14 Applications of Definite Integration

14 Applications of Definite Quick Practice 14.4 (p. 14.7)

Area
Integration 2 1


1
( x 3  3 x 2  4 x) dx 
0
( x 3  3 x 2  4 x) dx
0

Discussion

 2
( x 3  3 x 2  4 x) dx
2 1 0
 x4   x4   x4 
Discussion 14.1 (p. 14.8)   x3  2x 2     x3  2x 2     x3  2x 2 
 4 1  4 0  4  2
(a) When y = 4, x = 3(4)2 + 4 = 52.
3 35
∴ Area
 4  52 
 0
(3 y 2  y ) dy 
2
 208  72
 136 Quick Practice 14.5 (p. 14.8)
5
2 

(b) Area
 
 y  1
 dy
2  
 3
 1
    2 ln y  y  2
  4  52  (3 y 2  y ) dy    52  4 Area 5

 0  2
 136  104
2
 3  2 ln
5
 32

Quick Practice 14.6 (p. 14.9)

Quick Practice Area

7 3
Quick Practice 14.1 (p. 14.4)
 
4 4
3  (sin y  cos y )  dy  (sin y  cos y ) dy

 (x  1) dx 3
3
0
1 4
Area 3 3 3
1 
  x 4  x   sin y  cos y  4
7   sin y  cos y  0
4
4 1 4
 22
 3 2 1
Quick Practice 14.2 (p. 14.4)

Quick Practice 14.7 (p. 14.11)


1
 sec x tan x dx
Area
2
3 
4
[( x 3  6 x 2  10 x  4)  ( x 2  6 x  4)] dx

  sec x 
 1
2
3
Area

 4
( x 3  5 x 2  4 x ) dx

1  x4 5 
1

  x3  2x 2 
 4 3  4
Quick Practice 14.3 (p. 14.6)
45
(a) 
2 2 4
 x ( x  2)(2  x ) dx 
 ( x  4 x ) dx
3

2 2

2 Quick Practice 14.8 (p. 14.12)

 x4  (a) Area
   2x2 
 4 2

 (2  2 x)  (    
1
0 2
2
 1
2 x ) dx  2 x  (  2 x ) dx
2 0
A2 
 0
x ( x  2)( 2  x ) dx 2

2
1
2  2 2 2
3
4 2 3 2
(b) A =

 0
( 4 x  x 3 ) dx  2 x  x 2 

 3
x  

1  3

x2 

0
1 2 2
 x4 
 2 x 2   9
4 0 
 4
4

Area bounded by the curve = 2 A1  8

219
NSS Mathematics in Action Module 2 Vol.2 Full Solutions

1  2 y y2 

 2

 2


2
 dy


Quick Practice 14.15 (p. 14.26)
1 1

 x 2 dy  
 ye
2 2y
1 dy
(b) Area 1  y2 y3  0 0
 2 y   

e     ye
1
2  2 3  2 1
 2y
y2 0
2y
dy
9 2 0
  
 ye   1
4

2y 1
Volume  e2  0  e 2 y dy
2 2 2 0
1
   1 
 e2  e2  e2y 
2 2 2  2 0
 (e  1) 2

Quick Practice 14.9 (p. 14.14) 4

 y  sin x  Quick Practice 14.16 (p. 14.29)

Solving
 , we have x  or x = 0 (rejected)
Volume 
16

 y  sin 2 x
3 
( y  4) dx 2

0
16

∴ Area

 ( x  8 x  16) dx
0

16

 2 3

 x 16 x 2  128
     16 x  
3
 
(sin x  sin 2 x ) dx  (sin 2 x  sin x ) dx 2 3 3
0 
 
0
3


 cos 2 x   cos 2 x  3 5
  cos x   cos x    Quick Practice 14.17 (p. 14.29)
 2    2  2 2
0 1
 5  1

  (y
3
 x   dy   2 y 3  1) dy
6

Volume 0  2 4 0
Quick Practice 14.10 (p. 14.21) 1
2   y7 y4  9
2 2  x7  128     y 
Volume  
 y dx  
 x dx     
2 6
4  7 2 0 56
0 0  7 0 7

Quick Practice 14.11 (p. 14.22) Quick Practice 14.18 (p. 14.31)
Volume   4 x 
4 2

   0 


( 4  x ) 2  

 2  
  dx


 y 2 dx  
 tan 2 x dx  

3 3 3
(sec x  1) dx
2 4
1

Volume
0 0 0  [ 4  x  ( x  4) 2 ] dx
 0 4
  
   tan x  x  3
 3   
4
0
 3 x2 1 8
  4 x   ( x  4) 3  
 2 12 0 3
Quick Practice 14.12 (p. 14.22)
Volume Quick Practice 14.19 (p. 14.32)
2 Volume
 2
 2  x2    x3  4

2  2
y 2 dx 
2  2
1 

 4 
 dx 
 2
 x   
12   2 3 



2

[(1  cos 2 x) 2  sin 2 x] dx
Quick Practice 14.13 (p. 14.23) 6
h 
2
r  x   1  cos 4 x 1  cos 2 x 

2 3
h h
r 
  
2
 y dy    x  dy  2   1  2 cos 2 x    dx
2

Volume 0 0 h  h  3 0  2 2 
6

1 2 5 3
 r 2 h  sin 4 x sin 2 x  2
   x  sin 2 x     
3
 8 4   3 16
6
Quick Practice 14.14 (p. 14.25)

 16  8 y 
2 2
Quick Practice 14.20 (p. 14.34)

 x 2 dy    y 4 dy
2

2 2
Volume
2
 8 y5  512
  16 y  y 3   
 3 5  2 15

220
 14 Applications of Definite Integration
2 1

 0
[(3  y 4  y 2 ) 2  (3  y 4  y 2 ) 2 ] dy  2
 0
[ xe  x  x (1  x )] dx
2


1
 12 y 4  y 2 dy
   x3 x2 
1


1
0  2 xe  x 0  2 e  x dx  2   
Volume 0 1
0  3 2 0
 6
 dx (Let x  4  y )
 
2
x 2
1 
4  2e 1  2  e  x 0 
0 3
2 3 
 6  x 2   32 5 4
   
3
 
4 3 e

Quick Practice 14.21 (p. 14.35) Quick Practice 14.25 (p. 14.48)
Volume 1

3
 2 2
 Volume
 2
 0
( x  1) x 3 dx



2
 x  1  4   (sin x  1  4) 2  dx  x5 x4  9
1

0  3    2    
 5 4 0 10
3
 2 
2


2
  x  5   sin 2 x  6 sin x  9 dx
0
 3  
3
Exercise
 2 
2
1  cos 2 x 

2
  x  5   6 sin x  9 dx
0  3  2  Exercise 14A (p. 14.14)
Level 1
3 5
 3 1  2  2

3
 x sin 2 x  (3  5 x  x 2 ) dx
   x  5    6 cos x  9 x  0
 2 3  3  2 4  0 5
Area  3 x  5 x 2  x 
3
1.
65 2  
   6  2 3 0
4
215

6
Quick Practice 14.22 (p. 14.45)
1
Volume
3
2  5
4

 2
( 2 x 2  5 x) dx
4 4
124
 2
 1
xy dx  2
 1
x dx  2  x  
2

 5  1
2
5
2. Area
2 
  x 3  5x
1

3  2
 21
Quick Practice 14.23 (p. 14.46)
Volume
2


4
4 4 3
2 5  128  (1  2 x  x 2 ) dx
 2
 0
xy dy  2
 0
y dy  2  y 2  
2

 5  0 5
0
2
Area   x  x 2  x 
3
3.
 
