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  • Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry Topic 14: Organic Chemistry

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    Shafan Bhinder
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    This document provides information about alkanes for Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry. It describes alkanes as generally unreactive except for burning. Alkanes contain only single carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds. They have the general formula CnH2n+2 and can be represented by structural formulas and models. Examples of the first four alkanes are methane, ethane, propane and butane. The document also describes substitution reactions where alkanes react with halogens like bromine to form halogenoalkanes, requiring ultraviolet light.

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    This document provides information about alkanes for Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry. It describes alkanes as generally unreactive except for burning. Alkanes contain only single carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds. They have the general formula CnH2n+2 and can be represented by structural formulas and models. Examples of the first four alkanes are methane, ethane, propane and butane. The document also describes substitution reactions where alkanes react with halogens like bromine to form halogenoalkanes, requiring ultraviolet light.

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    24 visualizações2 páginas

    Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry Topic 14: Organic Chemistry

    Enviado por

    Shafan Bhinder
    This document provides information about alkanes for Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry. It describes alkanes as generally unreactive except for burning. Alkanes contain only single carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds. They have the general formula CnH2n+2 and can be represented by structural formulas and models. Examples of the first four alkanes are methane, ethane, propane and butane. The document also describes substitution reactions where alkanes react with halogens like bromine to form halogenoalkanes, requiring ultraviolet light.

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    Cambridge​ ​IGCSE​ ​Chemistry

    Topic​ ​14:​ ​Organic​ ​chemistry


    Alkanes

    Notes

    www.pmt.education
    Describe​ ​the​ ​properties​ ​of​ ​alkanes​ ​(exemplified​ ​by​ ​methane)​ ​as​ ​being…

    ● Generally​ ​unreactive,​ ​except​ ​in​ ​terms​ ​of​ ​burning

    Describe​ ​the​ ​bonding​ ​in​ ​alkanes

    ● Contain​ ​no​ ​C=C​ ​double​ ​bonds,​ ​therefore​ ​the​ ​carbons​ ​are​ ​saturated,​ ​because​ ​they
    each​ ​form​ ​4​ ​single​ ​bonds​ ​i.e.​ ​they​ ​form​ ​as​ ​many​ ​bonds​ ​as​ ​possible
    ● they​ ​have​ ​C-C​ ​and​ ​C-H​ ​single​ ​covalent​ ​bonds
    ● C​n​H​2n+2​​ ​is​ ​the​ ​general​ ​formula​ ​e.g.​ ​ethane​ ​is​ ​C2​​ H​6
    ● Alkane​ ​molecules​ ​can​ ​be​ ​represented​ ​in​ ​the​ ​following​ ​forms:

    ● The​ ​first​ ​4​ ​alkanes​ ​are​ ​methane,​ ​ethane,​ ​propane​ ​and​ ​butane​ ​(MEPB:​ ​Monkeys
    Eat​ ​Peanut​ ​Butter)

    (Extended​ ​only)​ ​Describe​ ​substitution​ ​reactions​ ​of​ ​alkanes​ ​with​ ​chlorine

    ● Halogen​ ​+​ ​alkane​ ​–(UV)->​ ​halogenoalkane​ ​+​ ​hydrogen​ ​halide


    o e.g.​ ​Br​2​​ ​+​ ​C2​​ H​6​​ ​ ​-(UV)->​ ​C2​​ H​5​Br​ ​+​ ​HBr
    ● Must​ ​be​ ​in​ ​the​ ​presence​ ​of​ ​ultraviolet​ ​radiation​ ​(UV)

    www.pmt.education

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