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AIMS TUTORIAL
ima gi nar y
3) Additive inverse of z = a + ib is -z = -a - ib.
a - ib 3 2 + 3i
axis
2
4) Multiplicative inverse of z = a + ib is z-1 = 2 2 . 11
a +b 2
2 2 2 2 real axis
a +b +a
+i
a +b - a
5) a + ib = + 2 Find the real and imaginary parts of the complex
2 2
a ib
number .
6) Modulus of z = a + ib is |z| = a2 + b2 a ib
7) Mod - amplitude form of a + ib = r(cos q + i sin q)
a ib a ib a ib
where r = a2 + b2 , cos q = ar A:
a ib a ib a ib
sin q = br , q Î [-p, p]
a 2
b2 2ab i
8) eiq = cos q + i sin q a b2
2
e-iq = cos q - i sin q
9) If z1 = r1 cis q1, z2 = r2 cis q2 then a2 - b2 - 2ab
(i) z1z2 = r1r2 cis (q1 + q2) R e a l p a rt = 2 2
, im a g in a ry p a rt = 2 .
a +b a + b2
(ii) z1/z2 = r1/r2 cis(q1-q2)
10) cis q1 . cis q2 . cis q3 = cis (q1+q2+q3)
3. If (a + ib)2 = x + iy, find x2 + y2.
11) cos θ +1 i sin θ = cos q - i sin q. A: Given that (a + ib)2 = x + iy
12) The cube roots of unity are Now, |a + ib|2 = |x + iy|
-1 + 3 i -1 - 3 i
1, w = , w2 = AIMSTUTORIAL
2 2 2
w3 = 1; 1 + w + w2 = 0 a2 b2 x2 y2 a2 b2 x2 y2
13) The fourth roots of unity are 1, -1, i, -i.
14) The n th roots of unity are 1, a, a 2 ..... a n - 1 where a
2
x 2 y2 a 2 b2
= cis 2π
n
i) Sum of nth roots of unity is 0.
ii) Product of nth roots of unity is (-1)n - 1. 4. Find the square roots of - 5 + 12i.
15) Arg (z1 z2) = Arg z1 + Arg z2. A: We know that
z1
a 2 + b2 + a a 2 + b2 - a
16) Arg = Arg z1 - Arg z2. a + ib = +i
z2 2 2
Here a = -5, b = 12
25 + 144 + (-5) 25 + 144 - (-5)
-5 + 12i = +i
2 2
13 - 5 13 + 5
= +i
2 2
= + (2 + 3i).
1 Complex Numbers
Mathematics- IIA AIMS TUTORIAL
AIMS TUTORIAL
7 2 24 2 7
7 2 24 2 7
= - 3,- 5 .
7 24i i 9. Write the multiplicative inverse of (7, 24).
2 2
A: (7, 24) = 7 + 24i.
1
625 + 7 625 - 7 Multiplicative inverse of 7 + 24i = .
=± +i 7 + 24i
2 2
1 7 - 24i 7 - 24i 7 - 24i
= x = 2 2 2
= .
25 + 7 25 - 7 7 + 24i 7 - 24i 7 - 24 i 49 + 576
=± +i
2 2 7 - 24i 7 24 7 24
= = -i = ,- .
625 625 625 625 625
32 18
=± +i
2 2 1
10. If x + iy = , show that 4x2 - 1 = 0.
1 + cos θ + i sin θ
= ± 16 + i 9 = ± 4 + 3i
1
A: Now x + iy =
1 + cos θ + i sin θ
6. Find the complex conjugate of (2 + 5i) (- 4 + 6i).
A: (2 + 5i) (- 4 + 6i) = - 8 + 12i - 20i + 30i2 1
= - 7 - 8i - 30 = - 38 - 8i = 2 cos 2 θ + i 2sin θ cos θ
2 2 2
Hence, its complex conjugate is - 38 + 8i.
1 cos θ - i sin θ
2 + 11i -2 + i 2 2
7. Show that z1 = , z2 = are conjugate = 2 cos θ cos θ + i sin θ x
AIMSTUTORIAL θ - i sin θ
25 (1 - 2i)2 2 2 2 cos 2 2
to each other.
cos θ - i sin θ
-2 + i 2 2
A: z2 = = θ 2 θ
(1 - 2i)2
2 cos cos + sin2 θ
2 2 2
-2 + i cos θ - i sin θ
= 2 2
1 - 4 - 4i =
2 cos θ
-2 + i 2
= 1 1 θ
- 3 - 4i = - i tan
2 2 2
2 - i 3 - 4i Equating the real parts on both sides,
= x
3 + 4i 3 - 4i
1
x=
6 - 8i - 3i - 4 2
= (a + ib) (a - ib) 2x = 1 S.O. B
9 + 16
=a +b
2 2 4x2 = 1
2 - 11i 4x2 - 1 = 0.
