SCENARIO 1 : Effective communication skills in the making..

STEP 1 :

1. General practicioner : the person that do the practition in the medical institution

2. Micro skills :

 communication skills from doctor to patient to help us make interaction skills

 process basic skills in communication

3. Listening skills : the ability of person for listening a patient problem

4. Emphaty : the ability to understand and feel the feeling and thoughts of others

5. Message : the information from one person to other person

6. Communication skills : the ability to convey information to another effectivelly and

eficiently.

7. Attending behavior :

 respect from a person to the other person and environment

 To trigger the patient to talk freely at large may

8. Body language :

 body reaction with movement part of body

 give some message with part of body

9. Anamnesis :

the process to gather the information from patient

The case history of a patient

To do by the doctor

Data collection is done by doctor

The early stage of medicine examination using conducted from doctor to the patient to
get best therapy

10. Nausea : sensation or reaction of discomfort in upper abdomen following with urgger to
vommit
LEARNING ISSUE

Anamnesis

1. What the purpose of anamnesis ?

 For collect the patient's clinical history

 to collect subjective and objective data of patients
 to aid accurate diagnosis (Ramani, 2004)

http://els.fkik.umy.ac.id/pluginfile.php?file=/8308/mod_forum/post/46685/handout%20supleme
n%20anamnesis%20blok%203.pptx.

the purpose of anamnesis is to get a more history of the patient concerned. Information in
question is organobiologis medical data, psychosocial and environmental pasien. information
obtained from interviews with patients will usually contribute more to solving a problem rather
than information obtained from physical examination or test diagnostik.

http://kurfak2005.fk.ui.ac.id/Catatan_Medik_Berorientasi_Masalah_2009.pdf.

2. How does the doctor make a good anamnesis ?

Good anamnesis should refer to the question of systematic with guided by four main
ideas (The Fundamental Four) and seven pearls anamnesis (The Sacred Seven).
What is meant by the four main ideas, is doing history in a way search data:
1. Disease History Now (RPS)
2. Past history of disease (RPD)
3. Family Health History
4. Social and Economic History
Before doing further anamnesis, the first to be asked is identity of the patient, for example:
name, age, sex, race, marital status, religion and occupation,etc.

http://fk.uns.ac.id/static/file/Manual_Semester_II-2012.pdf

3. What is the kind of anamnesis ?

a. Auto-anamnesis (the patient's own)

b. Hetero history / Allo-anamnesis (the people who know about the patient's condition is
considered)
Alloanamnesis :
 Patient unconscious / comatose
 Patients suffering mute / deaf or aphasia
 People with babies / children
 People with mental disorders
 http://els.fkik.umy.ac.id/pluginfile.php?file=/8308/mod_forum/post/46685/handout%20supleme
n%20anamnesis%20blok%203.pptx

4. What is the different of micro skills and communication skills for get a good anamnesis ?

5. Why the anamnesis is needed ?

Anamnesis or interview is the first step in the proceedings must be taken to make a diagnosis.
Collect a complete history of the disease is an important step to understand and grasp the
patient at hand. History taking is a part that can be understood and understood by every
patient. The steps should be taken to make a diagnosis, but it has a different meaning in the
diagnostic process.

http://kedokteran.unsoed.ac.id/Files/labskill/KomunikasiEfektifdanAnamnesis.pdf

Communication skills

1. How we can develop our effective communiative skills ?

to develop our communication skills, can be done by :