 3 0
Quick Practice 14.24 (p. 14.48)
10
dy dy 
(a)  e  x   1 3
dx dx x 0
3
∴ The required equation of tangent is 
 1
( x 3  2) dx
y  1  1( x  0) 4. Area 3
 x4 
y  1 x   2 x
 4 1
 24
(b) Volume

2

 0
( x 2  1) dx
2
Area   x  x 
3
5.
 
 3 0
14

3

221
NSS Mathematics in Action Module 2 Vol.2 Full Solutions

4
 x 3 5x 2   x 3 5x 2 

5 4
x x

1
( y  1) dx
4

4


4

4
  2  dx 
2 
 2
 
 4  4  2  2  dx
 
Area   2 y 
3
6. 2  3 2 
 x  5 x  x  2  dx

 2
 y

3
 
1 1  4 4 2 
 
23
  x 4 5x 3 x2   x 4 5x 3 x2
5

4
3     2 x      2 x
 16 12 4  4  16 12 4 2
3 3 2
 x 4 5x 3 x2 
 (sin x  1) dx   x  cos x   2
2
7. Area  
2
     2 x

2

2  16 12 4  1
43

 3 6

 
2 2
 cos x dx  
(  cos x ) dx
0
8. Area 2 14. Area
 3
  sin x  02   sin x  
7
2
3

2
 [( x 2  4 x  3)  ( x 2  5 x  4)] dx
2 1
1
1 
 [( x 2  5 x  4)  (  x 2  4 x  3)] dx

 [(2  x )  x ] dx3 0
3 7
1
9. Area
 
1 2
 1 1   ( 2 x 2  9 x  7) dx  ( 2 x 2  9 x  7) dx
 2 x  x 4  x 2  1 0
 4 2  3 7
1
 32  2 9 2 2 2 9 
  x 3  x  7 x   x 3  x 2  7 x
 3 2 1  3 2 0
16 25   67
23  6  1  dx 

 0 64
x dx 

16

 x 

8

25
10. Area 23  1 2 
16
 1

 x   6 x  2 x 2
  1 819 
64   15. C1 and C2 intersect at  , .
2 0 
 
 16  20 400 
 46  52 Area
 98
1 1
9 2 
 
2 20
 1
  4 x  x  dx  ( 2  x  x 2 ) dx
2 4  1


20
 (e x  1) dx
2 1 1
11. Area
  9 x 2  x 3  20
3
x2
 e x
x 2
2   x  2x 2    2 x   
2  4 3  1  2 3  1
e 2
e 4 20

279

12 1 160

 4
( y  3) 2 dy
3


12
 ( 2 y 3  5 y 2  5 y  24) dy  36  1 
12. Area  2 
3
  ( y  3) 2  0

3
 
4 0


52 
1
( 2 y 3  5 y 2  5 y  24) dy
3
3
16. Area    1 y 4  5 y 3  5 y 2  24 y 
 2 3 2 
 0
13. Area 0
 1 4 5 3 5 2 
 36    y  y  y  24 y 
 2 3 2  1
184

3

2  3
17. When y = ,x= ,
2 4 4

222
 14 Applications of Definite Integration

3 0
 

 
4  sin x  2  dx
 2  (b) Area

 2
( 2  x  x 2 ) dx
4  0
∴ Area 3  x2 x3  10
  2 x    
2  4
2  2 3  2 3
   cos x  x  2 
 2   4
4
1

3 (c) Area

 0
(2  y  y ) dy

18. Solving y = cos x and y = –sin x, we have x   3


1
4 y2 2 5
 2 y   y2 
3
 2 3  0 6

4
 (cos x  sin x) dx
Area 1
0
(d) Area of II + area of III = ( 2)(2)  2
3 2
  sin x  cos x  0
4  2 1 5 7
Area of II = 2  
6 6

2 x  y  12  0
7 5
∴ The required ratio  6 : 6
19. Solving
2 , we have y = 4 or y = 6.  7:5

 y  4x
4  12  y y 2   y   x 2  2 x
Area

 6

 2  4  dy


 23. (a) Solving  , we have the points


 6 y 
y2

y3  125
4
 y  2 x  x  6 x
3 2
 
 4 12  6 3
(0, 0), (2, 0), (2, 8).

(b) Area of yellow region

 x  y 2  4 y 0

20. Solving  , we have y = 3 or y = 1.


 2
[( 2 x 3  x 2  6 x )  (  x 2  2 x )] dx

 x  6  y 2  x4


 4x 2  8
0

 2  2
3

 [(6  y )  ( y  4 y)] dy Area of purple region
2 2

1 2
Area
 2y
 
3
 2y2

 6 y 
64
3 
 0
[( x 2  2 x)  ( 2 x 3  x 2  6 x)] dx

 3  1 3  x4 
2

   4x2   8
 2 0
Level 2
∴ Total area  16 and ratio  1 :1

 x  y  2 y 2
Solving 
5 5 5
21. (a) , we have y  
 x  y (2  y)
2
24. (a) The required equation is
6 
1
6
1 1
6
x  
the points (0, 0), (0, 2), (3, 1). 2 2 2
5
2 ∴ y 3 x

(b) Area

 0
[ y 2 ( 2  y )  ( y 2  2 y )] dy
(b) Consider quadrant I.
2
 y4 y3  8 5
 3 
    y2  

6
4 3 3   sin y  y  dy
 0 0  5 
Area
5
 3  6 3 5
 y  x2   cos y 
 10
y2 
0
 1
2

24
22. (a) Solving
 , we have the points (1, 1), (2, 5

x  2  y
By symmetry, the required area  2  3
12

4).

