Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
WORD PROCESSOR
Word processor is an electronic device that is primarily
designed for word processing activities i.e. it cannot carry out
any other job than processing a words. The word processor of a
computer is always situated within the CPU (Central
Processing Unit of the Computer).
WORD WRAPPING
This is the automatic flow of text from one line to anther and
from one page to another without being controlled by the user.
This feature excludes the need to insert page(s) into a
document should the current page be full. You only use the
enter key when you have reached the end of a paragraph, in the
case, you probably have a short line or where you want to
begin a new paragraph or create a space between paragraphs.
Microsoft word
Word perfect
Notepad
Adobe page maker
WordStar
WordPad
Corel Word Perfect
1
INTRODUCTION TO MICROSOFT WORD
Memos
Report
Letters and pleadings
Publications
Legal pleadings
Web pages
GETTING STARTED
Accessing Microsoft Word
Microsoft word can be accessed in several ways.
1. Double-click MS-Word icon on the desktop of your computer,
if you have the program icon on the desktop.
2. Click on the program icon on the desktop press ENTER on the
keyboard.
3. click on start button on the task bar, point to All Programs,
Click on MS-Word
4. Right-Click on the MS-Word icon on the desktop, click Open.
If you cannot find Microsoft word on your program list, check for
it by pointing to Microsoft office, (N.B: Your program location
depends on individual system settings).
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as the standard tool bar to the various features and options that are
available le to the main menu bar options.
CURSOR MOVEMENT
To move around a document, we can simply move the cursor
through directional keys on the keyboard or mouse. However,
you can only move the cursor beyond any final text position
with either the space bar or the inter key (this takes you to
another line)
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Scroll or move within documents
To move up, down, to the right or left of the screen you can
use the scroll bar.
To move left or right, use the directional arrows on the
scroll bar at the bottom of your screen, (i.e. the bar above
your status bar)
To move up or down, use the directional arrows on the
scroll bar to the right of your screen.
You can also use the directional arrows on the keyboard as
follows:
Move the cursor to the right
Move the cursor to the left
PG UP moves up the cursor a page at a time
PG DN move down the cursor a page at a
time down.
TO SAVE A DOCUMENT
Saving a document can be in two ways:
To save a file for the first time (i.e. a file that hasn’t being
saved)
Click file from the menu bar
Click on save as
Type a name for your document in the filename
Select drive where you want to save the document in the
look-in box.
Click ok
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If you wish to save your document on a different drive from
that already specified, you could do so by clicking the driver’s
arrow under directories and selecting your desired drive name.
E.g. drive A:
COPYING
Copy can be use to duplicate a highlighted text. To highlight
(i.e. to select) a text, posit8*ion mouse pointer at your starting
or ending text position, hold down the mouse button and drag
over the text. Release your hand from the mouse when you get
to the beginning or end of your text depending on your starting
position.
HOW TO COPY A TEXT;
1. Highlight the text.
2. Click edit from the menu bar.
3. Click copy
4. Move your cursor to where you want the text to appear
5. Click Edith
6. Click paste
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HOW TO CANCEL ANY COMMAND
You may wish to undo the effect of a previously entered
command by,
1. Click edit from the menu bar.
2. Click undo. Or
3. Click undo icon on the standard tool bar
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documents and return to your windows environment. To exit
the program,
1. Click file.
2. Click Exit.
3. Click Yes
TO CLOSE A DOCUMENT
You can use the following steps if you want to want to close a
program without leaving the Microsoft Word environment.
1. Click File.
2. Click Close.
OR
7. Click on the font type button on the Formatting tool bar
8. Specify the font type of your choice.
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TO SET FONT SIZE
1. Highlight the text
2. Click Format on the menu bar
3. Click font, on the dialogue box that displays.
4. Click font tab (if not active)
5. Click font size button and specify the font size of your
choice
6. Click Ok
OR
7. Click the font size button on the Formatting tool bar
8. Specify the font size of your choice.
8
TO REMOVE BULLETS
TO ENTER ADDRESS
Position the cursor to the left of your page
Type in your address (es)
Use the Tab key to move the address (es) line by line
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TO APPLY SUPERSCRIPT
Highlight the text
Click format menu
Click font
Click superscript
Click OK
TO REMOVE SUPERSCRIPT
TO REMOVE SUBSCRIPT
Highlight the text
Click format menu
Click font
Click subscript
Click OK
TO INSERT OBJECTS
Click insert menu
Click Object
Specify the type of object of your choice
Choose from among the options
Click OK
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TO APPLY AUTOSHAPE
Click Insert menu
Point to Picture
Click AutoShapes
Specify the AutoShape of your choice
Click and draw in your document
OR
Click AutoShapes on the drawing tool bar
Specify the AutoShape of your choice
Click and draw in your document
HOW TO ADD TEXT TO AUTOSHAPES
Right click the AutoShape
Click Add text
Type in your text
Press Enter on the keyboard (to make paragraph)
TO REMOVE SHADOW
4. Click the object/artistic text to select it
5. Click the shadow icon on the Drawing tool bar
6. Click No Shadow.
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TO COLOUR SHADOW
Highlight the text or object
Click the shadow icon on the Drawing tool bar
Click shadow settings
Click Shadow Color button
Specify the color of your choice
TO SHADE TEXT
Highlight the text
Click Format menu
Click Borders and Shading
Click Shading tab
Click on style to specify shading percentage
Specify the color
Specify the pattern of fill
Click on apply to specify whether to shade text only or
paragraph
Click OK
TO EMBOSS TEXT
Highlight the text
Click on Format menu
Click Font
Click Emboss
Click OK
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TO REMOVE EMBOSS TEXT
Highlight the text
Click on Format menu
Click font
Click Emboss
Click OK
TO ENGRAVE TEXT
Highlight the text
Click on Format menu
Click Font
Click Engrave
Click OK
TO REMOVE ENGRAVING
Highlight the text
Click on Format Menu
Click Font
Click Engrave
Click OK
TO SAVE IN A DISKETTE
Insert diskette corresponding drive
Click on File from the menu bar
Click Save As
Click on the Save In box, and choose 31/2 Floppy (A :)
Type the file name in the File name box
Specify the Save As Type
Click OK
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Choose a theme
Click OK
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TO OPEN A FILE SAVED WITH A PASSWORD
Click on file from the menu bar
Click Open
Specify the drive and folder where the file is
Click on the file name
Click Open
Enter password to open file
Click OK
Enter password to modify
Click OK
TO DELETE A PASSWORD
With the file already open, click File
Click Save As
Click Tools
Click General Options Or Security Options
Delete the password to open, and the password to modify
Click OK
Click Save
TO TYPE ON AN ENVELOP
Click Tools menu
Point to Letter and Mailing
Click Envelopes and Labels
Click Labels tab Or envelopes depending on the one you want
Type the Delivery and Return Addresses in the respective boxes
Click Print
OR
Click on File menu
Click Page Setup
Click paper size
Click Specify the size of envelope of your choice
Click OK
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Tables are made up of cells. A Cell is made up of one
intersecting box between a row and a column. A Cell, Row or
Column specification can Reference various operations with a
table.
TO CREATE A TABLE
Move your cursor to where you want the table to appear
Click Table menu.
Click Insert table
Type the number of columns and of rows you want (you can
use the
arrows).
Click Ok.
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DISPLAYING/HIDE TABLE GRIDLINES
When you create a table and you cannot see any dotted lines as
mentioned earlier, you can give a sequence of commands that will
display them accordingly. The command includes:
Click tables
Click show gridlines or hide table. (if shows and you want to
hide)
SHADINGS IN A TABLE
Shaded areas that will enhance our presentations can be placed in
tables. Various degrees of shades have been specified. We can
choose any shade that will suit our purpose. To do this,
Click format
Click borders and shading
Click shading tab (if this option is not selected presently).
Select the shade of your choice.
Click Ok.
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TO SPLIT COLUMN CELLS
Click table
Click split cells.
Specify the number of columns that you want the cell to be split
into.
Click Ok.
NB: To split entire columns make sure the columns are sleeted.
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TO INCREASE OR DECREASE THE COLUMN WIDTH
MANUALLY
Move your mouse pointer to the line you want to move until
your mouse pointer changes to sign.
Drag to increase or reduce the column width
TO SPLIT CELLS
Select the cells you want to split
Click on Table menu
Click on Split
TO MERGE CELLS
Select the cells you will merge
Click Table menu
Click merge
NUMBERING PAGES
To give your page numbers,
Click Insert menu.
Click Page Numbers
Select your page number position (bottom of page or Top of
page)
Select your alignment position (as above if current setting is not
suitable for you ).
If you want to Show Number on the first page, click Show
Number on First page (if the option is not ticked)
Click Ok
N.B: You can change the page numbers format to become letters or
roman figure (i.e A, B, C or I, ii, iii) if you wish. To do this,
Click on Insert menu
Click page numbers
Click format
Click on number format button
Make your necessary selection
Click Ok
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TO CHECK YOUR SPELLINGS
The version of the Microsoft word program on windows 2000
can check your spellings as you are typing or inputting your
text. Microsoft Word has an in-built dictionary, which it uses to
check words as you input your text. Any word that is not found
in its dictionary is assumed to have been incorrectly spelt.
However, you can build your dictionary or add words of your
choice to the Microsoft word dictionary. This will reduce the
number of incorrectly spelt words that you may have in the
course of typing your text. You can check your preciously typed
document spelling by doing the following:
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Click Find.
Type the word you want to find in the box.
Click Replace Tab.
Type the text you want to replace with in the replace with box.
Click Replace Button.
Click find next (to confirm a replacement).
Click replacement (if it is appropriate) of click find next (if it
isn’t).
Or if the words are uniquely defined,
Click Replace All.
N.B: You may also have to specify some additional conditions to
make your search easy. To do this for any suitable option, Click
the box beside your choice.