 Be the first to introduce yourself . Be the first to say " hi " and reached out to shake
hands . Or at least , be the first to nod his head and smile , if not impossible to shake .
 If possible , always smiling every time to other people .
 Maintain eye contact while talking . But if it makes you feel uncomfortable , look just
part of their eyes, they will not know . Never mind if you want to look away for a
moment , but make sure they remain the primary focus .
 To improve the ability to communicate , listen , listen , and listen . People will know
when you actually listen and respond to their conversation .
 Do not interrupt ! This is a very important. Let them finish the sentence , do not ever
cut . Even if you feel very tempted to do. Therefore , by cutting conversation, make
them feel at underestimate .
 Do not correct . When someone says something is wrong , or wrong in terms of
understanding the facts , do not feel the need to fix it . Unless it concerns the main
topic . Often people feel the need to be left feeling self-righteous . It's to prevent the
situation so tense and uncomfortable .
 Let them tell you. When someone feels the need to tell you something , Even if you
actually already know . Let him find out from you first . Therefore , it would make
her happy and feel better .
 For many people , the most beautiful word in the world is ... his first name . So,
frequently mentioning his name while talking or communicating with him .
  Choose wisely use the word . Because, once rolled , the words can not be retracted .
Uttered ma'af also not much point . So be careful !
 Never criticize , condemn , or complain . Therefore , it would rule out the possibility
of people to open up .
 Talk about the things that he thought interesting . By nature , human beings are
selfish . So , he just wanted to hear if it's important and beneficial to himself

http://skp.unair.ac.id/repository/Guru-Indonesia/CaraMenambahKemamp_SriUtami_12181.pdf

2. what is the benefit become a communicative doctor ?

Effective communication can facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of a doctor determines
that the patient should be done properly, so that errors and negative things that might happen
can be avoided. In addition, with the effective communication between doctor-patient
chemistry and family can be created so as to accelerate the healing process in the patient who
had felt comfortable with the doctor.

http://doktermuslimyonirazer.blogspot.com/2012/11/komunikasi-efektif.html?m=1

3. How to be a good listener ?

According to Cole there are several ways to be a good listener, which are:

 Develop patience. Give attention to who is speaking.

 Listen to understand what people are really saying
 Listen, do not oppose
 "Give back" what has been heard to verify the declarer
 Speaker meaning or feeling them with our words
 Redirecting body towards the speaker
 Maintain eye contact
 Nodding and expressed for example with the phrase .. "mmmm .." or "yes, yes ..”

http://filsafat.kompasiana.com/2010/06/22/belajar-menjadi-pendengar-yang-baik-
174545.html

 Accept what the patients and treat patients individually

 Listen to the things spoken by the patient and how to declare and pay attention to
tone of voice, the words used, facial expressions and body language
 Put yourself in the patient's perspective (empathy)
 Give a talk time delay to allow the patient to think, ask something and talk
 Repeat the things that you hear so patients know that you are understand
  Avoid movements that can disrupt communications nets and look at the patient
when he speaks

http://books.google.co.id/books?id=KEaaty0BDdMC&pg=PA15&lpg=PA13&ots=cp
Pmt6BatZ&focus=view&port&dq=komunikasi+efektif+seorang+dokter&output=htm
l_text

4. What are the disadvantages of communicative skills ?

5. The advantages and disadvantages of emphaty ?

Advantages :

 can control our emotions

 can make us more friendly to others
 more successful in building relationships
 Awareness about the importance of other people's feelings and their own feelings
help us value the opinions and values of others who are different, without feeling
threatened by differences

http://staff.uny.ac.id/sites/default/files/mami%20hajaroh/KECERDASAN%20EMOSIONAl%20
dalam%20PAI.pdf.

Disadvantages :

6. What is the relation of doctor and communicatin skills ?

The physician-patient relationship forms the core of the practice of internal medicine.
Many physicians view it as the most satisfying aspect of their work. The medical interview
and the relationship between physician and patient are important diagnostic and therapeutic
tools. Effective communication skills are needed for a physician to serve as an effective
patient advocate. Communication skills also are needed to address patient concerns and
requests. Proficiency in communicating with patients results in increased patient and
physician satisfaction, increased adherence to therapy, and reduced risk of malpractice
claims.

http://www.med.unc.edu/medclerk/resources/cdim-sgim-guide/communication-relationships-
with-patients-colleagues

7. How to become communicative doctor ?

To become a communicative doctor can be use the approach proposed by Kurzt (1998);
  Disease centered communication style or doctor-centered communication style.
Communication is based on the interests of doctors in an attempt to make a diagnosis,
including investigation and clinical reasoning regarding signs and symptoms.
 Illness or patient centered communication style centered communication style.
Communication is based on what is perceived by the patient about the disease
individual is a unique experience. Here, including the patients, concerns, hopes, what is
the importance and what thinking.