223
NSS Mathematics in Action Module 2 Vol.2 Full Solutions

 y  sin 2 x   5 3 x  y  3
25. Solving
 , we have x = , , , The coordinates of C satisfy
2 .

 y  cos x
6 2 6 2
 y  4x
∴ Area Solving them, we have C  (1, 2)

 5 (c) Area of region CBE

   

2
(sin 2 x  cos x ) dx 
6
(cos x  sin 2 x) dx 2 4  x2 

6

2

1
4 x  (3  x) dx 
 2
 4x 


 dx
4 
3
2 4

 4 3  4 3 1 3
2
 (sin 2 x  cos x ) dx 1
5   x 2  3x  x 2    x 2  x 
6
 5
 3 2  1  3 12  2
 cos 2 x 2  cos 2 x  6 19
   sin x     sin x  
 2    2  6
6 2
3 Area of region ODB
 cos 2 x  2
   sin x 

 (3  x)  ( 
 2  5 2  x2  9

11
6 
 0

 4
 (  4 x )  dx 
 2
4 x ) dx
 2 9
4  1 3 4 3  3

1 4
e 1  x  x 2   3x  x 2  x 2 
   12
 4 x ln x dx  ( 4 x ln x ) dx 3  0  2 3  2
1
1
e 115
e 1 
 
6
 ln x d ( x 2 )  2 1
ln x d ( x 2 )
1
e
e y  x2  4x  7
 2 [ x 2 ln x ] 1e  2
 1
x 2 d (ln x )  2 [ x 2 ln x ] 11
e
29.
dy
 2x  4
1 dx
26. Area 2
 1
e
x 2 d (ln x ) dy
 2(3)  4  2
dx x 3
e 1
 2e 2  2
1
x dx  2e  2  2
 1
e
x dx ∴ The tangent at A is y  4  2( x  3)
y  2x  2
 2e 2  [ x 2 ] 1e  2e  2  [ x 2 ] 11 Putting y = 0 into it,
e 0  2x  2
 2e 2  e 2  1  2e  2  1  e  2 x 1
3 ∴ Area
 e2  2
e2 1 3

 0
( x 2  4 x  7) dx 
1
[( x 2  4 x  7)  ( 2 x  2)] dx
4 1
 1
 
1 3
 ( 4 x  x 2 ) dx  1
 4 x   dx 1  1 
  x 3  2 x 2  7 x    x 3  3x 2  9 x 
1  x  3 0  3 1
27. Area 2
4 8

 2 x 2 
x3 
3
  2 x  ln x
2
  1
1 
21
2
 ln 2
 1 2
y  x2  2x  2
dy
6  9 30. (a)  2x  2
y 9 
[ x  ( 6)] dx
28. (a) The equation of L is 9  ( 6)
x y 3 dy
 2( 2)  2  2
dx x 2

x  y  3 The required equation is y  ( 2)  2( x  2)

y  2x  6
(b) The coordinates of B satisfy
2 .

x  4 y (b) (i) Let the equation of the curve C be y = f(x).

B  ( 2, 1) f '(6) = 2
Solving them, we have

224
 14 Applications of Definite Integration

2(6)  k  2 8
∴ 8 2
3 5  93
k  10 7. Volume  

1
y dx    y 3  
3

 5  1 5
dy
 2 x  10
dx 3
(ii)
y
 ( 2 x  10) dx
8. Volume

  3
( y 4  6 y 2  9) dy

3
 x 2  10 x  C1  y5  48 3
  2 y 3  9 y  
∵ C passes through (6, 6)  5  3
5

∴ 6 = 62 – 10(6) + C1
C1 = 30 9. Volume
1
∴ The equation of C is y = x2 – 10x + 30. 1  y3  8

 2(1  y ) dy  2  y   
2

 y  x  2 x  2 2 0  3 0 3

(c) Solving  , we have x = 4. 1 1

 y  x  10 x  30
2
10. Volume

 1
x 2 dy  
1
e 2 y dy
1
1  
∴ Area    e2 y   (e 2  e  2 )
2  1 2

 ( x  2 x  2)  (2 x  6) dx
4
 2
 1
2
6 

2 0
y 2 dx

 [ x  10 x  30)  (2 x  6)] dx
2
 1

2
4
4 6
 (16  8 x 2  x 4 ) dx
1  1  11. Volume
0
  x 3  2 x 2  4 x    x 3  6 x 2  36 x  1
3 2 3 4   8 3 x5 
16
 16 x  x  
 2 3 5 0
3
203

30
Exercise 14B (p.14.36)

 y  ( x  1) 3
Level 1
3
3  x5  243
1. Volume  
 x 4 dx      12. (a) Solving  , we have x = 2.

y 1
0  5 0 5

2. Volume
1 ∴ The required point of intersection is (2, 1).
1  x7 x4  16


( x  2 x  1) dx      x 
6 3
3
7 2 7
  1
 ( y  1) dx
1
 2

 ( x  1)  2( x  1) 
1 3
 x2 1  (b) Volume   6 3
 1 dx
3. Volume   ( x  1) dx   
1 
2
 x   2
 1  ( x  1) 7
2


3
( x  1) 4 163
   x 
  7 2 2 14

 
0
(cos 2 x  2 cos x  1) dx

4. Volume  


 1  cos 2 x


 2 cos x  1 dx  y  1  cos x  3
0  2  13. (a) Solving
 , we have x = , .
 3 x sin 2 x
 

 2 sin x  
3
 2

 y  1 2 2

 2 4 0 2
∴ The required points of intersection are
5    3 
5  x2   , 1 and  , 1 .
5. Volume  

1
(5  x) dx   5 x 

  8
2 1
 2   2 

1
1
1   2
6. Volume  

0
e 2 x dx    e 2 x  
2 0 2
(e  1)

225
NSS Mathematics in Action Module 2 Vol.2 Full Solutions

3 1

 ( x  3) 2 dy

2
 
( y  1) dx
2
1
1
2
3

 1
( x 2  6 x  9) dy


2

1
cos 2 x dx 
 
12  3 y  6 12  3 y  9 
2 2
  dy
1  
2

 
1
3   21y  y 3  6 3
 4  y 2 dy
1
  sin 2 x  2 1

(b) Volume
 x  2  
2
 1

2   2 


2
 40  6 3 2 cos 2   2d  2 (Let y  2 sin  )
6

0


 y  2 sin x  5
 40  24 3

6
(1  cos 2 ) d


0
14. (a) Solving , we have x = , . 

y 1
6 6  sin2  6
 40  24 3    2 (11  2 3 )
 2  0
∴ The required points of intersection are
2
   5  3 3  y2 1 
 , 1 and  , 1 . 
 ( x  1) dy  
   1 dy
2

6 6  2
    2 2  
17. Volume  
3

4 
(b)Volume ( y 4  2 y 2  1) dy
2
3
5 5
  y5 2y3  229
 
6 6     y 
 ( y  1) dx  
2
( 4 sin x  4 sin x  1) dx
2
4  5 3 30
  2
6 6
5
   2 x  sin 2 x  4 cos x  x  
6
  (2  3 3 )  y  1  cos x
6   5
18. (a) Solving  1 , we have x , .
y
 2  3 3
 y  4 x  x2 
15. (a) Solving
 , we have x = 1 or x = 3.

y  3
∴ The points of intersection are
 1  5 1 
 ,  and  , .
∴ The required points of intersection are (1, 3) and  3 2  3 2
(3, 3).
5
 2  1 2 

