7
2 ( x  4 x  3)

2 2
 du
1 9u 2
  ( x 2  4 x  3) 1  C
2  1 7  1 

    2   du
 9u 9  u  
1
x4 1
  (1  x )

dx   5 6
d (1  x 5 ) 1 7
6 5
 ln | u |  u 1  C
28. 1 x 5
9 9
6
5 1 7
 (1  x 5 ) 6  C  ln | 3x  1 |  C
25 9 9(3 x  1)

29. du
34. Let u = x2 + 2, then du = 2x dx, i.e. dx 
2 u2
x 2 1 1 1
 x  3x  1
3
dx 
3 x  3x  1
3 
d ( x 3  3 x  1)
 x x  2 dx
3 2

1 3
 ln | x 3  3 x  1 | C du
3

 (u  2)  u 
2 u2
2

1
2
3
 4 1  5 5   (u  2) u du
30.
  x  2  x   2  dt
 x  x  3 1
1
2
1 5 5   5 5 
3
 (u  2u ) du 2 2
  x   2 d  x   2
5 x   x  5 3
1 2
1  5 5 
4
 u2  u2 C
  x   2  C 5 3
20  x  5 3
1 2 2
 ( x  2) 2  ( x 2  2) 2  C
1 1 5 3
31.  x ( x  1)
dx  2
 x 1
d ( x  1)
1
xe 
 x 4 1 4
 2 ln( x  1)  C
3
dx   e  x 1d (  x 4  1)
35. 4
1 4
32. Let u = 1 + x. Then du = dx.   e  x 1  C
x 4
 3
1 x
dx
e3 x 1 1


u 1
3
u
du  e 3x
2
dx 
3  e 3x
2
d (e 3 x  2)

1
2 1 36. 1
 (u

 3
u 3
) du   2(e 3 x  2) 2  C
3
1
3 3
5 2 2 3x
 u3  u3 C  (e  2) 2  C
5 2 3
5 2
3 3
 (1  x) 3  (1  x) 3  C 1 1
1 x 1
5 2
1
37.  x 2
e dx   e x d  
x 
33. Let u = 3x – 1. Then dx  du. 1
3  ex C
x2
 (3 x  1) 2
dx
38.

 (2 x  1)e e
x 2  x 3 x 2  x 3
dx  d ( x 2  x  3)
2
 x 3
 ex C

146
NSS Mathematics in Action Module 2 Vol.2 Full Solutions

e x  ex
39.  (3x
2
 2)e x3  2 x
dx 
e
x3  2 x
d ( x  2 x)
3 40.  e x  1  ex
dx
32 x
 ex C 1

 e 1 e
x x
d (e x  1  e  x )

1
 2( e x  1  e  x ) 2  C

(ln x ) 4
 dx 
 (ln x) d (ln x)
4

41. x
1
 (ln x) 5  C
5

ln 4 x
42.
 x
dx 
 ln 4 x d (ln 4 x)
1
 (ln 4 x ) 2  C
2

5x A B
43. (a)  
2 x  3x  2 x  2 2 x  1
2

∴
5 x  (2 x  1) A  B( x  2)  (1)
Substituting x = 2 into (1),
10  5 A
A2
1
Substituting x   into (1),
2
5 5
  B
2 2
B 1
5x
(b)
 2 x  3x  2
2
dx

 2 1 

  x  2  2 x  1  dx
2 1 1

 x  2 d ( x  2)  2  2 x  1 d (2 x  1)
1
 2 ln | x  2 |  ln | 2 x  1 | C
2

4 x 2  10 x  1 B C
44. (a)  A 
( 2 x  1)( x  3) (2 x  1) ( x  3)
∴ 4x2 + 10x + 1 = A(2x – 1)(x + 3) + B(x + 3) +
C(2x – 1)  (1)
1
Substituting x  into (1),
2
7
7
B
2
B2
Substituting x = –3 into (1),
7  7C
C  1
By comparing coefficient of x2 of both sides of (1),

147
 11 Indefinite Integration (I)

4  2A dy
 (t  1) 3
A2 dt
y
 (t  1)
3
dt
1.


 (t  1) d (t  1)
3

4 x 2  10 x  1 1
(b)
 ( 2 x  1)( x  3)
dx 
4
(t  1) 4  C

When t = 0, y = 2
1
 2 1  2 (0  1) 4  C


2 
 2 x  1

x  3
 dx ∴ 4
7
1 1 C


2 dx  2
2x  1 
dx 
x3
dx
 4
1 7
1 1 y (t  1) 4 
  
∴
 2 dx  d ( 2 x  1)  d ( x  3) 4 4
2x  1 x3
 2 x  ln | 2 x  1 |  ln | x  3 | C  dy 2
 2  3t 3
dt t
2x  1
 2 x  ln  C
 (2t
2. 2
x3 y  3t 3 ) dt

3 4
 2t 1  t C
45. (a) 4
When t = 1, y = 1
y  ( 2 x  1) n e x 3 4
1  2(1) 1  (1)  C
dy d d x ∴ 4
 ex ( 2 x  1) n  ( 2 x  1) n e
dx dx dx 9
C
d 4
 e x n( 2 x  1) n 1 ( 2 x  1)  (2 x  1) n e x
dx y
3 4
t  2t 1 
9
∴
 ( 2 x  1) n e x  2n(2 x  1) n 1 e x 4 4
(b) From the result of (a), we have
dy 1 1
dy  
dx
 ( 2 x  1) n e x  2n( 2 x  1) n 1 e x dt t t 2
3.
( 2 x  1) n 1 e x dxy   1 1
 dy   (2 x  1) 
e x dx  2n

n
  2  dt
t t 
( 2 x  1) e 
 (2 x  1) e dx  2n
 ( 2 x  1) n 1 e x dx
n x n x

 ln t  t 1  C
 (2 x  1) 
n 1
n
e x dx  ( 2 x  1) n e x  2n ( 2 x  1) e x dx When t = e, y = 1
(c) (i) Substituting n = 1 into the result of (b), we have 1  ln(e)  (e) 1  C
∴ 1
C
 (2 x  1)e dx  ( 2 x  1)e x  2
e
x x
dx e
 ( 2 x  1)e x  2e x  C 1
∴ y  ln t  t 1 
 ( 2 x  1)e x
C e

(ii) Substituting n = 2 into the result of (b), we have dy

 e 2x
dx
 (2 x  1)  (2 x  1)e
 e dx
2
e x dx  ( 2 x  1) 2 e x  4 x
dx
y 2x

From the result of (c)(i), 4.