With this capability, clinicians are expected to understand the expectations, interests,
concerns, and needs of patients

http://inamc.or.id/download/Manual%20Komunikasi%20Efektif.pdf.

8. What is the problem to be a communicative doctor ?

Barriers to socio-anthropological-psychological

a. sociological barriers

German sociologist Ferdinand Tonnies named classifies society into two types which he
called Gemeinschaft and gesellschaft . Gemeinschaft is social life that is private , static , and
rational , as in life tanngga home ; whereas gesellschaft social life is a personal , dynamic ,
and rational , such as promiscuity in the office or in the organization .

Because the society was divided into groups and layers , causing differences in social
status , religion , ideology , level of education , level of wealth , and so on , all of it into
the barriers in communicating and this is referred to in the sociological barriers .

b . barriers anthropological

Humans , although similar to each other in kind as being " homo sapiens " , but
different in many ways doomed . In such communication , the communicators launched a
communication he would succeed if he knew who the communicant in the sense of ' who '
here is not about the name , but a race , nation , or what tribe is the communicant . By getting
to know him , get to know their culture well , lifestyle and norms of life , habits and
language.

We need to know the communication runs smoothly if a message is delivered

communicator by communicant received completely , which is received in terms of received
or sensual , and in the sense accepted or spiritual . Communication technology without the
support of culture will not work .

c . psychological barriers
 Psychological factors are often a barrier in communication. This umunnya due to an
efficient communication sikomunikator not first examine the communicant.
Communication is difficult to succeed when the communicants are sad, confused, angry,
disappointed, envy, and other psychological conditions; also if communication
prejudice to the communicator.

Prejudice is one tough obstacle for communication activities , because people are
prejudiced yet nothing is being opposed communicator . Especially if it is rooted prejudice , a
person no longer think objectively , and what is seen or heard is always judged negatively .
Prejudice as a psychological factor may be caused by antropologisdan sociological aspects ;
may occur against racial , ethnic nations , religions , political parties , groups and what is the
incentive for someone due to his experience had given a bad impression .

With regard to the factors that are inhibiting communication sociological - anthropological
- psychological problem is this is how we overcome efforts . The fix is to familiarize yourself
with the communicants assess the psychological condition before communication occurs ,
and be empathetic to the communicant .

2 . semantic barriers

If the sociological barriers - anthropological - psychological contained in the

communicant , the semantic constraints contained in the communicator . Factor
semantically communicators regarding the language used as a tool to channel his
thoughts and feelings to the communicant . In order for the communication process was
running good a communicator premises hareus really pay attention to the semantic disorder ,
because one can say or write any misunderstanding or misinterpretation , which could in turn
, lead to miscommunication .

Semantic disorder also sometimes caused by the anthropological aspects , ie the same
words sound and writing , but have different meanings . Sometimes miscommunication
caused by improper choice of words , the communication should use words that can be
understood or denotative .

So to eliminate the semantic barriers in communication , the communicators must

mengucapakan clear and decisive question , choose words that do not cause a misperception ,
and disususn in sentences that can be understood .

3 . mechanical barriers

Mechanical obstacles encountered on the media used in the conduct of

communication . For example : voice phones that are less obvious , the news is hard to find
a newspaper column connections , the picture is less clear in the air television and others.
 Barriers on some media may not be overcome by the communicator but usually need people
who are experts in the field as a technician .

4 . ecological barriers

Ecological barriers occur by the environmental impact on the ongoing process of

communication . An example is the noisy sound ( noise ) of people or traffic , the sound of
rain or lightning , aircraft noise and others. To avoid this obstacle , the communicator must
seek a place of communication that is free of distractions such as those mentioned earlier .

http://doktermuslimyonirazer.blogspot.com/2012/11/komunikasi-efektif.html?m=1

9. How to develope micro skills of communication ?

10. When communication skills is needed ?

communication skills needed in everyday activities. without us knowing it when we talk

to others we use our communication skills. without communication skill we will have
difficulty in talking with other people. in the medical field, communication skills needed
when patients come to complain of symptoms they experienced and to make a diagnosis,
including clinical investigations and reasoning about the signs and symptoms.

http://xa.yimg.com/kq/groups/23470534/1674492418/name/DASARDASAR+KOMUNIKA
SI+EFEKTIF.ppt.