LOOKING UP WORDS
Looking up words is a feature of the Microsoft word processing
program that allows us to check for synonyms, Antonyms and
related words for any specified word. When you need another
word to enhance and improve your word processing
presentations this is a handy tool to rely on. The commands that
you need to carry out to check various words includes:
Select the word to look up
Click Tools Menu
Point to language
Click Thesaurus.
Specify the word that you want to look up
Specify the synonym or Antonym or Related word replacement.
Click look up to see more options
Click Replace to change word.
GRAMMAR CHECKS
Grammatical errors can also be checked and corrected in this
Microsoft word processing program. The program will criticize
your grammatical expressions and appropriate suggestions will
be given to you. You are not however compelled to accept these
suggestions. While your document grammar is being checked,
the spelling check program will also be in operation. To check
for grammatical errors without having a spelling check exercise,
you do the following:
Click Tools.
Click Options
Click on Spelling and Grammar tab
Clear the check spelling box option and click Ok.
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The commands that are used to check grammatical errors
include:
Click Tools.
Click Grammar
The following are options available and their implications:
Click change to accept a given suggestion.
Click ignore/ignore rule, if you do not want to accept the
suggestion that you are given.
Click next sentence, to see
Click explain, if you do not understand why options available
to.
BREAKING PAGES
While you are working, you may wish to begin a new page before
the system set page location. To do this,
1. click insert,
2. Click Break
3. Click page break (If it isn’t selected).
4. click ok.
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MIRROR MARGINS
To print on both sides of a paper in your document, you can set
margins such that the facing pages will mirror each other i.e they will
correspond with one another. To create mirror margins.
1. Click file.
2. Click page setup.
3. Click the mirror margin button to select it.
4. Click ok.
1. Click view
2. Click header and Footer.
3. Type in your Header
4. Click on the Header/Footer icon on the header/footer box.
5. Type in your footer
6. Click ok.
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5. Move the mouse to the point that you want to magnified and
click.
OR
6. Click the shrink to fit icon to shrink your print view screen
OR
7. Click the down arrow to specify a percentage view.
8. Click close when you have finished viewing your document.
TO DRAW A SHAPE
1. Click the tool shape that you want from the drawing tool
bar.
2. Position the mouse pointer where you want your drawing to
be
3. Click and hold down the left button, drag to draw.
NB: you can use the node rounded the shape at the edge of your
drawing to change the size. To make any changes on the shape
that you have drawn, make sure the shape is selected by clicking
on the drawing.
MAIL MERGING
Often times one may need to produce a letter or document
with similar contents to several people. To avoid a situation where
you will have to type or copy the same document over and over
again for each person, you can do what is called mail merging in
word processing. This term refers to the process whereby you
produce only two documents (the data file and the main document
file) in other to build a letter or document that will be addressed to
several people.
Your main document file contains the main text of your letter or
document. It is the aspect of your letter or document that is
consistent to all recipients. The data file is the file that contains
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any information that is not consistent amongst recipients. This
includes addresses, personalized data or reference information.
Each information in the data file is represented by a field name.
in your main document, these field names are used as general keys
to indicate the location of each individual’s information. Your are
to type each individual’s information as a record set with the
boxes that will be displayed when you have created your data file.
You can add and remove any information that you may or may not
requires as you work with your documents.
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18. Click the insert Merge field from the Mail Merge menu
that has appeared on your screen.
19. From the field list displayed, CLICK the filed name that
you want at that point.
N.B: Ensure that you are through with your Main Document file
and Data file before you proceed. If you are not through with
any of these files, do the following:
i. Click tools
ii. Click the edit for the file type option that you want to
make changes in.
iii. Make the necessary changes and CLICK OK, if
required=.
1. Click tools
2. Click mail merge
3. Click merge
4. Click merge.
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the taste of the owner. For example, a resume to be submitted in
application for a job may include:
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M.S EXCEL PROGRAMME
SPREADSHEET
A spreadsheet can be defined as any documentable work area
consisting of rows and columns suitable for any form of data
analysis. It consists of cells organized into rows and columns.
SPREADSHEET CONCEPTS
COLUMNS
A column is made up of a series of boxes (cells) arranged
vertically in a workbook. There are 256 columns in a
worksheet, labeled A-IV ROWS
A row is made up of a series of boxes (cells) arranged
horizontally in a workbook. There a total 65536 rows in
worksheet. Rows are numbered from 1 to 65536.
CELL
A cell is the intersection of a row and a column. A cell is the
basic unit of a worksheet in which data can be stored. It is
identified by a label known as the cell address.
WORKBOOK
A workbook is the file in which you work and store your data.
It is the spreadsheet equivalent of documents. It keeps pages
(sheets) together in a single file. Because each workbook can
contain many sheets, you can organize various kinds of related
information in a single file.
WORKSHEET
What known as page in Microsoft word is called sheet in
Microsoft excel. Thus, a single workbook would consist of a
number of sheets. I other word, worksheet is actual work is
done in Microsoft Excel. The worksheet is made up of row
and columns.
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Sheet Tabs The names of the sheets appear on tabs at the
bottom of the workbook window. To move from sheet, click
the sheet tabs. The sheet tab is at eh bottom of the worksheet.
VALID ENTRIES
A valid is any entry that is acceptable by the computer when
entered into a worksheet. There are three types of valid entries:
Label Entries: These are entries made using the alphabets i.3e.
A-Z
Value Entries: These are entries made using the numerals i.e.
0-9
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Drawing Toll Bar
This is used for producing lines, shapes and graphics. You can
also place your text and/or graphics on top of each other for
greater document presentation and production.
Forms Tools Bar
This is used to create and edit documents that are produced
using form formats.
Tip Wizard
An optional display that comes on as you work to give hints on
the various steps that you could take to obtaining or achieving
your desire results.
- Visual Basic Tool Bar
This gives the short-cut keys to creating and modifying Visual
Basic Language codes as well as macros.
TO EDIT ENTRIES
Double click the cell and make your corrections
Position the cell pointer in the where you want to make
your correction and do any of the following.
Click on the formula bar and make your corrections
OR
Press F2 and make your corrections
TO SELECT A CELL
Click on the cell
TO SELECT A ROW
Click on the row header
TO SELECT A COLUMN
Click the column header
TO SELECT A RANGE OF CELLS
Click on the first cell and drag to the last cell while holding
down the left mouse button.
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TO DELETE A ROW
Select the row
Click on Edit menu
Click on Delete
TO DELETE A COLUMN
Select the column
Click on Edit menu
Click on Delete
TO DELETE A FORMULA
Click the cell in which you want to center the formula
Type = (an equal sign).
Enter the formula type, e.g. Sum, Average etc
Specify the range of cells in closed brackets
Press ENTER key.
Tips
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TO USE AUTOSUM
Select the range of cells of cells containing the figures that you
want to
sum, including the cell(s) in which you want to place the
sum(s)
Click on AutoSum icon on the Standard toolbar
TO UNDO A COMMAND
The undo command reverses the last command or deletes the last
entry you typed. To reverse more than one action at a time, click
the arrow next to the
Icon and then click the actions you want to undo. The command
name changes to Can’t Undo if you cannot reverse the last action.
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To cancel an entry in a cell or the formula bar before
you press
ENTER, press ESC.
NB: For subsequent saving, click on File and click Save, or simply
click on the save icon on the standard toolbar.
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TO COLOUR TEXT
Select the text
Click on Format menu
Click on Cells
Click on Font
Click on the color and specify the color of your choice
Click OK
OR
Click on the font color icon on the formatting bar and make your
selection
TO CREATE BORDER
Select the text
Click on Format menu
Click on Cells
Click on Font
Specify the lines style of your choice
Choose a color from the color box
Fix the borders appropriately
Click OK
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Click on Format menu
Click on Cells
Click on Alignment
Click on the vertical horizontal alignment buttons and specify the
alignment of your choice
Click OK
OR
Select the range of cells and click on the appropriate alignment
icon on the standard toolbar.
TO INSERT COLUMN
Position your cursor where you want to column to be inserted
Click on Insert menu
Click on Column
TO INSERT A ROWS
Position your cursor where you want to row to be inserted
Click on Insert menu
Click on worksheet
TO INSERT A WORKSHEET
Move to the sheet where you want to insert another sheet
Click on Insert menu
Click on worksheet
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TO CREATE A NEW BLANK WORKSHEET
TO RENAME A SHEET
Double-click the sheet tab.
Type a new name over the current name.
TO PLOT CHART
Click on Insert menu
Click on Chart
Specify the type of your choice
Choose a chart sub-type
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Click the “Press and Hold to View sample” button and see how
your chart will look like
Click Next and specify your data range series eg Rows/Columns
Click Next type your chart title and category titles
Click on Next and number your chart (optional)
Click Finish
TO FORMAT A CHART
Highlight the chart
Click Format menu
Click Selected chart Area
Carryout your formatting
Click Ok
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Edit if necessary (i.e. font type and size, bold, italics etc)
Click OK
TO REMOVE SHADOW
Click the object or text to select it
Click the shadow icon on the Drawing tool bar
Click No shadow
TO COLOR SHADOW
Highlight the text or object
Click the Shadow icon on the Drawing tool bar
Click Shadow settings
Click shadow color button
Specify the color of your choice
3.To copy the sheets instead of move them, select the create a copy
check box.
Tip To move sheets within the current workbook, you can drag the
selected sheets along the row of sheet tabs. To copy the sheets, hold
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down CTRL, and then drag the sheets; release the mouse button
before you release the CTRL key.