1
2
 2x
e d (2 x)
 ( 2 x  1) 2 e x dx  ( 2 x  1) 2 e x  4[( 2 x  1)e x  C ]

 ( 2 x  1) 2 e x  4( 2 x  1)e x  C 1 2x
 e C
2
When x = ln 5, y = 14
Exercise 11C (p. 11.31)
Level 1

148
NSS Mathematics in Action Module 2 Vol.2 Full Solutions

1 2 ln 5 1
14 
e C 1  C
2 1
1 C  2
14  e ln 25  C 1
∴ 2 ∴ y 2
1 x
14  (25)  C L.H.S.  y  2
2 (b)
3 1
C R.H.S.  2
2 x
1 2x 1
∴ y (e  3)  2
2 2
3

d 2
 1  3e t
dt ∵ L.H.S.  R.H.S.
5.
 
 (1  3e ) dt ∴ The curve does not pass through (2, –2).
t

 t  3e t  C dy
 8x 3  6x
When t = 0,  = 5 dx
8. (a)
5  0  3e 0  C y
 (8 x  6 x ) dx
3

C 8
  t  3e t  8  2 x 4  3x 2  C
∴
When x = –1, y = 3
∴ 3  2( 1) 4  3( 1) 2  C
dy 1 k
  2 C4
6. (a) dx x x ∴ The equation of the curve is y = 2x4 – 3x2 + 4.
d2y 1 2k dy
2
 2  3 0
dx x x (b) dx
2
d y 8x 3  6 x  0
When x = 1,  3
dx 2 x(2 x  3 )(2 x  3)  0
1 2k 3 3
3  2
 3 ∵ x = 0 or or 
∴ 1 1 2 2
 3  1  2k When x = 0, y = 2(0)4 – 3(0)2 + 4 = 4
k 1 3
When x  ,
2
dy 1 1
   3 
4

2

dx x x 2 y  2   3 3   4  23
(b)  2   2  8
1 1     

y    2  dx
x x  When x  
3
,
2
 ln | x |  x 1  C 4 2
 3    23
When x = e, y = 1 y  2    3  3  4
1  2   2  8
1  ln e  e C    
1  3 23 
C ∴ The points are (0, 4),  , ,
e  2 8 
1  
∴ y  ln | x |  x 1    3 , 23 .
e 
 2 8 

dy 1
 2 dy
 4 x3  2 x  1
dx x dx
9. (a)
 1 
7. (a)
 y
 (4 x  2 x  1) dx
3
y    2  dx
 x 
 x4  x2  x  C
1 When x = –2, y = 24
 C
x ∴ 24  ( 2) 4  (2) 2  (2)  C
When x = 1, y = –1
C2

149
 11 Indefinite Integration (I)

∴ y  x4  x2  x  2  9 65 
∴ The maximum point is  , .
dy
 1 4 4 
dx
Level 2
(b) 4 x 3  2 x  1  1
dy ln x  1

4x3  2x  0 dx x
2 x ( 2 x 2  1)  0 ln x  1
x=0 12. (a)
y
 x
dx
When x = 0, y = 04 + 02 – 0 + 2 = 2
∴ The required point is (0, 2). 
 (ln x  1) d (ln x  1)

1
dy  (ln x  1) 2  C
 x( x  1) 2
dx When x = e, y = –2,
 x2  x 1
10. (a) 2 (ln e  1) 2  C
y
 ( x 2  x) dx ∴ 2
C  2
1 3 1 2
 x  x C 1
3 2 y  (ln x  1) 2  2
When x = 0, y = 1 2
1 1 1
1  03   0 2  C
∴  [(ln x ) 2  2 ln x  1]  2
∴ 3 2 2
C 1 1 3
 (ln x ) 2  ln x 
1 3 1 2 2 2
∴ y x  x 1
3 2 (b) When y = 0,
dy 1 3
(b)  02  0  0 0  (ln x) 2  ln x 
dx x 0 2 2
When x = 0, y = 1 1
0  (ln x  1) 2  2
∴ The equation of the tangent is y = 1, which is 2
parallel to the x-axis.
(ln x  1)  4
2

g ( x )  3  2 x ln x  1  2
ln x  1  2 or
ln x  1
 (3  2
∴ ln x  3 or
11. (a) g ( x)  x ) dx
1
x  e3 or x
4
3 e
∴  3x  x 2
C
3
f ( x )  8 x  k
g (9)  5

5  3(9) 
4
3
(9) 2  C
f ( x) 
 (8 x  k ) dx
∴ 13. (a)  4 x 2  kx  C
3
C  14 f ( 2)  0
4
3
0  4( 2) 2  k ( 2)  C
∴ g ( x)  3 x  x 2
 14
3 0  16  2k  C  (1)

g ( x)  0 3
f 0
4
3 2 x  0 2
9 3 3
x 0  4   k    C
(b) 4 4 4
1 0  9  3k  4C  (2)
g ( x)  
x (1)  4 – (2):
0  55  11k
9 2 k 5
g      0
4
  3 (b) Put k = 5 into (1), we have
9 16  2(5)  C  0
∴ y = g(x) attains its maximum at x  .
4 C  6
3
9  9  4  9 2 65
g    3      14 
4  4 3 4 4
150
NSS Mathematics in Action Module 2 Vol.2 Full Solutions