11. What is basic of communication skill ?

Communication is the process of sending and receiving messages,either verbally or non-verbally,

between people. As this is a continuous process, it will affect the relationships that exist between
people who are communicating with each other. Developing effective communication skills cannot
be left to chance. It requires experiences that provide opportunities to observe, practice and give
and get feedback from others. Basic of Communication skills include

 empathy building and active listening

 giving and receiving feedback
 verbal and non-verbal communication
 assertion and refusal skills
 negotiation
 cooperation and teamwork
 relationship and community-building skills

http://www.iom.int/jahia/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/shared/mainsite/activities/health/pandemic_manu
al.pdf.
12. How do the communication ?

 Sending The Message:

Person 1 constructs and sends a message. Messages are the signals and symbols that we use
to convey what we want to transmit. They can occur in various ways, including visual (non-
verbal, written), auditory (verbal and sub-vocalspeech), tactile (touch, bodily contact) and
olfactory (perfumes, aftershaves) formats.

 The Channel:
In Clampitt’s (2005) model, this refers to the means used to deliver messages and the
related formats. Means used to communicate can include face to face, telephone,
pager,written, radio and video communication. In face to face communication, which is
most often preferred for communication of more important matters, communication occurs
through visual, auditory and olfactory formats, while the tactile medium may or may not be
used. Skilled communicators will choose the channel most appropriateto the specific goals
sought at that time.

 Receiving the Message:

For effective communication to take place, the message must be accurately decoded and
reconstructed by person 2, from the signals received from person 1. However, evenif the
"encoding" is carried out very well; this in itself doesnot ensure that it will be "decoded"
accurately. The meaning a scribed to the message may vary according to the persondoing
the interpreting, the context in which the message was given and the total information
communicated.

 Feedback:
Person 2 responds to person 1, and this message is received by person 1 as feedback.
Again, feedback comprises both the verbal and non-verbal messages of others, and allows
us to evaluate how the message hasbeen understood and the response to it. Actively
listening to feedback is a key skill in effective communication, and will beexplored in more
detail in Section 2.

 Context:
A significant point to note is that communication never occurs in a vacuum.
Communication is inextricably linked to the particular context in which it occurs, which in
turn has a major impact upon behaviour. Clampitt (2005 p.36) notes that ‘context basically
functions as the background for the content, much like a canvas for a painting’.
  Noise:
The term ‘noise’ describes anything that can interfere with or distort the meaning of a
message. Dickson (1999) has identified a number of such barriers or common sources of
noise, which can affect communication accuracy and effectiveness

http://cw.routledge.com/textbooks/9780415537902/data/learning/11_Communication%20Skills.pdf.

13. When we use communication skills ?

when making the diagnosis, including clinical investigations and reasoning about the
signs and symptoms.

http://xa.yimg.com/kq/groups/23470534/1674492418/name/DASARDASAR+KOMUNIKA
SI+EFEKTIF.ppt.

14. What is islamic communication ?

Al-Quran calls communication as one of human nature . To find out how people should
communicate , Al-Qur'an gives some keywords ( keyconcept ) associated with it . Al -
Syaukani in Fath al - Qadir tafsir al - Syaukani works , such as keyword defines al - bayan as
the ability to communicate . Additionally , the keyword used Al-Qur'an to the
communication is al - qaul . Al-Qur'an does not discuss in detail the principles of
communication , but in Al-Qur'an Allah has given various examples that indirectly suggest
we be able to communicate well , especially the Prophet has pointed out to us . The word '
communication ' comes from the Latin , communicatio , and comes from the word that means
the same cummunis , meaning the same meaning . That is, if a communication is said to be
communicative between each other understand the language used , and understanding of
what is discussed . In the communication process, at least, there are three elements , namely
communicators , media and communicant.

http://ejournalwacana.com/pdf/janmar2013/dian.pdf.