T3911-390-01 SG-Ins Exc EN PDF

Introduction to Creo Simulate 2.
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T3911-390-01
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Copyright © 2012 Parametric Technology Corporation. All Rights Reserved.

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Training Agenda
Day 1
Module 01 ― Introduction to Creo Simulate
Module 02 ― Theoretical Foundations
Module 03 ― Model Preparation
Module 04 ― Analysis Definition Basics
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Module 05 ― Introduction to Results Evaluation
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Day 2
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Module 06 ― Materials and Simulate Geometry Features
Module 07 ― Loads and Constraints
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Module 08 ― Interfaces, Assemblies, and Measures
Day 3
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Module 09 ― Meshing
Module 10 ― More Analysis Types
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Module 11 ― Singularities
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Module 12 ― Basic Model Debugging
Module 13 ― Project
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Day 4
Module 14 ― Model Types
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Module 15 ― Shells
Module 16 ― Idealizations
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Day 5
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Module 17 ― Advanced Analysis

Module 18 ― Sensitivity and Optimization
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Table of Contents
Introduction to Creo Simulate 2.0
Introduction to Results Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1
Exporting Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2
Loads and Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1
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Defining Forces, Moments, and Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2
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Defining Constraints — An Office Chair Leg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-8
Defining Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-17
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Interfaces, Assemblies, and Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1
Reviewing Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-2
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Using Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-10
Meshing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1
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Using AutoGEM Settings — Meshing a Part . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2
Using AutoGEM Settings — Mixed Meshes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-9
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More Analysis Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-1
Using Modal Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-2
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Singularities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-1
Treating Singularities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-2
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Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-1
The Journeyman’s Piece. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-2
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Model Types. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-1

Understanding 2-D Plane Strain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-2
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Understanding 2-D Axial Symmetry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-8

Shells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-1
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Using Shell Pairs for Midsurface Models – Shell Idealizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-2

Using Shell Pairs for Midsurface Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-7
Using Shell Pairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-11
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Using Connection Tools to Join Shell Midsurface Assemblies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-19

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Idealizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-1
Defining a Beam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-2
Creating Weighted and Rigid Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-10
Advanced Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-1
Understanding Linear Buckling Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-2
Understanding Nonlinear Stability Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-8
Sensitivity and Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-1
Defining Design Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-2
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Module 5
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Introduction to Results Evaluation
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© 2012 PTC Module 5 | Page 1

Exercise 1: Exporting Results
Objectives
After successfully completing this exercise, you will be able to:
• Generate different types of postprocessing plots using Simulate result data.
Scenario
Use the postprocessing tools to generate different types of plots from the data generated by Creo
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Simulate.
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Close Window Erase Not Displayed
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Simulate_Analysis\ExportResults
Task 1: Create and edit fringe plots for stress and deformations.
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1. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
2. Click Results from the Run group. The Creo Simulate Results window appears.
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3. Click Insert > Result Window to create the first result window. The Design Study for
Result Window appears.
4. Select the Gearbox output folder and click Open. The Result Window Definition dialog box
appears.
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5. Customize the content as follows:
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• Type MP_STRESS in the Name field.
• Type Gearbox Max Principal Stress in the Title field.
• Select the Quantity tab. Select Max Principal from the Component drop-down list.
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• Select the Display Location tab. Keep the default selection All.
• Select the Display Options tab. Select the following:
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– Continuous Tone
– Deformed
– Show Element Edges
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– Animate
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– Deselect Auto Start

6. Click OK and Show. The results window
appears.
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Module 5 | Page 2 © 2012 PTC

7. Click Play to start animating the results.
Use the Speed Slide bar to slow or accelerate the animation. You can click Stop
and then click Step Forwards to display the animation frame by frame.
8. Click Edit > Result Window. The Result Window Definition dialog box appears.
9. Select the Display Options tab.
10. Modify the following fields:
• Deselect Continuous Tone.
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• Type 20 in the Scaling field.
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• Deselect Show Element Edges.
• Deselect Animate.
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• Click OK and Show. The updated results window appears.
11. Click Edit > Copy. The Result Window Definition dialog box appears.
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• Type MAX_DISP in the Name field.
• Type Gearbox Max Displacement Magnitude in the Title field.
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• Select the Quantity tab. Select Displacement from the drop-down list, and select
Magnitude from the Component drop-down list.
• Select the Display Location tab and accept all defaults.
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• Select the Display Options tab. Complete the following:
– Select Continuous Tone.
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– Select Deformed.
– Select Overlay Undeformed.
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– Type 50 in the Scaling field.

– Select Animate.
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– Deselect Auto Start.

appears. Two result windows are now open.
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14. Animate the results.

You need to click in the window where Animate has been turned on in order to be
able to animate it.
15. Click Show Definitions . The Display Result Window appears.

16. Deselect MP_STRESS. Click OK. The display of the result window is turned off. Only the
MAX_DISPL result window is displayed.

19. Modify the following fields:
• Deselect Continuous Tone.
• Deselect Deformed.
• Deselect Overlay Undeformed.
• Type 10 in the Scaling field and select %.
20. Click OK and Show. Do not close the window.
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Task 2: Process Fringe Plot result window.
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1. To change the orientation of the model in the fringe plot, click Saved View List . Click
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Front.
2. Repeat, clicking Top, then Right.
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3. Restore the default orientation by clicking Default.
4. Click Insert > Cutting/Capping Surfs. The Results Surface Definition dialog box appears.
Complete the fields as follows to insert a cutting surface:
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• Select Cutting Surface from the Type drop-down list.
• Select WCS from the Define by drop-down list.
• Select the XZ plane.
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• Type 50 in the Depth field, and select %.
5. Click OK.
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6. Animate the results in the model. Notice the display of the fringe plot results along a sliver
surface cut away about 50% from the XZ plane. Do not stop the animation.
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7. Select Edit > Cutting Surf. The Results Surface Definition dialog box appears.
8. Complete the following fields:
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• Select the YZ plane.

9. Click OK. Review the new displayed and animated fringe plot.
10. Select Edit > Delete Cutting Surf to delete the YZ plane cutting surface.
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11. Click Insert > Cutting/Capping Surfs. The Results Surface Definition dialog box appears.
Complete the fields as follows to insert a capping surface:
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• Select Capping Surface from the Type drop-down list.

• Select WCS from the Define by drop-down list.
• Select the XZ plane.
• Type 60 in the Depth field, and select %.
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12. Click OK. Notice that animation is still on while displaying only 60% of the model.
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13. Select Edit > Capping Surf. The Results Surface Definition dialog box appears.
14. Change the fields to explore other settings.
15. Click OK. Review the new display and animation.
16. Select Edit > Delete Capping Surf to delete the capping surface.
The Cutting/Capping Surface functionality can be applied to both 3-D parts and
assemblies’ fringe and vector plots.

18. Select MP_STRESS. Deselect MAX_DISPL. Click OK. Only the MP_STRESS result window
is displayed.

21. Deselect Animation.
22. Click OK and Show.
23. Click Info > Measures. The Measures dialog
box appears.
24. Select max_stress_prin from the Measure
Name list.
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25. Click Create Annotation. Note the annotation
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created in the fringe plot with the leader pointing
to the location where the maximum is found.
26. Click Close.
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You can spin, pan, zoom, and rotate the
model and the leader of the annotation
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follows.
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27. Click Info > Dynamic Query. The Query dialog
box appears. al
28. Place the cursor next to the area where the
annotation leader is reported. The values appear
in the Query dialog box. Use the mouse button
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and click several times around that maximum
location area. Notice the values are left recorded
on the fringe plot as shown in the figure.
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29. Click Close.

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30. Click Info > Clear All Query Tags. The Question dialog box appears. Click Yes.
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31. Click Edit > Delete Annotation.

32. Click Edit > Legend Value.
33. Click the value below the maximum number in
the legend. The Enter Data dialog box appears.
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Type 150 in the field.

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34. Click OK. The Question dialog box appears.

Click Yes. The legend value and the color
distribution in the fringe plot is updated.
You can never modify the maximum and
minimum legend values. You can turn
them off by clicking Format > Legend,
and deselecting Show View Min/Max.

Task 3: Create and edit vector and model plots.
• Type MP_VECTOR in the Name field.
• Type Gearbox Max Principal Stress — Vector Plot in the Title field.
• Select Vectors from the Display Type drop-down list.
• Select the Quantity tab. Complete the following:
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– Select Stress from the drop-down list.
– Select Max Principal from the Component drop-down list.
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– Select Shaded Vectors.
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– Type 20 in the Scaling field, and select %.
– Select Animate.
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– De-select Auto Start.
– Type 20 in the Frames field.
3. Click OK and Show. The results window appears.
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4. Click Show Definitions . The Display Result
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Window appears.
5. Deselect MP_STRESS and MM_DISPL. Click
OK. Only the MP_ALL_STRESS result window
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is displayed.
6. Animate the results. The content is displayed
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as shown.
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7. Click Format > Result Window. The Format
Result Window dialog box appears.
8. Select Black from the Background Color
drop-down list. Select the following from the
Visibilities section:
• Title
• Coordinate System
• Legend
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• Csys Triad
• Annotations
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9. Click OK. The result window now has a black
background.
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10. Click Format > Legend. The Edit Legend dialog
box appears.
11. Modify the dialog box as shown. Click OK.
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• Type MODEL in the Name field.
• Type Gearbox Model Plot in the Title field.
• Select Model from the Display Type drop-down list.
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• Select the Quantity tab. Complete the following:
– Select Displacement from the drop-down list.
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– Select Magnitude from the Component drop-down list.
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– Select Shade Surfaces.
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– Type 30 in the Scaling field, and select %.
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– Deselect Animate.
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appears.
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15. Click Format > Result Window. The Format Result Window dialog box appears.
16. Select Creo from the Background Color drop-down list.

Task 4: Create and edit graphs.
1. Click Edit > Copy. The Result Window Definition

dialog box appears.
• Type MP_GRAPH in the Name field.
• Type Gearbox Max Principal Stress – Graph
Plot in the Title field.
• Select Graph from the Display Type
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drop-down list.
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• Select the Quantity tab. Complete the
following:
– In the Graph Ordinate (Vertical) Axis
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section, select Stress from the drop-down
list.
– Select Max Principal from the Component
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drop-down list.
– In the Graph Abscissa (Horizontal) Axis
section, select Curve Arc Length.
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– In the Graph Location section, click Select
Reference . In the pop-up window, select
the curves shown in the figure. Click OK in
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the Select dialog box and click OK in the
information window.
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appears.
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4. Click Show Definitions . The Display Result

Window appears.
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5. Deselect MODEL and MP_VECTOR. Click OK.

Only the MP_GRAPH result window is displayed.
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6. Click Format > Graph. The Graph Window
Options dialog box appears.
7. Select the Y Axis tab. Complete the following:
• In the Tick Marks section, type 3 in the Major
field.
8. Click OK. The modified graph is shown in the
figure.
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9. Click File > Export > Excel. The Export to Excel dialog box appears.
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10. Type a name for the file in the Name field and click Save. An Excel file is generated.
You can also export the content of the graph in a tabulated form by clicking File >
Export > Graph Report.
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12. Select all the names listed and click OK. All the result windows are displayed.
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13. Press SHIFT and click the MP_STRESS and MAX_DISPL windows.
14. Click File > Export > HTML Report. The HTML Report dialog box appears.
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15. Complete the following:
• Type Gearbox_Investigation in the HTML Report Name field.
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• Type Gearbox Test 125AK in the Browser Title field.

• Type New Investigation on the Gearbox Design in the HTML Report Title field.
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• Select Introduction from the Item list.

• Type Please examine the max stress seen in this report. I am concerned that a
failure may occur. in the Content field.
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• Browse to a directory for the files in the Directory for HTML Report Files field.
16. Click Export.
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This report can be opened and viewed with any browser. It can be edited with any
tool that enables HTML editing or a text editor.
Task 5: Save Result windows and use templates.

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2. Deselect all the names listed except MP_STRESS. Click OK. Only the MP_STRESS result
window is displayed.
3. Click File > Save As. The Save Result Window dialog box appears.
4. Type MP_STRESS_ITERATION in the Name field, and select *.rwd from the Type drop-down
list.
5. Click Save.
Any *.rwd saved result window file can be opened by clicking File > Open from the
Creo Simulate Results window.

6. Click File > Save As Template. The Save Result Template dialog box appears.
7. Type STRESS_TEMPLATE in the Name field.
8. Click Select Folder and type a name for the template.
9. Click Save. The Save Results dialog box appears.
10. Select the following from the Store With Template section:
• Units
• Legend Values
• Model Orientation
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• Deformed Scale
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11. Click OK.
12. Click Insert > Results Window From Template.
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13. Select Plastic_Clip.
14. Click Open. The Insert Results Window From Template dialog box appears.
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15. Click Select Folder . The Load Result Window dialog box appears.
16. Select STRESS_TEMPLATE from the working directory.
17. Click Open. The Insert Result Window From Template dialog box appears.
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18. Click OK and Show. A new results window is created from a different output directory with
the same model orientation, units, and legend display.
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19. Click File > Exit Results. A Prompt dialog box appears.
20. Click No. The Creo Simulate interface is now active.
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This completes the exercise.
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Module 7
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Loads and Constraints
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Exercise 1: Defining Forces, Moments, and Pressure
Objectives
• Define constraints.
• Define forces.
• Define and run a static analysis.
• Create result windows.
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Scenario
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In this exercise, you investigate the stresses and deformations that develop on a sheave shaft under
external loads. The structural component is subjected to several types of loads (pressure and
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torque). The purpose of the exercise is to show how to combine their effects. In this example, you
assume only material linearity. Therefore, the load effects can be linearly combined.
In this example, the knowledge about the load magnitudes is either simulated or evaluated from
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the limp belt theory. Always make sure that you are using legitimate engineering references when
analytically estimating load values or constraint systems.
From the belt drive, the shaft is loaded in bending and torsion as shown below. You want to transfer
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a torque of 50 N. You can make use of the limp belt theory and the equations shown.
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Study these load components and think about how to group them to examine their individual effects.
You use three main load sets:
1. The pressure from belt pretension.
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2. The external torque.

3. Additional belt pressure from the transferred torque.
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In this exercise, we use the following values and properties:

Load Definition Value
T Torque to be transferred 50 N
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B1req Minimum required belt 1824.1 N

pretension force to transfer
torque
B1 Selected belt pretension (force 2500 N
in the loose side of the belt)
B2 Tensile force in the loaded side 5357.14 N
of the belt
Ft Tangential force (transfers the 2857.14 N
torque)
d Traction sheave diameter 35 mm
w Belt width 6 mm

Load Definition Value
pB1 Belt pressure from selected 23.8095 MPa
belt pretension
pFTmax Maximum additional belt 27.2109 MPa
pressure from tangential force
fFt Belt tangential traction from 8.6615 MPa
tangential force
μ Friction coefficient belt-sheave 0.3
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α Wrap angle 180°=3.1415 rad
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Simulate_Modeling\DefineForce TRACTION_SHEAVE_SHAFT_B.PRT
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Task 1: Investigate the model properties.
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1. Click File > Prepare > Model Properties. The Model Properties dialog box appears.
2. Review the units used in the model. To close the Model Properties dialog box, click Close.
3. In the model tree, expand Materials. Right-click HIGH_STRENGTH_STEEL and select Edit
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Definition. The Material Definition dialog box appears.
4. Review the values for Young’s Modulus (E) and Poisson’s Ratio. In addition to the stresses
and deformations, you will plot the Failure Index. Therefore, the Failure Criteria has been
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defined for this material. It is a ductile material and the Yield Strength of the material has
been specified. Click Ok to close the Material Definition dialog box.
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5. Review the surface and volume regions created in the model. These are used for constraint
and load definitions. To identify these simulation features, expand Simulation Features.
Click in each feature to identify it in the model. The surface regions help to define constraints
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in the model. The volume regions help to define loads.

6. Review the datum points defined in the model by clicking PNT2, PNT3, PNT4, and PNT5 in
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the model tree. These points help to define constraints in the model.
Task 2: Define constraints in the model.

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1. Define the weighted links in the model. In the

ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
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2. Click Weighted Link from the Connections

group. The Weighted Link Definition dialog box
appears.
3. Select Surfaces from the Independent Side
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drop-down list. Select the cylindrical surface

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Surf:F30 on the model as shown.
4. Enable Point Display . In the Weighted Link

Definition dialog box, Dependent Side section,
click in the Point field. Select PNT8 on the model
as shown.
5. Click OK.
6. Repeat this procedure to create a second
weighted link on the other end of the shaft.
Select PNT9 as the Dependent Side point.