f ( x )  4 x 2  kx  C dy
∴  1 .
 4x 2  5x  6 dx x 1

1

∴  1  2(1) 2
C
d2y
2
 x2 C 1
dx 1
dy dy 


14. (a)  2 x 2  1
 x 2 dx
dx dx
1
1


 x3  C y ( 2 x 2
 1) dx
3
1
dy
2  4 x 2  x  C1
dx x 0
When x = 4, y = 6
1 1
2  (0) 3  C
3 ∴ 6  4(4) 2  4  C1
C2
C1  10
dy 1 3
 x 2 1
dx 3 ∴ y  4 x 2  x  10
1 
∴
3 
y   x 3  2  dx

dy 1

dx 2
1 4 1
1
 x  2 x  C1  2x

2
1 
12 2
(b)
When x = 0, y = 4
2 1
1 
4 (0) 4  2(0)  C1 x 2
12
C1  4 4 x
x4 x  16
∴ y  2x  4 1
12 When x = 16,
y  4(16) 2  16  10  10 .
24 ∴ The required point is (16, 10).
k  2( 2)  4
(b) (i) 12
28 ds
k  12m  4
3 dm
16. (a)

(ii)
dy 1
 ( 2) 3  2 
14 s
 (12m  4) dm
dx 3 3
x 2 s  6m 2  4m  C1
∴ Equation of the tangent is When m = 2, s = 24, we have
14
y x  C2 . ∴ 24  6( 2) 2  4(2)  C1
3
C1  8
28
When x = 2, y 
3 s  6m 2  4m  8
28 14 ∴ dp
 ( 2)  C 2 s
3 3 dm
C2  0  6m 2  4m  8
 (6m
2
14 p   4m  8) dm
∴ The equation of the tangent is y  x. ∵
3  2 m 3  2 m 2  8m  C 2
When m = 2, p = 12, we have
d2y 1 12  2( 2) 3  2( 2) 2  8( 2)  C 2

dx 2 x x C2  4
15. (a) 3
dy

 p  2m 3  2m 2  8m  4
∴
 x 2
dx
dx
1

 2 x 2
C

151
 11 Indefinite Integration (I)

s  6 k k
2
( 2) 2  3( 2)  C1  (1) 2  3( 1)  C1
6m  4m  8  6 2 2
6m 2  4m  2  0 k
2k  6   3
(b) 2
3m 2  2m  1  0
k  6
(3m  1)(m  1)  0
1 dy
m or 1  3 x 2  3 x  C1
3 dx

 ( 3 x
(b) y 2
 3 x  C1 ) dx
2
d y 4 3 2
6 x  x3  x  C1 x  C 2
dx 2 x3 2
dy  4 

17. (a)
  6 x  3  dx
dx  x 
3 When x = 1, y = 1, we have
 4 x  2 x  C1
2 2 3
1  (1) 3  (1) 2  C1 (1)  C 2
dy 2
When x = 4,  32 , we have 1
dx C1  C 2 
3 2
32  4(4)  2(4)  2  C12 When x = 0, y = 0, we have
3
1 0  0 3   0 2  C1  0  C 2
C1  2
8 C2  0
3
dy 1
∴  4 x 2  2 x 2  1
dx 8 ∴ C1 
2
 3  3 2 1
 4 x 2  2 x 2  1  dx
(b)
y
 
 8 
∴ y   x3 
2
x  x
2

5
8 2 1 d2y
 x  2 x 1  x  C 2  e 2x  4
5 8 dx 2
∵ (1, 3) is a point on the curve. dy
8 1
5
3  (1) 2  2(1) 1  (1)  C 2 dx 
 (e 2 x  4) dx
∴ 5 8 19. (a) 1
 e 2 x  4 x  C1
29 2
C2  
40 1 
∴ y
8 2
5
1
x  2 x 1  x 
29 
y   e 2 x  4 x  C1  dx
 2 
5 8 40 1 2x
 e  2 x 2  C1 x  C 2
4
d2y  5
 kx  3 ∵ The curve passes through A  0,   , we
dx 2  4
dy

18. (a) have
 (kx  3) dx
dx 5 1 2( 0)
  e  2(0) 2  C1 (0)  C 2
1 4 4
 kx 2  3x  C1
2 3
C2  
dy dy 2

dx x2 dx x  1  1 
∴ ∵ The curve passes through B  1,  , we
 4e 2 
have

152
NSS Mathematics in Action Module 2 Vol.2 Full Solutions

1 1 3 d2y
2
 e 2 ( 1)  2( 1) 2  C1 ( 1)   12 x  6
4e 4 2 dx 2
1 21. (a)
dy
C1 
2 dx 
 (12 x  6) dx
1 1 3  6 x 2  6 x  C1
∴ y  e2x  2x 2  x 
4 2 2
∵ y = g(x) has a minimum point at (1, –1).
dy 1 1 dy
 e 2 ( 1)  4( 1)  ∴  0 at x = 1.
(b) dx x  1 2 2 dx
1 7 0  6(1) 2  6(1)  C1
  ∴
2e 2 2
C1  12
y
 (6 x  6 x  12) dx
2
d2y
2
 4e  2 x
dx  2 x 3  3 x 2  12 x  C 2
20. (a) When x = 1, y = –1, we have
dy
dx 
 (4e  2 x ) dx
∴  1  2(1) 3  3(1) 2  12(1)  C 2
 2e  2 x  C C2  6
∵ The tangent to the curve at point A has a gradient ∴ y  2 x 3  3 x 2  12 x  6
of 4.
dy
4  2e 2 ( 0 )  C 0
dx
C 6
∴ (b) 6 x 2  6 x  12  0

