KELOMPOK 3

1. Kevin Renaldi (17644002)

2. Ayuni Indrawati (17644018)
3. Nur Widiya Pratiwi (17644020)
4. Mustafa Ahmad Kamil (17644021)
5. Setyo Enggeal Saputro (17644024)
6. Dandy Maulana Abraham (17644035)
7. Delisa Adelia (17644042)
8. Ismiradj (17644060)

Double Pipe Lube Oil—Crude Oil Exchanger. 6,900 lb/hr of a 26°API lube oil must be
cooled from 450 to 350°F by 70,000 lb/hr of 34°API mid-continent crude oil. The crude
oil will be heated from 300 to 310°F.
A fouling factor of 0.003 should be provided for each stream, and the allowable pressure
drop on each stream will be 10 psi.
A number of 20-ft hairpins of 4–by 3-in. IPS pipe are available. How many must be used,
and how shall they be arranged? The viscosity of the crude oil may be obtained from Fig.
14. For the lube oil, viscosities are 1.4 centipoises at 500°F, 3.0 at 400°F, and 7.7 at
300°F. These viscosities are great enough to introduce an error if (μ/μw)0,14 = 1 is
assumed.
Jawab :
(1) Heat Balance:
Lobe oil, Q = 6900 × 0.62(450 — 350) = 427,000 Btu/hr
Crude oil, Q = 70,000 × 0.585(310 — 300) = 409,500 Btu/hr
(2) LMTD(Δt):
Hot fluid Cold Fluid Diff.
450 Higher Temp 310 140 Δt2
350 Lower Temp 300 50 Δt1
90 Δt2- Δt1

It will be impossible to put the 70,000 lb /hr of crude into a single pipe or annulus, since
the flow area of each is too small. Assume, as a trial, that it will be employed in two
parallel streams.
Δt2− Δt1
t =2,3 log Δt2/Δt1 = 87.5°F [Eq.6.35a]

(3) Caloric tempratures:

∆𝑡𝑐 50
= = 0.357, 𝐾𝑐 = 0,43, 𝐹𝑐 = 0.395 [FIG 17]
∆𝑡ℎ 140
𝑇𝑐 = 350 𝑥 0.395 (450 − 350) = 389.5℉ [Eq.5.28]
𝑡𝑐 = 300 𝑥 0.395 (310 − 300) = 304℉ [Eq.5.29]
Proceed now to the inner pipe and anulus

Hot fluid: annulus, lube oil

(4’) Flow area,
4.026
𝐷2 = = 0.335 𝑓𝑡
12

3.5
𝐷1 = = 0.292 𝑓𝑡
12

𝜋(𝐷22 − 𝐷12 ) 𝜋(0.3352 − 0.2922 )

𝑎𝑎 = = = 0.0212 𝑓𝑡
4 4
2 2
(𝐷 −𝐷 )
Equiv diam, 𝐷𝑒 = 2𝐷 1 [𝐸𝑞. (6.3)]
1
= (0.3352 − 0.2922 )/0.199 = 0.1396 𝑓𝑡
𝑊 6900 𝑙𝑏
(5’) Massa vel, 𝐺𝑎 = 𝑎 = 0,0212 = 325471,7 (ℎ𝑟)(𝑓𝑡 2 )
𝑎
(6’) At 389,5℉, 𝜇 = 3.0 𝑐𝑝
= 3.0 x 2.42 = 7.25 lb/(ft)(hr) [Fig.14]
𝐷𝑒 𝐺𝑎 0.1396𝑥325471,7
𝑅𝑒𝑎 = = = 6267 [Eq. 3.6)
𝜇 7.25

If only 2 hairpins in series are required, L/D will be 2 x 40/0.1396 = 573, Use L/D= 600.