7. Click Spring from the Idealizations group. The Spring Definition dialog box appears.
• Select To Ground from the Type drop-down list.
• Select Single in the References section.
• Select PNT8 on the model.
9. In the Properties section, click More. The Spring Properties dialog box appears.
10. Click New. The Spring Property Definition dialog
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box appears.
11. Complete the Spring Property Definition dialog
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box as shown.
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12. In the Spring Property Definition dialog box, click OK.
13. In the Spring Properties dialog box, click OK.
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14. In the Spring Definition dialog box, click OK.
15. Define a second spring element To Ground for
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PNT9 at the opposite end of the shaft. Complete
the Spring Property Definition dialog box as
shown, and click OK to return to the Spring
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Properties dialog box.
16. Click OK to close the Spring Properties and
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Spring Definition dialog boxes and complete the

spring definition.
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17. In addition to the two spring elements that you just created, you need to create a “dummy”
spring element connecting the two points, PNT8 and PNT9. This element is needed to
bypass any error checking done by Creo Simulate regarding the To Ground springs. Click
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Spring from the Idealizations group. The Spring Definition dialog box appears.
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• Select Simple from the Type drop-down list.
• Select Point-Point in the References section.
• Select PNT8 and PNT9 on the model.
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• In the Properties section, select Constant Stiffness from the Extensional Force-Deflection
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Variation drop-down list.

• In the Extensional Stiffness field, type 0.001.
• In the Torsional Stiffness field, type 0.
19. Click OK to close the Spring Definition dialog box and complete the spring definition.

Task 3: Define the model loads.
1. Define a load set simulating the belt preload.

The load is defined in a Cylindrical coordinate
system that has been defined. In the ribbon,
select the Home tab.
2. Click Force/Moment Load from the Loads
group. The Force/Moment Load dialog box
appears.
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3. In the Member of Set section, click New. The
Load Set Definition dialog box appears.
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4. Type Belt_Preload in the Name field. Click OK.
5. Select the curved surface on the model as
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shown. One surface should be displayed in the
selection bin.
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6. In the Force/Moment Load dialog box, select Selected in the Properties section.
7. In the model tree, expand Simulation Features and select CS1.
8. Select Force Per Unit Area from the Distribution drop-down list.
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9. In the Force section, type –23.8095 in the R field.
10. Click Preview to review the load.
11. Click OK.
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12. Define a load simulating the torque in the shaft.
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This torque load set has two loads. The first load
is the transferred torque defined at the end of
the shaft. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
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appears.
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15. Type Torque in the Name field. Click OK.

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shown. Two surfaces should be displayed in the

selection bin.
17. In the Force/Moment Load dialog box, select Advanced in the Properties section.
18. Select Total Load at Point from the Distribution drop-down list. In the model, select PNT2.
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19. In the Moment section, type –50000 in the Z field.

21. Click OK.

22. The second load of the torque load set is applied
on half of the surface shaft. In the ribbon, select
the Home tab.
appears.
24. In the Member of Set section, select Torque
from the drop-down list.
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selection bin.
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27. In the model tree, select CS1.
29. In the Force section, type 8.6614935 in the Theta field.
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31. Click OK.
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32. The last load set contains the additional pressure
load from the transferred torque. The load is
going to vary as a function of geometry. In the
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ribbon, select the Home tab.

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appears.
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35. Type Belt_addition_p_from_T in the Name
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field. Click OK.

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selection bin.
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38. In the model tree, select CS1.

40. Select Interpolated Over Entity from the Spacial Variation drop-down list.
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41. Click Define. The Interpolation Over Entity dialog box appears.
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42. Click Add.

43. Select PNT3 and PNT4 from the model.
44. Click Done/Return.
45. In the Interpolation Over Entity dialog box, type 0 in the first field, and type 27.2109 in the
second field.
46. Click OK.
47. In the Force/Moment dialog box, in the Force section, type –1 in the R field.
49. Click OK.

Task 4: Define and run the static analysis.

2. Click Analyses and Studies from the Run group. The Analyses and Design Studies
dialog box appears.
3. Click File > New Static. The Static Analysis Definition dialog box appears.
• In the Name field, type Shaft.
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• Select only the following load sets in the Load Set/Component section.
– Belt_Preload
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– Torque
– Belt_addition_p_from_T
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• Keep all other defaults.
Note that there are no constraint sets. The spring elements defined as To Ground
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are the actual constraints.
5. Click OK.
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6. Click Start Run . Click Yes to run interactive diagnostics.
7. Click Display Study Status to view the summary report after the analysis is complete.
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Note the maximum values for the stresses and deformations for all three load sets. These
effects are not added; they are computed individually.
8. Close all dialog boxes except for the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box.
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Task 5: Create result windows and inspect the results.

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1. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, select Shaft.

2. Create the following fringe plots to visually interpret the results:
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• Maximum displacement magnitude

• Failure Index
• Principal Stress Vectors
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Note that Creo Simulate provides three individual results to choose the effects
from based on the load sets defined. By default Creo Simulate will combine these
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effects. Clear the Include check boxes to investigate individual effects or other
load combinations. In addition, note the Scaling option. Since this is a linear static
analysis, a multiplier can be used to get the effects of applying three times the load
in the model. The multiplier can have different values for each load set defined
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in the model.
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Exercise 2: Defining Constraints — An Office Chair Leg
Objectives
• Define constraints in a model.
• Define loads in a model.
• Define and run a static analysis.
• Review a summary report.
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• Create a result window and review results.
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Scenario
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In this exercise, you investigate a structural component made of a brittle material. Your goal is to
find out if the material is able to withstand the maximum stress in the model. You also improve on
how to create and investigate results using Creo Simulate.
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The model to be analyzed is a chair under a 4500 N load. You can use symmetry since the material,
loads, and constraints are also symmetrical but, in this case, radial.
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Simulate_Modeling\Constraints OFFICE_CHAIR_LEVER_SIMULATE.PRT
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Creo Parametric users open OFFICE_CHAIR_LEVER.
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Task 1: Define constraints in the model.

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2. Click Displacement from the Constraints

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group. The Constraint dialog box appears.

3. Press CTRL and in the model select both
surfaces as shown. Two surfaces should be
listed in the References section in the Constraint
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dialog box.
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4. In the Coordinate System section, select
Selected.
5. In the model tree, expand Simulation Features
and select SYMMETRY_CONSTRAINT_UCS.
6. In the Translation section, click Free Translation
for R and Z translations. The dialog box should
now appear as shown.
7. Click OK.
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10. Select the surface shown on the model.
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11. Complete the remainder of the dialog box as

shown and click OK.
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Task 2: Define the load on the model.

appears.
3. Select the curved surface as shown.
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4. Type 450 in the Y field in the Force section.
5. Click Preview to review the load distribution.
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6. Click OK.
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2. Click Analyses and Studies from the Run
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group. The Analyses and Design Studies dialog
box appears.
3. Click File > New Static. The Static Analysis
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Definition dialog box appears.
4. Complete the dialog box as shown.
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5. Click OK.
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6. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, click Run > Settings. The Run Settings
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dialog box appears.

7. Review the default settings and click OK.
8. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, click Start Run .
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9. Click Yes in the Question dialog box.

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10. Click Display Study Status to monitor the run. The Run Status dialog box appears.
11. Review the information displayed in the Run Status dialog box after the run is complete.
Notice the maximum values for the stresses and deformations, and also check the
convergence of the solution.
The values reported in the Summary report help you understand only the magnitude
of the quantities you’re looking for. You need to create fringe/vector plots and graphs
for a better interpretation of the results. These plots help you find the maximum
stress location and deformed shape.
12. In the Run Status dialog box, click Close.
13. In the Diagnostics dialog box, click Close.

Task 4: Create result window and inspect results.
1. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, select the analysis that just completed.
2. Click Results > Define Result Window. The Result Window Definition dialog box appears.
3. Create and review the following four result windows:
• Failure Index
• Maximum Displacement Magnitude
• Principal Stress Convergence Graph
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• P-Level Plot
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Note the maximum deformation at the center of the hole is approximately 1.25 mm.
4. In the Creo Simulate Results window, click File > Exit Results.
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5. Click No in the Message dialog box.
6. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, click Close.
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Task 5: Define enforced displacement constraints in the model.
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3. Select the internal surface of the hole as shown.
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4. In the Translation section, click Prescribed Translation for the Y translation.

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5. Type 1.25 in the Y translation field.

6. Click OK.
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Task 6: Define the resultant force measure.

2. Click Measures from the Run group. The
Measures dialog box appears.
3. Click New. The Measure Definition dialog box
appears.
4. Complete the dialog box as shown. When
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selecting the Surface, select surface
SURF:F12(PROTRUSION).
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5. Click OK.
6. In the Measures dialog box, click Close.
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Task 7: Define a new static analysis.
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box appears.
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5. Click OK.
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6. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, select the new analysis and click Start
Run .
8. Click Confirm in the next dialog box.
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3. Create and review the following three result windows:
• Failure Index
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• Maximum Displacement Magnitude Fringe Plot
• Maximum Principal Stress Fringe Plot
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Compare the deformed shape with the one evaluated before. Notice that this is not
the same as before and it should be. The deformed shape indicates that applying
the enforced (prescribed) displacement in this way leads to erroneous results.
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Unrealistically high local deformation is developed in that area. The model is now
overconstrained and a bending moment is induced.
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Task 9: Model weighted link-spring connection.

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1. In the model trees, expand Loads/Constraints.

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2. Expand Constraint Set.

3. Right-click the last constraint set and select Delete.
4. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
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5. Click Weighted Link from the Connections

group. The Weighted Link Definition dialog box
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appears.
6. Select Surfaces from the Independent Side
drop-down list.
7. Select the cylindrical and flat surfaces as shown.

8. Click in the Point field in the Dependent Side
section and select the point POINT0 on the
model as shown.
9. Click OK.
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11. Click Spring from the Idealizations group.
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The Spring Definition dialog box appears.
12. Complete the dialog box as shown, selecting the
specified points in the model.
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13. Click OK.
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Task 10: Define a new enforced displacement constraint in the model.

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3. Select Points from the References drop-down

list.
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4. Select the datum point as shown.

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5. In the Translation section, click Prescribed Translation for the Y translation.

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6. Type 1.25 in the Y translation field.

7. Click OK.

Task 11: Define a new static analysis.

box appears.
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5. Click OK.
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6. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, select the new analysis and click Start
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Run .
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3. Create and review the following four result windows:
• Failure Index
• Maximum Displacement Magnitude Fringe Plot
• Maximum Principal Stress Fringe Plot
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• Maximum Principal Stress Convergence Graph
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Compare the new deformed shape with the ones evaluated before. Investigate
the deformed shape and stress distribution in the model and compare these to
the previous two results.
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7. Click File > Manage > Erase Current.
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8. Click Yes in the dialog box.

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Exercise 3: Defining Constraints
Objectives
• Define Pin constraints in cylindrical holes.
• Use the three-point constraint rule for statically determinate constrained models.
• Use the Inertia Relief functionality as an alternate for those models.
• Review the stiffening effects of constraints and related errors.
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Scenario
In this example, you investigate the influence of the constraints and loads for an Aluminum tilt lever
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subjected to a quasi-static bending load of 1500 N. The load is caused by steel rods placed with
some clearance inside of the cylindrical holes. You are interested in the lever’s stiffness and strength.
An accurate analysis of the stress state around the holes can be performed with a nonlinear contact
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analysis of the complete assembly, taking into account the tolerances and stiffness (geometry and
material) of the steel rods. Since this is very resource- and time-consuming, you learn different
approximate solutions of how to constrain and load the part. You use these solutions to judge what
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the best and worse loading condition may be in reality.
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Simulate_Modeling\Constraints TILT_LEVER_CONSTRAINEFFECTS_SIM.PRT
Creo Parametric users open TILT_LEVER_CONSTRAINEFFECTS.PRT.
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Task 1: Define the pin constraints using predefined pin constraints.

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2. In the Constraints group, click Pin Constraint . The Pin Constraint dialog box appears.
3. On the model, select the two larger holes as
shown.
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4. Validate that the axial translations and rotations
are set to free as shown.
Axial translations are not fixed in the pin
constraint because this would prevent
the material at the hole surfaces from
shortening or expanding axially due to
Poisson’s effect (lateral strain effect).
This would artificially stiffen the lever,
especially at the central hole where the
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bending moment is highest.
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5. Click OK.
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6. In the ribbon, select the Home tab. al
7. In the Constraints group, click Displacement . The Constraint dialog box appears.
8. Select Points from the References drop-down menu.
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9. On the model, select PNT1.
10. In the Translation section, click Free Translation for the X and Y translations.
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11. Click OK.

Simulate requires, in a static analysis, that the model is at least statically
determinate. It also may be redundantly constrained. To prevent the complete lever
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from sliding along the bearing hole axes, one arbitrary point on the lever surface in
WCS Z-direction is constrained. Since there is no applied force in the Z-direction,
this cannot cause a singularity.
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Task 2: Define the bearing load.

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2. In the Loads group, click Bearing . The Bearing Load dialog box appears.
3. On the model, select a half surface of the small hole. Two surfaces are listed in the dialog box.
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4. In the Force section, type –1500 in the Y field.
The completed dialog box is shown.
5. Click OK.
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Task 3: Mesh the model.
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2. Click AutoGEM from the AutoGEM group. The AutoGEM dialog box appears.
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3. Click Create. Note there are approximately 1500 solid elements created.
4. Click Close in all dialog boxes and No to the prompt to save the mesh.
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dialog box appears.
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• In the Name field, type tilt_lever_pinconstrained.
• Select the constraint and load sets displayed in the Constraint Set/Component and Load
Set/Component sections.
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• Click the Convergence tab and click Single Pass Adaptive from the Method drop-down
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menu.
5. Click OK to return to the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box.
6. Click Configure Run Settings . The Run Settings dialog box appears.
7. The results and temporary output directories are set by default in the working directory. Both
analyses are stored in this location. Click OK.

8. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, select the analysis just defined and click
Start Run . Click Yes to run interactive diagnostics.
10. Carefully inspect the information displayed in the summary file. Note the maximum values for
the most sought quantities (stresses and deformations). Close all dialog boxes and return to
the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box.
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1. In the Analyses and Design Studies window, select tilt_lever_pinconstrained.
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2. Select Results > Show Default Result Windows. Three default result windows appear:
• von Mises Stress Animation
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• Displacement Magnitude Fringe
• Principal Stress Vectors
3. Review the following:
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• Observe the movements and deformations of the lever in the animated results. The pin
constrained bearing holes can rotate, but they cannot deform in the constrained directions,
since these become infinitely stiff.
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• In the principal stress vector plot, observe the non-realistic principal stress vector directions
at the two constrained holes. Since the real bearing rod can just carry forward compression
forces, there can be no tension stresses normal to the hole surfaces. In the outer big
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bearing hole, observe that the vectors normal to the hole surface do not point down, but
are oriented towards the left side. The reason is that the idealized pin constraint fixes the
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through rod within the hole in the WCS-X direction also, not only in Y.
• As a consequence, the stress near the constraints may be inaccurate.
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4. Click File > Exit Results to return to Creo Simulate. Click No in the Message dialog box.
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6. Click File > Manage Session > Erase Current to close the displayed window and erase
the model from memory.
7. Click OK in the erase confirm prompt.
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Task 6: Open the model to begin a three-point constraint modeling approach.

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This second method of analysis uses a three-point constraint method. The rule for
applying the three-point constraint is as follows:
• The points can be anywhere on the model surface, but are not allowed to be collinear.
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• Fix the first point in all translational directions.

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• Fix the second point in the two orthogonal directions relative to the axis through point
1 and point 2.
• Fix the third point normal to the surfaces through all points.
1. Open the file TILT_LEVER_CONSTRAINEFFECTS_SIM.PRT.

Task 7: Define the three-point constraints.
1. On the model, locate points PNT0, PNT1, and

PNT2 as shown. Note they are not collinear.
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4. In the Member of Set section, click New. The Constraint Set Definition dialog box appears.
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5. In the Name field, type 3point.
6. Click OK to return to the Constraint dialog box.
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9. In the Translation section, click Fixed for the X, Y, and Z translations. This is the first point
fixed in all translational directions.
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10. Click OK.

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15. In the Translation section, click Free Translation for the X translation. Verify that the Y
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and Z translations are fixed. This is the second point fixed in the two orthogonal directions
relative to the axis through point 1 and point 2.
16. Click OK.
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21. In the Translation section, click Free Translation for the X and Y translations. Verify that
the Z translation is fixed. This is the third point fixed normal to the surfaces through all points.
22. Click OK.

Task 8: Define the bearing loads.
3. In the Member of Set section, click New. The Load Set Definition dialog box appears.
4. In the Name field, type force_equilibrium.
5. Click OK to return to the Bearing Load dialog box.
6. On the model, select a half surface of the small hole. Two surfaces are listed in the dialog box.
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8. Click OK.
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11. On the model, select a half surface of the middle hole. Two surfaces are listed in the dialog
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box.
12. In the Force section, type 3152.81 in the Y field.
13. Click OK.
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14. In the ribbon, select the Home tab. al
16. On the model, select a half surface of the remaining third hole. Two surfaces are listed in
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the dialog box.
17. In the Force section, type –1652.81 in the Y field.
18. Click OK.
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19. To review the resultant load in the model, click the Loads group drop-down menu and select
Review Total Load. The Load Resultant dialog box appears.
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20. In the Loads section, click Select Reference .

