Solution (expressions, circuit diagrams, labels, units, etc.

),
measured and calculated values + errors

TASK 1

TASK 1.1.1 0.1 pts

Express the temperature T (in °C) in the function of the measured resistance R using the
given constants R0 and α Pt .

R − R0
T=
R0 ⋅ α Pt

TASK 1.1.2 1.5 pts

Measure the electromotive force V of the thermoelectric cell in the function of temperature
difference ΔT between the top and bottom parts. Fill in the Table 1.1.2 with the measured
and calculated data. Label the quantities concerning to the bottom part with index 1 and to the
top part with index 2 ( R1 , T1 , R2 , T2 , e.g.).

Table 1.1.2
V (mV or V) R1 (ohm) R2 (ohm) T1 (°C) T2 (°C) ΔT (K or °C)
13 106.6 106.9 17.1 17.9 0.8
28 106.6 107.1 17.1 18.4 1.3
47 106.6 107.3 17.1 19.0 1.9
62 106.7 107.5 17.4 19.5 2.1
85 106.7 107.7 17.4 20.0 2.6
107 106.8 108.0 17.7 20.8 3.1
128 106.8 108.2 17.7 21.3 3.6
148 106.9 108.5 17.9 22.1 4.2
205 107.0 109.1 18.2 23.6 5.4
245 107.2 109.7 18.7 25.2 6.5
290 107.3 110.2 19.0 26.5 7.5
350 107.4 110.9 19.2 28.3 9.1
400 107.6 111.5 19.7 29.9 10.2
435 107.8 112.0 20.3 31.2 10.9
480 108.0 112.6 20.8 32.7 11.9
500 108.2 112.9 21.3 33.5 12.2
525 108.4 113.4 21.8 34.8 13.0
535 108.5 113.5 22.1 35.1 13.0

errors:
±2 ± 0.05 ± 0.05 ± 0.15 ± 0.15 ± 0.2
Solution (expressions, circuit diagrams, labels, units, etc.),
measured and calculated values + errors

TASK 1.1.3 1.4 pts

Plot the electromotive force V of the cell versus temperature difference ΔT . Use a graph
paper and label it as Graph 1.1.3. Fit a line to the measured data points and estimate the
Seebeck-coefficient α of the cell.

α = 42.6 mV/K ± 0.2 mV/K (or 0.0426 V/K ± 0.0002 V/K)

Don’t forget to attach Graph 1.1.3 to your answer sheet.

TASK 1.2.1 0.1 pts

Measure the internal resistance R A of the ammeter (in range 200 mA).

R A = 2.9 ohm ±0.05 ohm

TASK 1.2.2 0.1 pts

Read the electromotive force V0 of the unloaded cell.

V0 = 540 mV ±2 mV (or 0.540 V ± 0.002 V)

TASK 1.2.3 0.1 pts

Draw a circuit diagram to show how you connect your ammeter (as a load) to the
thermoelectric cell and the voltmeter.

cell V A

TASK 1.2.4 0.1 pts

Load your cell with your ammeter (in range 200 mA) for a short time. Read the current I L
immediately after connecting the ammeter.

I L = 125 mA ± 5 mA (or 0.125 A ± 0.005 A)

2
Solution (expressions, circuit diagrams, labels, units, etc.),
measured and calculated values + errors

TASK 1.2.5 0.2 pts

Express and calculate the internal resistance RC of the thermoelectric cell.
Expression:

V0
RC = − RA
IL

Numerical result:

RC = 1.4 ohm ± 0.1 ohm

TASK 1.3.1 0.1 pts

Read the equilibrium voltage VE and current I E .