(7’) jH = 21,5 [Fig. 24]

(8’) At 𝑇𝑐 = 389.5 ℉, c= 0.615 Btu/(lb)(℉) [Fig.4]
k = 0.067 Btu/(hr)(𝑓𝑡 2 )(℉/𝑓𝑡) [𝐹𝑖𝑔. 1]
1 1
𝑐𝜇 3 0.615 𝑥 7.25 3
(𝑘) = ( 0.067 ) = 4.05

1
𝑘 𝑐𝜇 3
(9’) ℎ𝑜 = 𝑗𝐻 ( 𝑘 ) 𝜙𝑎 [Eq.6.15]
𝐷𝑐
ℎ𝑜 21.5 𝑥 0.067 𝑥 4.05 𝐵𝑡𝑢
= = 41.79 (ℎ𝑟)(𝑓𝑡 2 )(℉)
𝜙𝑎 0.1396

Cold fluid: inner pipe, crude oil

(4) Flow area, D = 3.068/12 = 0.256 ft
 𝜋𝐷 2 0.2562
𝑎𝑝 = = 𝜋𝑥 = 0.0515 𝑓𝑡 2
4 4
𝜔 𝑙𝑏
since two parallel streams have been assumed, will flow in each pipe.
2 ℎ𝑟

𝜔 70000 𝑙𝑏
(5) Mass vel, 𝐺𝑝 = 𝑎 = = 679611.6505 (ℎ𝑟)(𝑓𝑡 2 )
𝑝 2 𝑥 0.0515
(6) At 304 ℉, 𝜇 = 0.83 𝑐𝑝
𝜇 = 0.83 x 2.42 = 2.01 lb/(ft)(hr) [Fig. 14]
𝐷𝐺𝑃 0.256 𝑥 679611.6505
𝑅𝑒𝑝 = = = 86557.5
𝜇 2.01
(7) jH = 250 [Fig.24]
(8) At 𝑡𝑐 = 304℉, c = 0.585 Btu/(lb)(℉) [Fig. 4]

k= 0.073 Btu/(hr)(𝑓𝑡 2 )(℉/𝑓𝑡) [Fig.1]

1 1
𝑐𝜇 3 0.585𝑥 2.01 3
(𝑘) = ( 0.073 ) = 2.52

1
𝑐𝜇 3𝑘
(9) ℎ𝑖 = 𝑗𝐻 𝐷 ( 𝑘 ) 𝜙𝑝 [Eq.6.15a]
ℎ𝑖 250 𝑥 0.073 𝑥 2.52 𝐵𝑡𝑢
= = 180 (ℎ𝑟)(𝑓𝑡 2 )(℉)
𝜙𝑝 0.256

ℎ
𝑖𝑜 ℎ𝑖 𝐼𝐷 180𝑥3.068
(10) 𝜙𝑝 = 𝜙𝑝 𝑥 = = 157
𝑂𝐷 3.5

Now proceed from (4’) to (9’) to obtain 𝑡𝑤

ℎ𝑜 /𝜙𝑎
𝑡𝑤 = 𝑡𝑐 + ℎ𝑖𝑜 ℎ𝑜 (𝑇𝑐 − 𝑡𝑐 ) [Eq. 5.31]
+
𝜙𝑝 𝜙𝑎
41.79
= 304 + 157+41.79 (389.5 − 304) = 322℉

Hot fluid: annulus, lube oil

𝑙𝑏
𝐴𝑡 322 ℉, 𝜇𝑤 = 6.5 𝑥 2.42 = 16.0 (𝑓𝑡)(ℎ𝑟) [Fig. 14]
𝜇
𝜙𝑂 = (𝜇 )0.14 = (7.25/16)0.14 = 0.9 [Fig.24]
𝑤
ℎ𝑜
ℎ𝑜 = 𝜙𝑎 = 41.79 𝑥 0.90 = 37.611 [Eq. 6.36]
𝜙𝑎

Cold fluid: inner pipe, crude oil

𝑙𝑏
𝐴𝑡 322 ℉, 𝜇𝑤 = 0.725 𝑥 2.42 = 1.75 (𝑓𝑡)(ℎ𝑟) [Fig.14]
𝜇
𝜙𝑝 = (𝜇 )0.14 = (2.01/1.75)0.14 = 1.0 𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑙𝑦 [Fig.24]
𝑤
 ℎ𝑖𝑜
ℎ𝑖𝑜 = = 157 𝑥 1.0 = 157
𝜙𝑝

(11) Clean overall coefficient, Uc:

ℎ .ℎ 157 𝑥 37.611 𝐵𝑡𝑢
Uc = ℎ 𝑖𝑜+ℎ𝑜 = 157+37.611 = 30.0 (ℎ𝑟)(𝑓𝑡 2 )(℉)
𝑖𝑜 𝑜

(12) design overall coefficient, 𝑈𝐷 :