21. In the model tree, expand Loads/Constraints and Load Set force_equilibrium. Select Load1,
Load2, and Load3.
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22. In the Select dialog box, click OK.

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23. In the Load Resultant dialog box, click Compute Load Resultant.
24. Note that all the Load Resultant values are approximately zero. This confirms the correct
values for the balanced bearing loads, and the fact the model is in equilibrium. Click OK.
Task 9: Define and run the static analyses.

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dialog box appears.
3. Define this first static analysis using the three-point constraint defined. Click File > New
Static. The Static Analysis Definition dialog box appears.

• In the Name field, type tilt_lever_3point.
• Select 3point/TILT_LEVER_CONSTRAINEFFECTS_SIM in the Constraint
Set/Component section. De-select any other constraint set if required.
• Select force_equilibrium/TILT_LEVER_CONSTRAINEFFECTS_SIM in the Load
Set/Component section. De-select any other load set if required.
menu.
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the most sought quantities (stresses and deformations). Also note that the resultant load is
zero. Close all dialog boxes and return to the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box.
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11. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, define a second static analysis using inertia
relief. Click File > New Static. The Static Analysis Definition dialog box appears.
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• In the Name field, type tilt_lever_inertiarelief.
• Select Inertia Relief. Note the constraint sets are grayed out in the Constraints section.
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• Select force_equilibrium/TILT_LEVER_CONSTRAINEFFECTS_SIM in the Load

Set/Component section. De-select any other load set if required.
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menu.
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the most sought quantities (stresses and deformations) and resultant load. Close all dialog
boxes and return to the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box.

1. Create three result windows displaying the von Mises stress using the following output folders:
• tilt_lever_pinconstrained
• tilt_lever_3point
• tilt_lever_inertiarelief
• Notice that the stiffening effect from the constraint is missing and observe significant higher
stress (+50%) around the central bearing hole. The completed bearing load is transferred
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to the upper bearing hole half cylinder. Compare these results with the ones when we
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used pin constraints.
3. Create three additional result windows displaying the principal stress vectors using the
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following output folders:
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• The stress results for the three-point constraint and inertia relief are the same.
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• The principal stress vectors, especially in the central hole, look more reasonable for the
models analyzed in force equilibrium.
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5. Create three additional result windows displaying the displacement magnitude using the
following output folders:
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6. Compare the differences between them.

7. Note the advantages and disadvantages of these methods:
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• Cylindrical CSYS/Pin Constraints

– Easy and fast to create, especially the pin constraints. Suitable for redundantly
constrained structures where the external forces cannot be analyzed by hand without
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taking into account the structural stiffness.

– Inaccurate results near the constraints. The constrained directions become
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infinitesimally stiff.
• Three-point
– Resultant load in the report file enables checking that the force balance was correct.
– Also, “hot spot” check at the point constraints enables furthermore checking free
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moments, even if the force balance is correct.

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– Defined Zero point for displacements.

– Tedious and long operation to define the point constraints.
• Inertia Relief
– Easy and fast to create (no constraint definition necessary).
– Just the force balance can be checked. A free moment is difficult to control since no
“hot spots” appear (no constraints prevent the part deformation from a free moment,
balanced with rotational acceleration).
– No defined “Zero”-point for displacements.

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Module 8
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Interfaces, Assemblies, and Measures
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Exercise 1: Reviewing Interfaces
Objectives
• Define constraints.
• Define a temperature load.
• Define an interface.
• Define and run an analysis.
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• Create a result window.
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Scenario
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In this exercise you investigate the deformations on the welded joint shown, after it has been cooled
down to 100° K. You also find the vertical reaction force at the stamp.
The model is an assembly of components connected together with no offsets. The surfaces are
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connected; therefore, common finite element nodes should be expected where the parts are
touching.
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In this exercise only one eighth of the model is used. The loads, materials, and constraints are
symmetrical.
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Simulate_Modeling\Constraints WELDED_JOINT_B
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3. In the model tree, expand Materials. Right-click ALUMINUM and select Edit Definition.
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The Material Definition dialog box appears.

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4. Review the values for Young’s Modulus (E) and Poisson’s Ratio. You are defining a
temperature change in the model, so ensure that the Coefficient of Thermal Expansion has
been defined. Click Ok to close the Material Definition dialog box.

Task 2: Define the constraints.
Since the model has been cut due to symmetry, you must constrain the surfaces to simulate
the missing geometry. You must also define the Creo Simulate constraints to simulate
how the structure is constrained.
Define the symmetry constraints. These

constraints are a combination of mirror and
surface constraints simulating the missing
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geometry. All these constraints are part
of the same set acting together on the
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structure.
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2. Click the Constraints group drop-down menu
and select Symmetry . The Symmetry
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Constraint dialog box appears.
3. Press CTRL and select the three surfaces
shown.
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4. The three surfaces are listed in the selection
section in the dialog box as shown. Click OK.
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7. Press CTRL and select the three surfaces
shown. The three surfaces are displayed in the
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selection section.
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8. Complete the remaining sections in the dialog
box as shown.
9. Click OK to close the Constraint dialog box.
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12. Select the surface shown. The surface is
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displayed in the selection section.
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box as shown.
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17. Select the surface shown. The surface is

displayed in the selection section.
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box as shown.

2. Select Maximum Element Size from the

Control Types drop-down menu in the AutoGEM
group. The Maximum Element Size Control
dialog box appears.
3. In the References section, select Components
from the drop-down menu.
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4. In the model tree, press CTRL and select
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PLATE.PRT and STAMP.PRT.
5. Type 15 in the Element Size field.
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6. Click OK.
7. Click AutoGEM from the AutoGEM group.
The AutoGEM dialog box appears.
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8. Click Create. The mesh is created as shown.
9. Inspect the mesh and note that common nodes are created where surfaces of the parts
involved are touching.
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10. Click Close in all dialog boxes to return to the AutoGEM dialog box.
11. In the AutoGEM dialog box, click Close.
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12. Click No when prompted to save the mesh.
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Task 4: Define the temperature load.

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2. Click Temperature from the Loads group. The Structural Temperature Load dialog box
appears.
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3. In the model tree, select WELDED_JOINT_B.ASM. This will apply the load to the entire
system.
4. Complete the remainder of the dialog box as follows:
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• In the Spatial Variation field, keep the default selection, Uniform.

• In the Value field, type 0.
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• In the Reference Temperature field, type 100.

5. Click OK.
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Task 5: Define the resultant force measure.

2. Click Measures from the Run group. The
Measures dialog box appears.
3. Click New. The Measure Definition dialog box
appears.
4. Complete the Measure Definition dialog box as
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shown. After selecting Surfaces in the Spatial
Evaluation section, click Select Reference
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and select Surf:F8(REVOLVE_1):STAMP in the
model.
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5. Click OK to return to the Measures dialog box.
6. Click Close.
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Task 6: Define and run a static analysis.
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dialog box appears.

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4. Type Welded_Joint in the Name field. Keep all other default settings.
5. Click OK.
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6. Select the Analysis just defined, Welded_Joint, and click Start Run .
7. Click Yes to run interactive diagnostics.
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8. Click Display Study Status to monitor the progress of the analysis.

9. Inspect the information displayed in the Run Status dialog box. Identify the maximum
displacement magnitude. Also, in the summary file, identify the resultant measure defined,
Reaction_Y.
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Task 7: Create the result window and inspect results.
1. Click Results > Define Result Window. The

Result Window Definition dialog box appears.
2. Complete the dialog box as shown to display
the fringe plot for the maximum displacement
magnitude.
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4. Review the plot. Examine the deformation and
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notice that the plates are bonded throughout the
entire geometry.
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5. Click File > Exit Results.
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6. Click No when prompted to save the current results window.
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Task 8: Define the free interface connection.

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In the previous tasks you have assumed that the plates are fully bonded where they are
mated together. In reality, only the weld is holding the plates together. The stamp and the
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plate are allowed to separate since these are only connected at the weld.
In the next tasks, you break this bonded interface, re-mesh the model, and observe that
common nodes are no longer created where the faces are mated together. Also, you
inspect the new results when the parts are allowed to separate. All the other previously
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defined settings remain the same.

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2. Click Interface from the Connections group.

The Interface Definition dialog box appears.
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3. Complete the dialog box as shown. For the two

surface references, in any order, select the top
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surface of PLATE.PRT and the bottom surface

of STAMP.PRT.
4. Click OK.

Task 9: Re-mesh the model.

3. Click Create. The mesh is created as shown.
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4. Inspect the mesh and note that no common nodes are created where surfaces of the parts
involved are sharing a free interface connection. There are common nodes everywhere else.
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5. Click Close in all dialog boxes to return to the AutoGEM dialog box.
6. In the AutoGEM dialog box, click Close.
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7. Click No when prompted to save the mesh.
Task 10: Define and run a new static analysis.
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dialog box appears.
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4. Type Welded_Joint_Free in the Name field. Keep all other default settings.
5. Click OK.
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6. Select the Analysis just defined and click Start Run .

7. Click Yes to run interactive diagnostics.
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8. Click Display Study Status to monitor the progress of the analysis.

9. Inspect the information displayed in the Run Status dialog box. Identify the maximum
displacement magnitude. Also, in the summary file, identify the resultant measure defined,
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Reaction_Y.
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Task 11: Create the result window and inspect results.
1. Click Results > Define Result Window. The

Result Window Definition dialog box appears.
2. Select the Quantity tab. Complete the dialog
box as shown.
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3. Select the Display Options tab. Complete the following:
• Select Deformed.
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5. Review the plot. Examine the deformation and
notice that the plates are held together by the
weld.
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6. Click File > Exit Results.

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7. Click No when prompted to save the current results window.

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9. Click File > Manage Session > Erase Current.

10. Click OK in response to the Erase Confirm prompt.
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Exercise 2: Using Measures
Objectives
• Prepare a model for measures specification.
• Create resultant and moment measures.
• Create displacement measures.
• Create computed measures.
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• Create stress evaluation measures.
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Scenario
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In this exercise you examine some of the capabilities in Creo Simulate that allow user-defined
evaluations of stresses, deformations, or other quantities at certain locations in the model. These
may be quantities that are not maximum or minimum throughout the model, but only at specific
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locations.
In this exercise you examine a plastic clip subjected to a unit load. You are interested in finding
reaction forces at supports, as well as shear forces and moments along the length of the clip and
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stresses at critical areas in the model. In addition, you are interested in finding the spring force and
energy stored in the model when it is loaded. In order to accomplish this, you make use of the
Measure feature in Creo Simulate.
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3. In the model tree, expand Materials. Right-click THERMOPLAST_LIGHTGREY_RAL_7035

and select Edit Definition. The Material Definition dialog box appears.
4. Review the values for Young’s Modulus (E) and Poisson’s Ratio. Click Ok to close the
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Material Definition dialog box.

5. Review the unit surface load that has been defined in the model, causing the clip to bend.
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The constraints are defined to simulate that bolts are holding the clip. The bolts are not
actually defined in the model; rather, the constraints in the model simulate that the bolt
hole surfaces are not deforming.
Task 2: Prepare the model for measure specification by creating a volume region simulation fea-
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ture and a datum point.

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2. Select Extrude from the Volume Region

drop-down menu in the Regions group. The
Volume Region dashboard appears.
3. Select the Placement tab.
4. Click Define. The Sketch dialog box appears.
5. Select the surface shown in the model.
6. Click Sketch.

7. In the ribbon, select the Sketch tab.
8. Click Sketch View in the Setup group to

orient the sketch plane.
9. Click References in the Setup group. The

References dialog box appears.
10. On the model, select the references for the
sketch geometry as shown. Delete any unused
references that are listed.
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11. In the References dialog box, click Close.
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12. Select Corner Rectangle from the Rectangle
types drop-down menu in the Sketching group.
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13. Sketch a rectangle and dimension it as shown.
14. Click OK to complete the sketch and return to
the Volume Region dashboard.
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15. Select Through All from the depth drop-down menu.
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16. Click Apply-Save Changes .
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18. Click Point from the Datum group. The
Datum Point dialog box appears.
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The point you create in the model

does not have to be a hard point (a
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finite element node), but it must reside

on the geometry. You can also place
measures inside the geometry, but
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those must be created on references

such as edges of Volume Regions.
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20. Enable Plane Display .

21. In the Datum Point dialog box, click in the Offset
references field.
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22. Press CTRL and select the Front_XY datum

plane and the edge, as shown.
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23. In the Datum Point dialog box, in the Offset references section, type 0.0 for the Front offset
reference, and 1.50 for the edge offset reference.
24. Click OK.

Task 3: Create a resultant and moment measure.
These measures evaluate the reaction force at the constraints. Four measures are created
for each reaction direction.

2. Click Measures from the Run group. The Measures dialog box appears.
3. Click New. The Measure Definition dialog box appears.
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shown. In the Spatial Evaluation section, click
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Select Reference and select Constraint1 in
the model tree.
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5. Click OK. Do not close the Measures dialog box.
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6. Using the previous steps, create an X force

measure for each of the remaining three
constraints.
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7. Using the previous steps, create a Y and Z

direction force measure for all four constraints.
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Maintain the same naming convention. There

are a total of 12 measures. Do not close the
Measures dialog box.
You can make use of Copy in the
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Measure dialog box to create these

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measures.

8. In the Measures dialog box, click New. The
Measure Definition dialog box appears.
Evaluation section, click Select Reference
and select the surface generated by creating the
volume region, as shown in the model.
10. Click OK.
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11. Using the previous steps, create an X force measure at the same location. Do not close
the Measure dialog box.
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12. Define a resultant for measure at the 8 mm
offset from the supports. In the Measure dialog
box, click New.
Evaluation section, complete the following:
• Click Select Reference to select the
surface generated by creating the volume
region, as in the previous step.
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• In the Point section, click Select Reference
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to select the point, as shown in the figure.
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15. Using the previous steps, create another

moment measure at the same location, but using
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a different point for Spacial Evaluation as shown.

Do not close the Measures dialog box.
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Task 4: Create a displacement measure.

2. Complete the fields as shown. The point
selected is the datum point created in a previous
task.
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Task 5: Create a computed measure.

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Task 6: Create stress evaluation measures.

2. Complete the Measure Definition dialog box
as shown. After selecting Over Selected
Geometry in the Spatial Evaluation section,
click Select Reference and select the surface
generated by creating the volume region, as
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shown in the model.
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4. Using the previous steps, create another stress evaluation measure. Evaluate the Minimum
Principal Stress over the fillet opposite the one just selected.
5. In the Measures dialog box, click Close.
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Task 7: Investigate the measures as output from a static analysis.

dialog box appears.
3. Select the study that is already defined. Click Start Run .

4. Click Yes to run the interactive diagnostics.
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5. Click Display Study Status to monitor the run.
6. In the Run Status dialog box, identify the list of default measures reported by Creo Simulate
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(minimum or maximum quantities) and the list of your defined measures. Since the load
does not vary with time or frequency, only single values are reported for the measures you
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have created.
Measures can also be used as quantities on which the solution can converge. In
any Multi-Pass Adaptive Analyses dialog box, select the Measures radio button and
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select any default or user-defined measures.
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8. In the Diagnostics window, click Close.
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Module 9
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Meshing
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Exercise 1: Using AutoGEM Settings — Meshing a Part
Objectives
• Mesh a model using the AutoGEM tool.
• Create a volume region for mesh refinement.
• Create a surface region for mesh refinement.
• Create curves and points for mesh refinement.
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• Create AutoGEM controls driven by model curvature.
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Scenario
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In this exercise, you explore additional meshing capabilities in Creo Simulate. You make use of
an imported data file, a STEP file.
You adjust some AutoGEM settings and controls. Other options are used and explained throughout
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and all can be applied to any type of geometry (imported or created in Creo Parametric). Also, you
create additional geometry simulation features (such as curves and points) and make use of these
when creating elements using the AutoGEM tool.
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Simulate_Modeling\Meshing
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Task 1: Open and investigate the geometry model.
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1. Click File > Open. The File Open dialog box appears.
2. Select STEP (.stp, .step) from the Type drop-down list.
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3. Select meshing.stp and click Open. The Import New Model dialog box appears.
4. Keep all the default settings and click OK. The geometry is displayed in the window.
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5. In the ribbon, select the Inspect tab.

6. Select Volume from the Measure Type’s
drop-down menu in the Measure group. The
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Measure:Volume dialog box appears.

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7. In the Measure:Volume dialog box, click

the drop-down arrow to expand the Results
Layout. The model volume is reported in the
Measure:Volume dialog box as shown.
If Solid Geometry is selected and only
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surfaces are available in the model, no

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volume is reported.
8. Close the Measure:Volume dialog box.

Task 2: Assign material properties to the model.