(b) Volume 3
 
 y     dx
3
  2  
 3

 ( y  3) dx
2
5
 1

2 3

1
1  2 cos x  cos x   dx
2

 3
 4
 ( x  8 x  22 x
(b) Volume
 4 3 2
 24 x  9) dx 3
2 1 5
 5x sin 2 x 
3   2 sin x  3
 x  8 4 
5 
22 3  4
   2x4  x  12 x 2  9 x   3
2 5 3 1 15 5 2 7 3
   
3 4
 x2 y 2
  1 Level 2
16. (a) Solving  12 4 , we have y = 1.  ( 4  y ) 
3
 2
 ( y  2) 4 dy
x  3 19. Volume 0

   y  4) 3
 
( y  2) 5 
 
72
3

∴ The points of intersection are (3, 1) and (3, 1).  3 5 0 5

(b) Volume

226
 14 Applications of Definite Integration

 (2  x )  x  dx
1 2 1
 
 ( 2  x ) 2 dx  

2 2 3
4(1  x ) 2 dx
0 0 0
1 2 1
20. Volume  
 (4  4 x  x  x ) dx  
2 4 3
 ( 4  4 x  x 2 ) dx   ( 4  4 x ) dx
0 0 0
1 2
 x4  157

4
  4 x  x 3 
3
x5
5

4
 
0 60

  4 x  2 x 2 
x3 
   4x  2x
3 0
2
  1
0

2

3
21. Volume

3
 y  2  sin x

 (sin x  1)  
4

2
 (sin x  cos x) 2 dx 25. Solving for 0 < x < π, we have
4
3  y  2  cos x


4
(sin 2 x  2 sin x  1 3

x .
4 4
 sin 2 x  2 sin x cos x  cos 2 x) dx
3
 1  cos 2 x 


4

  2 sin x  sin 2 x  dx
 2 
4
3
 x sin 2 x cos 2 x 
   2 cos x  4

2 4 2  
4
Volume
  1
 2 2   
 4 2 3
 1
2
1 
2



4
 2  sin x     2  cos x    dx
0  2  2  
22. Volume 3
9 9 


4
  3 sin x  sin x   3 cos x  cos x  dx
2 2

 (1  sin x  1)  (1  sin x  1)  dx


 2 2 0 4 4 
0 3




 (4  4 sin x  sin x  4  4 sin x  sin 

4
 2 2
x ) dx (3 sin x  3 cos x  cos 2 x) dx
0 0

    8 cos x  0  16
 3
 sin 2 x  4 (6 2  7)
 3 sin x  3 cos x  
 2  0 2

 y2  4  x
Solving 
23. , we have y = 2 or 1.
 y2  4x
x  y  2 26. Solving  , we have (x, y) = (0, 0) or (4, 4).

 (2  y  2)  (2  y  2)  dy

2
2 2 y  x
 (2 x  1)  ( x  1)  dx
1 4
2  2 2
Volume  
 (36  12 y  y  16  8 y  y ) dy
2 4 2
0

 4 x  4 x  1  ( x  1)  dx
1 4


2  2
13 3 y5  198 (a) Volume
   20 y  4 y 2  y   
0

 3 5  1 5 4
 8
3
( x  1) 3 
  2 x 2  x 2  x  

 3 3 
0
dy 1
24. (a) ∵   16
dx 1 x
dy
∴  1
dx x 0

y  2  x
∴ The required equation is
y  2 x

(b) Volume

227
NSS Mathematics in Action Module 2 Vol.2 Full Solutions

  
2 3
 y2

4

 ( y  1) 2    ( 4  x 2  1) dx
 
  4  1  dy  3
0
    3

4  y 4
y 2


 (5  x 2  2 4  x 2 ) dx


 3
 ( y  1) 
2
  1 dy 
(b) Volume 0  16 2   x3 
3

  5 x   2
 ( 2 cos  ) 2 d  2
3
4 
 ( y  1) 3
 5 3  3  0
y y  3
    y (Let x  2 sin  )
 3 80 6 0 
208  sin 2  3
   8 3  16   
15 2 4 0
2 (15 3  4 )

27. (a) Volume 3

2

 0
(sin y  k ) 2 dy (b) Volume

2 3

 0
(sin 2 y  2k sin y  k 2 ) dy 
  3
( 4  x 2  1) 2 dx

2 3
 1  cos 2 y

 0

 2

 2k sin y  k 2  dy


  3
(5  x 2  2 4  x 2 ) dx

2
 y sin 2 y   sin 2  3
   2k cos y  k 2 y   8 3  16    (Let x  2 sin  )
2 4 0  2 4 0

  2 ( 2k 2  1) 2 (9 3  4 )

3

(b) Since the value of x should be equal to or greater than b b

1 so that the cylinder can be put into the vessel, we
have sin y  k  1

 0
y dy  
 ( y  k ) dy
k
b b
k  1  sin y  2
29. (a) Volume    y     y  ky 
2 2

∴ The minimum capacity


  2 2( 2) 2  1   
 2 0

 2

k
 9 2
k
 ( 2b  k )
2
(c) Since the value of x should be equal to or less than
5 (b) (i) Set b = 6, k = 2.
so that the vessel can be put into the box, we have The required capacity
2
2
sin y  k 
5   2(6)  2  10 cm3
2
2 (ii) Set b = h, k = 2.
5 3 The required volume
k   sin y 
2 2 2
  2h  2  2 (h  1) by assuming
  3 2  2
  2 2   1 2h6
∴ The maximum capacity   2   (iii) (1) The minimum volume in (b)(ii) is 2π.
11 2 Since 4π > 2π, we have
 2 ( h  1)  4
2
h3
(2) Since π < 2π, the expression for finding the
x  y  4
2 2 h
 h2
28. (a) Solving  , we have x   3 .
volume should be 
 0
y dy 
2
.

 y  1  h2
we have 2

Volume Thus
h 2

228
 14 Applications of Definite Integration

3
 x2  y 2  4 
4
(0  2) 2 ( 4  0) cm3  12 cm3
30. (a) (i) Solving  , we have (ii) Set b = h – 2.
 y  x  k
2 The required volume V
3
 ( h  2  2) 2 ( 4  h  2) cm 3
y  y  ( k  4)  0 .
2 4
3 2
Since the two graphs are symmetrical about the  h (6  h) cm3
y-axis, there should only be one solution for y. 4
1  4( k  4)  0
dV 9
Thus 17 (iii) (1)  and
k  dt 10
4
3
1
dV
dt