 (2e
2 x
y  6) dx
x2  x  2  0
2 x
e  6 x  C1 ( x  2)( x  1)  0
x = –2 or 1 (rejected)
d2y
When x = 0, y = ln 3 + 1, we have  12( 2)  6  18  0
2 ( 0 ) dx 2
∴ 3 ln 3  1  e  6(0)  C1 x  2
∴ y = g(x) attains its maximum at x = 2.
C  3 ln 3 When x = 2,
∴ y  e 2 x  6 x  3 ln 3
y  2( 2) 3  3(2) 2  12( 2)  6  26
dy ∴ (–2, 26) is a maximum point.
0
dx
(b)
 2e  2 x  6  0
1
x   ln 3
2 22. (a) ∵ The curve touches the x-axis at x = 2.
1 ∴ Slope of tangent = 0 at x = 2
When x   ln 3 ,
2 ∴ 2a  4  0
 1  a2
 2   ln 3 
 1 
ye  2
 6  ln 3   3 ln 3
 When x = 2, y = 0, we have
 2  [ 2( 2)  4](2  2)  k  0
 e ln 3  3 ln 3  3 ln 3 k 0
3 (b) Slope of tangent at x = a is given by –2a + 4.
∵ dy
 2 x  4
 1  dx
d2y  2   ln 3 
∴
 4e  2 
 4e ln 3  0
dx 2 1
x   ln 3
2

y  ( 2 x  4) dx

 x 2  4x  C
 1 
∴   ln 3, 3  is a minimum point. ∵ The curve passes through (2, 0).
 2 
∴ 0  2 2  4(2)  C
C  4
∴ y  x2  4x  4

Exercise 11D (p. 11.39)

153
 11 Indefinite Integration (I)

∴ 06 4 C
v(t )  6  4t
C  12
1.  v(t ) dt
s (t ) 
∴
1
s (t )  6t 2  12

 (6  4t ) dt

 6t  2t 2  C a (t )  6t (t  2)  6t 2  12t
∵ s(0) = 0 6.
v (t ) 
 (6t  12t ) dt
2

∴ 0  6(0)  2(0) 2  C
C 0  2t 3  6t 2  C
∵ v(0) = 5
∴ s (t )   2t 2  6t
∴ 5  2(0)3  6(0) 2  C
v (t )  3et  8t  1 C 5
v (t )  2t 3  6t 2  5
 v(t ) dt
∴
s (t ) 
2.
 (2t
3
s (t )   6t 2  5) dt

 (3e  8t  1) dt
t

1 4
 3et  4t 2  t  C ∵  t  2t 3  5t  C
2
∵ s(0) = 0
s ( 0)  0
∴ 0  3e 0  4(0) 2  0  C
1
C  3 ∴ 0  0 4  2  0 3  5  0  C1
s (t )  3et  4t 2  t  3
2
∴
C1  0
4 1 4
v(t )  ∴ s (t )  t  2t 3  5t
2
2t  3
4
3. s (t ) 
2t  3
dt 7. (a) Let s m be the height of the ball from the ground after
t seconds.
1 ds
2
 2t  3
d (2t  3)
dt
 5  10t

∵
 2 ln (2t  3)  C
s(0) = 0
s
 (5  10t ) dt
 5t  5t 2  C
∴ 0  2 ln | 2(0)  3 | C
When t = 0, s = 0
C  2 ln 3
s (t )  2 ln (2t  3)  2 ln 3 ∴ 0  5(0)  5(0) 2  C
∴
C 0
∴ s = 5t – 5t2
∴ The required height is (5t – 5t2) m.

3
v(t ) 
2 t ds
4. 3 (b)  5  10t
s (t ) 
2 t
dt dt
ds 1
When 0, t 
3 t C dt 2
∵ s(1) = 0 d 2s
03 1C  10  0
∴ dt 2
C  3
1
1
∴ s attains its maximum at t  .
∴ s (t )  3t 2
3 2
 1 1 
2

 5   5   m
3
v(t )  Maximum height   2   2  
t 5
5.  m
3
s (t ) 
 t
dt 4
When the ball reaches the ground again,
6 t C
∵ s(4) = 0

154
NSS Mathematics in Action Module 2 Vol.2 Full Solutions

5t  5t 2  0 T0  0 ln 2
95  e  C1  (1)
t (1  t )  0 ln 2
t  1 or 0 (rejected) When t = 1, T = 60, we have
T0 1ln 2
8. (a) Let s m be the displacement at t seconds. 60  e  C1  ( 2)
ln 2
ds
 10  23 t 1
dt (1) – (2): 35  (T0e  ln 2  T0 )
1
ln 2
s
 (10  2t 3 ) dt ∴ T0  70 ln 2 (3)
Put (3) into (1), we have
4
3 3 ( 70 ln 2)
 10t  t C 95   C1
2 ln 2
When t = 0, s = 0 C1  25
4
3 T  70 e t ln 2  25
∴ 0  10(0)  ( 0) 3  C ∴
2 T  (70e 2ln 2  25)C
(b)
C 0  42.5C
∴ The required displacement is
 4

10t  3 t 3 m. dx

2
 2  dt t  1
 
2
(b) When
ds
dt
0, 11. (a) x

t 1
dt

1
10  23 t  0
3
t 5
2

t 1
d (t  1)

 2 ln (t  1)  C
t  125
When t = 0, x = 0
2
d 2s 2 3 0  2 ln (0  1)  C
  t 0 for t > 0 ∴
dt 2 3 C 0
∴ Maximum displacement occurs at t = 125; ∴ x  2 ln (t  1) kg
Maximum displacement 10  2 ln (t  1)
 3
4
 (b) 5  ln (t  1)
 10  125   125 3 m
 2  t  147 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
 
 312.5 m ∴ It takes 147 minutes.

Level 2
dF
 9800 wh dv
dh  8t 2  1
9. (a) dt
F
 9800 wh dh 12. (a) v
 (8t
2
 1) dt
F  4900 wh  C1 2
8 3
When F = 0, h = 0, we have  t t C
3
0  4900  w  0 2  C1 When t = 0, v = 0
C1  0 8
∴ 0 ( 0) 3  0  C
∴ F  4900 wh 2 3
F  4900  100  30 2 units
C 0
(b) 8 3
 4.41 108 units ∴ v t t
3
dT
 T0 e  t ln 2 ds 8 3
dt  t t
dt 3
10. (a)
Te
 t ln 2
T dt
8 

0
(b)
s   t 3  t  dt
 T0  t ln 2 3 
 e  C1
ln 2 2 1
When t = 0, T = 95, we have  t 4  t 2  C1
3 2
When t = 0, s = 10

155
 11 Indefinite Integration (I)

2 1 5
10  (0) 4  (0) 2  C1 s  10( 4) 2  ( 4)3
∴ 3 2 3
C1  10 1
 53 m
2 4 1 2 3
∴ s t  t  10
3 2 (c) Let v m/s be the velocity of the snooker balls t seconds
after.
13. Let v m/s be the velocity of the toy car after leaving P for t
seconds. v  20t  5t 2
dv  5(t 2  4t )
 2(1  e  t )
dt  5(t  2) 2  20
 2  2e  t ∴ The maximum velocity is 20 m/s.