2. Click Materials from the Materials group. The Materials dialog box appears.
3. Select brass.mtl from the materials list and click Add Material .
4. Click OK.
5. Click Material Assignment from the Materials group. The Material Assignment dialog
box appears.
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6. Verify that Part:MESHING is listed in the References section, and BRASS is listed as the
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material in the Properties section.
7. Click OK.
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Task 3: Add a mesh to the model.
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3. Keep all the default settings and click Create.
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The model is meshed as shown.
4. In the AutoGEM Summary dialog box, click
Close.
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5. In the Diagnostics:AutoGEM Mesh dialog box,
click Close.
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6. In the AutoGEM dialog box, click Close. Click
No when prompted to save the mesh.
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Task 4: Create a volume region for mesh refinement.

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2. Click Extrude from the Volume Region

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6. Click Sketch.
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8. Click Sketch View from the Setup group to

9. Click References from the Setup group.

The References dialog box appears.
10. Select the edge of the hole as a reference for
the geometry that will be sketched.
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11. Click Close.
12. Sketch a circle with a 5.0 mm diameter centered
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on the hole as shown.
13. Click OK to return to the Volume Region
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dashboard.
14. Click Through All .
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The model is meshed as shown. Note the
distribution of the elements around the hole.
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The virtual boundary of the volume region is now part of the model and therefore nodes
are forced to be created using this boundary. Also, notice that the back of the model
(where the other boundary of the volume region is) is meshed, too.
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19. In the AutoGEM Summary dialog box, click Close.

20. In the Diagnostics:AutoGEM Mesh dialog box, click Close.
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21. In the AutoGEM dialog box, click Close. Click No when prompted to save the mesh.
Task 5: Create a surface region for mesh refinement.

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2. Click Surface Region from the Regions

group. The Surface Region dashboard appears.
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3. Select the References tab.

4. In the Sketch section, click Define. The Sketch
dialog box appears.
6. Click Sketch.


9. Click References from the Setup group.

The References dialog box appears.
10. Select the edge of the hole as a reference for
the geometry that will be sketched.
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11. Click Close.
12. Sketch a circle with a 7.5 mm diameter centered
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on the hole as shown.
13. Click OK to return to the Surface Region
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dashboard.
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distribution of the elements around the hole.
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The virtual boundary of the surface region is now part of the model and therefore nodes
are forced to be created using this boundary. Now, the back of the model is not meshed.
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Task 6: Create curves and points for mesh refinement.

2. Click Sketch from the Datum group. The
Sketch dialog box appears.

4. Using the default orientation, in the Sketch dialog box, click Sketch.
5. Click Sketch View from the Setup group to orient the sketch plane.
6. Click References from the Setup group. The References dialog box appears.
7. Select the edges shown as a reference for the
geometry that will be sketched.
8. Click Close.
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9. Click Line Chain from the Sketching group.
10. Sketch a line and dimension it with respect to
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the CSYS reference as shown.
11. Click OK to complete the sketch.
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Note that the curve does not participate in the mesh. There are no nodes to and from
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the curve.
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18. Click Maximum Element Size and select Hard Curve .

19. The Hard Curve Control dialog box appears. On the model, select the curve just created.
20. Click OK.

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Note that the curve does participate in the mesh. Nodes are generated and reside on the
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curve. Also notice the change in the finite element count.
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27. Click Point from the Datum group. The
Datum Point dialog box appears.
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28. Place three points along the edge as shown.
Dimension these points at 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75
based on default length ratio dimensioning.
29. Click OK.
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30. Click Maximum Element Size and select Hard Point

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31. The Hard Point Control dialog box appears. In the References section, select Feature.
32. Select any one of the three datum points just created. All three will be selected since they are
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part of the same feature. One datum point feature appears in the selection section.
33. Click OK.
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Note the distribution of the elements that are using the datum points created as a node.
Also notice the change in the finite element count.

Task 7: Create AutoGEM controls driven by model curvature.
1. Click Maximum Element Size and select Edge Length by Curvature .

2. The Edge Length by Curvature Control dialog box appears. In the Edge Length/Radius
of Curvature ratio field, type 0.7.
3. Click OK.
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Note the change in the finite element count.
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10. In the model tree, expand AutoGEM Controls.
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11. Right-click AutoGEMControl3 and select Edit Definition.
12. The Edge Length by Curvature dialog box appears. Select the Ignore Radius of Curvature
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below check box, and type 0.51 in the field. Select mm from the Units drop-down list.
13. Click OK.
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Note the change in the finite element count and distribution.

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Exercise 2: Using AutoGEM Settings — Mixed Meshes
Objectives
• Create a mixed mesh using solid and shell elements.
Scenario
In this exercise, you explore some of the meshing capabilities using Creo Simulate.
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Creo Parametric users open MESHING.PRT
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Task 1: Create a volume region.
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2. Click Extrude from the Volume Region
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6. Click Sketch.
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9. Sketch a circle with a 25.0 mm diameter
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centered on the hole as shown.

10. Click OK to return to the Volume Region
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dashboard.
11. Click Specified Depth and type 65.0 in the
field.
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Task 2: Create the shell pair.

2. Click Shell Pair > Detect Shell Pairs from the Shell Pair drop-down menu in the Idealizations
group. The Auto Detect Shell Pairs dialog box appears.
3. Verify Use Geometry Analysis is selected.
4. Type 1.0 in the Characteristic Thickness field.
5. Click Start. The Auto Detect Shell Pairs dialog box closes.
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6. In the model tree, expand Idealizations and Shell Pairs. Note that there are three shell pairs
listed. Select each shell pair to highlight it in the model.
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7. Right-click ShellPair1 and select Delete. Click Yes in the Confirmation dialog box.
This shell pair needs to be deleted because we want to account for uniform thickness
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in the stress evaluation.
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8. Click Review Geometry from the AutoGEM
group. The Simulation Geometry dialog box
appears.
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9. Review that the shell surfaces were paired
successfully. Note the color green is assigned
by default in Creo Simulate for all the Shell
Surfaces found in the model. Light gray color
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has been allocated to the Solid Surfaces. You
can change the color by clicking Change Color
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.
10. Click Apply. Note the mid-plane compression in
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the model, as shown.

11. Click Close.
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Task 3: Apply a mesh to the model.

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magenta lines connecting the Shells to the
Solids. These are links automatically created
by default in Creo Simulate when Solid and
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Shell elements are connected. They account

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for rotational coupling between these types of

elements.
Since the Solid elements do not have
degrees of freedom enabling them
to rotate, and since Shells have all
available translation and rotation
degrees of freedom, the software uses
these links to properly transfer the
deformations from Shells to Solids.

Task 4: Apply a new mesh using new AutoGEM settings.
1. Select Settings from the AutoGEM drop-down

menu in the AutoGEM group. The AutoGEM
Settings dialog box appears. On the Settings
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tab, select Create Links Where Needed.
2. Select the Limits tab. Complete the fields as
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shown.
3. Click OK.
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magenta lines connecting the Shells to the

Solids. These are links automatically created
by default in Creo Simulate when Solid and
Shell elements are connected. They account
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for rotational coupling between these types of

elements.
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Since the Solid elements do not have

degrees of freedom enabling them
to rotate, and since Shells have all
available translation and rotation
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degrees of freedom, the software uses

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these links to properly transfer the

deformations from Shells to Solids.


Task 5: Adjust the AutoGEM settings to eliminate the solid shell links.
1. Select Settings from the AutoGEM drop-down menu in the AutoGEM group. The AutoGEM
Settings dialog box appears.
2. Select the Settings tab. Uncheck Create Links Where Needed.
3. Click OK.
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There are no more magenta links
between the elements. You have
induced hinges between the elements.
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If a load is acting on this component,
it may cause the regions modeled
using Shells elements to pivot where
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connected to the Solid elements.
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Module 10
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More Analysis Types
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Exercise 1: Using Modal Analysis
Objectives
• Define and run a modal analysis.
Scenario
In this exercise, you set up a simulation model for a folding tray table. The goal is to identify the
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mode shapes and frequency values as output from a modal analysis. The model is made of steel
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and PVC and is analyzed in its functional position.
In this exercise, the folding tray is constrained to a fixed reference, a wall, at the bracket
locations. The clamping yoke is allowed to rotate at the supports to accommodate folding. None
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of the components of this folding tray idealization are actually bonded; they are allowed to
rotate independently. Therefore, a Free instead of the default Bonded interface is defined. The
components are connected at their direct contact (for example, between the clamping yoke and the
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brackets or between the yoke and the table). Therefore, a combination of the Spring and Weighted
Link idealizations is used to simulate this type of interaction.
Only some of the simulation features are defined, some of the Spring and Weighted Link
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idealizations. There are no loads in a Modal Analysis. You define some of the remaining Spring
idealization properties, and the connections between these Spring idealizations and the surfaces of
the brackets. Also, you define the constraints and assign material properties.
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3. In the model tree, expand Loads/Constraints and Constraint Set ConstraintSet1.

Right-click Constraint1 and select Edit Definition. The Constraint dialog box appears.
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4. Review the constraints defined and notice that the constraint is defined to the surfaces of
the brackets that are bolted to the fixed reference. Click Cancel to close the Constraint
dialog box.
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5. In the model tree, expand Idealizations and Springs. Right-click Spring1 and select Edit
Definition. The Spring Definition dialog box appears.
6. Review the spring defined and notice that the spring is defined between two collinear points
in the same part. Defining the Spring in the same part instead of connecting it to other
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parts is a valid solution. We are going to use this simulation because we want the Spring to
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actually impose the rotation we are looking for between the YOKE.PRT and BRACKET.PRT.
In the Properties section, click More.
7. The Spring Properties dialog box appears. Select all_trans_fixed and click Edit.
8. The Spring Property Definition dialog box appears. Note there is a high translational stiffness
set; therefore, the spring is not allowed to translate. There is no torsional stiffness set;
therefore, the spring is allowed to rotate. Click OK to close all dialog boxes.
9. In the model tree, expand Connections and Weighted Links. Right-click WeightedLink5
and select Edit Definition. The Weighted Link Definition dialog box appears.
10. Note the references used to define this weighted link. Two surfaces from JOINT_AXIS.PRT
pin component and the end point on BRACKET.PRT are used as references. The point on
the bracket is the same on that the spring idealization reviewed is connected. Also note that
all the translation degrees of freedom are enabled. Click OK to close the dialog box.

Task 2: Define a free interface between all components in the assembly.
2. Click Model Setup from the Set Up group. The Model Setup dialog box appears.
3. Select Free from the Default Interface drop-down list.
4. Click OK.
Task 3: Define the materials for the components in the assembly.
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3. Select ss.mtl from the Materials list and click Add Material .
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4. Select pvc.mtl from the Materials list and click Add Material .
5. Click OK.
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It is always a good practice to know the properties of the materials you are using
independent of their source (default or customized library). You can do this by
right-clicking in a material in the Materials list and selecting Properties.
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box appears.
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7. Press CTRL and from the model tree select JOINT_AXIS.PRT and CLAMPING_YOKE.PRT.
8. In the Properties section, select SS from the Material drop-down list, and verify that (None)
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is selected in the Material Orientation field.
9. Click OK.
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box appears.
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11. Press CTRL and from the model tree select DESK_PLATE.PRT and both BRACKET.PRT
components.
12. In the Properties section, select PVC from the Material drop-down list, and verify that (None)
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is selected in the Material Orientation field.

13. Click OK.
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Task 4: Define and run the modal analysis.

dialog box appears.
3. Click File > New Modal. The Modal Analysis Definition dialog box appears.
4. Complete the dialog box as follows:
• In the Name field, type desk_modal.
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• Verify that With rigid mode search is not selected.
• Select the Modes tab. Type 6 in the Number of Modes field.
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• Select the Output tab. Deselect all boxes in the Calculate section.
• Type 2 in the Plotting Grid field.
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If you have an interest just in the mode shapes and their frequencies, you can
turn off any extra computations and lower the default setting for the Plotting Grid.
This eliminates the use of extra disk space or RAM resources, and the simulation
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run is faster.
• Select the Convergence tab. Select Single-Pass Adaptive in the Method field.
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5. Click OK.
6. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, select desk_modal and click Start Run
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. Click Yes to run interactive diagnostics.
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Note that the Modal Analysis has failed. In the summary report, Creo Simulate
specifies the reason for the failure. The reason is that the folding tray has a rigid
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body mode. In other words, it can freely move without deformations. That is true
considering the connections defined between the components.
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8. Close all dialog boxes and return to the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box.
9. Right-click desk_modal and select Edit. The Modal Analysis Definition dialog box appears.
10. Complete the dialog box as follows:
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• Select With rigid mode search.

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• Keep all other settings the same.

11. Click OK.
12. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, select desk_modal and click Start Run .
Click Yes to run interactive diagnostics and to remove existing files, if required.
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Notice in the summary report the frequency values for each of the modes. Notice
the frequency of the rigid mode (Mode 1). This is reported since you have turned on
the option to search for the rigid mode.

Task 5: Create result window and investigate results.
1. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, select desk_modal.
2. Click Review Results . The Result Window Definition dialog box appears.
• Type Mode_2 in the Name field.
• Type Deformed Shape at Mode 2 in the Title field.
• Select Mode2 from the list of modes. Deselect any other mode.
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• Select the Quantity tab. Verify that Displacement and Magnitude are selected.
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• Select the Display Options tab.
• Select Deformed and Overlay Undeformed.
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• Type 25 in the Scaling field.
5. Repeat this operation for other modes and
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inspect the results.
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6. When complete, click File > Exit Results to return to the Creo Simulate window. Click No
to the prompt to save the results window.
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8. Click File > Manage Session > Erase Current.
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Module 11
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Singularities
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Exercise 1: Treating Singularities
Objectives
• Define Isolate for Exclusion AutoGEM controls (IEAC).
Scenario
In the first study, you define Isolate for Exclusion AutoGEM Controls (IEAC) feature of the AutoGEM
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tools. This enables you to control the quality of the solution using singular location isolations. In the
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second study, you use an improved simulation model both from loads as well as geometry. In this
case, you identify the new loading and constraint conditions by comparing it to the original model.
This new approach is used to showcase that simply having access to the IEAC tools does not
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automatically fix the solution: the Creo Simulate solution.
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Sim-Modeling\IEAC FRICTION_GEAR_SHAFT_S1_SIMULATE.PRT
Creo Parametric users open FRICTION_GEAR_SHAFT_S1.PRT.
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Task 1: Define IEAC.
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2. Select Isolate for Exclusion from the Controls drop-down menu in the AutoGEM group.
The Isolate for Exclusion Control dialog box appears.
3. In the model tree, expand Simulation Features and select PNT0. Complete the following
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fields:
• Select Maximum Element Size from the Isolation for Solids drop-down menu.
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• Type 30 in the Maximum Element Size field.

• Select Exclude.
4. In the Isolate for Exclusion Control dialog box, click OK.
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6. Select Isolate for Exclusion from the

Controls drop-down menu in the AutoGEM
group. The Isolate for Exclusion Control dialog
box appears.
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7. Press CTRL and select both curves used as

reference for the load application as shown.
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8. Select Maximum Element Size from the Isolation for Solids drop-down menu.
9. Type 30 in the Maximum Element Size field.
10. Select Exclude.

13. Select Isolate for Exclusion from the

Controls drop-down menu in the AutoGEM
group. The Isolate for Exclusion Control dialog
box appears.
14. Press CTRL and select the edges in the model
at changes in the profile as shown.
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15. Select Maximum Element Size from the Isolation for Solids drop-down menu.
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16. Type 20 in the Maximum Element Size field.
17. Select Exclude.
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Task 2: Define and run the static analysis for the model.
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dialog box appears.
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• In the Name field, type friction_gear_MPA_excl.
• Select the constraint and load set displayed in the Constraint Set/Component and Load
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• Click the Convergence tab and select Multi-Pass Adaptive from the Method drop-down
menu.
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• In the Percent Convergence field, type 8.

• In the Polynomial Order section, type 1 in the Minimum field, and type 9 in the Maximum
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field.
• Verify that Local Displacement, Local Strain Energy and Global RMS Stress is selected.
Click the Excluded Elements tab and select Exclude Elements.
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• In the Ignore section, select Stresses and Displacements.

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• In the Limit section, select Polynomial Order and type 2 in the associated field.
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8. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, select friction_gear_MPA_excl and click
In the summary report, notice that the convergence is satisfied. This is possible
because of the IEAC controls added to the model.

Task 3: Open and use an improved simulation model to eliminate the stress singularities in
the static analysis.
1. Open the Creo Simulate part file FRICTION_GEAR_SHAFT_S2_SIMULATE.PRT.

