ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP

INTRODUCTION:
Electrical shop gives an exposure to student for basic electric devices and fittings as well as
intricacies involved in domestic and industrial electrical wiring. Practical’s like identification
of phase, neutral and earth of domestic appliances and their connection to two pin/three pin
plugs are performed by the students.

SAFETY AGAINST DANGER:

1) SAFETY CLOTHES:

SAFETY HELMET

A helmet is a form of protective gear worn to protect the head from injuries

SAFETY GOGGLES
Goggles are used for the protection of eyes while working

EAR PLUG

An ear plug is a device that is meant to be inserted in the ear canal to protect the user’s ear
from loud noises or the intrusion of water, foreign bodies, dust and excessive wind

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING AND WORKWEAR

Workwear and protective clothing comes in all shapes, sizes, materials and weights to ensure
a person involved in a specific task or environment is adequately protected and able to apply
the level of physicality required. Very often protective clothing needs to be worn in a
hazardous area, where people need to be noticed. Many protective clothing manufacturers
now supply materials that are lightweight, fully breathable, have high heat resistance and are
high visibility too.
SAFETY SHOES

Shoes are footwear designed specifically to protect the feet

GLOVES

A covering for the hand worn to protect against cold or dirt .

2) TOOLS

PLIERS

Generally, pliers consist of a pair of metal first-class levers joined at a fulcrum positioned
closer to one end of the levers, creating short jaws on one side of the fulcrum, and longer
handles on the other side. This arrangement creates a mechanical advantage, allowing the
force of the hand's grip to be amplified and focused on an object with precision

NEEDLE NOSE PLIERS:

Needle-nose pliers are both cutting and holding pliers used by artisans, jewellery designers,
electricians, network engineers and other tradesmen to bend, re-position and snip wire

SIDE CUTTER:

Diagonal pliers are pliers intended for the cutting of wire. The plane defined by the cutting
edges of the jaws intersects the joint rivet at an angle or "on a diagonal", hence the name.

COMBINATION:

A wrench or spanner is a tool used to provide grip and mechanical advantage in applying
torque to turn objects usually rotary fasteners, such as nuts and bolts or keep them from
turning
SCREW DRIVER:

A screwdriver is a tool, manual or powered, for screwing and unscrewing (inserting and
removing) screws. A typical simple screwdriver has a handle and a shaft, ending in a tip the
user puts into the screw head before turning the handle.

TYPES

FOUR EDGE FLAT

METER TAPE:

It is a common measuring tool. Its design allows for a measure of great length to be easily
carried in pocket or toolkit and permits one to measure around curves or corners

ELECTRICAL TESTER:
A test light, test lamp, voltage tester, or mains tester is a piece of electronic test equipment
used to determine the presence of electricity in a piece of equipment under test.

DIGITAL MULTIMETER:

A digital multimeter (DMM) is a test tool used to measure two or more electrical values—
principally voltage (volts), current (amps) and resistance (ohms). It is a standard diagnostic
tool for technicians in the electrical/electronic industries.

CUTTER KNIFE:

A utility knife is a knife used for general or utility purposes. The utility knife was originally a
fixed blade knife with a cutting edge suitable for general work such as cutting hides and
cordage, scraping hides, butchering animals, cleaning fish, and other tasks. Craft knives are
tools mostly used for crafts.

CLAW HAMMER:
A claw hammer is a tool primarily used for hitting nails into, or extracting nails from, some
other object. Generally, a claw hammer is associated with woodworking but is not limited to
use with wood products.

Electric Cable:
Wire is a single electrical conductor, whereas a cable is a group of wires swathed in
sheathing. The term cable originally referred to a nautical line of multiple ropes used to
anchor ships, and in an electrical context, cables (like wires) are used to carry electrical
currents

Types of Cables:

 According to Insulation:

1) Vulcanized Insulation Rubber (VIR)

It is very elastic cable. It is generally used for ordinary electrical wiring such as in case
capping wiring and used for conduit wiring system.

2) Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

PVC (Polyvinyl chloride) is widely used in electrical cable construction for insulation,
bedding and sheathing. It was the 1950s when PVC started to replace rubber insulated and
sheathed cables in general household wiring due to its ease of processing. PVC is cost-
effective and also has excellent ageing properties and typically exceeds a 25 to 30 year
service life.

3) CTS
It is used in industrial wiring and can be with stand in high temperature. These wires are
provided additional tough rubber sheath. This give protection from moisture They are
available in single twin and three cores.

4) LS
Lead Sheath wires. These are similar to CTS wires except that they are lead alloy instead of
rubber. In addition to mechanical strength these can be used for earthing purpose. These are
used where climate conditions are wet.
  According to core:

1) Single Core
A single core wire is a cylindrical strand of metal. In single core wire there is only a single
core of metal is present, mostly copper or aluminium. These wires are available in different
thickness and gauges. Single core wires or cables are widely used Domestic purpose. They
are mainly used in electrical appliances; these wires can take a good load that is why they are
more preferred in domestic uses. Single core cables are very high ambient wires; these cables
are a good conductor of electricity as well as heat. These cannot melt or burn easily.

2) Double Core
This type of cable is used to connect small appliances which are double insulated and need no
earth. The cable only has two cores being live and neutral. When it is lugged into an electric
outlet current flows into the appliance through one conductor and back into the outlet through
the other. This complete the circuit and the appliance stars working
 3) Triple Core
This type of cable is used to connect appliances such as lamps or extension cables to the
power outlet sockets. The third core connect the meatal part to the earth and any leakage that
may occur due to fault will be safely conducted to the ground.

4) Four Core:
In this type of cable four conductor are present and are separated by an insulation and
it is used for main transmission and distribution.
Types of Wiring:
1) Conduit Wiring:

An electrical conduit is a tube used to protect and route electrical wiring in a building or
structure. Electrical conduit may be made of metal, plastic, fiber, or fired clay. Most conduit
is rigid, but flexible conduit is used for some purposes

2) Casing Capping Wiring:

This is one of the simple forms of electric wiring systems. This is little bit old/conventional
wiring system. Now days we very often use this cashing capping electric wiring system. As
the name referred in this wiring, PVC insulated wires are placed in plastic cashing and
covered with cap. The cashing is of rectangular cross section as shown. The colour of cashing
channel and cap are normally white or grey. The cashing channel and cap are normally made
of either plastic or wood. The channels and caps are available in the market in standard
length. The commonly available standard lengths are 1 meter, 10 feet and 6.5 feet etc.
 3) Batten Wiring:

Batten Wiring In this wring system wooden batten is used. All the cables wiring is installed
on the smooth batten with steel clips and steel clips are installed on the surface of batten to
equal the wooden batten is installed on the walls of the with the help of 1.5-inch screws.

4) Cleat Wiring:

Cleat Wiring is a temporary wiring system. In this system of wiring, wires are taken from one
place to other with the help of Cleats. The cleats are mainly made up of two parts: Upper
Cleat and Lower Cleat. There are grooves in cleats for passing wires through them.