TO PROTECT A WORKSHEET
Click on Tools Menu
Point to Protection
Click on Sheet
Specify what you want to protect the worksheet for
Enter the password
Reenter the password
Click OK
TO PROTECT A WORKBOOK
Click on Tools menu
Point to protection
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Click on Sheet
Specify what you want to protect the worksheet for
Enter the password
Reenter the password
Click ok
TO SORT DATA
Click on Data menu
Click on Sort
Specify the order of your choice
Click OK
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Type the Password to options
Type the Password the open
Type the Password to modify
Click OK
Reenter Password to open
Click OK
Reenter Password to modify
Click OK
Click Save
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Open the workbook you want to save for use in another program.
Click on the File menu,
Click Save AS.
In the File new box, type a new name for the workbook.
In the Save as type list, click a file format that you know you can
open in the other program.
Click Save.
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INTRODUCTION TO CORELDRAW 9.0
Corel draw is a graphical application that has high quality tools
and effects that make graphical designing very easy which let you
work efficiently to produce high-quality graphics. Corel draw is one
of the market leaders in computer drawing/Graphics Software. It is
also Desktop publishing software designed by the Corel Corporation.
CorelDraw is a comprehensive vector-based drawing program that
makes it easy to create professional artwork from simple logos to
intricate technical illustrations.
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HOW TO EXIT CORELDRAW 9.0
CORELDRAW FEATURES
The Program title bar: this displays the name and the title of the
program, which is opened, and the name assigned to the graphic.
The Menu bar: this is where commands can be carried out for
operations. The Standard toolbars: the standard toolbar contains
graphic buttons that represent commands. Some are shortcuts to menu
commands; others are commands that are available only as toolbar
buttons.
The property bar: The property bar, whose appearance is similar to
a toolbar, provides you with quick access to frequently, used
functions that are relevant to the active tool or the task you are
currently performing. For example, when you click the Text tool, the
property bar contains only text-related commands
The Toolbox: The Toolbox contains tools for creating, and
modifying objects interactively. The drawing tools let you design a
variety of objects for your drawing, and the shaping tools let you
modify your drawing. The Toolbox also contains tools that let you
apply a number of effects interactively.
Furthermore, the toolbox contains fly outs, which are toolbars that are
accessible through one tool in the toolbox. A small black arrow at the
bottom right corner of a tool indicates that it is fly out group with
other tools. You can separate fly outs from the toolbox to display
them as separate toolbars.
The Drawing Window: The large white portion of the Corel Draw
application window is the drawing window, you can draw any where
in the drawing window, but only objects that appear on the drawing
page can be print out.
The printable page: The rectangle in the center with the drop
shadow is the drawing page. These areas are enclosed by a rectangle
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with a shadow effect. Although you can draw any where in the
drawing window, only objects on the drawing page can appear in
your print jobs.
The Ruler guides: Ensuring tools that are displayed on the left side
and along the top of the application window. The rulers help you size
and position the objects in your drawing.
The Scroll Bars: To scroll means to shift the view in the window to
see portions of a document that is outside the current viewing area.
You can scroll by using the scroll bars by the right and bottom edges
of the window.
The Color Palette: A toolbar that displays a series of color swatches,
It is used to select colors for use in Corel Draw. You can display
multiple on-screen color palettes. They can be docked or left floating
in the application window.
TO DISPLAY TOOLBARS
Click window menu
Point to toolbars
Specify the toolbar of your choice
Note that when you specify any toolbar the box beside
the toolbar will be marked, that tells you that it can be
displayed
Click ok.
TO HIDE TOOLBARS
Click window
Click on toolbars
Specify the toolbar you want to remove
Note that when you are removing a particular toolbar the
box beside the toolbar should not be marked
Click ok.
TO DOCK TOOLBARS
Drag the title bar of the toolbar that you want to dock toward
the top of the application window or to any of the other sides.
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You can size only suspended toolbars; that are not lying
horizontally on the upper part of the window.
The Artistic Media tool had five modes: Preset Mode, Brush
mode, object sprayer mode, calligraphic mode, and pressure-
sensitive mode. You can also select the type of Artistic Media
stroke you want to use by clicking the appropriate button on the
property Bar. You must first click the Artistic Media tool to
display its property Bar controls.
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- THE DIMENSION TOOL: Lets you draw vertical,
horizontal, slated, or angular dimension lines.
- THE CONNECTOR TOOL: Lets you join two objects
with a line.
- THE FLOW CHARTS: Lets you join two objects with a
flow chart line.
- THE RECTANGLE TOOL (F6): Lets you draw
rectangles and squares.
- THE ELIPSE TOOL (F7): Lets you draw ellipses and
circles.
- THE POLYGON TOOL: Lets you draw polygons and
stars.
- SPIRAL TOOL: Lets you draw symmetrical and polygons
and stars.
- THE GRAPH PAPER TOOL: Lets you draw a grid of
lines similar to that on graph paper.
- THE TEXT TOOL (F8): Lets you type words directly on
the screen as Artistic text.
- THE INTERACTIVE MESH TOOL: Lets you apply a
net grid to an object.
- THE INTERACTIVE DISTORTION TOOL: Lets you
apply transparencies to objects.
- THE INTERACTIVE EXTRUDE TOOL: Lets you
apply a third dimension to objects.
- THE INTERACTIVE CONTOUR: Lets you apply a
contour to an object.
- THE EYDROPPER TOOL: Lets you fill an object on the
Drawing window after selecting a fill using the Eyedropper
Tool.
- THE OUTLINE TOOL: Opens a fly out that lets you set
the outline properties.
- THE FILL TOOL: Opens a fly out that lets you set the fill
properties.
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HOW TO HIGHLIGHT TEXT
Before you can make any effect to your Click on the font icon
text Specify the font style of your choice
You must highlight (select) the text Click on Ok.
with text tool
Click on the text tool on the tool box HOW TO UNDERLINE TEXT
Position your pointer at the Highlight the text you want to
beginning of the text underline
Click once to position the cursor Click on the text menu
Click firmly by holding the mouse Click on format text
button Click on the font tab
Drag across the text. Click on the underline icon
Specify the underlining style of your
TO SET FONT SIZE choice
Highlight the text you want to set Click on Ok.
font size with text tool
Click on the text menu HOW TO UNDERLINE TEXT
Click on the format text Highlight the text you want to
Click on the font tab underline with text tool
Specify the font size of your choice Click on the text menu
from the size icon. Click on format text
Click OK. Click on the font tab
Click on the underline icon
TO CHANGE FONT Specify the underlining style of your
Highlight text you want to change choice
font Click on Ok.
Click on the text menu
Click on format text
Click on the font tab
TO CHANGE CASE
Highlight the text with text tool
Click on text menu
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Click on edit text
Click on the options on the edit text box
Specify the case of your choice.
Click on Ok.
HOW TO EDIT TEXT WITH THE EDIT TEXT DIALOG BOX
The easiest way to size objects/text is to drag the nodes of the selection box
using the mouse. Corel Draw display the object’s outline while you drag, so
that you can preview the effects of the new size.
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Click once on one of the nodes
Observe that other nodes disappears
Click and drag the selected node inside.
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Position the cursor where you want the curve to start
Click and drag to draw the curve.
Note: You can erase a portion of a curve as you are drawing the curve,
without releasing the mouse button, hold down SHIFT on the keyboard and
drag backwards along the portion of the curve you want to erase. When you
are finished erasing, you can resume drawing your line by releasing the
SHIFT key and continue to drag the mouse.
Note that you can also draw lines with the freehand tool.
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Specify the color of your choice
Click on Ok
OR
Highlight object you want to color it is outline with pick tool
Right-click on any color of your choice among the color palette.
Note: you can also drag a color from the color palette to the object’s edge.
As the mouse pointer moves over the object, it changes shapes to show
where the color will be applied.
OR
Highlight the path you want to fit text with pick tool
Click on text menu
Click on fit text to path
Type your text from the keyboard.
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HOW TO DRAW A TWO-SEGMENT CALLOUT
Open the fly out by the free hand tool
Click on the dimension tool
On the property bar click the callout button
Click where you want the first part callout to start and drag
Click once where you want the first part to end and where you want the
second part to start.
Click once where you want to place the callout text
Type the callout text from the key board.
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Click on Ok.
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RADIAL: Lets you apply a radial fountain fill, which displays a
progression of colors in a series of concentric circles that radiates from the
centre of the object.
CONICAL: Lets you apply a conical fountain fill, which displays a
progression of color in a circular path that radiates from the center of the
object.
SQUARE: Lets you apply as square fountain fill, which displays a
progression of colors in a series of concentric squares that radiates from the
center of the objects outwards.
You can move the Mid-Point slider to set the mid-point between the two
colors. You can click one of the following buttons to set the direction: the
direct button, the clockwise path and the counterclockwise color path.
You can also click on the preset icon and specify the color of your choice.
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Open the fill tool fly out
Click on pattern fill dialog
Using two-color
Click on 2-color
Specify the pattern of your choice
Click on the first color icon
Specify the color of your choice
Click on the second color icon specify the color of your choice
Click on Ok.
USING BITMAP
Click on Bitmap
Click on the icon that shows the sample of the pattern
Specify the pattern of your choice
Click on Ok.
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HOW TO REMOVE FILLS
Highlight the object with the pick tool
Click no color on the color palette.
OR
Highlight the object with pick tool
Click on fill tool
Click no fill.
SUBSEQUENT SAVINGS
Click on file menu
Click on save.
OR
Click on save icon on the standard tool bar
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TO START WITH COREL DRAW
To start a drawing, you’ll need to know what page size and orientation you
want to use. You can changed and customized the size, orientation, and
layout of the pages in your document according to your needs.
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OR
Click on the paper type size icon on the property bar
Specify the paper type of your choice.
HOW TO SET THE SIZE OF A PAGE WITHIN A MULTI-PAGE
Specify the page you want to change its size or orientation.
Click on ‘Set Default or Current page size and orientation’ icon on the
property bar
Click on the paper type size icon on the property bar
Specify the paper type of your choice.