 (2  2e
t
v ) dt
16. (a) (i) v = a + bt2
 2t  2e  t  C When t = 0, v = 3,
∴ 3  a  b ( 0)
2
When t = 0, v = 0, we have
0  2(0)  2e 0  C a3

C  2 Let s m be the displacement of the motorcycle at

time t seconds.
∴ v  2t  2e t  2
ds
When t = 2, v
dt
v  2( 2)  2e 2  2
 3  bt 2
 2.27
s
 (3  bt ) dt
2
∴ The required velocity is 2.27 m/s.

dN bt 3
 160e 0.01t  4600  3t  C
dt 3
14. (a) When t = 0, s = 0
N 
 (160e0.01t  4600) dt
0  3(0) 
b(0)3
C
 16 000 e 0.01t
 4600t  C ∴
3
When t = 0, N = 1 C0
∴ 1  16 000  e 0.01( 0 )  4600(0)  C When t = 30, s = 0
C  15 999 b(30)3
0  3(30) 
∴ N  16 000e  4600t  15 999
0.01t
∴ 3
(b) (i) When t = 4, 1
b
N  16 000e 0.01( 4 )  4600( 4)  15 999 100
 19 100 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) (ii) When t = 30,
(ii) When t = 52, 1
v  3 (30) 2
100
N  16 000e 0.01( 52 )  4600(52)  15 999
 6
 250 000 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) ∴ The required velocity is –6 m/s.
1 3
15. (a) Let s m be the distance rolled by the snooker ball (b) s  3t  t
t seconds after. 300
ds 1
 20t  5t 2 s  3  15   153
dt When t = 15, 300
 33.75
s
 (20t  5t 2
) dt
∴ The required displacement is 33.75 m.
5
 10t  t 3  C
2
1
3 dh
When t = 0, s = 0,  4t 3
dt
5
0  10(0) 2  (0)3  C 17. (a) 1


∴ 3 h  4t dt 3

C0
4
 5 3
∴ Required distance = 10t  3 t  m
2
 3t 3  C
  When t = 0, h = 0.
(b) When t = 4,

156
NSS Mathematics in Action Module 2 Vol.2 Full Solutions

4 2

0  3(0 3 )  C For J , V  R 3
2
C 0  1 3
4   D
∴ 4 
h  3t 3 2
Let x cm be the length of each of the sides of the water 1 3
surface.    0.375 
4 
By similar triangles,
4  0.206 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
x 3t 3 ∴ For J, the maximum velocity is 0.206 m/s.

10 15
4
x  2t 3

Let V cm3 be the volume of water in the pyramid.

1 2
V  x h
3
4 4
1
 (2t 3 ) 2  (3t 3 )
3
 4t 4
∴ Volume of water  4t cm
4 3

(b) V = 4t4
1
(10) 2 (15)  4t 4
3
t 4  125
t  3.344 (in minutes)
 201 (in seconds) (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
∴ The time required is 201 s.

2
D
  
2 
18. (a) For J , R  
D
1
 D
4
1 2
x sin 60
For K , R  2
3x
1
 x
4 3
1
dV 2  3
 R
dR 3
(b) (i) 1
2 3
V 
 3
R dR
2

 R C 3

When cross section area = 0, R = 0

∴ V=0
2

∴ 0  03  C
C 0
∴

157
 11 Indefinite Integration (I)

2 2 1  2  x3  1  x 2 
For K , V  R
2
3   x  x  2  dx  
5 3 
    2x  C
5  3  3  2 
2
2 3 1 2
 1 3  x  x  2x  C
  x  15 6
4 3 
2
 1 3  (x
1
7.  e x ) dx  ln | x |  e x  C
   0.505 
4 3 
 0.174 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 8.
∴ For K, the maximum velocity is
 (3x  4)( x  3) dx 
 (3 x  9 x  4 x 2  12) d
2 3
0.174 m/s.
(ii) For J, maximum rate
3 4 4 3 9 2
2  x  x  x  12 x 
D 4 3 2
 0.20637  
 2 
2
( x  1)(3x  2) 3x 2  x  2
 0.375 
 0.20637  
 2 
   x
dx 
 x
dx

 2

 0.0228 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 9.   3 x  1   dx
∴ For J, the maximum rate of flow is  x
0.0228 m3 /s. 3 2
For K, maximum rate  x  x  2 ln | x | C
2
1
 0.17449 ( x 2 ) sin 60 1
2
1
 (u  2) 2 u du 
 (u 2  4u  4)u 2 du
 0.17449   (0.505 2 )  sin 60 5 3 1


2 10.
 (u 2
 4u 2  4u 2 ) du
 0.0193 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 7 5 3
2 2 8 2 8 2
∴ For K, the maximum rate of flow is  u  u  u C
0.0193 m3/s. 7 5 3
(iii) Drainpipe J is better because the maximum
rate of flow of water for J is larger than that
 (e  e  x ) 2 dx 
 (e  2  e 2 x ) dx
x 2x
for K.
11.
1 2x 1
 e  e2 x  2 x  C
2 2
Revision Exercise 11 (p. 11.45)
Level 1
1.  4 dx  4 x  C
12.
( x  3)( x  4) dx 
 (x  x  12) dx
3
1 2 2 2
 x2   x  x  12 x  C
2.  ( 2  4 x ) dx  2 x  4
 2 
C