Note that the load’s references have been changed and are defined to surfaces
instead of curves. The constraints are defined using Spring and Weighted Link
elements. Both new approaches eliminate the stress singularities. Therefore, IEAC
controls are no longer needed. The quality of the results improves as well. Also,
fillets are added in the model to alleviate the high stresses in the locations found to
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be problematic earlier.
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dialog box appears.
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• In the Name field, type friction_gear_MPA_IMP.
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• Click the Convergence tab and select Multi-Pass Adaptive from the Method drop-down
menu.
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field.
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• Verify that Local Displacement, Local Strain Energy and Global RMS Stress is selected.
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9. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, select friction_gear_MPA_IMP and click
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In the summary report, notice that now the solution is fully converged without having
to exclude any elements. Also notice that the values for most of the output are
different.
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11. Close all dialog boxes and return to the Creo Simulate window.
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Module 13
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Project
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Exercise 1: The Journeyman’s Piece (CHALLENGE)
Objectives
• Optimize the shape of a lever to minimize its mass while still ensuring its strength.
Scenario
It is your task to optimize the shape of a lever to minimize its mass while still ensuring its strength.
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• You have two alternative material options, Aluminum or Steel.
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• The maximum envelope and the loading conditions are shown in the figure below.
• At the hole location, a very stiff bolt is mounted to transfer the force.
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• You are free to design the part within this given envelope. Just the surface/location where you
have to constrain the part and where the force is applied is not to be modified.
• The overall dimensions of the surface to be constrained may be minimized within the given
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envelope. The same is the requirement for the axis hole.
In this example, the loads and constraints are already defined in the model. Your investigation
should be around adjusting the mesh, assigning the materials in the model, and examining the
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results when small deformation versus large deformation theory is used.
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Envelope Dimensions of the Installation Space For the Lever

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Simulate_Analysis\Journeyman JOURNEYMAN.PRT
Task 1: Constrain the part and apply the load.

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1. Open the part model and examine the current

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dimensions.
2. Constrain the model and apply a bearing load of
15 kN at an angle of 13° as shown.

Task 2: Define a material for the model.
1. Assign either steel or aluminum to the model.

• Steel Properties:
– Modulus of Elasticity: 200000 MPa
– Poisson’s Ratio: 0.3
– Density: 7.8 g/cm3
– Yield Strength: 400 N/mm2
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• Aluminum Properties:
– Modulus of Elasticity: 70000 MPa
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– Poisson’s Ratio: 0.3
– Density: 2.8 g/cm3
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– Yield Strength: 130 N/mm2
The failure criterion for both materials is Distortion Energy (von Mises stress). No
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safety factor is required in this exercise.
Task 3: Define and run a static analysis and investigate the results.
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1. Define a static analysis. Use the Single-Pass Adaptive (SPA) convergence algorithm.
2. Investigate the results and look for critical areas. If necessary, modify the model in Creo
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Parametric and re-run the model iteratively. A solution is achieved when the failure index is
less than or equal to 1 and you are satisfied with the design dimensions.
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There is a maximum von Mises stress of nearly 70 MPa if you run the envelope part
geometry made of Steel using the SPA algorithm. Note this is a singular stress
near the constraint. The mass is close to 20.7 kg. The best solutions found should
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reach a mass lower than 0.5 kg.
Task 4: Suggested best practices.

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1. Solve the task by designing the part in such a way that you are designing for a failure index
of 1. Think about what type of loading (tension, compression, bending, torsion, and so
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forth) may lead to reaching this optimum.

2. Avoid thinking how a real-life lever usually looks like in order to have a good conceptual
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design start of your model. Keep in mind that an incorrect initial design may limit the success
of any subsequent mass reduction.
3. Add material where stresses are high, and reduce material where no stress loading is evident.
4. There is no requirement for lever stiffness.
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Task 5: Example solutions.
1. A real-life approach to the Journeyman’s piece

may typically look like the part shown. It’s an
ordinary Aluminum milling design commonly
designed in the aerospace industry.
The cross-sections used are a T and a double
T profiles. The design is in bending and heavily
loaded near the constraint. There is a top and
a bottom belt with a massive wall of increasing
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thickness in between to transfer the shear load.
Note that the T-section is not exactly in line with
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the direction of the applied load, which leads to
an unequal loading of the material.
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2. An unusual solution is shown in the von Mises
fringe plot shown in the figure. Since pure
tension is ideal to fully utilize the material’s
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strength, the lever is subdivided into two different
areas – one looking like a sling to have ideal
tension, the other like a classical straight, but
very short bending loaded lever. Note that ideal
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tension is the optimum stress state to reach
a high material utilization. This results in a
significant decrease of mass.
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3. The figure shown brings this idea to an extreme:
even though steel is used and not Aluminum
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which is regarded as a typical lightweight design
material. The part’s mass could be further
decreased. One trick used is that the designed
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sling now does not look like a typical sling of a

rope, but has two thin parallel belts exactly in line
with the applied load which further decreases
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the loading forces.

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Module 14
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Model Types
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Exercise 1: Understanding 2-D Plane Strain
Objectives
• Set up a 2-D plane strain model type.
Scenario
In this example, you go through the necessary steps to set up a Creo Simulate 2-D Plane Strain
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model type. You evaluate maximum stresses and deformations and compare these results against
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the 3-D model type output.
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Simulate_Modeling\Strain PLATE_2DPLANE_STRAIN_SIMULATE.PRT
Creo Parametric users open PLATE_2DPLANE_STRAIN.PRT.
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Task 1: Define the 2D plane stress model type.
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3. Click Advanced.
4. In the Type section, select 2D Plane Strain (Infinitely Thick).
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The model you see in the Creo Simulate screen is not actually thick. It can be of
any thickness. You are actually assuming that the model is thick when using the
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2D Plane Strain model type. You have to model the thick geometry in the following
tasks using a 3D model type.
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5. Click in the Coordinate System field and select PRT_CSYS_DEF from the model tree.
6. Click in the Surfaces field. On the model, select
the surfaces shown. There are three surfaces
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listed in the dialog box.

7. Click OK.
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8. Click Confirm when prompted.

There is a visual display when you
change from the default 3D to any
2D model types. This is the magenta
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colored contour of the surface selected.

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Task 2: Define the materials for the 2D plane strain model.

3. Select nylon.mtl from the materials list and click Add Material .
4. Click OK.

box appears.
7. Click in the Surfaces field. On the model, select the surfaces previously selected. There
are three surfaces listed in the dialog box.
8. Verify that NYLON is selected in the Material field.
9. Verify that (None) is selected in the Material Orientation field.
10. Click OK.
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Task 3: Define the loads for the model.
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appears.
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3. On the model, select the edge as shown.
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4. In the Force section, type –5 in the Y field. Select N from the drop-down list.
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The option to define the Load is limited to forces only, no moments. That is because
Creo Simulate identified the fact that you’re working in a 2D Plane Stress model type.
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5. Click OK.
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Task 4: Define the constraints for the model.

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3. On the model, select the edge as shown.

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4. Click Fixed for the X and Y translation.

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5. Click OK.
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Task 5: Define AutoGEM controls.
2. Click Edge Distribution from the AutoGEM

Control drop-down menu in the AutoGEM
group. The Edge Distribution Control dialog box
appears.
3. Press CTRL and select the boundaries of the
volume region in the model as shown.

4. In the Number of Nodes field, type 5.
5. Click OK.

appears.
8. Press CTRL and select the edges of the hole
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in the model as shown.
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10. Click OK.
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appears.
13. Press CTRL and select the edges in the model
as shown.
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15. Click OK.
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18. Click Create. Note the distribution of the

elements.
19. Close all dialog boxes to return to the AutoGEM
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dialog box.
20. Click Close.
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21. Click No in the prompt to save the mesh.
Task 6: Define and run a static analysis for the model.

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dialog box appears.

• In the Name field, type plate_2Dplane_strain.
• Click the Convergence tab, and click Multi-Pass Adaptive from the Method drop-down
menu.
field.
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• In the Converge on section, select Measures.
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• Select List Measures . The Measures dialog box appears.
• Press CTRL and select the following measures:
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– max_disp_mag
– max_disp_x
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– max_disp_y
– max_disp_z
– max_prin_mag
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– max_stress_prin
– max_stress_vm
– max_stress_xx
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– max_stress_xy
– max_stress_xz
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– max_stress_yy
– max_stress_yz
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– max_stress_zz
– min_stress_prin
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– strain_energy
• In the Measures dialog box, click OK to return to the Static Analysis Definition dialog box.
• Click the Output tab.
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• In the Plot section, type 6 in the Plotting Grid field.

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8. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, select plate_2Dplane_strain. and click Start
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Run . Click Yes to run interactive diagnostics.

1. In the Analyses and Design Studies window, select plate_2Dplane_strain.

• Verify Fringe is selected as the Display type.
• Click the Quantity tab.
• Verify Stress is selected.
• Select MPa from the drop-down menu.
• Select von Mises from the Component
drop-down menu.
• Click the Display Options tab. Complete the
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fields as shown.
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5. Examine the von Mises stress fringe plot.
Record the value of the maximum von Mises
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stress.
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6. Create another result window for the maximum
displacement, and investigate the results
shown. Notice that the plate is stiffer, less
Y-displacement, since the plane strain condition
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prevents lateral strains.
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Task 8: Open and investigate the 3D model type and simulation features.
1. Creo Simulate users open PLATE_FULL3DPLANE_STRAIN_SIMULATE.PRT.

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2. Review the model. The model is already set up with loads, constraints, and material
properties. Since this is a 3D model type, the same loads and constraints you just defined
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to edges are now defined to surfaces. The model also has AutoGEM controls for a better
mesh quality.
The geometry is now simulated in 3D using a half symmetry model. Arbitrary, an infinite
length of 250 mm was chosen. The model is suitable to show that just at the free ends of the
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infinitely long plate there is no real strain.

3. Creo Parametric users open PLATE_FULL3DPLANE_STRAIN.PRT.
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Task 9: Run a static analysis for the 3D model.

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dialog box appears.

3. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, select Plate_Full3D_plane_strain and click
1. In the Analyses and Design Studies window, select Plate_Full3D_plane_strain.

drop-down menu.
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fields as shown.
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Compare it to the one from the 2D Plane Strain
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model type. Notice the similarities in stress
distribution and also the maximum reported
values.
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displacement, and investigate the results shown.
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9. Click File > Manage Session > Erase Current to close the displayed window and erase the
model from memory. Click Yes when prompted to confirm.
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Exercise 2: Understanding 2-D Axial Symmetry
Objectives
• Set up a simulation using a 2-D Axial Symmetric model type.
Scenario
The model is a flywheel, and the loads, constraints, and material properties are known. All these
simulation features, including the geometry, are placed symmetrically around the main axis of the
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model. The capability of being able to use Creo Simulate’s 2-D Axial Symmetric model type comes
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from the fact that any section cut from the model behaves identically to any other section surfaces
cut the same way. The section surface needs to be in the positive XY plane through the Y-axis, the
rotation axis. The coordinates system and cut feature made in the model were previously created,
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but keep these requirements in mind when you simulate your own model.
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Simulate_Modeling\Flywheel FLYWHEEL_2DAXI_SIMULATE.PRT
Creo Parametric users open FLYWHEEL_2DAXI.PRT.
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Task 1: Define the 2-D axisymmetric model type.
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3. Click Advanced.
4. In the Type section, select 2D Axisymmetric.
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5. Click in the Coordinate System field and select PRT_CSYS_DEF from the model tree.
6. Click in the Surfaces field. In the model, select
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the surface shown.

7. Click OK.
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8. Click Confirm when prompted.

There is a visual display when you
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change from the default 3-D to

any 2-D model types. This is the
magenta-colored contour of the surface
selected.
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Task 2: Define the materials for the model.

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3. Select steel.mtl from the materials list and click Add Material .
4. Click OK.
box appears.
6. Click in the Surfaces field. In the model, select the surface selected in the previous task.
7. Verify that STEEL is listed as the material in the Properties section.
8. Click OK.

Task 3: Define the loads in the model.
2. Click Centrifugal from the Loads group. The Centrifugal Load dialog box appears.
This is a body load and, therefore, no geometrical references are required. A
magnitude and a direction are required.
The option to change the Direction is grayed out and not available. Creo Simulate
identifies the fact that you are working in a 2-D Axisymmetric model type.
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3. In the Angular Velocity section, type 20000 in the Mag field.
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4. Select RPM from the Angular Velocity Section drop-down menu.
5. Click OK.
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Task 4: Define the constraints in the model.
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3. In the model, select the edge shown.
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4. In the Coordinate System section, verify that the coordinate system selected is
PRT_CSYS_DEF.
5. In the X Translation field, click Free Translation .
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6. In the Y Translation field, click Fixed .

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7. Click OK.

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2. Click Maximum Element Size from the AutoGEM Control drop-down menu in the
AutoGEM group. The maximum Element Size Control dialog box appears.
3. In the model, select the same surface used to define the 2-D axisymmetric model.
4. In the Element Size field, type 20.
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5. Click OK.
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6. Click Maximum Element Size from the AutoGEM Control drop-down menu in the
AutoGEM group. The maximum Element Size Control dialog box appears.
7. Select Edges/Curves from the References drop-down menu.

8. Press CTRL and select the four edges as shown
in the model.
9. In the Element Size field, type 3.
10. Click OK.
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dialog box appears.
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• In the Name field, type flywheel_2Daxi.
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menu.
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field.
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• Select the following measures:
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– max_disp_mag
– max_disp_x
– max_disp_y
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– max_disp_z
– max_prin_mag
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– max_stress_prin
– max_stress_vm
– max_stress_xx
– max_stress_xy
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– max_stress_xz
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– max_stress_yy
– max_stress_yz
– max_stress_zz
– min_stress_prin
– strain_energy

7. The results and the temporary output directories are set by default in the working directory.
Both analyses are stored in this location. Click OK.
8. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, select flywheel_2Daxi and click Start Run
10. Close all dialog boxes and return to the Analyses and Design Studies window.
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1. In the Analyses and Design Studies window, select flywheel_2Daxi.
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• Verify that Fringe is selected as the Display
type.
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• Verify that Stress is selected.
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drop-down menu.
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fields as shown.
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5. Examine the von Mises stress fringe plot. Notice

that the representation is in one single plane and
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not in a 3-D model. The stresses in this section

surface are identical in any other section 360
degrees around the Y-axis.
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Module 15
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Shells
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Exercise 1: Using Shell Pairs for Midsurface Models –
Shell Idealizations
Objectives
• Define a shell pair idealization.
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Scenario
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In this exercise you define and use shell idealizations. The purpose is to examine the influence of
neglecting normal stresses in the Shell theory by comparing thick-walled and thin-walled structures.
You also examine the proper procedure for defining the constraints in models that you approach
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using shell idealizations versus solid models.
The model used as an example in this exercise shows two different idealized cases. The results are
interpreted by comparison.
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• Case A: Thick-walled
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– The geometry shown at location A1 is simulated using out-of-the-box solid elements.

– Location A2 is modeled using shell idealizations using mid-plane compression from 3-D solid
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geometry.
– The pressure load is applied to surfaces and is already defined as 200 MPa.
• Case B: Thin-walled
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– The goemetry at location B1 is a thin plate, simulated using solid elements.

– Location B2 is a Creo Parametric solid thin plate. It is analyzed using shell idealizations.
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– The pressure load is applied to surfaces and is already defined as 10 MPa.

Constraints and shell pair idealizations must be defined in the model. The material has already
been defined as SS, stainless steel.
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There are several Spherical coordinate systems defined in the model. These help you interpret
some of the results in the exercise.
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Simulate_Modeling\ShellPairsA THICK_THIN_SHELLSB_SIMULATE.PRT

3. In the model tree, expand Materials. Right-click SS and select Edit Definition. The Material
4. Review the values for Young’s Modulus, Poisson’s Ratio, and the units used. Click Ok to
close the Material Definition dialog box.
5. In the model tree, expand Loads/Constraints and Load Set LoadSet1. Right-click Load2
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and select Edit Definition. The Pressure Load dialog box appears.
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6. Review the selected surfaces for references to define the load. Each of the surfaces carries a
pressure load of 200 MPa.
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You can used mathematical operators, +, –, /, and *, when specifying the load
magnitude.
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Click OK to close the Pressure Load dialog box.
7. Using the procedure described above, review Load1.
Task 2: Define the shell pair idealization.
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2. Click Shell Pair from the Idealizations group. The Shell Pair Definition dialog box
appears.
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3. In the model, select the surface shown.
4. Click Accept Changes .
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5. In the model tree, expand Idealizations and Shell Pairs. Note that there are two shell
pairs created.
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7. Click Review Geometry from the AutoGEM group. The Simulation Geometry dialog box
appears.
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8. Click Apply. Note the display of the shell

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idealized plates as shown.

9. In the Simulation Geometry dialog box, click
Close.

2. Click the Constraints Group drop-down menu and select Symmetry . The Symmetry
3. In the model, select the edge as shown.
4. Click OK.
Two additional symmetry constraints
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have been defined on the other two
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edges of the shell pair idealization.
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2. Right-click AutoGEMControl3 and select Edit
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Definition. The Maximum Element Size Control
dialog box appears.
3. Press CTRL and select the surfaces shown on
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the model.
This AutoGEM control specifies a
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maximum element size of 500 mm for
the selected surfaces.
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4. In the Maximum Element Size Control dialog

box, click OK.
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6. Click the Control drop-down menu from the AutoGEM group and select Thin Solid > Thin
Solid. The Thin Solid Control dialog box appears.
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7. Verify that Auto Select Opposing Surfaces is selected.