OR
Click on landscape or portrait icon to specify the orientation of your
choice.
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Specify the number of the page you want to go to
Click on Ok.
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a ruler to the drawing window. Any guidelines you add appear on every
page of a multi-page document except for individual resized or reoriented
pages.
HOW TO ADD HORIZONTAL OR VERTICAL GUIDELINES
Click on view menu
Click on guidelines setup
In the list of categories, choose horizontal or vertical
Type a location for the guidelines in the box where you are prompted to
type
Specify a unit from the units list box.
Click the add button
Click on OK.
Note: To place a guideline below or to the left of the 0 point (for Horizontal
or Vertical guidelines, respectively), type negative numbers in the box
TO DISPLAY GUIDELINES
You’ll find it best to have guidelines showing when you’re drawing and
positioning objects however, you might find it useful to hide them when
you want to view your drawing how it looks like.
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Select the guide line you want to delete with pick tool
Press delete from the keyboard.
HOW TO ZOOM
To zoom means to enlarge or reduce the viewing size of a document
onscreen, zooming has no effect on the document. Corel Draw gives you
quick access to tools that let you reduce or magnify the view of your
drawing. You can zoom in for a more detailed view, or out for a broader
view.
You can display the zoom toolbar so that you always have zoom controls
available, regardless of what other tool you’re using. The zoom toolbar
provides all the tools you need to get the view you want.
Click window
Click on toolbars
Specify the zoom option among the toolbar
The zoom and pan tools make it easy to change your view of a drawing.
The zoom tool lets you zoom in to get a closer look at an area of your
drawing, or out to get a view of a larger area. The pan tool lets you move
the drawing page around to get the view you want. Using the pan tool is
much like using your hand to move a piece of paper on a desk.
TO PREVIEW DRAWINGS
Click on view Menu
Click on Full-Screen Preview.
OR
Press F9 from the keyboard
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Highlight the object you want to preview in full screen with pick tool
Click view menu
Click on the preview selected only
Click view menu
Click on full-screen preview.
PRINT PREVIEW
Print preview lets you view what the work will look like when printed. You
can choose to preview a print job by choosing print preview from the file
menu. You can move from page to page, and magnify the page being
previewed.
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Click on the symbols and drag out into your printable page
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Access the program where you want to import object from (e.g M.S
Word)
Make sure that the object is displayed on the screen
Tile both the windows vertically by clicking on the restore buttons
among the control icon
Click on the object firmly and firmly drag to Corel Draw window
Release the mouse.
OR
Highlight the object with pick tool
Click on copy icon on the standard tool bar
Click on paste icon on the standard tool bar.
TO DU PLICATE OBJECTS
Duplicating objects is the quickest way to create copies of them.
Highlight the object with pick tool
Click on edit menu
Click on duplicated
OR
Press Ctrl + D on the keyboard
GROUPING OBJECTS
Grouping objects binds them together so that you can manipulate them as a
single unit. This is particularly effective for protecting and maintaining
connections between objects. Grouping is useful when you want to apply
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the same formatting properties, or other changes, such as resizing or
mirroring, or having multiple objects.
Note: you can group or ungroup objects using the group or ungroup icons
on the property bar. You can also select a single object that is part of a
grouped object by holding down CTRL while selecting.
TRANSFORMING DUPLICATES
To transform a copy of an object in Corel Draw, the first thing you must do
is to select it. You can transform (positioning, sizing, stretching, rotating
etc) all graphic and text objects to see how your original object would look
after the transformation without altering their basic shapes. If you don’t like
the effects of the transformation, simply delete the copy. Corel Draw
creates the copy while you are applying the transformation. You can
transform duplicates using the mouse, or the transformation docker.
Note: Corel Draw creates a copy of the object while you are transforming it,
leaving the original intact.
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HOW TO WELD OBJECTS
Highlight the objects with pick tool
Click on arrange menu
Point to shaping
Click to shaping
Click on weld
Specify either source object (keeps a copy of the selected object after
welding) or target object (keeps a copy of the target object (the object to
which you’re welding the selected object) after welding)
Click on the weld to button
Click on the object you want to be the target object
Note that the welded object takes on the fill and outline attributes of the
target object.
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Display two or more objects to be blended on the screen
Make sure that the objects are filled
Click on the interactive blend tool from the interactive tools fly out
Drag the end handle of one of the objects you want to blend over the
other object you want to blend.
The end handle appears after you start dragging the object. This creates a
straight-line blend between the two objects.
You can also blend objects by holding down the ALT key on the keyboard,
and draw a freehand path from one of the objects you want to blend to the
other object you want to blend.
APPLYING ENVELOPES
You can apply an envelope to an object to shape the object. You can also
apply envelop to texts
Open the interactive tools fly out
Click the interactive envelope tool
Select the object to which you want to apply an envelope
Click one of the following buttons on the property bar to indicate the
editing mode you want: straight line, single arc, double arc etc.
Observe grid lines of red color appears around the selected object
Drag a node to change the shape of the envelope.
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HOW TO APPLY
Click the interactive tools fly out
Click on the interactive extrude tool
Select the object you want to extrude
Position your cursor at the edge of the object until a small arrow
appeared
Drag the vanishing point marker (represented by “X”) to set the depth
and direction of the extrusion
Note that the vanishing point marker appears after you have dragged
Click on extrusion type icon on the property bar bar and choose and
extrusion type
Click on depth icon on the property bar and choose a vanishing point
option.
Click on color icon on the property bar and specify the color of your
choice
Click on bevel icon on the property bar and specify the bevel of your
choice.
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Highlight the object’s drop shadow with the pick tool
Click on arrange menu
Click on separate
Remove the highlighting
Select the drop shadow
Move the drop shadow from its position.
TO APPLY TRANSPARNECY
Fill the object with color
Highlight the object with pick tool
Click on interactive transparency tool on the tool box
Click on the transparency type on the property bar
Specify the style of the transparency’s types of your choice.
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Hold to one of the node and drag horizontal or vertically
You can hold down CTRL + SHIFT as you drag to move opposing
nodes the same distance in opposite directions.
HOW TO REMOVE PERSPECTIVE EFFECTS FROM AN OBJECT
Highlight the object having perspective effect with the pick tool
Click effects menu
Click on clear perspective.
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Specify the effect you want to apply to the object
Make your necessary selections
Click on Ok.
HOW TO CURL ONE EDGE OF AN OBJECT
Highlight the object with pick tool
Click on Bitmaps menu
Click on convert to Bitmap
Click on the color icon
Specify the color mode to be saved with the bitmap (e.g CMYK color
(32 Bit)
Click on Bitmaps menu
Point to 3D Effects
Click on Bitmaps menu
Point to 3D Effects
Click on page curl
Specify the edge of the object you want to curl
You can specify the color of your choice
Also specify the width and the height of the curling
Click on Ok.
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Specify script
Click on calendar on the script and preset manager Docker and drag out
or double click and drag out
A dialog box will be displayed on the screen
Click on next to begin
Specify the paper size for your calendar
Click on next
Specify the style you want to use for your calendar
Click on next
Click on choose font to format the font
Click on ok
Click on next
Specify if you want pictures and border to appear in your calendar by
clicking on yes icon and make your necessary choice
Click on next
Select the first month and year you want to create your calendar for
You can also specify the number of months
Click on finish.
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Click on shadow on the script and preset manager Docker and drag out
toward the selected objecpt
A dialog box will be displayed
Specify the shadow location of your choice from the shadow location
section
From the special effect section click on choose shadow color icon
Specify the shadow color of your choice
Click on apply
Click Ok.
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INTRODUCTION TO MICROSOFT POWER POINT
INTRODUCTION
Microsoft power point is one of the application software designed by
Microsoft. Corporation. It is a presentation graphic software (PGS) that
allows one to prepare presentation. Note, handouts, etc. it is meant for
preparing of presentations to be delivered on seminars and conferences.
Microsoft Power Point Gives you many way to deliver your presentation.
These are:
Onscreen Presentations:You can use all of the power point special effects
and features to make an online (electronic) presentation exciting and
complete.
Web Presentation: You can design your presentation specifically for the
world wide Web, and then easily publish it by using the Save As Web Page
command (file menu) you can publish copies of a complete presentation, a
custom show a single slide, or a range of slides to different locations.
Overhead Transparencies: You can create a presentation that uses
overhead transparencies by printing your slides as black and white or color
transparencies. You can design these slide in either landscape or portrait
orientation.
Paper Printouts: You can design your presentation so that it looks great
both on the screen in color and when printed in grayscale or pure black and
white on a laser printer. For informal meetings print your presentations in
black and white.
Note, Handouts and Outlines: To support your presentation you can give
your audience handouts smaller versions of your slides that are printed two,
three, or six slides to a page. You can also print your speaker notes for the
audience. You can also print your outline including slide title and main
points .
35mm Slide etc.
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Microsoft Power Point can be used for the following:
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Click on next button
Specify from the categories of presentation (i.e. General, Corporate,
projects. Sales and Marketing etc.) by clicking on any of the buttons
Specify from the category the type of presentation you are going to give
(Generic, Recommending a strategy etc.)
Click next
Specify the type of output you may want to use in making your presentation
e.g. 35mm slides
Click on next
Type the presentation title
NB: You can specify the items to be included on each slide.
click on next
click on finish.
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Follow the right procedures.
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HOW TO DISPLAY THE RULER GUIDE
Click on view menu
Click on ruler
TO DISPLAY GUIDE
Click on view menu
Click on guides
OR
Press control and G on the keyboard.
SUBSQUENT SAVINGS
Click on file menu
Click on save
OR
Click on the save icon on the standard tool bar.
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TO INSERT NEW SLIDE
Click on insert menu
Click on new slide (Ctrl M)
Select a layout of choice
Click on Ok.
OR
Click on the save icon on the standard tool bar.