2 3

 2x2  2x  C dy 1
 (1  x 2 )
dx x
5 3 3 2
 (5 y  3 y ) dy  y  y C 1

2
3. 3 2 y (1  x 2 ) dx
13. x
1 
1

   x  dx

4.
 4
z dz 
 z 4 dz x
1


4 4
5  ln | x |  x 2  C
 z C 2
5

dy 1
1  x2  x 
 (x
2
5.
7
 11 x ) dx  x 8  11 x 1  C dx 3x
8
 1 
6.
14.
 
y   x 2  x   dx
3x 
1 1 1
 x 3  x 2  ln | x |  C
3 2 3

158
NSS Mathematics in Action Module 2 Vol.2 Full Solutions

 x( x  4) dx
3

dz 3 1
 y

 (u  4)u du
3
dy y
 1
15.

z   3 y   dy
y

 (u  4u ) du
4 3

 1 5
4  u  u4  C
3 5
 y 3  ln | y | C 1
4  ( x  4)5  ( x  4) 4  C
5

dz
1 y  y2
dy
16. z
 (1  y  y ) dy
2

1 3 1 2
 y  y  yC
3 2

1 1 1
17.
 2t  3 dt  2  2t  3 d (2t  3)
1
 ln | 2t  3 | C
2

18.

2 1
 5 t (25t  7) 3 dt 

( 25t 2  7) 3 d ( 25t 2  7)
2
125
1
 (25t 2  7) 4  C
500

1
1 1
 

dx  (3 x  2) 2 d (3 x  2)
19. 3x  2 3
1
2
 (3 x  2) 2  C
3

20. Let z = u – 1, then dz = du.

 u u  1 du

 ( z  1) z dz
3 1


 ( z  z ) dz2 2

5 3
2 2 2
 z  z2 C
5 3
5 3
2 2
 (u  1) 2  (u  1) 2  C
5 3

21.

(5 x  3) 2 2
 x
dx 
5  (5 x  3) 2 d (5 x  3)

2
 (5 x  3) 3  C
15

22. Let u = x – 4, then du = dx.

159
 11 Indefinite Integration (I)

23. y  ( 2 x  1) x 2  x 
 (r  r 2  r  3) d ( r 3  r 2  r  3)
3

y
 (2 x  1) x  x dx
2 1 3
 ( r  r 2  r  3) 2  C
2

 x  x d ( x  x)
2 2

3
2
 ( x 2  x) 2  C
3
When x = 1, y = –2, we have
3 27.
2 2
2 (1  1) 2  C
3  2 s
2
 2 s  2
2

C  2   6 s   (24s  1) ds  2
 2   6s   d  6 s
 2 
3
2 2 2 2 s 
3
∴ y ( x  x)  2 2
  6s    C
3 3 2

1 1
ds 1 28.
 2t 3  t 5
dt 2
6u  1 1 1
 1
 1
1 
 3 du 
 d (3u 2  u
 3u  u  2 3 3u  u  2
24. (a) 2 2
s   2t 3  t 5  dt
 2
  2
1

4 6  (3u 2  u  2) 2  C
3 3 5 5 3
 t  t C
2 12
1 1
29.
ds 1
 2t 3  t 5 1
dt 2 3r 2  6r  2
 

(b)
2 4
dr  ( r 3  3r 2  2r ) 4
d (r 3 
2
d s 2  1  4
r  3r  2r
3 2
 t 3
 t 5
dt 2 3 10 4 3
3

2 4  (r  3r 2  2r ) 4  C
d 2s 2  1  3
2
 (1) 3  (1) 5
When t = 1, dt 3 10
17 30. Let u = x + 4, then du = dx.
 1 1
30
 ( x 4  4 x 3 ) 3 dx 
 x( x  4) 3 dx
1

25. (a)
N (t )  5000  250e 0.1t

 (u  4)u du 3

 (5000  250e
 0.1t
N (t )  ) dt 4 1

 5000t  2500e  0.1t  C

N(0) = 6 850 000

 (u  4u ) du3 3

7 4
3
6 850 000  5000(0)  2500e 0.1( 0 )  C  u 3  3u 3  C
7
C  6 847 500 7 4
3
∴  ( x  4) 3  3( x  4) 3  C
N (t )  5000t  2500e 0.1t  6 847 500 7
∴ The number of users after t months is
5000t + 2500e–0.1t + 6 847 500. x2
1

 
6
(b) When t = 6, dx  ( x  2) 2 dx
( 2  x) 6
N (6)  6 847 500  5000(6)  2500e 0.16 11


31. 
 ( x  2) 2 d ( x  2)
 6 879 000 (cor. to the nearest th ousand)
∴ The number of users 6 months from now is 9
2 
6 879 000.  ( x  2) 2  C
Level 2 9
 (r
3
26.  r 2  r  3)(3r 2  2 r  1) dr
1 1
32. Let u   1 , then du   2 dx.
x x

160
NSS Mathematics in Action Module 2 Vol.2 Full Solutions

1 1 33. Let u = x2 + 3, then du = 2x dx.

 x3 x
 1 dx
x ( x 2  1)( x 2  2) 1 ( x 2  1)( x 2  2)

 (u  1)
3
u
du
 (u  1) 2
 x 3
2
dx 
2  x2  3
(2 x

1 (u  2)(u  1)

 (u  1)u 2 du
1 
2  u
du

1 u 2  3u  2


1
(u 2  u 2 ) du
3 
2  u
du

1  2
2 2
 u2  u2 C
3 5
3 5 
2  
 u  3   du
u
5 3 1  u2 
   3u  2 ln | u |   C

21
  1
2

21
  1
2
C 
2 2
5x 3x 
 
( x 2  3) 2 3( x 2  3)
   ln | x 2  3 | C
4 2
1
 x 4  ln( x 2  3)  C
4

34. Let u  1  1 x .
1
Then du  dx , i.e. dx = 2(1 – u) du.
2 1 x
1 1
 1 1 x
dx 
u 
 2(1  u ) du

1 
 2   1 du
u  
 2(ln | u | u )  C 
 2 1  x  2 ln | 1  x  1 | C

 2x
5
35. 4
e x 2
dx

2

5
 e  x  2 d (  x 5  2)
5
2 5
  e  x 2  C
5

 (6 x  1)e
3x 2  x
36. dx

e
2
3x x
 d (3 x 2  x )
2
x
 e3x C

3
 x (ln x)
2
37. dx

3
 (ln x)
2
d (ln x )

 (ln x ) 3
C

38.