8. Select the curved surface in the model as shown.
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9. Click OK.
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12. Click Create. Solids and Shell elements are created. Notice the improvement in the mesh
quality due to the mesh controls.
13. Click Close in all dialog boxes and No when prompted to save the mesh.


dialog box appears.
• In the Name field, type shell_theory_demo.
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• Select the Convergence tab and click Single-Pass Adaptive from the Method drop-down
menu.
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• Click Advanced Control. The Advanced SPA Convergence Control dialog box appears.
Complete the following:
– Select Use Advanced Controls.
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– In the Maximum Stress Error Target field, type 1.
– In the Local Stress Error Target field, type 10.
– Do not select any references for the Local Stress Error field.
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• In the Advanced SPA Convergence Control dialog box, click OK to return to the Static
Analysis Definition dialog box.
• Select the Output tab.
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• In the Plotting Grid field, type 6.
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8. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, select shell_theory_demo and click Start
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Task 6: Create the result window and inspect the results.
1. In the Analyses and Design Studies window, select shell_theory_demo.

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• Select the Quantity tab.
• Select von Mises from the Component drop-down menu.

that the stress difference is small for thin-walled
geometry, but relatively large for thick-walled
geometry.
6. In the thick-walled structures, the stresses
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normal to the shell surface are not neglected.
In order to prove this point, plot a graph for the
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radial stress using the already defined Spherical
CSYS for the thick-walled solid geometry.
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Keep in mind that the radial stress, the third
Principal stress, is equal to 200 MPa inside of
the thickness and zero on the outside. When
using shell idealizations, this value is zero.
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Exercise 2: Using Shell Pairs for Midsurface Models
Objectives
• Understand shell theory.
• Use solid elements.
• Use shell idealizations.
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Scenario
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You explore shell theory when dealing with stress concentrations at holes and stresses at regions of
large and small bend radii.
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Simulate_Modeling\ShellPairsB NOTCHES_IN_SHELLS_SIMULATE.PRT
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Creo Parametric users open NOTCHES_IN_SHELLS.PRT
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Task 1: Define the shell idealization.

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2. Click Shell from the Idealizations group. The Shell Definition dialog box appears.
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3. Press CTRL and select five surfaces in the
model as shown.
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4. In the Properties section, type 5 in the Thickness field.

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5. Click OK.

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2. Click Displacement from the Constraints group. The Constraint dialog box appears.
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5. Verify all translations and rotations are fixed,
and click OK.

7. Click the Constraints Group drop-down menu and select Symmetry . The Symmetry
8. Press CTRL and select six edges in the model
as shown.
9. Click OK.
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Task 3: Define the loads.
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appears.
3. Select Edges/Curves from the References
drop-down menu.
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5. In the Force section, type 1000 in the X field.
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6. Click OK.

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2. Right-click AutoGEMControl8 and select Edit

Definition. The Maximum Element Size Control
dialog box appears.
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the model.
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box, click OK.
5. In the model tree, right-click AutoGEMControl6

and select Edit Definition. The Maximum
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Element Size Control dialog box appears.

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the model.
box, click OK.

9. Click the Control drop-down menu from the AutoGEM group and select Maximum Element
Size . The Maximum Element Size Control dialog box appears.

11. Press CTRL and select the curved edge in the
model as shown.
box, type 10 in the Element Size field.
13. Click OK.
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16. Click Create. Solids and Shell elements are created. Notice the improvement in the mesh
quality due to the mesh controls.
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17. Click Close in all dialog boxes and No when prompted to save the mesh.
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dialog box appears.
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• In the Name field, type shell_vs_volume_notches.
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• Select the Convergence tab and click Single-Pass Adaptive from the Method drop-down
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menu.
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8. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, select shell_vs_volume_notches and click

1. In the Analyses and Design Studies window, select shell_vs_volume_notches.
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drop-down menu.
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• Select the Display Options tab. Complete
the fields as shown.
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that the stress concentrations at holes and
at large bend radii are accurate using shell
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idealizations. By comparison, the stress in areas
of small radii using solid elements is inaccurate.
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Exercise 3: Using Shell Pairs
Objectives
• Define constraints for shell models.
• Define analytic load functions.
• Automatically select multiple surfaces for applying loads.
• Define shell pairs.
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• Evaluate shell stress in the postprocessor.
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Scenario
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In this exercise, you investigate the stresses and deformations caused by hydrostatic pressure in
a thin-walled sheetmetal water tank. For the analysis, you ignore the stiffening of the walls from
deformations under external load and the related change in internal loading of the tank walls.
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Therefore, a linear static analysis is performed without taking into account the large deformation
effect developing in the structure.
Hydrostatic pressure has a certain geometrical distribution, which is not defined by default in Creo
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Simulate. Using the information in this exercise can help you derive other types of loads that
are driven by mathematical relations. Other typical examples could include wind load or contact
pressure.
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You also learn about defining shell idealizations. The wall of the water tank is extremely thin and of
uniform thickness. This makes it a good candidate for using shell elements instead of the default
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solids.
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Simulate_Modeling\ShellPairsB START_TANK_SIMULATE.PRT
Task 1: Open and investigate the geometry model.

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1. Creo Simulate users: Note that only a quarter of the model is analyzed since the load and
geometry are symmetric. Therefore, the computation time and disk resources are reduced.
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2. Creo Parametric users: Resume feature SYMMETRY_CUT to create the quarter model
from the full CAD model.
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Based on the config.pro file used, you may have to turn on visibilities for suppressed
objects in the model tree settings before you can resume the suppressed feature.
Task 2: Investigate the model properties and assign a material to the model.
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2. Review the units, the material defined, and the associated properties. Click Close.
box appears.
5. Verify Stainless_Steel is in the Material field. Click OK.

Task 3: Define shell idealizations in the model.

2. In the Idealizations group, click the Shell Pair drop-down menu and select Detect Shell
Pairs. The Auto Detect Shell Pairs dialog box appears.
3. Verify Use Geometry Analysis is selected.
4. In the Characteristic Thickness field, type 3.
5. Click Start. The Auto Detect Shell Pairs dialog box closes.
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Alternatively, you can clear the Use Geometry Analysis check box. Since the
structure is created with Creo Parametric shell and thin features, shell pairs can be
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found automatically without using the geometry analysis method. This can be done
only if the following Creo Parametric features are used: shell, rib, sheetmetal parts,
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thickened surfaces, and all features created with the Thin option.
6. In the model tree, expand Idealizations and Shell Pairs. Note that there are 55 shell pairs
detected.
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8. Click Review Geometry from the AutoGEM
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group. The Simulation Geometry dialog box
appears.
9. Click Apply. Note the successful mid-plane
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compression as shown.
10. Click Close.
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2. Click the Control drop-down menu from the AutoGEM group and select Maximum Element
Size . The Maximum Element Size Control dialog box appears.
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• From the References drop-down list, select Components.

• In the Element Size field, type 400.
4. Click OK.

6. Click the AutoGEM drop-down menu from the AutoGEM group and select Settings. The
AutoGEM Settings dialog box appears.
• Select the Limits tab.
• In the Edge Max field, type 165.00.
• In the Edge Min field, type 15.00.
• In the Face Max field, type 165.00.
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• In the Face Min field, type 15.00.
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• In the Max Aspect Ratio field, type 7.
• In the Max Edge Turn (Degrees) field, type 85.
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8. Click OK.
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11. Click Create. Note there are over 300 shell elements created.
12. Click Close in all dialog boxes and Yes when prompted to save the mesh.
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There are two symmetry constraints defined,
one on each longitudinal cut edge of the
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tank. The first constraint is defined using
a symmetry mirror constraint. The second
is defined using a classic displacement
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constraint.
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2. Click the Constraints group drop-down menu

and select Symmetry . The Symmetry
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3. Select Mirror from the Type drop-down menu.

4. On the model, select the edges shown.
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8. In the model, select the edges shown.
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9. In the Translation section, click Free Translation for the Y and Z translations.
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10. In the Rotation section, click Fixed Rotation for the Y and Z rotations.
11. Click OK.
The Mirror symmetry constraint can be used only for parallel or perpendicular
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symmetry planes. A classic Displacement constraint may need an extra coordinate
system for reference, but can be used for any angle between symmetry planes.
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15. In the model, select the four edges shown.
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16. In the Translation section, click Free Translation for the X and Z translations.
17. Click OK.
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Task 6: Define the load.
2. Click Pressure Load from the Loads group. The Pressure Load dialog box appears.
3. Click Surface Sets. The Surface Sets dialog box appears.
4. Click Add.
5. In the model, click any inner surface of the water tank. The selected surface is listed in
the Anchor field.
6. Select Seed and boundary surfaces.

7. Click in the Bounding Surfaces field.
8. In the model, select the surfaces shown.
9. In the Set section of the dialog box, the count

should be 51 for the Seed and Boundary
Surfaces. In the Surface Sets dialog box, click
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OK to return to the Pressure Load dialog box.
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10. Click Advanced to expand the load definition options.

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11. Select Function of Coordinates from the Spatial Variation drop-down menu.
12. Click Function . The Functions dialog box appears.
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13. Click New. The Function Definition dialog box appears.

14. In the Name field, type pressure_hydrostatic.
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15. In the Coordinate System section, select Selected.

16. In the model tree, expand Simulation Features and select LEVEL.
The origin of the LEVEL coordinate system is the water level. Therefore, the
pressure has a maximum magnitude at the bottom of the tank and 0 at the origin of
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LEVEL.
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17. In the Symbolic Expression field, type if(z>0,1e-9*9810*z,0).

18. Click OK to return to the Functions dialog box. In the Warning dialog box, click OK.
19. In the Functions dialog box, click OK to return to the Pressure Load dialog box.
20. In the Value field, type 1.

21. Click Preview to review the applied load.
22. Click OK.
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dialog box appears.
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• In the Name field, type tank_hydro.
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• Select the Convergence tab and click Single Pass Adaptive from the Method drop-down
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menu.
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Task 8: Create results windows and inspect the results.

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1. In the Analyses and Design Studies window, select tank_hydro.

• Select Displacement from the drop-down
menu.
• Select Magnitude from the Component
drop-down menu.
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5. Create a second result window for the von Mises
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stress. Note that in the Include contributions
from shells section, all stress components are
selected and Top and Bottom of shell is used
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as the display location by default.
Top and Bottom of shell ensures that
you are looking at the stresses of the
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shell surface that points towards you

on the screen. In this case, it is not
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necessary to worry about which is the

top or bottom surface of a shell.
6. Create a third result window for the von Mises

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stress. In the Include contributions from shells

section, select Membrane only.
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7. Create a fourth result window for the von Mises
stress. In the Include contributions from shells
section, select Bending only.
The linear theory used does not
take into account wall stiffening from
deformation under the load. To take into
account this effect, you must perform
an analysis with large displacements.
Ignoring this effect usually leads to
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higher analyzed displacements and
stresses compared to the real structural
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behavior.
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Exercise 4: Using Connection Tools to Join Shell
Midsurface Assemblies
Objectives
• Use shell idealizations.
• Connect parts of an assembly using weld connections.
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Scenario
In this exercise, you analyze the stresses and deformations in an assembly made up of sheetmetal
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components. The geometry to be analyzed is thin compared to the width/length, and Shell
idealizations are used. Therefore, it enables you to quickly find a solution instead of using the
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default Solid elements.
The model is an assembly of several parts that were assembled together in Creo Parametric. In
some locations in the model, the plates are shorter and, therefore, gaps are in place between the
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connecting parts. These gaps were defined in the model to compensate for welding manufacturing
tolerances. Therefore, the plates are not automatically connected as in any other regions where the
surfaces are mated with 0 offset or clearance.
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Simulate_Modeling\Connection WELDED_CANTILEVER_SIMULATE.ASM
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Creo Parametric users open WELDED_CANTILEVER.ASM
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Task 1: Define the shell pair idealizations.

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2. Click the Shell Pair drop-down menu from the Idealizations group and select Detect Shell
Pairs. The Auto Detect Shell Pairs dialog box appears.
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3. Verify that Use Geometry Analysis is selected.

4. Type 5 in the Characteristic Thickness field.
5. In the model tree, select WELDED_CANTILEVER.ASM to select all the components of
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the assembly for shell idealization.

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6. In the Auto Detect Shell Pairs dialog box, click Start.

7. In the model tree, expand Idealizations and Shell Pairs. Note there are 13 shell pairs
detected by the rule that the opposite surfaces are 5 mm apart.
8. Click in each shell pair to identify its location in the model.
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appears.
Note that LUG.PRT and some regions of
CYLINDER.PRT were not successfully
compressed. The first due to a variable
thickness, and the second because the
thickness is greater than 5 mm.
12. In the Simulation Geometry dialog box, click
Close.

Task 2: Define the manual and variable shell pair idealizations.
1. In the model tree, select LUG.PRT. Right-click and select Open. The part opens in a
separate Creo Simulate window.
3. Click Shell Pair from the Idealizations group. The Shell Pair Definition dialog box
appears.
4. Verify Constant is selected in the Type section, and Auto Select Opposing Surfaces is
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selected in the References section.
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6. In the Shell Pair Definition dialog box, click
Repeat to create this shell pair and clear the
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dialog box for a new shell pair creation.
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7. In the Type section, select Variable.
8. In the model, select the surface shown. al
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9. Press CTRL and select the opposing slanted surface.

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10. To pick a reference for the mid-plane placement, click in the Select a placement surface field.
In the model tree, select DTM1.
11. In the Shell Pair Definition dialog box, click Repeat to create this shell pair and clear
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the dialog box for a new shell pair creation.

12. In the Type section, select Constant. Verify
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Auto Select Opposing Surfaces is selected.

14. Click Accept .
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15. In the model tree, expand Idealizations and Shell Pairs. Note there are three shell pairs
created.
appears.

19. Click Close.
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20. Click File > Save. The Save Object dialog box appears.
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21. Use the default name and click OK.
22. Click File > Close
to close the window and return to the main assembly window.
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Task 3: Verify and review the automatic and manually created shell pairs.
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appears.
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4. Click Close.
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Task 4: Define welds to connect the plates in the model.
2. Click Weld from the Connections group. The

Weld Definition dialog box appears.
3. Select Extend Many to Single from the End
Weld Type drop-down menu.
4. Click in the Surfaces field in the References
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section. Press CTRL and in the model, select
the four surfaces shown.
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5. Click in the Surface field. In the model, select
the surface shown.
6. Click OK.
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appears.
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9. Click Apply. Note the connections as shown.

Click Close.
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11. Click Weld from the Connections group. The Weld Definition dialog box appears.
12. Select Perimeter Weld from the Type drop-down menu.

13. Click in the first Surface field in the References
section. In the model, select the surface shown.
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14. Click in the second Surface field in the
References section. In the model, select the
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surface shown.
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15. Click in the Edges field in the Properties section.
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In the model, select the two edges shown.
16. Click OK. al
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appears.
19. Click Apply. Note the connections as shown.
Click Close.
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20. Enable Point Display .

22. Click Weld from the Connections group. The Weld Definition dialog box appears.
23. Select Spot Weld from the Type drop-down menu.

24. Click in the first Surface field in the References
section. In the model, select the surface shown.
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25. Click in the second Surface field in the
References section. In the model, select the
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surface shown.
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26. In the Properties section, select Pattern. Select any of the points in the pattern.
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27. Type 8 in the Diameter field.
28. In the Material section, click More. The Materials dialog box appears.
29.
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Select and add steel.mtl as the material if required. Click OK
to return to the Weld Definition dialog box.
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30. Click OK. The graphical representation is as
shown.
You will not visually see any changes
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in the model if you make use of the

Review Geometry tool after you defined
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the Spot Weld connections. These

connections are not displayed as the
ones created for Perimeter or End
Welds.
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Task 5: Define the remaining loads.

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2. Click Bearing from the Loads group. The

Bearing Load dialog box appears.
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3. Select Edges/Curves from the References

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drop-down menu.
4. In the model, select any of the curved edge as
shown.
The software automatically selects the
remaining half of hole edge. Therefore,
two edges are displayed in the selection
bin.
6. Click OK.

Task 6: Define the constraint.