VIEWS IN POWERPOINT
Powerpoint provides different types of vies to help you while you are creating
a presentation. The views include: Slide view, outline view, normal view, slide
sorter view, and slide show view. To switch between this views click on the
buttons below the outline pane.
We are considering the normal view and slide sorter view as the main views
use in powerpoint.
NORMAL VIEW: Normal view contains three panes: these panes let you
work on all aspects of your presentation in one place. You can adjust the size
of the different panes by dragging the pane border.
THE OUTLINE PANE:This displays the slides and the content of your slides
in a list, you can use the outline pane to organize and develop the content of
your presentation.
THE SLIDE PANE: This is the position of the slide; in the slide pane you can
see how your text look on each slide. You can type all of the text of your
presentation.
THE NOTES PANE:The note pane let you add your speaker notes or
information you want to share with the audience.
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SLIDE SORTER VIEW: In slide sorter view, you can see all the slides in
your presentation on screen at the same time, displayed in miniature. This
makes it easy to add, delete, drag slide from one position to another, copy
slides. And select animated transitions for moving from slide to slide.
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Click on Change color button for more color
Specify any color of your choice
Click on Ok
Click on Apply
Or
Click on Zoom icon on the standard toolbar
Specify the zooming percentage of your choice
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TO ENTER TEXT INTO PRESENTATION USING THE TEXT BOX
TOOL
Click on the text box on the drawing tool bar
Click and drag on the slide
Type your text from the keyboard.
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HOW TO ADJUST COLOR TO PRINT OUT BEST IN BLACK/
WHITE
Click on View menu
Click on Black and White
Right click on any object on the slide
Point to black and white
Click one the option you want
Or
Click on Grayscale preview on the Standard tool bar
Right click on any object on the slide
Point to black and white
Click on the option you want.
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HOW TO ADD FOOTER TO SLIDE
Unlike the header for handouts and notes, footer is only added to slides in
PowerPoint presentation.
Click on View menu
Click on Header and Footer
Click on Slide tab on the dialog box that appear
Click on the Footer option
Type in the required information.
Click on Apply.
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Click on Font icon on the Formatting toolbar
Specify the Font of your choice.
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Highlight the text to align
Click on any of the alignment options on the standard toolbar.
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HOW TO APPLY BULLET AND NUMBERING TO YOUR
PRESENTATION
Bullet
Highlight the text you want to apply bullet
Click on format menu
Click on bulleted tab
Specify the bullet of your choice
Click on Ok
For more bullet if your choice is not among the options given
Click on picture button
Specify the bullet of your choice
Click on insert.
Numbering
Highlight the text you want to apply numbering
Click on format menu
Click on bullet and numbering
Click on numbered tab
Specify the numbering of your choice
Click on Ok.
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IGNORE: A word typed might be correct but the program supposes that it is
miss-spelt word, choosing this option implies that the program should ignore
such supposedly miss-spelt word.
IGNORE ALL: Choosing this option implies that the program should
ignore the supposedly miss-spelt word
CHANGE: When you want to make a correction of spelling, from the
suggestions given in the suggestion box select the right word from among
the options given. Click on change. Choosing this option implies that the
miss-spelt word should be change to the right word of your own choice from
the list.
CHANGE ALL: Choosing this option implies that any occurrence of a
word that is miss-spelt should be changed. As in change, you need to make
your choice of word from the suggestions given before you make this choice.
ADD: Any word type that is correct but underlined by the program means
that the very word is not found in the program’s dictionary. Choosing this
option implies that the supposedly miss-spelt word by the program even
though it is correct should be added to the dictionary.
SUGGEST: Choosing suggest option implies that any word that you are not
sure of its spelling the program should suggest spellings for you.
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INSERT WORD ART: This is used to insert a new word art if you do not
want to go through the insert menu.
EDIT TEXT: This is used to edit text such as making corrections of any
miss-spelt word adding to the text, or removing form the text etc.
WORDARTGALLERY: This is used to change the style of your word art
to different style of your own choice if you have changed your mind from
the previous style.
FORMAT WORD ART: This is used to apply beautiful color to your word
art such as using fill effects like: gradient, texture, and patter.
WORD ART SHAPE: This is used to change the shape of word art text.
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HOW TO CHANGE AUTOSHAPES
Select the auto shape you want to change its shape
Click on draw menu on the drawing toolbar
Click on change auto shape
Specify from the group of auto shape where you want to change your
shape from
Click on the auto shape of your choice.
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Press the shift key on the keyboard
Click and drag on the slide
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Click on the connector you want
Move to the object you want to connect
Observe that the connection sit appear as blue squares
Click the connection sit, drag to the object you want to connect to
Locked connector appears as red squares, unlock connectors appear as
green squares.
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ROTATING AND FLIPPING OBJECTS
Objects can be rotated or flipped 90 degrees to the left or right or to any
other direction Objects can be flipped horizontally or vertically. Objects like
picture, graphs or organizational chart cannot be flipped or rotated because
they weren’t create in powerpoint, except if you ungroup and group the
object you might be able to flip or rotate the object.
CLIPART/PICTURE
There are two types of picture
The Bitmaps: This picture or clipart cannot be ungrouped.
The Metafiles: This picture or clipart can be ungrouped, converted to
powerpoint object, and then edited with powerpoint tools.
TO INSERT CLIPART
Click on Insert menu
Point to picture
Click on clipart
Specify the group of clipart to insert your clipart from
Click on the clipart of your choice
Observe that when you click on the clipart of your choice a menu appear
Click on insert clip on the menu that appear
Close the insert clipart Dialog box.
Observe that picture toolbar is displayed along with the clipart
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HOW TO INSERT OBJECT FROM OTHER PROGRAMS
Click on insert menu
Click on object
Specify from the object type box the program where you want to insert
your object from
Click on OK
Display the object of your choice
Click outside to return to powerpoint or close the program.
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HOW TO SEND OVERLAPPING OBJECT TO BACK
Highlight the overlapping object
Click on Draw menu on the Drawing toolbar
Click on Order
Click on Send to back
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HOW TO APPLY COLOR TO 3-D EFFECT
Highlight the object having 3-D effect
Click on 3-D icon on the Drawing toolbar
Click on 3-D setting
Observe that 3-D setting toolbar will be displayed
Click on 3-D setting toolbar
Specify the color of your choice.
When you apply color to 3-D effect, the changes affects only the 3-D effect
of the object, not the object itself. An object cannot have a shadow effect at
the same time have a 3-D effect, for instance if you apply 3-D effect to an
object that have shadow, the shadow will disappear for the 3-D effect.
In addition you can make changes to your 3-D effect such as: Tilting the 3-D
effect specifying the depth of 3-D effect, the direction of 3-D effect,
applying lightening etc.
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Specify the table auto layout
Click on OK
Double on where you are asked to double click to add table
Specify the number of row and columns of your choice
Click Ok
You can use the Draw table icon on the Table and Border toolbar to draw or
add table or border to your table
TO FORMAT TABLE
Highlight the table
Click on Table on the table and border toolbar
Click on Borders and Fill
Make your necessary selections
Click Ok
OR
Double click on the table placeholder
Make your necessary selections
Click OK
To create chart
Click on Insert menu
Click on chart
Observe that when you start up the chart program, a data sheet with columns
and row where you can enter your figures is displayed with sample data,
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when you enter data into the data sheet view it is reflected on the chart type
been used.
Enter your text into the datasheet
Click outside the chart area.
TO EDIT CHART
To edit cart, double click on the chart you want to edit, When you double
click on the chart, the chart environment would be displayed, the chart
program displays its own menu on the Standard toolbar so you can have
access to formatting and enhancing of your chart, On completion of all these,
to exit the cart environment
Click outside the chart area.
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APPLYING ANIMATION EFFECT
In power point an animation effect is an impression of movement of an
object that determines how an element is displayed on the slide during a
presentation. Animation effects are applied on objects or texts on a slide.
You can also use the Animation effect toolbar to animate your objects on the
slide to do that
Display the slide you want to apply the effects
Select the objects or text to apply animation effect
Specify the animation effect of your choice from the animation toolbar
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And specify the color of your choice
To quit
Click on the Navigation menu
Click on End show
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INTRODUCTION TO MICROSOFT PUBLISHER
MS Publisher has many new and exciting features that let your:
102
Click once on the Microsoft Publisher program icon on the desktop
environment. OR
Press enter key from the keyboard. OR
Click on Start on the taskbar
Point to Program
Click on Microsoft Publisher.
Using the Blank Publication: If you have your own design in mind, you
can create your publication from the scratch. You chose the page size of your
page and whether you want it folded, publisher provide you with a blank
page, and the rest is up to you.
Using Existing Publication: You can easily reuse the design and layouts of
your earlier publication, just replace the needed requirement of your choice
and save it.
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Making Publication Using Publication By Wizard.
TO DESIGN WEBSITES
A Website is a page or collection of pages that you have designed and
published specifically for use on the World Wide Web
Click on Publications by Wizard if the tab is not selected
Click on Websites on the Wizard pane
Specify the format you want on the right pane
Click on Start wizard
Click on Next to step into the publisher questions
Make your desired selections such as color scheme, the type of pages you
want to include to your Websites etc.
Click on Finish when you are through.
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Click on Next to step into the publisher questions
Make your desired selections such as color scheme, tear off, customer
address etc.
Click on Finish when you are through.
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HOW TO CREATE CALENDAR
Click on Publications by Wizard if the tab is not selected
Click on Calendar on the Wizard pane
Specify the format you want on the right pane
Click on Start wizard
Click on Next to step into the publisher questions
Make your desired selections such as color scheme, orientation, kind
of
Calendar (a Full year/Monthly), to change date etc.
Click on Finish when you are through.