VE = 325 mV ± 1 mV (or 0.325 V ± 0.001 V)

I E = 111 mA ± 1 mA (or 0.111 A ± 0.001 A)

TASK 1.3.2 0.1 pts

Express and calculate the useful (external) electric power PE of the thermoelectric generator.
Expression:

PE = VE ⋅ I E

Numerical result:

PE = 36.1 mW ± 0.4 mW (or 0.0361 W ± 0.0004 W)

TASK 1.3.3 0.1 pts

Express and calculate the power PH of the heating resistor.
Expression:

VH2
PH =
RH

Numerical result:

PH = 10.0 W

3
Solution (expressions, circuit diagrams, labels, units, etc.),
measured and calculated values + errors

TASK 1.3.4 0.2 pts

Express and calculate the efficiency η of the thermoelectric generator.
Expression:

PE
η=
PH

Numerical result:

η = 0.0036 ± 0.0001 = 0.36 % ± 0.01 %

TASK 2

TASK 2.1.1 0.1 pts

Draw a circuit diagram to show how you connect the cell and your ammeter to the power
supply. Indicate the voltmeter of the power supply, too.

V cell

power supply

4
Solution (expressions, circuit diagrams, labels, units, etc.),
measured and calculated values + errors

TASK 2.1.2 1.0 pts

Measure the temperature difference ΔT between the top and bottom parts in the function of
time t when PP = 2.00 W is applied during 15 minutes. Fill in the Table 2.1.2 with the
measured and calculated data. Label the quantities concerning to the bottom part with index 1
and to the top part with index 2 ( R1 , T1 , R2 , T2 , e.g.).

Table 2.1.2
t (min or s) R1 (ohm) R2 (ohm) T1 (°C) T2 (°C) ΔT (K or °C)
0 106.6 106.9 17.1 17.9 0.8
0.5 107.6 105.0 19.7 13.0 -6.7
1 107.7 104.4 20.0 11.4 -8.6
2 107.8 103.7 20.3 9.6 -10.7
3 107.7 103.1 20.0 8.1 -11.9
4 107.6 102.7 19.7 7.0 -12.7
5 107.5 102.4 19.5 6.2 -13.3
6 107.3 102.1 19.0 5.5 -13.5
7 107.3 102.0 19.0 5.2 -13.8
8 107.2 101.9 18.7 4.9 -13.8
10 107.2 101.8 18.7 4.7 -14.0
12 107.1 101.7 18.4 4.4 -14.0
15 107.1 101.7 18.4 4.4 -14.0

errors:
± 0.2 ± 0.05 ± 0.05 ± 0.15 ± 0.15 ± 0.2

TASK 2.2.1 0.1 pts

Express and calculate the voltage VH to be applied on the heating resistor for the appropriate
heating powers.
Expression:

VH = PH ⋅ RH

Numerical results:

VH 1 = 7.75 V

VH 2 = 10.95 V

VH 3 = 13.42 V

5
Solution (expressions, circuit diagrams, labels, units, etc.),
measured and calculated values + errors

TASK 2.2.2 1.8 pts

Measure the temperature difference ΔT between the top and bottom parts in the function of
time t when PP = 2.00 W and different heating power PH are applied. Use 6.00 W, 12.0 W
and 18.0 W after each other and continue the measurement for 10 minutes in each case. Fill in
the Table 2.2.2 with the measured and calculated data. Label the quantities concerning to the
bottom part with index 1 and to the top part with index 2 ( R1 , T1 , R2 , T2 , e.g.).