2. Right-click Constraint1 and select Edit Definition. The Constraint dialog box appears.
3. Press CTRL and select the edges as shown.
4. Click OK.
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dialog box appears.
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• In the Name field, type welded_cantilever.
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• Click the Convergence tab and click Single-Pass Adaptive from the Method drop-down
menu.
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• Click the Output tab.
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8. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, select welded_cantilever and click Start

1. In the Analyses and Design Studies window, select welded_cantilever.
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drop-down menu.
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fields as shown.
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Identify the behavior of the connections.
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displacement magnitude, and investigate the
results shown.
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Module 16
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Idealizations
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Exercise 1: Defining a Beam
Objectives
• Create a beam idealization.
Scenario
In this exercise, you use the Beam idealizations in Creo Simulate to investigate stresses and
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deformations in a frame structure. The Beams are a linear type of element that enable you to speed
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up processing time without sacrificing the quality of your simulation solution.
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Simulate_Modeling\Beam FRAMEWORK_CANTILEVER_SIMULATE.PRT
Creo Parametric users open FRAMEWORK_CANTILEVER.PRT
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Task 1: Define the beam idealizations.
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2. Click Beam from the Idealizations group. The Beam Definition dialog box appears.
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3. Press CTRL and in the model select the two
segments shown.
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Note the direction of the yellow arrows. They
are displaying the positive X-axis of the beam’s
cross-section orientation. They must be pointed
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in the same direction.

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4. In the Beam Definition dialog box, the Material section, click More. The Materials dialog box
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appears.
5. Verify ss.mtl is added to the model. Click OK.
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6. Select the Start tab.

7. In the Beam Section section, click More. The Beam Sections dialog box appears.
8. Click New. The Beam Section Definition dialog box appears.
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9. Type U-Channel
in the Name field.
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10. Select the Section tab.

11. Select Channel from the Type drop-down menu.

12. Complete the remainder of the dialog box as
shown.
13. Click OK to return to the Beam Sections dialog
box.
14. Click OK to return to the Beam Definition dialog
box.
15. Click OK.
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18. Press CTRL and in the model select the three

segments shown.
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19. Note the direction of the yellow arrows. They

are displaying the positive X-axis of the beam’s
cross-section orientation. They must be pointed
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in the same direction. Select the yellow arrow

directly from the model on the segment that has
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a reversed flow and note the direction change.

All arrows should now be pointing in the same
direction as shown.

20. In the Beam Definition dialog box, the Material section, click More. The Materials dialog box
appears.
21. Verify that SS is displayed in the Material in Model column. Click OK.
22. In the Properties section, type 0 in the Y field, and type 1 in the Z field.
25. Verify that U-Channel is selected.
26. Click OK to return to the Beam Definition dialog box.
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27. Click OK.
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30. Press CTRL and in the model select the five
segments shown.
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31. In the Beam Definition dialog box, the Materials section, click More. The Materials dialog box
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appears.
32. Verify that SS is displayed in the Material in Model column. Click OK.
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35. Click New. The Beam Section Definition dialog box appears.
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36. Type Cross in the Name field.

37. Select the Section tab.
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38. Select Sketched Solid from the Type drop-down menu.

39. Click Sketch. Read the Information dialog box.
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40. Click OK. The Sketcher window opens.

You should use an existing sketched section file. This section file can be sketched
in Creo Parametric or Creo Simulate.
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42. Click File System from the Get Data group. The Open dialog box appears.
43. Select cross_section.sec and click Open.
44. Click in the active window to place the sketch. A sketched section appears.

45. Click in the center of the sketch. Do not release
the mouse button. Drag the sketch until it snaps
to the existing coordinate system reference as
shown.
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46. Type 1.0 in the Scaling Factor field.
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47. Accept .
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49. Click Point from the Sketching group.
50. Place points at each corner of the section, as
shown. Twelve points total.
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51. Click Accept to save the section and return to the Creo Simulate window.
52. In the Beam Section Definition dialog box, click OK to return to the Beam Sections dialog box.
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54. In the Beam Release section, click More. The Beam Releases dialog box appears.
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55. Click New. The Beam Release dialog box appears.

56. Click the Rotation degrees of freedom, Rx, Ry, and Rz.
57. Click OK to return to the Beam Releases dialog box.
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59. Click OK.

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Task 2: Define the mass idealization.

2. Click Mass from the Idealizations group. The Mass Definition dialog box appears.

3. On the model, select the vertex of the curve
segment as shown.
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4. Type 100 in the Mass field and select kg from the drop-down menu.
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5. Click OK.
Task 3: Define the gravity load.
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2. Click Gravity Load from the Loads group. The Gravity Load dialog box appears.
3. In the Acceleration section, type –9810 in the Y field.
4. Click OK.
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Task 4: Define the constraints. al
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3. In the References section, select Points from the drop-down menu.
4. In the model, select the two points shown.
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5. In the Rotation section, click Fixed Rotation for the X and Y rotations.
6. Click OK.

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dialog box appears.

• In the Name field, type Framework.
• Select the Convergence tab and click Multi-Pass Adaptive from the Method drop-down
menu.
field.
• In the Limits section, type 10 in the Percent Convergence section.
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• Press CTRL and select the following measures:
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– max_beam_bending
– max_beam_tensile
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– max_beam_torsion
– max_beam_total
– max_disp_mag
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– max_disp_x
– max_disp_y
– max_disp_z
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– max_rot_mag
– max_rot_x
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– max_rot_y
– max_rot_z
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– strain_energy
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8. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, select Framework and click Start Run
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1. In the Analyses and Design Studies window, select Framework.

drop-down menu.
• De-select Torsional.
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5. Create another result window by clicking Edit > Copy. A copy of the Result Window
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6. Select the Quantity tab. Select Recovery Point from the At drop-down menu.
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7. Select Point 6 from the Sections drop-down list.
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Repeat this process and choose any
recovery point on the beams that have
a cross-section. Display those results
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as well.
9. Create a resultant force and moment graph by clicking Edit > Copy. A copy of the Result
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Window Definition dialog box appears.

10. Select Graph from the Display Type drop-down menu.
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11. Select the Quantity tab. Complete the fields as

shown.
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12. In the Graph Location section, click Select Reference and select the top horizontal
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beam of the frame.

Repeat this process for the Beam
Resultant along the X- and Z-axes.
Also, attempt to display the Beam
Resultant, but this time use Moment as
the secondary quantity.

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Exercise 2: Creating Weighted and Rigid Links
Objectives
• Create weighted links.
• Create rigid links.
Scenario
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In Creo Simulate, there are several types of elements you can use to connect different simulation
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features. Although they have the same goal, some of these connections have different behaviors
and purposes, and results can be affected. A clear understanding of their purpose will enable you
to become more proficient with the features in Creo Simulate.
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In this exercise, you examine the influence on displacement results when making use of Rigid
verses Weighted links between simulation features. The model used is shown below.
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The model does not reflect an engineering problem. It illustrates the behavior of connecting
simulation features with rigid or weighted links.
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In all A and B locations vertical Beams have been defined between datum points. This is because in
the Creo Simulate result windows you can only view the displacement of a simulation feature.
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The top row of beams at the A locations will be connected using weighted links. Some of these
weighted links have been previously defined. You define the connections at A1 and A4, but you
can edit and inspect any other weighted link.
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The bottom row of beams at the B locations will be connected using rigid links. You define the rigid
links at the B1, B2, and B3 locations. The B4 location has been previously defined.
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At the B3 and B4 locations, spring idealizations to ground have been defined. These act as
constraints. Additional constraints will be defined at all point locations. There is no load in this
exercise. You will define some predescribed displacements. Some of the constraints have been
previously defined.
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Simulate_Modeling\WeightedLinks RIGID_AND_WEIGHTED_LINKS_B.PRT

Task 2: Define the weighted links at the A1 and A4 locations.
1. Define the weighted link at the A1 location. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
2. Click Weighted Link from the Connections group. The Weighted Link Definition dialog
box appears.
3. Press CTRL and select points PNT1, PNT2, PNT3, and PNT4 on the model. These are listed
in the Independent Side section in the dialog box.
4. Click in the Dependent side section, Point field. On the model, select PNT0.
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5. In the Degrees of Freedom section, select Tx, Ty, and Tz.
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6. Click OK.
Weighted Links have already been defined at the A2 and A3 locations.
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7. Define the weighted link at the A4 location. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
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8. Click Weighted Link from the Connections group. The Weighted Link Definition dialog
box appears.
9. Press CTRL and select points PNT16, PNT17, PNT18, and PNT19 on the model. These
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are listed in the Independent Side section in the dialog box.
10. Click in the Dependent side section, Point field. On the model, select PNT15.
11. In the Degrees of Freedom section, select Tx, Ty, and de-select Tz.
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12. Click OK.
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Task 3: Define the rigid links at the B1, B2, and B3 locations.
1. Define the rigid link at the B1 location. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
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2. Click Rigid Link from the Connections group. The Rigid Link Definition dialog box
appears.
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3. Press CTRL and select points PNT20, PNT21, PNT22, PNT23, and PNT24 on the model.
These are listed in the References section in the dialog box.
4. Click OK.
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5. Define an advanced rigid link at the B2 location. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
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appears.
7. Select Advanced from the Type drop-down menu.
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8. Select point PNT25 on the model. This is listed in the Independent section in the dialog box.
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9. Click in the Dependent side section, Points reference field. Press CTRL and select points
PNT26, PNT27, PNT28, and PNT29 on the model.
10. Verify that all options are selected in the Degrees of Freedom section.
11. Click OK.

12. Define another advanced rigid link at the B3 location. In the ribbon, select the Refine
Model tab.
appears.
14. Select Advanced from the Type drop-down menu.
15. Select point PNT30 on the model. This is listed in the Independent section in the dialog box.
16. Click in the Dependent side section, Points reference field. Press CTRL and select points
PNT31, PNT32, PNT33, and PNT34 on the model.
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17. Deselect Rx, Ry, and Rz in the Degrees of Freedom section.
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18. Click OK.
Task 4: Define the constraints at the A1 location and all B locations.
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1. Define a prescribed displacement constraint at the A1 location. In the ribbon, select the
Home tab.
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3. Select Points from the References Section drop-down menu.
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4. Press CTRL and select points PNT1 and PNT4 on the model.
5. In the Translation section, click Prescribed Translation for the Y translation. Type 3
in the Y Translation field.
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6. In the Rotation section, click Fixed Rotation for the X, Y, and Z rotations.
7. Click OK.
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8. Define a prescribed displacement constraint at all B locations. In the ribbon, select the
Home tab.
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10. Select Points from the References Section drop-down menu.
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11. Press CTRL and select points PNT20, PNT25, PNT30, and PNT35 on the model.
12. In the Translation section, click Prescribed Translation for the X, Y, and Z translations.
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Type 1 in the X, Y, and Z translation fields.

13. In the Rotation section, click Prescribed Rotation for the X, Y, and Z rotations. Type 10
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in the X, Y, and Z rotation fields.

14. Click OK. Click OK in the Warning dialog box.

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dialog box appears.
• In the Name field, type link_demo.
• Select the constraint sets displayed in the Constraint Set/Component section.
• Select the Convergence tab and click Quick Check from the Method drop-down menu.

8. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, select link_demo and click Start Run .
Click Yes to run interactive diagnostics.
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1. In the Analyses and Design Studies window, select shell_theory_demo.
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• Verify that Fringe is selected as the Display type.
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• Verify that Displacement is selected.
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• Select mm from the drop-down menu.
• Select Magnitude from the Component drop-down menu.
4. Select the Display Options tab and complete the following:
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• Select Deformed.
• Select Overlay Undeformed.
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6. Review the fringe plot. The following observations can be made:
• At the A locations from A1 to A4:
– Translations of the independent side are weighted (averaged) and transferred to the
dependent point, here in the Y-direction.
– Independent side rotations are not taken into account at the dependent point. In this
way it is ensured that the dependent point delivers the same movements independently
if the independent side is fixed to volumes, no rotational support, or shells/beams,
having rotations.
– Dependent side translations, here in the Z-direction, may lead to translations and
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rotations at the dependent point.
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– Certain translational degrees of freedom can be uncoupled in the model. In this example
it is the Z-direction. Then, the dependent point does not take these movements into
account.
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Note that in general, all references of a weighted link connection stay flexible and
no artificial stiffness is added to the model.
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• At the B locations:
– At B1, the simple rigid link, all point references become a rigid body moving in space.
Note that only simple rigid links support LDA; for the others, only small rotations are
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allowed.
– At B2 where you have defined the advanced rigid link, this connection is transferring
all degrees of freedom.
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– At B3 where you have another advanced rigid link and all three rotational degrees
of freedom are released, the dependent points do just the translations from the
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independent point, rotations are set free. That is why the ground springs are needed,
so the model is not under constrained.
– At B4 where you have another advanced rigid link, and where all three translational
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degrees of freedom are released, then only rotations are transferred.

Note that rigid link connections add artificial stiffness to the model. The degrees of
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freedom which are transferred can only move as a rigid body. Therefore, these
links should be used with care.
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Module 17
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Advanced Analysis
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Exercise 1: Understanding Linear Buckling Analysis
Objectives
• Perform a linear buckling analysis.
Scenario
In this exercise, you evaluate the compression force which leads to the stability failure of a
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thin-walled compression strut. This strut is circular-shaped and made of steel. In addition to these
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requirements, you are also interested in what the failure looks like, is it similar to the buckling
shape of a column or local buckling of a thin wall? The column is simply supported and material
linearity is assumed.
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A refined mesh is used and you learn new AutoGEM controls to generate the requested quality of
elements.
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Simulate_Analysis\CompStrut EULER_TRACTION_STRUT_SIMULATE.PRT
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Creo Parametric users open EULER_TRACTION_STRUT.PRT.

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2. Click Point from the Datum group. The Datum Point dialog box appears.
3. In the model, select the arc defining the inner
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diameter of the tube as shown.

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4. In the Datum Point dialog box, select the edge just selected in the References section. Select
Center from the On drop-down menu. Note the new point created in the left column.
5. In the left column, select New Point.
6. In the model, select the arc on the opposite end of the tube to the one just selected to define
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a second point.
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7. In the References section, select Center from the On drop-down menu if required. Note the
new point created in the left column.
8. Click OK.
appears.

11. Press CTRL and select the new point created
and the end flat surface in the model as shown.
12. Click OK.
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appears.
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15. Press CTRL and select PNT1 and its corresponding and flat surface at the opposite end of
the strut.
16. Click OK.
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20. In the model, select the first point created.
21.
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In the Translation section, click Free Translation for the Y translation.
22. Click OK.
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26. In the model, select the second point created.
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27. In the Rotation section, click Fixed Rotation for the Y rotation.
28. Click OK.
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All these constraints are part of the same constraint set and, therefore, act on the
system in the same time.
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Task 2: Define the compressive load.

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2. Click Force/Moment Load from the Loads group. The Force/Moment Load dialog box
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appears.
4. In the model, select the first point defined..
6. Click OK.

Task 3: Define AutoGEM controls and mesh the model.
2. Select Hard Point from the Controls drop-down menu in the AutoGEM group. The Hard
Point Control dialog box appears.
3. In the References section, select Pattern.
4. In the model tree, expand Pattern 2 of Pattern 1. An 84-point pattern is listed.
5. Select Pattern 1 of Datum Point.
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6. Press SHIFT and select Pattern 84 of Datum Point to select all the patterned points in the
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model. All point patterns appear in the selection bin in the Hard Point Control dialog box.
7. In the Hard Point Control dialog box, click OK.
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9. Select Thin Solid > Detect Thin Solids from the Controls drop-down menu in the AutoGEM
group. The Auto Detect Thin Solids dialog box appears.
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10. Type 4 in the Characteristic Thickness field.
11. Click Start. The Auto Detect Thin Solids dialog box closes.
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12. In the model tree, expand AutoGEM Controls. Note AutoGEMControl2 being defined.
13. Right-click AutoGEMControl2 and select Edit Definition. The Thin Solid Control dialog box
appears.
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14. Note the pairs of surfaces being matched. Click OK.
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17. Click Create.
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18. Inspect the resulting mesh. Click Close to close all dialog boxes. Click No to the prompt to
save the mesh.
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Task 4: Define and run the static and prestress analyses.

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dialog box appears.
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3. Right-click euler_strut_compression_force and select Edit. The Static Analysis Definition

dialog box appears.
4. Verify or complete the following:
• In the Name field, type euler_strut_compression_force.
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• Click the Convergence tab, and click Single-Pass Adaptive from the Method drop-down
menu.

6. Right-click euler_strut_buckling and select Edit. The Buckling Analysis Definition dialog
box appears.
• In the Name field, type euler_strut_buckling.
• Click the Previous Analysis tab, and select Use static analysis results from previous
design study.
• Verify LoadSet1 is selected.
• Type 8 in the Number of Buckling Modes field.
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menu.
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9. Right-click euler_strut_buckling_MP and select Edit. The Buckling Analysis Definition
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dialog box appears.
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• In the Name field, type euler_strut_buckling_MP.
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field.
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• In the Converge on section, select BLF, Local Displacement and Local Strain Energy.
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14. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, select euler_strut_compression_force and
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click Start Run . Click Yes to run interactive diagnostics.