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SUBSEQUENT SAVINGS
Click on File menu
Click on Save
Click on Save icon on the Standard toolbar
USING FRAMES
To use any frame you have to click one of the frame on the object toolbox.
In most cases you must drag across to set the frame size.
Use the Text frame to enter text into publication, edit your text. The text
frame works like a regular word processing.
Use Table frame to display table or display text in rows and columns with
shaded areas and border.
Use the word art frame to create text with special effects. Edit in the
word Art dialog box.
Double click Picture tool to insert a graphic that is not part of the clip
gallery.
Use the Drawing tools to create line, rectangle, oval, and custom
shapes.
Use the Web tools to insert special publisher designed objects.
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Click on the zoom icon lying along side with the horizontal scroll bar
Specify the zooming percentage of your choice OR
Press F9 key on the keyboard.
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HOW TO BOLD TEXT
Highlight the text you want to bold
Click on format menu
Click on font
Click on font style icon
Click on Bold
Click on ok
HOW TO SUBSCRIPT
Highlight the text to be subscript
Click on format menu
Click on font
Click on subscript
Click ok
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Click on the type of bullet of your choice
Click on ok
Click on new bullet if your choice is not among the options
Click on font icon
Select the font type to insert your bullet
Specify the bullet of your choice
Click on insert
Click on OK
NUMBERING
Highlight the text you want to apply numbering
Click on format menu
Click on indents and list
Click on numbering list under indents setting
Click on format icon
Specify the type of numbering format
Click on ok
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HOW TO CREATE TABLE
Click on the table frame tool on the object toolbox
Click and drag on the printable page
Specify the number of rows and columns
Click on ok
Or
Select a column
Click on Table menu
Click on insert column
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HOW TO DIVIDE A CELL DIAGONALLY
Select the cell you want to divide
Click on Table menu
Click on Cell diagonals
Specify the type of division of your choice
Click on ok
Or
Right click on the table
Click on change table
Click on line/border style
Click on more style
Click on the line border tab if is not selected
Select a side here you want to apply thickness from the select a side
section
Specify the thickness of your choice from the choose a thickness section
Click on ok.
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Specify the size for your border
Specify the color of your choice
Click on apply
Click on ok
Or
Click on Design Gallery object from the object tool box
Click on object by categories / object by design tab
Specify the object of your choice
Click on insert object
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HOW TO INSERT WORD ART
Click on the word art frame tool on the object toolbox
Click and drag on the printable page
The word art environment vill be display
Type the text you want to use as word art where you are ask
to enter text
Click outside to return to publisher
Or
Click on clipart gallery tool on the object tool box
Click and drag on the printable page the area you want to insert the
clip
Click on the group where you want to insert your clip from
Specify the clip of your choice
Click on insert clip
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HOW TO DUPLICATE OBJECT
Highlight the object you want to duplicate
Click on edit menu
Click on copy
Click on Edit menu
Click on paste
Or
Or
Click on custom rotate on the standard toolbar
Click on any of the rotation button to rotate or type in the angle
Click on Apply
Click on close
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Click on rotate or flip
Specify the flip of your choice
Or
Highlight the object you want to flip
Click on any of the flip options on the formatting toolbar.
Or
Click on line/borer style on the formatting toolbar
Click on more style
Click on line border tab if is not selected
Specify the thickness point of line
Click on ok
Or
Highlight the objects you want to group
Observe that an icon appear below the objects you’ve highlighted
Click on the icon to group
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HOW TO UNGROUP
Highlight the objects you want to ungroup
Click on Arrange menu
Click on ungroup objects
Or
Highlight the objects you want to ungroup
Observe that an icon appear below the objects you’ve highlighted
Click on the icon to ungroup
Or
Click on any of the arrangement option on the standard toolbar.
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in mind that the text or object will have to be sent to the background.
The background is where you place object that will appear on every
page of your publication
Layout guides are the non-printing blue and pink lines that appear on all the
pages of your publication that serves as a guide or boundary, which helps the
user to ensure a consistent layout for his/her publication. Use this guides to
give your publication a constant layout. when you begin with any publication
the guides appears on all your pages, if you want to add more guides or
change the placement of your guide, publisher let you do that.
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The ruler guides can also help you to give a consistent layout for your
pages if you don’t want to use the layout guides.
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To set your publication layout
Click on file menu
Click on page setup
Specify the publication layout of your choice
Click on ok.
Or
Click on the page control icon on the horizontal scroll bar to move to
any page either to the left or to the right.
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INTRODUCTION TO ADOBE PAGE MAKER
6.5
Adobe PageMaker 6.5 is a program designed by the Adobe Corporation. It is
a program essentially designed for creating publications. Page maker is one
of the desktop publishing programs that have the capabilities of word
processing and enhancement features; it is used to produce Newsletters,
Books, Brochures, and other types of documents. other examples of Desktop
application are Microsoft PowerPoint, Microsoft Publisher, Harvard
Graphic,etc
Or
Click on start on the task bar
Point to programs
Click on Adobe
Click on page maker 6.5
Click on Adobe PageMaker 6.5
After accessing PageMaker the document setup dialog box will be displayed
on the screen for you to make your necessary selections, so far you have
already known what you have in mind to design, for instance if you want to
design a Newspaper publication, you have to bear in mind that you have to
specify the size of the paper, you have to bear in mind that you have to
specify the size of the paper, the numbers f pages you are going to use
etc.before you can proceeding making your publications. After you have
finished your selections click on ok
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Number of pages: this is where you specify the number of pages you want
to use in your publication.
Or
Click on the close icon on the title bar
Or
Click on file menu
Click on exit
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HOW TO SAVE A PUBLICATION
One of the most practical habits you can develop is to save your PageMaker
publication often. When you save a publication, you ensure that it remains
stored in your computer even if there is a power failure or system crash. To
avoid the frustration of rebuilding a lost publication, save your work
regularly.
Click on file
Click on save as
Click on the save in icon
Select a folder in which to store the saved file.
Type a name for the publication ‘Click save
PageMaker saver your publication in the current location unless you specify
a different folder.
SUBSEQUENT SAVINGS
Click on file menu
Click on save
Click save
The tool bar contains all of the PageMaker tools that the user can use to draw
objects; the objects that are displayed on the object toolbox are as follows:
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The Pick Tool: This is an arrow head like object that is use to select, move,
and resize objects, text blocks and graphics.
The Text Tool: This is a too with capital T, it is use to enter text into
publications, select text, and edit text.
The Rotating Tool: This tool is just below the pick tool it is use to rotate
objects.
The Cropping Tool: The cropping tool is lying adjacent to the rotating tool
it is use to trim imported graphics.
The Line Tool: These tools are the next that follows the rotating and
cropping tools, both tools are use to draw straight, to draw vertical or
horizontal lines in any direction.
The Rectangle Tools: Next is the rectangle tool that is displayed below the
line tools, they are use to draw rectangle and squares. The one by the right is
the rectangle frame tool use to create a rectangular or square placeholder fro
text and graphic.
The Ellipse Tool: Next below the rectangle tools is the ellipse tools use the
ellipse tool to draw ellipse and circles. The one by the right is ellipse frame
tool use to create a circular or oval placeholder for text and graphics.
The Polygon Tool: Use the polygon tool to draw basic polygons. Use the
polygon frame tool to create a polygonal placeholder for text and graphics.
The Hand Tool: Use the hand tool to scroll the page.
The Zoom Tool: Use to zoom tool to magnify or reduce an area of the page.
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The tint icon is use to apply object-level tints of the base color applied to the
selection. The [None] is use to remove a color applied to an object The
[paper] refers to the paper color on which you are printing
TO ZOOM
Click on view menu
Point to zoom to
Specify the zooming percentage of your choice.
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graphics, and perform any other function as you would in a publication you
created from scratch.
PageMaker comes with a variety of templates we recommend that you
experiment with the templates. In addition, modify them to suit your own
needs. The templates are designed with fonts that are installed automatically
when the templates are installed.
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Specify the orientation of your choice
Click on ok
Or
Highlight the text you want to change its style with text tool
Click on type menu
Click on font
Specify the font of your choice
For more font style
Click on more
Click on ok
Or
Highlight the text you want to change its style with text tool
Click on the font icon on the control palette
Specify the font style of your choice
Highlight the text you want to change its style with text tool
Click on the font icon on the control palette
Specify the font style of your choice.
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HOW TO SET FONT SIZE
Highlight the text you want to set its size
Click on type menu
Click on size
Specify the size of your choice
You may want to specify a particular point size to your text, (for instance
point 40 or 44) but the point size is not available among the options
displayed on the size menu;
Or
Highlight the text you want to change its style wit text tool
Click on the font size icon on the control palette
Specify the font size of your choice.
Or
Highlight the text you want apply color with text tool
Specify the color of your choice from the color palette
Or
Highlight the text with text tool
Click on type menu
Click on type style
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Click on bold
Or
Highlight the text with text tool
Click on bold icon on the control palette
Or
Highlight the text with text tool
Click on the underline icon con the control palette
Or
The capital letter N from the keyboard
Highlight the text
Click on type style
Click on strike thru
PageMaker includes five built-in tracks that decrees or increase the space
between characters to varying degrees, from very loose to very tight. You
can apply a track to any range of text. Because tracking in PageMaker is a
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character-level quality, you can apply one track to a range of text, then apply
a different track to text that’s in the same font, even the same size,
somewhere else. In a paragraph that is tracked at loose, for example, you
might apply the very loose track to word set in small caps in the middle of
the paragraph. A trick can also be applied as part of a paragraph style.
To track
Highlight the text you want to apply tracking
Click on type menu
Click on character
Click on the track icon
Specify the tracking of your choice
Click on ok
Or
Highlight the text you want to apply tracking
Click on type menu
Click on Expert tracking
Specify the tracking of your choice,
Or
Highlight the text you want to apply tracking
Click on the tracking icon on the control palette
Specify the tracking of your choice
Or
Highlight the text to be superscripted
Click on the superscript icon on the control palette
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Or
Highlight the text to be subscripted
Click on the subscript icon on the control palette.