1 1
= 𝑈 + 𝑅𝑑
𝑈𝐷 𝑐

𝑅𝑑 = Rdi + Rdo = 0.003 + 0.003 = 0.006 (hr)(𝑓𝑡 2 )(℉)/𝐵𝑡𝑢

1 1
= + 0.006
𝑈𝐷 30

𝑈𝐷 = 25.4

Summary
37.6 h outside 157
𝑈𝑐 30.0
𝑈𝐷 25.4

(13) Surface :
409500
A = Q/𝑈𝐷 ∆𝑡 = = 184,25 𝑓𝑡 2
25.4 𝑥 87.5

External surface/lin ft, a” = 0.917 ft2 / lin ft [Table 11]

184,25
Required length = 0.917 = 200,93 𝑙𝑖𝑛 𝑓𝑡

This is equivaled to move than four 20-ft hairpins or 160 lin feet. Since two parallel
streams are employed, use six hairpins or 240 lin.feet. The hairpins should have the
annuli connected in series and the tubes in two parallel banks of three exchangers.
The corrected 𝑈𝐷 will be 𝑈𝐷 = Q/A∆𝑡= 409500/240×0.917×87.5 =21,265
The corrected dirt factor will be 𝑅𝑑 = 1/𝑈𝐷 − 1/𝑈𝑐 = 1/22.2 – 1/30 = 0.0117.

PRESSURE DROP

Hot fluid: annulus, lube oil

(1’) 𝐷′ 𝑒 = 𝐷2 − 𝐷1 = (0.335 − 0.292) = 0.043 𝑓𝑡 [Eq.6.4]

325471.7
𝑅𝑒′𝑎 = 𝐷′𝑒 𝐺𝑎 /𝜇 = 0.043 x 7.25 = 1930

0.264
f = 0.0035 + 19300.42 = 0.0145 [Eq. 3.47b]
26°API lube oil  sg = 0.775, 𝜌 = 62.5 𝑥 0.775 = 48.4 [Fig. 6]

4𝑓𝐺𝑎 2 𝐿𝑎 4𝑥0.0145𝑥325472.72 𝑥240

(2’) ∆𝐹𝑎 = = = 17.5 𝑓𝑡
2𝑔𝜌2 𝐷′𝑒 2𝑥4.18𝑥108 𝑥48.42 𝑥0.043
𝐺𝑎 325472.7
(3’) V = 3600𝜌 = 3600 𝑥 48.4 = 1.88 𝑓𝑝𝑠 (feet per sekon)
𝑉2 1.882
∆𝐹𝑡 = 8 (2𝑔′ ) = 8 (2𝑥32.2) = 0.44 𝑓𝑡
(17.5+0.44)𝑥 48.4
∆𝑃𝑎 = = 6.03 psi
144
Allowable ∆𝑃𝑎 = 10.0 psi

Cold fluid: inner pipe, crude oil

𝐷𝐺 0.256 𝑥 679611.6505
(1) 𝑅𝑒𝑝 = 𝜇 𝑃 = = 86557.5
2.01

For 𝑅𝑒𝑝 = 86557,5 𝑖𝑛 (6)𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒

0.264
f = 0.0035 + 86557,50.42 = 0.005728 [Eq. 3.47b]

34°API mid-continent crude oil  sg = 0.76, 𝜌 = 62.5 𝑥 0.76 = 47.5 [Fig. 6]

Halves of the tube fluids will flow through only three exchangers

4𝑓𝐺𝑝 2 𝐿𝑝 4 𝑥 0.005728 𝑥 679611.65052 𝑥120

(2’) ∆𝐹𝑝 = = = 2.63 𝑓𝑡
2𝑔𝜌2 𝐷 2 𝑥 4.18𝑥108 𝑥 47.52 𝑥 0.256

2.63 𝑥 47.5
∆𝑃𝑝 = = 0.87 psi ≈ 0.9 psi Type equation here.
144

Allowable ∆𝑃𝑝 = 10.0 psi

∆𝑃𝑎 = 6.03 psi

∆𝑃𝑝 = 0.9 psi
Rd = 0.006 (hr)(𝑓𝑡 2 )(℉)/𝐵𝑡𝑢

Jadi kesimpulannya ukuran diameter pipa 4 tersebut dapat digunakan untuk HE double
pipe karena tekanannya masih di bawah 10 psi dan faktor pengotornya masih 0,6%.