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Carefully inspect the information displayed in the summary files. Identify the maximum von
Mises and Y-axis stress (the load direction).
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16. Close all dialog boxes and return to the Analyses and Design Studies window.
17. Run the remaining two buckling analyses. The output directory is written to the same location,
the current working directory.
18. Carefully inspect the information displayed in the summary files. Notice the Buckling Load
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Factor (BLF) values when using the Single- versus Multi-Pass Adaptive algorithm.
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19. When both studies are complete, close all dialog boxes and return to the Analyses and
Design Studies window.
Task 5: Create fringe plots for the static analysis.
1. In the Analyses and Design Studies window, select euler_strut_compression_force.

3. Create a result window for the maximum
Exaggerate the deformed shape and turn on the
transparent overlay.
4. Create a result window for the von Mises stress,

and investigate the results shown. Exaggerate
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the deformed shape and turn on the transparent
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overlay.
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5. Create a result window for the axial stress,
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stress along the Y-axis, and investigate the
results shown. Exaggerate the deformed shape
and turn on the transparent overlay.
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Note that although the maximum von
Mises stress is roughly 850 MPa,
as read from the legend, the strut is
stressed at 677 MPa. The majority of
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the stress is of compressive nature and,
therefore, a similar value is reported in
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the Y-axis stress fringe plot. Make a
record of this 677 MPa stress.
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6. Create a result window for the P-level, the

polynomial at which the solver has reached, and
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investigate the results shown.

From the P-level plot, you can easily
see that some stress singularities are
present at constraints due to the Rigid
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Link connection.
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Task 6: Create fringe plots for the buckling analyses.
1. In the Analyses and Design Studies window, select euler_strut_buckling_MP.

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Note the first BLF is 1.39. That means at a compression stress of 677*1.39 = 941
MPa the strut collapses, and the equivalent buckling load is 1112 MN. The buckling
theory is barely valid, since the Yield Strength of the selected steel grade is 950 MPa.

• Type Mode_1 in the Name field.
• Type BLF Mode 1 in the Title field.
• In the Study Selection section, select Mode 1 from the list.
• Select Displacement from the drop-down menu.
• Select mm from the units drop-down menu.
• Select Magnitude from the Component drop-down menu.
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• Click the Display Options tab. Select Deformed and Transparent Overlay.
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5. Create a result window for Mode 2 and
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Exercise 2: Understanding Nonlinear Stability Analysis
Objectives
• Perform a nonlinear stability analysis.
Scenario
In this exercise, you examine how Creo Simulate handles a particular case of a Large Deformation
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Analysis. In this example, you investigate the behavior of a cup spring which experiences a loss
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in stability. The algorithm used by Creo Simulate for this type of a problem is called “arc length
method” and is used in this exercise to solve the regions where the load-deflection curve of the
structure has a partially negative slope resulting in instability.
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Simulate_Analysis\NLStability CUP_SPRING_SIMULATE.PRT
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Creo Parametric users open CUP_SPRING.PRT.
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Task 1: Define the 2D axisymmetric model type.

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3. Click Advanced.
4. In the Type section, select 2D Axisymmetric.
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5. Click in the Coordinate System field. In the model, select PRT_CSYS_DEF.

6. Click in the Geometry field. In the model, select
the surface shown.
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7. Click OK.
8. Click Confirm in the prompt.
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Task 2: Define the materials for the model.

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box appears.
3. In the model, select the surface selected in the first task.
4. In the Properties section, click More.
5. Select steel.mtl and add it to the model.
6. Click OK to return to the Material Assignment dialog box.
7. Verify that there is no Material Orientation selected.
8. Click OK.

Task 3: Define the loads for the model.
2. Click Force/Moment Load from the Loads group. The Force/Moment Load dialog box
appears.
4. In the model, select the point shown.
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5. In the Force/Moment Load dialog box, Force section, type 2500 in the Y field.
6. Click OK.
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Task 4: Define the constraints in the model.

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4. In the model, select the point shown.
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5. In the Constraint dialog box, Translation section, click Free Translation for the X translation.
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6. Click OK.
Task 5: Create a mesh control and mesh the model.

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2. Select Edge Distribution from the Controls drop-down menu in the AutoGEM group.
The Edge Distribution Control dialog box appears.
3. In the model, select the edges shown.

4. In the Edge Distribution Control dialog box, Properties section, type 4 in the Number of
Nodes field.
5. Click OK.
8. Click Create.
save the mesh.
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Task 6: Create measures in the model.
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2. Click Measures from the Run group. The Measures dialog box appears.
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• Type reaction_force in the Name field.
• Select Force from the Quantity drop-down menu.
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• Select Y from the Component drop-down menu.
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6. In the Measure Definition dialog box, Spatial Evaluation section, click Select Reference
and select Constraint1 in the model tree.
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7. In the Measure Definition dialog box, click OK to return to the Measures dialog box.
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• Type Force in the Name field.
• Select Computed Measure from the Quantity drop-down menu.
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• In the Expression section, type –reaction_force.

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• Type Deformation in the Name field.

• Select Displacement from the Quantity drop-down menu.
• Select Y from the Component drop-down menu.
13. In the Spatial Evaluation section, select At Point from the drop-down menu.
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14. Click Select Reference and select the point where the load is applied.
16. Click Close.

dialog box appears.

• In the Name field, type Cup_Spring.
• Select Nonlinear/Use Load Histories.
• In the Nonlinear Options section, select Calculate Large Deformations.
menu.
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• Select Include Snap-through.
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• In the Calculate section, select Stresses, Rotations, and Reactions.
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• In the Output Steps section, select User-defined Steps from the drop-down menu.
• Type 21 in the Number of Master Steps field. Press ENTER.
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8. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, select Cup_Spring and click Start Run
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Notice in the summary file the detection of the snap-through start and end being reported.
Continue to monitor these reports throughout the entire summary report file.
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Task 8: Create result window and inspect the results.
1. In the Analyses and Design Studies window, select Cup_Spring.

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3. Select Graph from the Display Type drop-down menu.
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4. Select the Quantity tab.

5. Select Measure from the Graph Ordinate (Vertical) Axis drop-down menu.
6. Click Measures . The Measures dialog box appears.
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7. Select Force from the User-Defined column.

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8. Click OK to return to the Result Window Definition dialog box.

9. Select Measure from the Graph Abscissa (Horizontal) Axis second drop-down menu.
11. Select Deformation from the User-Defined column.

13. Click OK and Show to display the results.
As a challenge, run the same Static
Analysis, but turn off the option for
Include Snap-through. Graph the
variation of the load versus deformation
and interpret the new results.
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16. Click File > Manage Session > Erase Current. Click Yes in the Erase Confirm prompt.
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Module 18
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Sensitivity and Optimization
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Exercise 1: Defining Design Studies
Objectives
• Perform a Sensitivity and Optimization study.
Scenario
In this example, you attempt to minimize the stress concentrations in a structural component using
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the Creo Simulate capabilities of Sensitivity and Optimization studies. The structural component is a
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simplified shaft shoulder under tension, made of stainless steel with a nominal stress 100 MPa.
The loads and constraints were already defined in the model. Some constraints are required since
you are analyzing only a slice of the shaft. Also, a Static Analysis was previously defined for the
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model. This Static Analysis enables you to investigate the current stresses in the model and is used
as a base analysis for the Sensitivity and Optimization studies.
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Simulate_Analysis\DesignStudy SHAFT_SHOULDER_SIMULATE.PRT
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Creo Parametric users open SHAFT_SHOULDER.PRT
Task 1:
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Create mesh controls and mesh the model.

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2. Select Maximum Element Size from the Controls drop-down menu in the AutoGEM
group. The Maximum Element Size Control dialog box appears.
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3. Select Components from the References drop-down menu.

4. In the Element Size section, type 10 in the field.
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5. Click OK.
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7. Select Maximum Element Size from the Controls drop-down menu in the AutoGEM
group. The Maximum Element Size Control dialog box appears.
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9. In the Maximum Element Size Control dialog box, Element Size section, type 3 in the field.
10. Click OK.

13. Click Create.
save the mesh.
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dialog box appears.
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• In the Name field, type shaft_shoulder_static_tension.
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menu.
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8. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, select shaft_shoulder_static_tension and
click Start Run . Click Yes to run interactive diagnostics.
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Carefully inspect the information displayed in the summary file. Notice that the maximum von
Mises stress is found to be almost 150 MPa. The nominal stress is actually 100 MPa, and we
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have a stress concentration factor of 1.50. Therefore, our design needs improvement.
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Task 3: Create a fringe plot for the static analysis.
1. In the Analyses and Design Studies window, select shaft_shoulder_static_tension.

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and investigate the results shown.
4. Click File > Exit Results to return to Creo
Simulate. Click No in the Message dialog box.

Task 4: Define and run a standard design study.
1. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, click File > New Standard Design Study.
The Standard Study Definition dialog box appears. Type shaft_R9 in the Name field.
2. In the Analyses section, select shaft_shoulder_static_tension (Static).
3. In the Variables section, click Select Dimension
. Click in the model to display all the model
dimensions as shown.
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4. In the model, select the length dimension shown.
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The notch was created in Creo
Parametric using a conical Round
feature. That is why three dimensions
are available, length, width, and radius
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of curvature, rho.
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5. Repeat the previous two steps and select the width dimension of the conical fillet.
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You cannot pick the same dimension twice. Creo Simulate eliminates from the
selection process any dimensions that were already picked for design variables.
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6. In the Standard Study Definition dialog box, type

9 in the Setting field for both length and width
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as shown.
7. Click OK.
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8. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, select shaft_R9 and click Start Run .
Notice that the maximum von Mises stress is found to be almost 123 MPa. The nominal
stress is actually 100 MPa and we have a stress concentration factor of 1.23. Therefore, our
design still needs improvement.

Task 5: Create a fringe plot for the standard design study.
1. In the Analyses and Design Studies window, select shaft_R9.
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Task 6: Define and run the local sensitivity study.
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1. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, click File > New Sensitivity Design Study.
The Sensitivity Study Definition dialog box appears.
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• Type LS_all in the Name field.
• Select Local Sensitivity from the Type drop-down menu.
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4. In the Variables section, click Select Dimension . Click in the model to display all the
model dimensions.
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6. Repeat the previous two steps and select the

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width dimension of the conical fillet, and the

radius of curvature, rho.
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7. In the Sensitivity Study Definition dialog box, use

the Current values as Setting values as shown.
8. Click OK.
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9. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, select LS_all and click Start Run . Click
Yes to run interactive diagnostics.

Task 7: Create graphs for the local sensitivity study.
1. In the Analyses and Design Studies window, select LS_all.
5. Select max_stress_vm.
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7. Select length:SHAFT_SHOULDER_SIMULATE from the Graph Abscissa (Horizontal) Axis
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second drop-down menu.
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9. Create a graph for the width, and investigate the
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results shown.
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10. Create a graph for the radius of curvature, rho,

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Task 8: Define and run the global sensitivity study.

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1. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, click File > New Sensitivity Design Study.
The Sensitivity Study Definition dialog box appears.
• Type GS_length in the Name field.
• Verify that Global Sensitivity is selected from the Type drop-down menu.
model dimensions.

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6. In the Sensitivity Study Definition dialog box,
type 1 in the Start field, 40 in the End field, and 5
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in the Steps field as shown.
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7. Click Options. The Design Study Options dialog box appears.
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8. Click Shape Animate the Model. The Continue to Step 2? dialog box appears.
9. Click Accept Value .
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10. Repeat for five steps. At the last step, click Yes to restore the model to its original shape.
11. In the Design Study Options dialog box, click Close.
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12. In the Sensitivity Study Definition dialog box, click OK.

13. Repeat this process for the remaining two design variables, width and radius of curvature,
rho. Use the following names and ranges:
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• Width
– Name: GS_width
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– Range: 4 to 9 mm
• Radius of Curvature, rho
– Name: GS_rho
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– Range: 0.1 to 0.9 mm

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14. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, select GS_length and click Start Run .
17. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, run GS_width and GS_rho.

Task 9: Create graphs for the global sensitivity study.
1. In the Analyses and Design Studies window, select GS_length.
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7. Select length:SHAFT_SHOULDER_SIMULATE from the Graph Abscissa (Horizontal) Axis
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second drop-down menu.
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9. Create a graph for the width, and investigate the
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results shown.
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10. Create a graph for the radius of curvature, rho,

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Identify what range of values should

be used to reduce the stress below the
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nominal value, 100 MPa.

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Task 10: Define and run the optimization design study.
1. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, click File > New Optimization Design
Study. The Optimization Study Definition dialog box appears.
• Type shaft_optimization in the Name field.
• Verify that Optimization is selected from the Type drop-down menu.
• In the Goal section, select Minimize from the drop-down menu, and verify that total_mass
is displayed in the adjacent field.
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3. In the Design Limits section, click Add Row . The Measures dialog box appears.
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5. Click OK to return to the Optimization Study Definition dialog box.
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6. Verify < is displayed in the adjacent field. Type 100 in the Value field.
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model dimensions.
8. In the model, select the three dimensions, width, length, and rho, selected for the previous
studies.
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define the ranges as shown.
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10. Click Options. The Design Study Options dialog

box appears.
11. Complete the fields as shown.
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The Optimization Convergence is

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controlling the quality of the optimum

solution. In this case, you’re looking to
lower stress below 100 MPa. But, 10
or 15 MPa is actually lower than 100
MPa. Using this percentage, you are
controlling the value to be between 95
and 105 MPa.
12. In the Design Study Options dialog box, click
Close.
click OK.

14. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, select shaft_optimization and click Start
Notice in the summary report that for each of the optimization iterations, Creo Simulate uses
any values specified in study definition. Therefore, you find three variable changes at each
iteration. Inspect all four iterations in the summary report. But, most importantly, find the
values reported for the last iteration.
Also, notice the message at the bottom of the summary report that states “No improvement to
the initial design was found that does not violate any limits”. This is due to the fact that in
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order to reduce stresses, Creo Simulate had to add more material. Therefore, an increase
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in mass is reported, although you set the Optimization Design Study goal to minimize the
total_mass measure.
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Task 11: Create a fringe plot for the standard design study.
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1. In the Analyses and Design Studies window, select shaft_optimization.
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3. Create a result window for the von Mises stress
at the optimum solution found, and investigate
the results shown.
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Note that now the model has a
maximum von Mises stress of 100 MPa.
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This is the solution you’re looking for.
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Copyright
Copyright © 2012 Parametric Technology Corporation and/or Its Subsidiary Companies. All Rights Reserved.
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Introduction to Creo Simulate 2.

Authored and published using

Copyright © 2012 Parametric Technology Corporation. All Rights Reserved.

agreement except with written prior approval from PTC.

and Pro/FICIENCY assessments.

Precision Learning After the Class

additional training that corresponds to your role and job functions.

Module 17 ― Advanced Analysis

Model Types. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-1

Understanding 2-D Axial Symmetry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-8

Using Shell Pairs for Midsurface Models – Shell Idealizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-2

Using Connection Tools to Join Shell Midsurface Assemblies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-19

© 2012 PTC Module 5 | Page 1

– Deselect Auto Start

Module 5 | Page 2 © 2012 PTC

– Type 50 in the Scaling field.

– Deselect Auto Start.

14. Animate the results.

15. Click Show Definitions . The Display Result Window appears.

© 2012 PTC Module 5 | Page 3

• Select the YZ plane.

• Select Capping Surface from the Type drop-down list.

17. Click Show Definitions . The Display Result Window appears.

Module 5 | Page 4 © 2012 PTC

29. Click Close.

31. Click Edit > Delete Annotation.

Type 150 in the field.

34. Click OK. The Question dialog box appears.

© 2012 PTC Module 5 | Page 5

Module 5 | Page 6 © 2012 PTC

• Select the Display Options tab. Complete the following:

© 2012 PTC Module 5 | Page 7

1. Click Edit > Copy. The Result Window Definition

4. Click Show Definitions . The Display Result

5. Deselect MODEL and MP_VECTOR. Click OK.

Module 5 | Page 8 © 2012 PTC

• Type Gearbox Test 125AK in the Browser Title field.

• Select Introduction from the Item list.

Task 5: Save Result windows and use templates.

1. Click Show Definitions . The Display Result Window appears.

© 2012 PTC Module 5 | Page 9

Module 5 | Page 10 © 2012 PTC

© 2012 PTC Module 7 | Page 1

2. The external torque.

In this exercise, we use the following values and properties:

B1req Minimum required belt 1824.1 N

Module 7 | Page 2 © 2012 PTC

in the model. The volume regions help to define loads.

Task 2: Define constraints in the model.

1. Define the weighted links in the model. In the

2. Click Weighted Link from the Connections

drop-down list. Select the cylindrical surface

Surf:F30 on the model as shown.

4. Enable Point Display . In the Weighted Link

© 2012 PTC Module 7 | Page 3

Spring Definition dialog boxes and complete the

18. Complete the following:

Variation drop-down list.

Module 7 | Page 4 © 2012 PTC

1. Define a load set simulating the belt preload.

13. Click Force/Moment Load from the Loads

15. Type Torque in the Name field. Click OK.

shown. Two surfaces should be displayed in the