Highlight the text you want to align with the text tool
Click on type menu
Click on paragraph
Specify the alignment of your choice
Click on Ok.
Or
Highlight the text you want to align with text tool
Click on type menu
Point to Alignment
Specify the alignment of your choice
Or
Click on the paragraph () sign on the control palette
Specify the alignment of your choice from the alignment options
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Click and drag across the column the range you want to type
Type your text from the keyboard
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On the color palette color found are few, one may likely conclude that
PageMaker has very few colors but that is not the case you can add more
colors to your color palette.
TO CHANGE CASE
Highlight the text you want to change case
Click on utilities menu
Point to plug-ins
Click on change case
Specify the case of your choice
Click on ok
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on a single sheet or form is called an imposition. The Build Booklet plug-in
creates multiple page spreads that print on a single sheet, assume the correct
page spreads that print on a single sheet, and assume the correct page order
when folded. When you stack, bind, and trim the folded double-sided
booklets the result is a single book with correct pagination. Running Build
Booklet should be the final step before printing your publication. Build
Booklet closes the current publication and current publication and creates a
new, untitled publication with the page size equal to the size of the
imposition. Build Booklet then calculates the proper page sequence and
transfers the master and publication page items from the original publication
to the correct pages in the new publication. Build booklet can rearrange
pages in the active publication or for all publication in a book list.
The Build Booklet plug-in gives you several options to determine how the
final publication will look. You can place additional blank pages, revise the
order of pages, or delete pages. Build Booklet can also automatically adjust
the placement of the page items to account for paper thickness, increase the
space between publication pages, and invert the pages for printing. Any
change you make affects th3e publication copy, not the original publication.
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Make your necessary selections
Click on ok
Numberings
Highlight the text you want to apply bullets
Click on the utilities menu
Point to plug-ins
Click on bullets and numberings
Click on numbers tab
Specify the numbering style of your choice
Click on ok
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Click on Adobe
Click on PageMaker 6.5
Click on Adobe Table 3.0
Each time you start Adobe Table, when you click file, click on new, the
format cell dialog box appears, where you specify the number of rows and
columns you want and the height and width of the table, you can also specify
the kinds of borders you want around the table and inside it, as well as the
size of the gutter, or space, you want between text in neighboring rows and
column. You can change any of the set tings at any time while working in
Adobe Table.
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Click on any of the object tool on the toolbox
Click and drag on the printable page the size of your choice
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Click on ok
HOW TO UNGROUP
Highlight the objects you want to group
Click on Element menu
Click on Ungroup.
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Click on clipart
Click on open
Specify the clip of your choice
Click on open
Click and drag the printable page the size you want.
HOW TO INSERT OBJECTS FROM OTHER PROGRAM
Click on edit menu
Click on insert objects
Specify the program were you want to insert your object from
Display the object
Click outside to return to Pacemaker
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INTRODUCTION TO DATABASE
MANAGEMENT
CONCE0PTS OF DATA, INFORMATION AND DATABASE
DATA: Data are raw facts or figures that are collected for processing.
Data are meaningless except they are processed. Data can as well be referred
to as the name given to basic facts, and figures, which have not been
processed. Example of such basic fact and figures and the name of a
customer, the number of items sold, or the numerical values used in a
mathematical formula. We can as well say that data are raw materials for
information.
INFORMATION: This is the result of data that have been processed into a
useful form. It is the finished product of data.
The words ‘data’ and ‘information’ are often used interchangeably, but there
is the distinction that data is the raw material that is processed to provide
information. In order word, information is already processed data that gives
meaningful idea.
Filename: Whenever you work with a computer you must store the
information that you have entered in or the results that you
have obtained for a future date retrieval. When saving a file, it must be given
a filename. For Microsoft Access it is the first thing you do when you want
to create a database table. You can follow the file naming concepts of
Microsoft Windows 95 when you want to name any file.
A file can be given the name CUSTOMER PURCHASES.
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Character: This is the smallest element in a file, which could either be
alphabetic or numeric.
Field: This is the smallest entity of information in a database. It is a
collection of related data that is made up of characters. It determines the type
of information that will be collected for a database. For example, in the
database.
CUSTOMER PURCHASES, we could have fields such as name, Address,
Quantity purchased. The fields must be relevant to the database.
Record: A record is simply referred to as a collection of related fields. By
the time data is entered for each field described in the CUSTOMER
PURCHASES database, it becomes a record. For example entering the
record for each of the fields mentioned above for a customer as follows:
Name: Jones Adabowala O.
Address: Garki ll Abuja..
Quantity purchased: 2500
Gives us a record for the customer with the name Jones Adabowale o.
address Garke ll MAITAMA, and the Quantity purchased 2500
File: A file is referred to as a collection of two or more records. It contains
the data that is required to provide the necessary information. When 10
records (such as the one above) are collected for each customer, it becomes a
file, because, it is now a collection of two or more records.
Table: This is the method by which information is stored in a database.
Normally, a table consists of vertical columns and horizontal rows. The
columns contain information about a particular field, while the rows contains
information about a particular record. The example below is used to indicate
this:
CHARACTERISTICS OF DATABASE
1. It must be well organized.
2. It must be easily accessible.
3. It must be exact and direct
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4. It must contain vital information that be retrieved whenever they are required
TYPES OF DATABASE
There are two basic types of database
1. Non-electronic database (Manual)
2. Electronic database (computerized)
DATABASE MANAGEMENT
Database management is the act of collecting, sorting, updating, modifying
and retrieving of information in an organized manner. Managing a database
primarily involves the following:
ADD This helps you to add new data to a database.
SORT This is used to arrange the database into some meaningful order
example: Ascending or descending order.
SEARCH This is used to search the data for types of information.
PRINT This is used to produce a hard copy of the information.
EDIT This is used to edit i.e. making correction or amendment to a
database.
DELETE this is used to delete unwanted data from a database.
The DBMS allocates storage to data, and maintains indices so that any
required data can be retrieved. A database is maintained and expanded by:
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Adding new records
Deleting old records
Editing existing records
Examples of DBMS are:
Microsoft Access
Oracle
Dbase versions lll+, lv, v for windows
FoxBASE
FoxPro
Lotus approach
Clipper
Like we did see in other Microsoft office packages, Microsoft Access has
additional tools bar features that can be displayed optionally. These tool bars
are additions to the tool bars in any window program window environment.
Tools bars are shortcut key to the various command available on the main
menu bar of any program window.
The following toolbar are what we see in any window program environment.
Title bar
Menu bar
Standard toolbar
Status bar
Scroll bar
Control menu
Control button
The additions for Microsoft Access 98 includes
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Formatting toolbar
This is used as a shortcut to the various menu option available for changing
the size, style, position and alignment of text within a database table.
Table datasheet toolbar
This toolbar is used to obtain shortcut commands to the various commands
that can be carried out in the data Datasheet view of a Database Table. These
commands include those that are used for adding, deleting and editing data
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instructions in it will be executed for you. This file format helps to save your
time whilst you are working in the Microsoft Access environment.
MODULES: This file type could be referred to as a more complex
instruction set relative to the instructions in Macro files. When an operation
is to be carried file can be used to store the various instructions that will be
required for the operation. When the Module file is executed by the use of
the run command, the operation will be carried out.
STARTING MICROSOFT-ACCESS IN MICROSOFT WINDOWS
1. Click on the start button in the task bar.
2. Point to programs.
3. Click to Microsoft Access
When using Microsoft Access 98, a dialog box is displayed first along with
the program window. It is seeking to know if you want to create a new
database (using either a blank table or the table wizard) or open an existing
database.
DESIGNING A DATABASE
When designing a database table, the paramount things that must be
considered are:
The purpose of the database.
This is to indicate what is to be stored in the database.
The types of data fields required for the database:
This shows the kind of information that is required for the records to be
stored.
The size for each field:
The number of character spaces to be declared for each data field.
The name for each field:
The name to be given to each data field.
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DATASHEET VIEW: The Datasheet view is used to view, add,
delete, and edit data in a table. You often required a datasheet view
after you have designed your database table.
DESIGN VIEW: The Design view is used to create and modify the
structure of a table. It allows you to specify the name, type,
description and field properties for each data field.
DATE/TIME:This field is used in recording the date and time an event took
place, and it contains different formats of writing the date and time.
LOGICAL OR YES/ NO: This is used for situations where a yes or no answer is
requires. An example is, supply (asking if the customer account is balanced
enough to supply him goods)
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CREATING A TABLE USING THE DESIGN VIEW
The procedure is as follows:
The table wizardis a sort of magician that enables you to crate a database
table from some pre-defined table in the application. When tables are chosen
using the table wizard, it can be modified to suit the users purpose by either
adding any needed field or removing any unwanted field.
The table wizard window contains 3 boxes
1. This first box contains a list of sample tables, depending on which type (
personal or business) is chosen
2. This second box contains simple fields for the highlighted table in the first
box
3. The third box is to contain the fields to be selected for the users new table.
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* A new table window appears
6. Click TABLE WIZARD.
8. Specify whether business or personal type
9. Specify the sample table e.g. employees or students.
10. Specify the sample fields among the suggested options.
11. Add or remove any field of your choice into fields in my new table.
12. Rename any field you feel should be
13. Click on Next, and name your table.
14. Specify whether wizard should set a primary field for you.
15. Specify whether you want to modify the table design, enter data
directly into table, or enter data into the table using the form the wizard
creates for you.
16. Clock FINISH after completion.
17. Records can now be entered into the database.
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1. Click Blank Database.
2. Click ok.
3. Type a name for the new database.
4. Click Create (A database window appears with the name from step 3).
5. Click New.
6. Click Design View.
7. Click ok.
8. Type in data fields name, type, and description.
NOTE: Click on the close button in the control box to close the table.