4
12h  3h 2
dh
dt
 
(ii) For y  y   0 , we have
2

4 Thus
1 15
y ,x 9 3
2 2 
10

4
12(1)  3(1) 2 
dh
dt

h 1
∴ The coordinates of A and B are
 15 dh 2
 1  15 1  cm/min
,   and   ,  dt 15
 2 2   2 2 h 1
   
respectively.
(2) Area of water surface A
1

 17 
  y2   (h  2) 2 
2
 y  dy  x 2  9 1    9 1 

17
 4  
(b) Capacity 4  4   4 
1
 y 2 17 y 

2 225 dA 9 dh
     ∴  ( h  2)
 2 4  17 32 dt 2 dt

4

dA 9  2 
(c) Volume occupied by the sphere  (1  2)   cm min
2 1

dt h 1 2  15 

1 3
 cm 2 /min


2
( 4  y 2 ) dy 5
2
1
 y3  
  4 y  
2
2
Exercise 14C (p.14.49)
 3  Level 1
27 1. Volume
  2
8
225 27
 2
 1
xy dx
    2

32 8 2 3


∴ Amount of water remaining
117  2 1
8 x 2 dx
  2
32 2
 2 52 
 2 8  x 
b  y2   5 

 9 1   dy  1
 4 
2
2   62
b 
 y3  5
 9  y  
31. (a) Volume  12   2
2. Volume
 b3 4
 9    
3

 xy dy
 b
 12 3
 2
1

3 y  y3 3

4
(b  2) 2 ( 4  b)  2
 2 dy
1
3
 y4 y2 
(b) (i) Set b = 0.   
The required capacity  4 2 1
 24

229
NSS Mathematics in Action Module 2 Vol.2 Full Solutions

3. Volume
 2
 xy dx
1


 xy dy
3
 2
0
 2
 x ln x dx
1



3
 2 ( y  y cos y ) dy  x2  3
x
0

 2 
 2
ln x   2
1

1 2
dx
 y2 
 2   y sin y  cos y  x  2
3

 2 0  9 ln 3    
  ( 2  4)  2 1
  (9 ln 3  4)
4. Volume
1 9. Volume
 2
 xy dx 3


0
 2
2
1 xy dx
 2
 x e dx
2 x 0
0 3

 2

2
1
( x  x sin x ) dx
 2 [ x e ] 
 4xe
2 x 1 x
0 dx 0
0
1 3
 2e  4 [ xe x ]10  4
 0
e x dx  x2
 2 
 2
 x cos x  sin x 
 2e  4e  4 [e x ]10  2 0
 2 (e  2)  (9 2  8)

4
5. Volume
 10. Volume
 2
 
2
xy dx
 2
 xy dx
2
4

   x( x  3) 
4
 2 
sin 2 2 x dx  2 3
 x dx
2
2
4

 (x  9x

1  cos 4 x  2 4 3
 27 x 2  26 x ) dx
 2
 
2
2
dx 2
4
 x5 9 4 
  2   x  9 x 3  13 x 2 
 sin 4 x   5 4 2
  x 
 4   64
2 
5
 2

2
11. Volume

 x 
4

6. Volume  2 2
 x( x  2) 2 dx
1
3
 2
 xy dy
4
 2
 (x  x 3  4 x 2  4 x ) dx
2
1
1
3
 2
 (3 y  y
2 3 4
) dy  x4 5x 3 
1  2     2x2 
3  4 3 1
 y4 
 2  y 3   45
 4 1 
2
 12

12. (a) Volume

7. Volume
 x 
2
5  2 3
 x( x  2) 2 dx
 2
 2
xy dy 1
2
 2
 (x  x 3  4 x 2  4 x) dx
5 3
 2
 10 dy 2
1
2
 20 [ y ]52 4 
 2  x 3  2 x 2 
 60  3 1
20

3
8. Volume
(b) Volume

230
 14 Applications of Definite Integration
4 1 2
 16  
 1
y dy  
 0
( y  2) 2 dy 
 2
y 2 dx
4 2
 y2 

1
 16     
 2 1
 0
(y  4 y  4) dy 
2
2
(16  x 2  2 3 ) 2 dx

15
 2
y
3
8y 2


1

 2
(16  x 2  4 3 16  x 2  12) dx
 16       4 y 2
2 2 3  x3  2

 
0    28 x 

  4 3
3  2  2
16  x 2 dx
20
 
320

3    4 3 6
( 4 cos  ) 2 d

3 
Level 2 6

(Let x  4 sin  )
y  x  4  sin 2  6


Solving 
320
13. , we have x  1, 4    64 3    

 y  6x  x
2 3 2 4 
6

16 (11  2 3 )

Volume 3

  x (6 x  x 
4
1
  2 2
)  x ( x  4) dx
4 1
(ii) Volume
4
  x4 x3  42 3

 2 x 
2 
3

4

3
 2x 2 
1

 0
x 2 dy

42 3


45 
 0
[16  ( y  2 3 ) 2 ] dy
8 4 2 3
 ( y  2 3 )3 
  16 y  

 3 
0
14. (a) Area
8 (16  9 3 )

2 3
2
 0
( 16  x 2  2 3 ) dx

15. Volume
 16 cos 2  d  2[ 2 3 x ]02 (Let x  4 sin  )
6
2 9
0

 2
 ( x  2) y dx
4

 (1  cos 2 ) d  8 3
6
 16 
9
2 
0

 2
 4



x 
x 
dx
 sin 2  6
 16    8 3
9
 2 0 2 3 1

 2  x 2  4 x 2 
8  3  4
 4 3
3 52

3
(b) (i) Volume
16. Volume
5
 2
 ( y  2) x dy
3
5
 2
 [( y  2)( y  6 y  10)] dy
2

3
5
 2
 ( y  8 y  22 y  20) dy
3 2

3
5
 y4 8 3 
 2   y  11 y 2  20 y 
 4 3 3
64

3

17. Volume

231
NSS Mathematics in Action Module 2 Vol.2 Full Solutions
1 2 1
 2
 ( x  1) y dx
0

 1
(  y 3  2 y 2  5 y  6) dy 
 3
(  y 3  2 y 2  5 y  6) d
1

 ( x  1)(e  e
2
 2 x x
) dx  y4 2 y3 5y2   y4 2 y3 5y2 
0      6 y      6 y
1 
 4 3 2  1 
  4 3 2 

 2 [( x  1)(e x  e  x )]10  2
 0
(e x e  x ) dx

253
 4 (e  e 1 )  2 [e x  e  x ]10 12

 3 5. Area
 2  e  2  
 e
6
1 2  2
1 2 
18. Volume

 2
 x  4 x  6  dx 
2   0
 x  4 x  6  dx
2 
6 2
1  1 
1   x 3  2 x 2  6 x   x 3  2 x 2  6 x
 2
 x( y  1) dy
0
6 2 6 0
32

1
 2
 ( y e  ye ) dy
2 y y

0 3
1 1
 2 [e y ]  2
 2 ye dy  2 
y 2 1 y
0 ye y dy
0 0
6. Area
1

 ye dy
1 1
 2e  2
 ( x  2)(x  1)( x  1) dx   ( x  2)(x  1)( x  1) dx
y

0

1 2
1
 2e  2 [ ye ]  2
 e dy 1 1
y 1 y
0
0 
 1
( x 3  2 x 2  x  2) dx 
 2
( x 3  2 x 2  x  2) d
 2e  2e  2 [e y ]10 1
 x4 2 3 x2   x4 2 3 x2 
 2 (e  1)   x   2 x   x   2x