=
25
z1 and z2 are conjugate to each other.
2 Complex Numbers
Mathematics- IIA AIMS TUTORIAL
AIMS TUTORIAL
\ Arg (z1 z2) = Arg z1 + Arg z2.
11. If z = 2 - 3i, show tht z - 4z + 13 = 0.
2
A: Given that z = 2 - 3i = = .
2 2
Þ z - 2 = -3i
Squaring on both sides,
z
(z - 2)2 = (-3i)2 15. If z1 = -1, z2 = i then find Arg 1 .
z2
Þ z2 - 4z + 4 = -9 A: Given that z1 = -1, z2 = i
Þ z2 - 4z + 13 = 0.
then z1 = cisp, z2 = cis
2
12. Find the least positive integer n, satisfying
z1
1 i
n
\ Arg z = Arg z1 - Arg z2 .
1. 2
1 i
n n = = .
1+ i 1+ i 1+ i 2 2
A: Given that =1⇒ x =1
1 - i 1- i 1+ i π π
16. If Arg z1 and Arg z2 are and respectively, find
n n
5 3
1 + i 2 1 + i2 + 2i
⇒ 2 2 = 1 ⇒ Arg z1 + Arg z2.
=1
1 - i 1+ 1 π π
A: Given Arg z1 = and z 2 =
5 3
1 - 1 + 2i
n
2i
n -π π
n ⇒ A rg z 1 = and Arg z 2 =
= 1 ⇒ = 1⇒ i = 1 5 3
1 + 1 2
-π π = 3π + 5π 2π
n = {4, 8, 12,.............¥} \ Arg z1 + Arg z2 = + = = .
\ Required least positive integer is 4. 5 3 15 5
2π
1 ∴ Arg z1 + Arg z 2 =
13. If z = (cos q, sin q) then find z 5
z AIMSTUTORIAL
A: Given that z = (cos q, sin q) = cos q + i sin q
17. Find the modulus and amplitude form of the complex
1 1 cosθ - isinθ
then = x number 1 3i .
z cosθ + isinθ cosθ - isinθ
cosθ - isinθ cosθ - isinθ A: Let x + iy = 1 3i
= 2 2
=
cosθ - isinθ cos 2 θ + sin 2 θ Here x = 1, y = 3
= cosq - i sin q Now, r = x 2 y2 1 3 4 2
1
∴z -
z
= cos θ + isinθ - cos θ - isinθ cosθ =
x
⇒ cosθ =
1
r 2
1 Hence, y 3
⇒ z - = 2isinθ sinθ = ⇒ sinθ =
z r 2
\ ‘q’ lies in I quadrant and q = Î (- p, p]
3
14. If z1 = - 1, z2 = -i then find Arg ( z1 z2 )
A: Given that z1 = - 1, z2 = - i \ Modulus amplitude form of 1 3i
= r (cosq + isinq) = 2[cos + isin ].
then z1 = cisp, z2 = cis 3 3
2
3 Complex Numbers
Mathematics- IIA AIMS TUTORIAL
AIMS TUTORIAL
100
Here x = -1, y = - 3 22.If 3 i 299 a ib , show that a2 + b2 = 4.
x 2 + y 2 = 1+ 3 = 4 = 2
Now, r = 100
A: Given that 3 +i = 299 a + ib
x -1
cosθ = ⇒ cosθ =
r 2 ⇒ 3 +i
100
= 2 99 a + ib
y - 3
sinθ = ⇒ sinθ =
r 2
100
2
2
2 ⇒ 3 + 1 = 2 99 a 2 + b 2
\ ‘q’ lies in III quadrant and q = .
3 3
\ Polar form of - 1 - i 3 = r (cosq + isinq) ⇒ 2100 = 299 a 2 + b 2
2 2
= 2{cos + isin ]. ⇒ 2 = a2 + b2 ⇒ a2 + b2 = 4
3 3
19. If 3 i r cos θ i sinθ . Find the value of q. 23. If z = x + iy and |z| = 2, find the locus of z.
A: Given that z = x + iy and
a 2
b
2 2 |z| = 2
A: a ib a b 2 i
a b
2
a b2
2
|x + iy| = 2
3 1 x2 + y 2 = 2
3 i 2 i
2 2 x2 + y 2 = 4
so, the locus of z is x2 + y2 = 4.
2 cos isin
6 6 π
24. If the amplitude of z - 1 is , find the locus of z.
. 2
6 A: Let z = x + iy
AIMSTUTORIAL z - 1 = x + iy - 1
= (x - 1) + iy
20. If cos 2α i sin2α cos 2β i sin2β π
Given that amplitude of z - 1 is
= cos q + i sin q find the value of q. 2
A: Given that cos2α + i sin2α cos2β + i sin2β
y
Tan-1 x - 1 =
π
2
= cos q + i sin q y π 1
(cis 2a) (cis 2b) = cos q + i sin q. x - 1 = tan 2 = 0
cis (2a + 2b) = cis q x-1=0
Locus of z is x = 1.