Format Property.
You can use the format property to customize the way numbers, dates, times,
and text are displayed and printed. For example, if you have created a price
text box, you can set its format property to Currency and its Decimal places
property to 2 or Auto. If you enter 4321.678 in the control, the number
would be displayed as $4,321.68.
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You can use one of the predefined formats or you can create a custom format
by using formatting symbols. The format property uses different formats for
different data types.
This can use to make data entry easier and to control the values users can
enter in a text box control. For example, you could create an input mask
for a phone number filed that shows you exactly how to enter a new
number: (_____) __________. It is often easier to use the input Mask
Wizard to set the property for you.
Caption property
When you want to use a field in a form file, you can define or specify the
table that will be use in the Form format in this column.
When a value which does not meet the condition specified in the
validation rule property is entered an error message in this box can be
displayed. Click in the validation text property to type in any message
that you may want to display to a user when there is an error in the data
entry to this field.
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NAME INITIAL SEX AGE STATE
When you are through with your records entry, you should store your data
with the instructions below.
SELECTING RECORDS
Within Microsoft Access, there are simply defend ways of selecting groups of
records in a row or column or if necessary the entire record set. However, these
selections can only be carried out if you are in the datasheet view of your table.
The following are the steps to take.
TO SELECT A COLUMN
1. Click the heading of the column that you want to select
2. For several columns, click the first heading for the columns that you want
to select and drag the mouse until you get to the last heading for the
columns to be selected.
TO SELECT A ROW
1. Click the square heading for the row that you wants to select.
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2. For several columns, click the first square heading for the rows that you want
to select and drag the mouse until you get to the last square heading for the
rows to be selected.
4. Click yes.
DUPLICATING A FILED
If you have a field that occurs several times in a table, a simple way to entering
this field will be by,
5. click Edit.
6. Click paste.
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ADJUSTING A COLUMN WIDTH
When you have created your table design, some fields may not be wide enough to
display the entire content of various columns. These columns can be increased by
the following instructions:
3. Click Column.
FORMATTING A TABLE
You can also improve on the format that can be used to display any data in a table
this format type includes changing the character style used; the character size,
display and underlining. The instructions below can be used o effect this changes:
1. Click the Format command on the menu bar.
2. Click font.
5. In the gridlines color options, click the down arrow to display the colors
available to you. Make your choice of color.
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TO OPEN AN EXISTING TABLE IN AN OPENED DATABASE
1. Activate the database that contains the name of the table to be opened.
2. Select the table name.
3. Click open.
5. From the database table window displayed, click on the table you want
6. Click OPEN.
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2. From the options in the file menu Bar, Click save.
Whilst you are in the database that contains the table to be opened.
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Ignore: Choosing this option implies that the program should ignore the
supposedly miss-spelt word.
Ignore All: Any occurrence of the word indicated will be ignored if you
choose this option.
Change: Before choosing this options, you will have to make a choice of word
from the suggestions given. This options specifies that the incorrectly spelt
word should be replaced by your choice from the list.
Change All: This option is used to change every occurrence of a word that
needs to be changed. As in change, you need to make your choices of word
from the suggestions given before you make this choice.
Add: This option implies that the incorrectly, spelt word should be added to a
dictionary. The dictionary could be one of your choices. To specify a
dictionary, CLICK dictionary in the dialog box and type the dictionary name or
select an already created dictionary from the list by using the adjacent arrow.
1. In form or datasheet view, select the field (Column) you want to search,
unless you want to search all fields. (Searching a single field is faster than
searching the entire table).
2. Click tools on the menu bar.
3. Click find.
4. in the find what box, type the value you want to find.
5. Set any other options you want to use in the Find dialog box.
7. To find the next occurrence of the value and all subsequent occurrences
continue clicking find next.
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REPLACING SPECIFIC OCCURRENCES OF A VALUE IN A FIELD
You can replace all occurrences of the specified value at once or each occurrence
one at a time.
1. In form or datasheet view, select the field (Column) you want to search,
unless you want to search all fields. (Searching a single field is faster than
searching the entire table).
3. In the find what box, type the value that you want to find.
4. In replace with box, type the value that you want to replace it with.
5. Set any other options that you want to use in the replace dialog box.
6. To replace all occurrences of the specified value at once, click replace all.
7. To replace each occurrence on at a time, click Find Next, and then click
replace, to skip an occurrence and find the next one, click Find Next.
ORGANIZING A DATABASE
This refers to arranging your database in a logical order. When the records for a
database are entered, they are in what is called the Physical Order, i.e. The
records were just entered in no particular sequence. When organizing the
database, it is now arranged in a Logical Order,which could be alphabetically
(for text fields) numerically (for number fields), or chronologically (For date and
logically fields)
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ENTER THE FOLLOWING RECORDS:
Employee Employee Date of Promotion Comment
SORTING
This is one of the advantages of making use of a database package. It enables you
to sort your records. The records are sorted in either ascending order or
descending order, depending on the user’s choice. And when sorting is to be done.
The data field for which it will be done must be specified. For example, from the
CUSTOMER database, the records can be sorted based on the dat field NAME in
either ascending or descending order.
3. Point to sort.
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i. To sort in ascending order, click Sort Ascending.
4. Point to filter.
N.B
1. When you save a table or form, Microsoft Access the filter, You can reapply
the filterwhen you need it, the next time you open the table or form.
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2. When you save a query, Microsoft Access saves the filter, but it does not
add the filter criteria to the query design grid. You can reapply the filter after you
run the query, the next time you open it.
3. you can also filter for records that do not have a certain value. After selecting
a value, right-click it, and the click filter Excluding selection
The filter returns records if they have all the values specified on the look for
tab or all the values specified on the first or tab or all the values specified
on the second or tab, and so on.
8. click filter the menu bar.
9. click apply filter/sort.
N.B. removing a filter doesn’t delete it. You can reapply the filter by
clicking apply filter on tool bar.
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Queries can be used to view, change, and analyze data in different ways .
you can use queries to calculate total values for rwcords in a database table;
you can specify classes of records for calculation . you can also use them as
a source of records for forms and reports. Various types of queries can be
obtained from a database table when you specify a criterion, which should be
satisfied by any record that will form a list in query file.
The Types of queries that you can create in Microsoft Access includes:
1. Select queries.
2. Parameter queries
3. Cross tab queries
4. Action queries
5. SQL queries (make-table, delete , update, a append queries)
because table file fields are often used in the creation of a query, you need an
opened database table for a successful query file creation. Two different views
or way can be used for creating a query. This include:
Design View.
Query Wizard.
The Query Wizard can be used to create the following query types:
1. Simple select query
2. cross tab query
3. find duplicates query
4. find unmatched query
For the purpose of this training, we shall consider the select query type only.
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1. from the opened database dialogue box, click the queries tab.
2. click new.
* A new query window appears.
3. Click Design View.
4. Click ok.
5. In the show Table box, select the table that you want to work with.
6. Click ADD
* The display the list of the fields in the database table.
7. Click close.
8. Add the various data field that you want in your query by double clicking on
the filed in the field list or clicking the down arrow from a field box to select a
field.
* This is indicate the fields with which the records will be displayed
9. If you want a sorted list on any field, move to the field and click on the line of
sort.
10. Choose the arrangement order i.e. Ascending or Descending.
11. Under the field that has the condition to be satisfied, click on the line of
criteria and type the field value condition.
*This is meant for only the field(s) with conditions to be satisfied.
12. Click on query in the menu bar.
13. Click on run in the query menu bar.
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1. Greater than - >
2. Less than - <
3. Greater than
Or Equal to - >=
4. Less than
Or Equal to - <=
5. Not Equal to - <>
TO do this,
You can follow steps 1 to10 in creating a select query above to do the following:
1. In query Design view, create a query.
2. Add the tables whose records you want to use.
3. Add the fields you want to include in the query design grid.
CALCULATING IN QUERIES.
The are many types of calculations that you can perform in a query. For
example, you can calculate the sum or average of the values in one field,
multiply the values in two fields, or calculate the date three months from the
current date .
When you display the results of a calculation in a field, the results are not
actually stored in the underlying table. Instead, Microsoft Access reruns the
calculation each time you run the query so that the results are always based on
the most current data in the database. Therefore, you can’t manually update the
calculated results.
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To display the results of a calculation in a field, you can use a predefined
calculation that Microsoft Access provides or custom calculation you define.
Use the predefined calculations, called “totals,” if you want to compute the
following amounts for groups of records or for all the records combined: sum,
average, count, minimum, standard deviation, or variance. You choose one
totals calculation for each field you want to calculate.
You can calculate some types of totals using the simple, Query Wizard. Or,
you can calculate all types of totals using the Total row in the query design
grid, where you select the aggregate function for the calculation you want to
perform on a field.
REPORT FORMS
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A report is an effective way to present your data in a printed formant. Because
you have control over the size and appearance of every thing on a report, you
can display the information the way you want to see it.
You can create a report on your own or you can have Microsoft Access create
a report for you using a Report Wizard. A Report Wizard speeds up the process
of creating a report because it does all the basic work for you. When you use a
Report Wizard, it prompts you for information and creates a report based on
your answers. Even if you’ve created many reports, you may want to use a
Report Wizard to quickly lay out your report. Then you can switch to Design
view to customize it.
Microsoft access applies the last auto format you used to the report. If you haven’t
created a report with a wizard before or haven’t used the Auto Format command
on the Format menu, it uses the standard auto format.
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N.B You can also create a single-column report based on the open table or query
or on the table or query selected in the Database window.
Click Auto Report on the Insert menu, or click the arrow next to the New object
button on the toolbar, and then click Auto Report. Reports created with this
method have only detail records (no report header or page header and footer).
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