161
 11 Indefinite Integration (I)

d d  10  1  15  1 
u
x 1
, du 
( x  1)
dx
( x  1)  ( x  1)
dx
( x  1) 
dx  1  7  2 x  1   7  3x  2  dx
x 1 ( x  1) 2 10  1  1 15  1 

2
dx

 dx  7  2  2 x  1 d (2 x  1)  7  3 
( x  1) 2 1

∴
dx

du  3x  2 d (3x  2)
( x  1) 2
2 5 5
 x ln | 2 x  1 |  ln | 2 x  3 | C'
7 7

9x2  x  2 Ax  B C
41. (a)  2 
1 x 1 1
 ( x  1)( x  1) dx   x  1  ( x  1) 2x  x  x  3 x  x  1 2x  3
3 2
2
dx
∴
1
 2u du
  9 x 2  x  2  ( Ax  B )( 2 x  3)  C ( x 2  x  1)
1 1  ( 2 A  C ) x 2  ( 3 A  2 B  C ) x 
2 u
 du
( 3B  C )
1
  ln | u |  C
2
1 x 1
 ln C
2 x 1

1
39.  x 1  x2
dx

 1 x 1  x  2 

  x 1  x2

x 1  x  2 
dx


 ( x  1  x  2 ) dx

 x  1 d ( x  1)   x  2 d ( x  2)
3 3
2 2
 ( x  1) 2  ( x  2) 2  C
3 3

6x2  x  7 B C
40. (a)  A 
( 2 x  1)(3 x  2) 2 x  1 3x  2
∴

6 x 2  x  7  A( 2 x  1)(3 x  2) x  (3 x  2) B
 ( 2 x  1)C
By comparing coefficients of both sides, we have
6  6 A (1)
 1   A  3B  2C  (2)
 7  2 A  2 B  C  (3)
∴ Solving (1), (2) and (3), we have A  1 ,
10 15
B C 
7 , 7

6x2  x  7
(b)
 ( 2 x  1)(3 x  2)
dx

162
NSS Mathematics in Action Module 2 Vol.2 Full Solutions

By comparing coefficient of both sides, we have 6

9  2 A  C  (1) y   2x
x2
1  3 A  2 B  C  ( 2) 43. (a)
 6 
2  3B  C  (3)
Solving (1), (2), (3), we have

y   2  2 x  dx
x 
A  2 , B 1 , C  5
 6 x 1  x 2  C
9x2  x  2 20
(b)
 2 x3  x 2  x  3
dx ∵ The gradient of the curve at P(1, 4) is 
3
.

 2x  1 5 


 2 
 x  x  1 2x  3 
 dx

1 5 1 20

x  x 1
2
d ( x 2  x  1) 
2 2x  3 
d ( 2 x  3)∴ 
3
 6(1) 1  (1) 2  C

5 1
 ln | x 2  x  1 |  ln | 2 x  3 | C ' C
2 3
1
y   6 x 1  x 2 
42. (a) y  ( x  2) n e 2 x 3
 1
dy
 ( x  2) n
d 2x
e  e2 x
d
( x  2) n
∴

y    6 x 1  x 2   dx
 3
dx dx dx 1 1
 6 ln | x |  x 3  x  C1
d 3 3
 2( x  2) n e 2 x  e 2 x  n( x  2) n 1 ( x  2)
dx ∵ The curve passes through P(1, 4).
 2( x  2) n e 2 x  n( x  2) n 1 e 2 x 1 1
∴ 4  6 ln | 1 |  (1) 3  (1)  C1
(b) From the result of (a), we have 3 3
C1  4
dy
 2( x  2) n e 2 x  n( x  2) n 1 e 2 x 1 3 1
dx ∴ y  6 ln | x |  x  x4
3 3
 ( x  2)  ( x  2) e dx dy
n 1
y2 n
e 2 x dx  n 2x

1
 6( 2) 1  ( 2) 2 
 
e dx  n ( x  2) e dx dx 3
n 1
( x  2) e n 2x
 2 ( x  2) n 2x 2x
x  2
(b) 1
( x  2) n e 2 x n  3 4
 2
n 1
( x  2) n e 2 x dx   ( x  2) e dx 2x
3
2
(c) (i) Substituting n = 1 into the result of (b), we have 2

3
( x  2)e 2 x 1
 
( x  2)e 2 x dx   e 2 x dx 2
∴ The gradient required is  .
2 2 3
( x  2)e 2 x 1
  e2 x  C dx
2 4  5  e  2t
dt
(ii) Substituting n = 2 into the result of (b), we have
 (5  e
44. (a)  2t
x ) dt
( x  2) e2 2x
2
 ( x  2) e dx  
 ( x  2) e
2 2x 2x
dx 1  2t
2 2  5t  e  C1
2
From the result of (c)(i), we have ∵ When t = 0, x = 1.
 ( x  2) 2 2x
e dx 1 2( 0)
1  5(0)  e  C1
 ( x  2)e 2 x  2
( x  2) 2 e 2 x 1
   e 2 x  C  1
2  2 4  C1 
2
( x  2) 2 e 2 x ( x  2)e 2 x 1
   e2x  C x  5t 
1  2t 1
e 
2 2 4 ∴
2 2

163
 11 Indefinite Integration (I)