 4 3 2 1
 
 4 3 2 

37

12
7. Area

19  1  0  1 

 0
( y  8) 3  2 dy 




 9
( y  8) 3  2 dy




Revision Exercise 14 (p. 14.56) 19 9
Level 1  4   4 
2  3( y  8) 3   3( y  8) 3 

 ( x 2  4) dx   2 y   2 y
 4   4 
1

 0
 
 0

1. Area  x3 
2
35
  4 x 
 3  1 2
 15
3  y  y2 
k

 2
  1 
 6 
 dy
6 

 0
5e 2 x dx
 y2
3
8. Area y3 
2. Area   5 e 2 x 
k
  y 
2


0  12 18 
2

5 125
 (e 2k
 1) 
2 36

1 9. Area

  0.6
(e x -x 4 ) dx

 0
2
[( x 2  2)  ( x 3  2 x  2)] dx 
3. Area 
1
x5  0
 e x 


5  0.6  1
[( x 3  2 x  2)  ( x 2  2)] dx

2 1
 1.95 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)  x4 x3   x4 x3  37
    x 2      x2  
 4 3  0  4 3  0 12
4. Area
10. Area

232
 14 Applications of Definite Integration

2 2

 3
[(2 cos x  1)  ( 2 sin x  1)] dx  
 0
[( x 3  6 x 2  12 x  2)  ( x 3  2)] dx
2
3  [ 2 x 3  6 x 2 ]02

 8
2
[(2 sin x  1)  ( 2 cos x  1)] dx
0

 [ 2 sin x  2 cos x  2 x ] 23  [ 2 sin x  2 cos x  2 x ]03 (c) Set

2 2

 8  2 2

 a
[( x 3  6 x 2  12 x  2)  ( x 3  2)] dx
a
.

5
 [( x 3  6 x 2  12 x  2)  ( x 3  2)] dx

2
 [(4 y  y 2 )  ( y 2  y )] dy 0
0
[ 2 x 3  6 x 2 ] 2a  [2 x 3  6 x 2 ] a0
5

 8  2 a 3  6 a 2  2 a 3  6 a 2
2
 (5 y  2 y 2 ) dy
11. Area 0
5 ∴ a 3  3a 2  2  0
5 2 3 2
(a  1)(a 2  2a  2)  0
  y2  y 
2 3 0
a  1 or a  1  3
125
 (rejected)
24

12. Area 16. Volume

4

1

 y 2 dx


1
 [( y  4)  ( y 3  4 y 2 )] dy  4
1

1
 dx
1 x

1
[( y 3  4 y 2 )  ( y  4)] dy
4   [ln x ]14
1 4
 y2 y4 4   y2 y4 4    ln 4
  4y   y3     4y   y3 
 2 4 3  1  2 4 3  1
253 17. Volume
 2


12
 x 2 dy
0
3
 1 

 1



y 
y

 dy
 
 0
2
y 2 ( y  3) 2 dy
13. Area 3
2 3   y5 3 
2

  y 2  ln y    y 4  3y3 
3
 
1  5 2 0
 1.70 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 32

5
2

 0
[ 2  y  ( y 2  4)] dy 18. Volume
2

 y dx
2
14. Area 2 3

2
y3
  (2  y) 2   4 y 0


 3 3 0
 2

 (1  2 cos x  cos
2
x ) dx
 3.45 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 0
2
 x sin 2 x 
   x  2 sin x   
2 4
 y  x3  2
 0
 3 2

15. (a) Solving  , we have the

 y  x  6 x  12 x  2
3 2
19. Volume

points
(0, 2), (2, 10).

(b) Area

233
NSS Mathematics in Action Module 2 Vol.2 Full Solutions

2 4
 2
 xy dy 1
 2
 1
x[ x  ( x  2) 2 ] dx
2 4
 2
 (y  2y  3 y ) dy  x4 5x 3 
3 2

1
 2     2x 2 
 4 3 1
2
 y4 2 3 3 2 45
 2   y  y  
 4 3 2 1 2
47

6
25. Volume




4
20. Volume (cos 2 x  sin 2 x ) dx
0
2

 ( y  2) 2 dx 



0 4
cos 2 x dx
2  1
 0


 0
( x  1)  2( x  1)


2  1 dx

 1 4
   sin 2 x 


2  2 0
 x2 4
3

  2 x  ( x  1) 2  

 2 3 0
 
2
7 
 2   2 3 
3 
 x  4  y 2
21. Volume 26. Solving
 2 , we have y  1 .

4  x

 x  y  2
 2
 2
( x  2)  e 2  e 2


 dx

 Volume

 ( 4  y 
4 1
4
 ( x  2)   2  x 4 x
 2
) 2  ( y 2  2) 2 dy
 2e 2 
 2
  2  2( x  2)e  
2 
 
2
2
 2
4e 2
dx 1
1

 (12 y  12) dy
2
4
  x 1
 4e 2  8e 2  4  2e  2

    [ 4 y 3  12 y ] 11
 2
 4e(e  2)  16

22. Volume
2
x  y  5
 2
 xy dx 27. Solving  , we have y = 1, 4.

x  1  4 y  y
1
2
2
 2
 x ln( x  1) dx
2

1
5 Volume

 ln y dy (Let y  x  1)
2
4
2

  [ y ln y  y ]52
 2
 1
[(1  4 y  y 2 )  (5  y )]y dy
4
  (5 ln 5  2 ln 2  3)  5y3 y4 
 2   2 y 2   
 3 4 1
45

2

23. Volume
ln 2 Level 2

 0
( e 2 x  e  2 x ) dx
 y  x 2
 2 , we have y = 0, 4.
ln 2
1  28. Solving
   (e 2 x  e  2 x ) 

9
 2 0
 y  8x

8

24. Volume
Volume

234
 14 Applications of Definite Integration

4   y2  
2


 0
y  


  dy
 8  
  
(b) (i) Volume

 xy dy
4
 y2 y5   2
   0
 2 320  0 1
 2
 (e  e ) y dy
y
24
 0

5 1 1
 2
 e dy  2 
y
ye y dy
0 0
1
29. (a) Area  ey 2 
 
1


1
 2    2 ye
y
0  2 e y dy
2 1
 2 0 0


 1
2( x  1)e  x dx 
 0
2( x  1)e  x dx  e  2 e y   1
0

  (e  2)
 [ 2( x  1)e  x ]12  [ 2( x  1)e  x ]10
2 1

 1
2e  x dx 
 0
2e  x dx (ii) Volume
e

 xy dy
2 x x
 2 e  2  [ 2e ]  [ 2e
2
1
1
]
0  2
1
 0.930 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
e