∴ θ = 2α + 2β
A: Given that x + iy
= (cosa + i sina) (cosb + i sinb)
= (cosacosb + sinasinb) + i (sinacosb + cosasinb)
i.e., x + iy = cos(a + b) + i sin(a + b)
4 Complex Numbers
Mathematics- IIA AIMS TUTORIAL
AIMS TUTORIAL
(SAQ) AB 4 2
2
3 1 4 4 8 2 2
2
2 4 5 3 4 4 2 2
2 2
1. Show that the triangle formed by the points in the BC
Argand plane represented by 2 + 2i, -2 - 2i,
0 2 3 5 4 4 2 2
2 2
CD
- 2 3 + 2 3 i is an equilateral triangle.
2 0 1 3 4 4 2 2
2 2
A: Let A(2, 2), B(-2, -2) C( - 2 3 , 2 3 ) represent the DA
given complex numbers in the Argand diagram. AB BC CD DA
A(2, 2)
2 2 5 1 0 16 4
2 2
Now AC
BD 0 4 3 3 16 0 4
2 2
B C
AC = BD.
(-2, -2) (-2 3 , 2 3 ) Hence, the given four complex numbers are the
AB = (2 + 2)2 + (2 + 2)2 vertices of a square.
5 Complex Numbers
Mathematics- IIA AIMS TUTORIAL
AIMS TUTORIAL
AB BC CD DA Þ 3 - 4sin2 q = 0.
2
3 3 2 π
Also AC 4 2
2
3 7 36 100
2 sin2 θ sin .
4 2 3
136 4 x 34 2 34
General solution is θ nπ π , n Z .
2 2 3
7 3 7 1
BD 25 9 34 7. If the point P denotes the complex number z
2 2 2 2
\ AC ¹ BD. z-i
= x + iy in the Argand plane and if is a purely
Hence, given four complex numbers are the vertices z -1
of a rhombus. imaginary number, find the locus of P.
A: Given z = x + iy is any point on the locus.
5. If z = 3 - 5i, then show that z3 - 10z2 + 58z - 136 = 0. z i x iy i
A: Given z = 3 - 5i z 1 x iy 1
z - 3 = - 5i
x i y 1 x 1 iy
(z - 3)2 = (- 5i)2. x
z2 - 6z + 9 = - 25. x 1 iy x 1 iy
z2 - 6z + 34 = 0. x x 1 i x 1 y 1 ixy y y 1
Now z3 - 10z2 + 58z - 136
= z(z2 - 6z + 34) - 4z2 + 24z - 136. x 12 y2
= z(0) - 4 (z2 - 6z + 34)
= 0 - 4 (0)
x 2
y 2 x y i xy x y 1 xy
x 1
2
= 0. y 2
z i
3 + 2i sinθ is purely imaginary..
6. Find the real values of q in order that 1- 2i sinθ . z 1
its real part is zero.
i) real number
ii) purely imaginary number. x2 y2 x y
0.
x 1
2
3 2i sinθ y2
A: 1 2isinθ
x2 + y2 - x - y = 0 and (x, y) ¹ (1, 0)
AIMSTUTORIAL The locus of P is the circle x2 + y2 - x - y = 0
3 2i sinθ 1 2isinθ
= 1 2isinθ x 1 2isinθ excluding the point (1, 0).
3 6isinθ 2isinθ 4 sin2 θ 8. The points P, Q denote the complex numbers z1, z2 in
2
1 4 sin θ the Argand diagram. O is the origin. If
3 4 sin2 θ 8 sinθ z1 z 2 +z1z 2 = 0 then show that POQ = 900 .
2
i
1 4 sin θ 1 4 sin2 θ A: Let z1 = x1 + iy1, z2 = x2 + iy2.
3 2i sinθ Now z1 z2 z1z 2 0 .
i) 1 2isinθ is a real number
its imaginary part is zero. x1 iy1 x2 iy2 x1 iy1 x2 iy2 0
8 sinθ x1x2 ix1y2 ix2y1 y1y2 x1x2 ix1y2 ix2y1 y1y2 0
1 4 sin2 θ
sin q = 0. 2 x1x2 y1y2 0
General solution is q = np, n Î Z. x1x2 y1y2 0
3 2i sinθ
ii) 1 2isinθ is a purely imaginary number y1y 2 x1x 2
its real part is zero. y 0 y 2 0
3 4 sin2 θ 1 1
0 x1 0 x 2 0
1 4 sin2 θ
Slope of OP x slope of OQ = -1.