 1 1 dv
  5t  2 e  3 t  12t 3
2t
y   dt dt
(b) 2
5 2 1 2t 1
 t  e  t  C2
v
 (3 t  12t 3 ) dt
2 4 2 3
1  2t  3t 4  C1
2
When t = 0, y   , we have
4 When t = 0, v = 1.
3
1 5 1  2( 0) 1
∴  4  2 ( 0)  4 e  ( 0)  C 2
2
1  2(0) 2  3(0) 4  C1
2
C2  0 C1  1
3
5 2 1 2t 1 ∴
∴ y t  e  t v  2(1)  3(1) 4  1
2
2 4 2
3
When t = 1,
v  2(1) 2  3(1) 4  1  6
d2y
 36 x  42 ∴ The required velocity is 6 km/h.
dx 2 (b) Let s km be the displacement of the particle at time
45. (a) t hours.
dy

 (36 x  42) dx 3
dx
 18 x 2  42 x  C1
s
 ( 2t 2  3t 4  1) dt
5
4 2 3 5
 t  t  t  C2
5 5
∵ The curve has a local maximum point at
 1 71 
 , .
3 9 
dy 1
∴  0 at x 
dx 3
2
1 1
18   42   C1  0
3 3
C1  12
y
 (18 x  42 x  12) dx
2
∴
 6 x 3  21x 2  12 x  C2
 1 71 
∵ The curve passes through  , .
3 9 
3 2
71 1 1 1
∴  6   21   12   C2
9 3  3 3
C2  6
∴ y  6 x 3  21x 2  12 x  6

dy
0
dx
18 x 2  42 x  12  0
(b)
3x 2  7 x  2  0
(3x  1)( x  2)  0
1
x  (rejected) or x  2
3
d2y
For x = 2,  36( 2)  42  30  0
dx 2
∴ The curve attains a local minimum at x = 2.
When x = 2, y = 6(2)3 – 21(2)2 + 12(2) + 6 = –6
∴ (2, –6) is a minimum point of the curve.

46. (a) Let v m/s be the velocity of the particle.

164
NSS Mathematics in Action Module 2 Vol.2 Full Solutions

When t = 0, s = 0, we have dN
5
 N 0 ( S  1)e ( s 1) t
4 3 dt
0  (0) 2  (0)5  0  C2
5 5 48. (a) N 
 [N 0 ( S  1)e ( s 1) t ] dt
C2  0
e
( s 1) t
 N 0 ( S  1) dt
5
4 3
∴ s t  t5  t
2  N 0e ( S 1) t  C
5 5
5
4 3
When t = 4, s  (4) 2  (4) 5  4  644
5 5
∵ The direction of the motion does not change for
t  0.
∴ The distance travelled is 644 km.

47. (a) Let V cm be the volume of water in the container at

time t seconds.
3
4  30 
V  
3  2 
   t dt

1
 4500  t 2  C
2
3
4  30 
When t = 0, V     4500
3  2 
1
∴ 4500  4500  (0) 2  C
2
C 0
∴ Volume of water in the container at time t
 t2 
  4500  2  cm
 3

 

t2 
4500   [ 45(20 2 )  20 3 ]
(b) (i) 2 3
t 2  7330.4
t  85.6 s (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)


V  (45h 2  h 3 )
3
(ii) dV    45 2h dh   3h 2 dh 
   
dt 3  dt  dt 
dh
  (30h  h 2 )
dt
(iii) When h = 20,

dh
 t   (30h  h 2 )
dt
dh
 85.617   [30( 20)  202 ]
dt
dh
  0.136 cm/s (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
dt

165
 11 Indefinite Integration (I)

When t = 0, N = N0, we have 4 14

∴ The time taken to stop the car is s.
N 0  N 0 e ( S 1) 0  C 3
C 0
∴ N  N 0 e ( S 1) t
(b) (i) When S = 4, t = 2, we have (c) The length of the skid mark t seconds after the brake
N e ( 41) 2  9 2 
is applied    2 t  12 14 t  m
 403 (cor. to the nearest integer)  
∴ The number of people required is 403.
(ii) When S = 6, t = 2, we have
Challenging Questions (p. 11.49)
( 6 1) 2
N e 1. (a) u  xx
 22 026 (cor. to the nearest integer) ln u  x ln x
∴ The number of people required is 22 026. 1 du 1
(iii) When S = 0.6, t = 2, we have  x   ln x
u dx x
N  e ( 0.61) 2
1 du
0 (cor. to the nearest integer)  ln x  1
u dx
∴ The number of people required is 0.
du
 x x (1  ln x)
49. (a) Let s m be the dispacement of the car at t seconds, and dx
t0 s be the time that the car comes to a stop during (b)
braking.
dv d
 9
x (1  ln x) dx 

x
dt ( x x ) dx (by (a))
dx
v
  9 dt  xx  C

 9t  C1
t

s
 (9t  C1 ) dt
2. (a) Let
u2 5700

9 2 t
t  C1t  C 2 ln u   ln 2
2 5700
When t = 0, s = 0, we have 1 du ln 2
9  
0   (0) 2  C1 (0)  C 2 u dt 5700
2 ∴ du ln 2
C2  0  u
dt 5700
When t = t0, v = 0, we have t
ln 2 
0  9t 0  C1 du   (2 5700 ) dt
5700
C1
t0  dA ln 2 
t
9  A0  2 5700
When t = t0, s = 112, we have dt 5700
t
9 2 ln 2


112   t 0  C1t 0 A  A0  2 5700 dt
2 5700


2
9  C1  C   A du
112      C1  1  0
2 9   9 
 A0 u  C
1 2
112  C1 
t
18  A0  2 5700
C
C1  112  18  12 14 When t = 0, A = A0
0
∴ v  9t  12 14 
A0  A0  2 5700
C
When t = 0, v  9(0)  12 14  12 14
v0  12 14 m/s
C0
∴
t

C ∴ A  A0  2 5700
t0  1
(b) 9 (b)
12 14 4 14
 
9 3
166
NSS Mathematics in Action Module 2 Vol.2 Full Solutions

t

A  A0  2 5700

t

0.2 A0  A0  2 5700

t

0.2  2 5700

t
ln 0.2   ln 2
5700
t  13 200 years (cor. to the nearest 100 years)

167