 2 x ln x dx
1
(b) (i) Volume e
 x2  e
x
1
 2 
 2
ln x   2
1
 2
dx

1
 y 2 dx
0 e
 x2 
1
 e  2  
2

 0
4( x  1) 2 e  2 x dx
 4 1
1 
  [ 2( x  1) 2 e  2 x ]10  
 0
4( x  1)e  2 x dx 
2
(e 2  1)
1
 2   [ 2( x  1)e  2 x ]10  
 0
2e  2 x dx
31. (a) Area
 2  2   [ e  2 x ]10 3

 2.72 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 

 0
y dx

3
1
(ii) Volume 
 0 4  x2
dx

1 
 2
 0
x (  y ) dx 
 0
3

4  4 sin 2 
1
 2 cos   d 
1
 2
 0
2( x  x 2 )e  x dx
 [ ]03


1 1
 2
 0
2 xe  x dx  [ 4 x 2 e  x ]10 
 0
8xe  x d x


1 3
 4e 1  [ 4 xe  x ]10 
 0
4e  x dx

 8e 1
 [ 4e x
] 1
0
(b) Volume
 1.30 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 3

 0
y 2 dx

30. (a) Area 3

1
e 
 dx

 y dx 1

0 4  x2
3
 1 1 

e

 ln x dx
1

4  0

 x  2

x 
 dx
2
3
 [ x ln x  x ]1e   x2 
 ln 
1 4 x  2 0

 ln(7  4 3 )
4

235
NSS Mathematics in Action Module 2 Vol.2 Full Solutions

(ii) From x2 – mx + 2m – 5 = 0, we have

α+β=m
dy αβ = 2m – 5
32. (a) 2y 4
dx
dy 1
1 A2  (   )3
dx (1, 2 ) 6
3
∴ The required equation of the tangent is 1
y  2  x 1  [(    ) 2 ] 2
6
y  x 1
3
1
 [(   ) 2  4 ] 2
(b) Volume 6
 ( x  1) 
4
3
 2
 4 x dx 1 2
1  (m  8m  20) 2
4 6
 ( x  1) 3

  2x 2  dA2 1 3 2 1
 3 1   (m  8m  20) 2 ( 2m  8)
 9 dm 6 2
1
1
 (m  4)(m 2  8m  20) 2
33. (a) (i) Putting x = , x = into y  x2 respectively, 2
we find that ∵ The y-intercept of L  0
A  (, 2), B  (, 2). k0
∴ Area
5  2m  0
1 ∴
 (    )( 2   2 ) 5
2 m
(ii) Area 2
 5 dA
 For m  0
2
 x 2 dx ,
 2 dm

 x3  5
  i.e. A2 is decreasing for m  .
 3  2
1 5
 ( 3   3 ) ∴ A2 attains its minimum at m  .
3 2
The minimum value of A2
3 3
(iii) A2  A1  3

1  5  2
2
3 5
    8   20 
6  2  2 
1 125
 (    )( 2   2 )  
2 48
1
(    )(  2     2 )
3 dy 1

1 34. (a) dx x
 (    )(3 2  3 2  2  2  2   2 2 )
6 dy
 1
1 dx x 1
 (   )3
6 ∴ The equation of the tangent is y  x  1.
Area
1

 0 e  ( y  1) dy
y

y  x 2

1
( y  1) 2 
(b) (i) Consider
  e y  
 y  mx  k  2 0
5
We have x2 – mx – k = 0 where α and β are its roots. e
2
∵ (2, 5) satisfies L.
∴ 5 = 2m + k
k = 5 – 2m (b) (i) Volume
Putting k = 5 – 2m into the equation,
we have x2 – mx + 2m – 5 = 0, where α and β
are its roots.
236
 14 Applications of Definite Integration


   0 e 2 y  ( y  1) 2 dy
1
 10

1

 2
y 2 dx
1 ( y  1) 3   x2 
   e2 y  10

2 3

0

 2



 2  1 dx

  x3 
10
 (3e 2  17)
6   x
 6 2
472

3

(d) Volume
10
 2
 xy dx
2
1
(ii) Volume 10  x2 2
 2
 2
x 
 2  1 dx
 
1


10
 2 y[e  ( y  1)] dy
y
 3

2  x2 2 
0
 2    1
1 1 3
 2




 
 
 2 ye y dy  2 ( y 2  y ) dy  2
0 0  456
1

   y3 y2 
1


y 1
 2 ye  2 0 e dy  2   
y

0  3 2 0
1
 2e  2 e y 0 
4
3
  36. Volume

 2
3 
 2
[( y  1) 2  ( 2  1) 2 ] dx

35. (a) Volume 2  16  2  16 


 x dy
7
2

 2
 2   2 2
 x  4 
 dx
 x  4 
1
7

 2
 (1  y 
2
 (16 cos 4   8 cos 2  )  2 sec 2  d (Let x  2 tan  )
) dy 4
1 

7 4
 y3  
 2  y  
3 1

4
  
(32 cos 2   16) d
 240 
4

(b) Volume

4
7  16 cos 2 d
 2
 1
xy dy 

4
7 
 2
 1
1 y2 2 y dy   [8 sin 2 ] 4

4
7
2  3
 16
 2  (1  y 2 )  2


 3 
1
992 37. (a) Volume

3

(c) Volume

237
NSS Mathematics in Action Module 2 Vol.2 Full Solutions

3 3 
 7  2 


2
3 3
2
   (5 
 2 
9  x 2 ) 2  dx


 
y 2 dx



3 3 3 3
 49   [ x 2  (   ) x   ]2 dx

2
 
2
x 3 3
( 25  10 9  x 2
 9  x ) dx 2

 4 3 3 
2
2



147 3 
   34 x 
x 

3
3 3
2
 10

3 3
2
3 3
9  x 2 dx

 
[ x 4  (   ) 2 x 2   2  2 
4  3 3 3 
2
2
2x 2  2(   ) x 3  2 (   ) x] dx

147 3 381 3 
  x5 
3
     10 3
9 cos 2  d 2 x
4 4 

  (   )   2 2 x  
3
5 3
(Let x  3 sin  )  
  2 x 3 3 (   ) x 4 2
117 3  sin 2  3  x    (   ) x 
   90    3 2 
2 2 4   
3

 3 (10  12 3 )  [6 x 5  10(   ) 2 x 3  30 2  2 x 
30
15(   ) x 4  30 (   ) x 2 ]
(b) Volume
 (   )5

3 3
 5  2  30


2
3 3
   ( 4  9  x 2 ) 2  dx

2
 2  
3 3 3 3 (b) (i) For y   x 2  5 x  4 , we have
 25  2


  3 3 (16  8 9  x  9  x ) dx   1,   4 .
2 2 2
x
 4  3
3 
2 The equation of the image is
2
3 3
3 3
y   x  5x  6 .
2
For this equation,
75 3  x3  2
   25 x   8 3 3 9  x dx   2 ,   3 .