6 Complex Numbers
Mathematics- IIA AIMS
= cis(a + b)
TUTORIAL
= cos (a + b) + i sin AIMS
(a + b) TUTORIAL
1 1 cos (α+β) - i sin (α+β)
OP OQ Þ = x
ab cos (α+β) + i sin (α +β) cos (α+β) + i sin (α+β)
POQ 900 . cos (α + β) - i sin (α + β)
=
1
9. Show that the points in the Argand diagram = cos (a + b) - i sin (a + b)
represented by the complex numbers z1, z2, z3 are 1
collinear if and only if there exist three real numbers ab + = cos(a + b) + i sin (α + β)
ab
p, q, r not all zero satisfying pz1 + qz2
+ rz3 = 0 and p + q + r = 0. + cos (a + b) - i sin (α + β)
Now pz1 + qz2 + rz3 = 0 and p + q + r = 0. = 2 cos (a + b)
Û pz1 + qz2 = - rz3 = 0 and p + q = - r. 1 ab + 1
pz qz2 ab
= cos (a + b).
1 z3 and p q r 2
r 3. Find the equation of the perpendicular bisector of
pz1 qz 2 the line segment joining the points 7 + 7i, 7 - 7i in the
z3 Argand diagram.
pq A: A(7, 7), B(7, -7) represent given two complex
Û z3 divides the line segment printing z1, z2 in the numbers in the Argand diagram.
ratio q : p.
P
Û z1, z2, z3 are collinear.
z 3 - z1
10.If z - z is a real number, show that the pointss O (7, 0) B
2 1 A
represented by the complex numbers z1, z2, z3 are (7, 7) (7, -7)
collinear. Q
z3 z1 7+7 7-7
Mid point on AB = ,
2
= (7, 0)
A: Let z z = k(a real number) 2
2 1
z3 - z1 = kz2 - kz1 -7 - 7 -14
Slope of AB = = = -¥
(k - 1)z1 = kz2 - z3. 7-7 0
kz z3 Slope of PQ = 0 ( AB PQ )
z1 2 .
k 1 \ Equation of PQ is
Þ z1 divides the line segment joining z2, z3 in the ratio y - 0 = 0 (x - 7)
1 : k externally. AIMSTUTORIAL Þ y = 0.
Hence z1, z2, z3 are collinear.
4. Show that the complex numbers z satisfying
EXTRA QUESTIONS z 2 + z 2 = 2 constitute a hyperbola.
A: Let z = x + iy.
1. Write z = - 7 + 21 i in the polar form.
Now z2 z 2 2
A: Let z = x + iy
x iy x iy 2
2 2
x + iy = - 7 + 21 i
- 7 21 x 2 2ixy i2 y 2 x 2 2ixy i2 y 2 2
+ i
28 28
=
28
2 x2 y2 2 .
-1 3 x 2 y 2 1 which is a hyperbola.
= 2 7 2 + 2 i
5. If (1- i) (2-i) (3-i).......(1-ni) = x - iy, prove that
2π 2π
= 2 7 cos + i sin . 2.5.10......(1+n2) = x2 + y2.
3 3
A: Given (1- i) (2-i) (3-i).......(1-ni) = x - iy.
2. If a = cos a + i sin a and b = cos b + i sin b, then find
1 ab + 1
ab
.
2
A: Now ab = (cis a) (cis b)
7 Complex Numbers
Mathematics- IIA AIMS TUTORIAL
AIMS TUTORIAL
(x + 1) + iy x - i(y + 1) x 2 y 2 2x 6y 6x 2y 12
= x + i(y + 1) . x - i(y + 1) Then a = and b
x y 6 x2 y 6
2 2
x(x + 1) - (x + 1) (y + 1) i + xy i + y(y + 1)
=
x 2 + (y + 1)2
z +1
Given that real part of is 1
z+i
8 Complex Numbers
Mathematics- IIA AIMS TUTORIAL
AIMS TUTORIAL
π
But amplitude of a + ib =
2
a = 0 ad b ³ 0.
x2 + y2 - 2x - 6y = 0 and 2(3x + y - 6) ³ 0.
Hence, locus is the arc of the circle x2 + y2 - 2x - 6y = 0
intercepted by the diameter 3x + y - 6 = 0 not
containing the origin and excluding the points (0, 6)
and (2, 0).
x -1 y -1
11. Find the real values of x and y if + =i.
3+i 3 -i
x 1 y 1
A: Given i
3i 3i
x 1 3 i 3 i y 1
i
3 i 3 i
3x - ix - 3 + i + 3y - 3 + iy - i = 10i
(3x + 3y - 6) + i (-x + y) = 0 + 10i
Equating the real and imaginary parts, 3x + 3y - 6 = 0
and - x + y = 10.
xy 2
x y 10
2y 12
y=6
x+y-2=0Þx+6-2=0Þx=-4 AIMSTUTORIAL
\ x = - 4, y = 6.
9 Complex Numbers