2
 
2

4  3  3 3 
∴ Area
2
2
 (4  1)3 (3  2)3
75 3 273 3  sin 2  3  
     8  9   6 6
4 4 2 4    13
3

3 (16  21 3 ) 3

2
(ii) Volume
(c) No  
 (4  1) 5  (3  2) 5
30 30
121

38. (a) (i) Area 15


 y dx 

 [ x

 (   ) x   ] dx  1 2
 y  2 x
 2


 1
 x3
   (   )
x2 
  x  39. (a) Solving  , we have y  .
3 2 5 2
 
 x 2  ( y  1) 2 

(   )3
6
 4
Capacity
(ii) Volume

238
 14 Applications of Definite Integration

1
 ( 4) 3

h4

2
2 y dy    0 (16  y 2 ) dy
0 3
h4
1
64  y3 
 [ y ] 2 2    16 y  
0
3  3 0

 
4  (  h 3  12h 2  64)
3
(b) Volume
1
5 2 

 64
2
5  4  ( y  1)  dy  4 (b) Volume of water 
1
2
  3
1
5 ( y  1) 3  2 
 y  
4 3  1 5 4
2

5
 ( 5  2)
12
Volume of the hemisphere
2
(c) Volume of water   ( 4) 3
h
3

 2 y dy
0 
128
3
  [ y 2 ]0
h

 2  Volume of water
 h 2
∴ Volume of water = volume of solid

dV dh dV  h 3
(d) It is known that  2h and  . (c) (i) For 0  h  4,V  .
dt dt dt 10 3
When the vessel is half full,
dV dh
1   h 2
h  
2
dt dt
2 4
1 dh
h  ( 2) 2  2
2 2 ∴ dt h2

  1  dh dh 1
 2  
 dt  unit/s
10 2 2  h
1 dt h2 2
∴ 2 2

dh 2
 units/s For 4  h  8,
dt h
1 10 (ii)
2 2 
V  ( h 3  12h 2  64)
3
40. (a) (i) Volume dV  dh
 (3h 2  24h)
dt 3 dt
h4   ( y  2) 2 

 (16  y )  81   dy
2

4 
4
   ∴
h4

 4
[8  y 2  2( y  2) 2 ] dy 
[ 3(6) 2  24(6)]
dh
 2
h4
3 dt h 6
 y 2 3

  8 y   ( y  2) 3  dh

1
unit/s
 3 3  4 dt 6
h 6

h 3

3 41. (a) (i) Volume

(ii) Volume

239
NSS Mathematics in Action Module 2 Vol.2 Full Solutions

h 4 6


 0
y 2 dx  2
f ( x ) dx 
 g ( y ) dy
4

h  Area of the large rectangle 


 0
( 4  4 cos x  cos 2 x ) dx area of the small rectangle
h  46  4 2
 x sin 2 x 
   4 x  4 sin x    16
 2 4  0
9 sin 2h 
  h  4 sin h   d R
2 4  
 R
( R 2  y 2 ) dy
(ii) When x  h, y  2  cos h d R
Area  y2 2. (a) Volume  y3 
  R 2 y  
 (4  4 cos h  cos 2 h)  3  R

 d 2 (3R  d )
dV  9 cos 2h  dh 3
(b) (i)    4 cos h  
dt 2 2  dt
dV  9
(b) (i) Volume   ( 4) 2  36
 A 4
dt 20
(ii) Volume of oil in cavity
2  14
 ( 4  4 cos h  cos 2 h)  (1) 2 (3  5  1) 
20 3 3
 2
∴ Remaining volume
∴ ( 4  4 cos h  cos h)
2

20 14 94
 36  
3 3
 dh (iii) Volume of oil outside the can
 (9  8 cos h  2 cos 2 h  1)
2 dt 
 (3) 2 (3  5  3)   ( 4) 2  1
dh  3
∴   constant
dt 20  36  16
dh  20
(ii) t  2
dt
t  40 hours
∴
(iv) By (iii), the volume of oil with depth 3 units is
20π. The volume of oil in the can is
Challenging Questions (p.14.66) 36π  20π = 16π. Thus the depth of oil in the can
is 1 unit, and the levels of oil inside and outside
1. (a) f ( x)  4 for 2  x  4
4 4
the can are the same.
∴  2
f ( x ) dx 
 4 dx
2
∴ Volume of the oil remaining in the can
 16
 4(4  2)
8
dV 5t
Since y = f(x) is a concave function, (v) (1) 
4 dt 2 t 2  144
 2 f ( x ) dx < Area of the trapezium joining P
t
5x
and Q
4
1
V  36 
0 2 x 2  144
dx

∴  f ( x) dx  (4  6)(4  2)  10
2 5 t 2 144
1

2
 36  dy
4
8   2 f ( x) dx  10
4 144 y
i.e.

 36 
5
4
2 y  t 2 144
144
(b) (i) It is known that x  g(y) is a convex function.
∴ By the argument similar to (a), 5
 66  t 2  144
2
1 6 ∴ The required volume
2
( 2  4)(6  4) 
 g ( y ) dy  4(6  4)
4 
  66 
5 
t 2  144 
6  2 
∴ 6
4
g ( y ) dy  10

(2) When V = 16π, the leaking stops.

(ii) Referring to the figure,

240
 14 Applications of Definite Integration

2
 5 2  Ax  x 
 66  t  144   16  
 2  A h
t  16 Ax 2
∴ The time taken is 16 minutes. Ax  2
h
Ax 2
The volume of the slice   x .
Inquiry and Investigation (p.14.68) h2
a y The total volume of the pyramid
1. By properties of similar triangles, 
h x 2
n Ax
∴
ax
Radius of the slice  h  lim  2
k
 x ,
x 0 k 1 h
h
2 where x  , 0  x0  x1    xn 1  xn  h
 ax  n
2. The volume of the slice     x .
 h  h
Ax 2
The total volume of the cone
2

 0 h2
dx
 ax k 
n h
 lim     x , A 1 3 
 h   x 
h2 
x 0 k 1
3 0
h 1
where x  , 0  x0  x1    x n 1  x n  h  Ah
n 3
2
 ax 
 0  
h
 dx
 h 
h
 a2 1 
 3
3 x 
h2  0
1
 a 2 h
3

2
 2ax 
3. The volume of the slice    x .
 h 

The total volume of the pyramid

2
 2ax k 
n
 lim    x ,
x 0 k 1
 h 
h
where x  , 0  x0  x1    x n 1  x n  h
n
2
h
 2ax 

 0

 h 
 dx
h
4a 2  1 3 
 x 
h 2  3 0
4
 a 2h
3

Further Questions
Let x be the distance between a slice and the vertex of the
tetrahedron, Δx be the thickness of the slice and Ax be the base
area of the slice. Then by the properties of similar solids,

241