Table 2.2.2
PH (W) t (min or s) R1 (ohm) R2 (ohm) T1 (°C) T2 (°C) ΔT (K or °C)
6.00 15 + 0 107.1 101.7 18.4 4.4 -14.0
6.00 15 + 0.5 107.2 102.0 18.7 5.2 -13.5
6.00 15 + 1 107.2 102.3 18.7 6.0 -12.7
6.00 15 + 2 107.3 103.0 19.0 7.8 -11.2
6.00 15 + 3 107.6 103.7 19.7 9.6 -10.1
6.00 15 + 4 107.8 104.1 20.3 10.6 -9.7
6.00 15 + 5 107.9 104.3 20.6 11.2 -9.4
6.00 15 + 6 108.0 104.5 20.8 11.7 -9.1
6.00 15 + 8 108.1 104.8 21.0 12.4 -8.6
6.00/12.0 15 + 10 108.2 104.9 21.3 12.7 -8.6
12.0 25 + 0.5 108.3 105.3 21.6 13.7 -7.9
12.0 25 + 1 108.3 105.7 21.6 14.8 -6.8
12.0 25 + 2 108.6 106.5 22.3 16.9 -5.4
12.0 25 + 3 108.7 107.0 22.6 18.2 -4.4
12.0 25 + 4 108.9 107.4 23.1 19.2 -3.9
12.0 25 + 6 109.2 107.9 23.9 20.5 -3.4
12.0 25 + 8 109.3 108.2 24.2 21.3 -2.9
12.0/18.0 25 + 10 109.4 108.3 24.4 21.5 -2.9
18.0 35 + 0.5 109.5 108.8 24.7 22.9 -1.8
18.0 35 + 1 109.5 109.2 24.7 23.9 -0.8
18.0 35 + 2 109.7 109.9 25.2 25.7 +0.5
18.0 35 + 3 110.0 110.5 26.0 27.3 +1.3
18.0 35 + 4 110.2 110.9 26.5 28.3 +1.8
18.0 35 + 6 110.4 111.3 27.0 29.4 +2.4
18.0 35 + 8 110.5 111.6 27.3 30.1 +2.8
18.0 35 + 10 110.6 111.8 27.5 30.6 +3.1

errors:
± 0.05 ± 0.2 ± 0.05 ± 0.05 ± 0.15 ± 0.15 ± 0.2

6
Solution (expressions, circuit diagrams, labels, units, etc.),
measured and calculated values + errors

TASK 2.2.3 1.2 pts

Using the results of Task 2.1.2 and Task 2.2.2 plot the temperature difference ΔT versus
time t . Use a graph paper and label it as Graph 2.2.3. Plot the ΔT values of Task 2.1.2 and
Task 2.2.2 in the same graph continuously after each other, i.e. the time scale should be
15 + 3 ⋅10 = 45 minutes long. You can observe that after a long enough time the temperature
difference approaches an equilibrium value ΔTE in any case if the heating power PH is kept
constant (or switched off). Estimate the four equilibrium temperature differences ΔTE .

PH = 0 ΔTE = -14.0 K ± 0.2 K (or °C)

PH = 6.00 W ΔTE = -8.6 K ± 0.1 K (or °C)

PH = 12.0 W ΔTE = -2.9 K ± 0.1 K (or °C)

PH = 18.0 W ΔTE = +3.1 K ± 0.1 K (or °C)

Don’t forget to attach Graph 2.2.3 to your answer sheet.

TASK 2.3.1 0.8 pts

Using the results of Task 2.2.3 plot the equilibrium temperature difference ΔTE versus
heating power PH . Use a graph paper and label it as Graph 2.3.1. Fit a line to the measured
data points and estimate the heating power PH 0 , where the equilibrium temperature difference
ΔTE = 0 .

PH 0 = 14.9 W ± 0.3 W

Don’t forget to attach Graph 2.3.1 to your answer sheet.

TASK 2.3.2 0.2 pts

Express and calculate the cell’s coefficient of performance ε .
Expression:

PH 0
ε=
PP

Numerical result:

ε = 7.4 ± 0.2 = 740 % ± 20 %

7
Solution (expressions, circuit diagrams, labels, units, etc.),
measured and calculated values + errors

TASK 2.3.3 0.1 pts

Using the result of Task 1.2.6 express and calculate the Peltier-current I P at PP = 2.00 W and
ΔTE = 0 .
Expression:

PP
IP =
RC

Numerical result:

I P = 1.2 A ± 0.1 A

TASK 2.3.4 0.2 pts

Express and calculate the Peltier-coefficient π of the cell at the conditions of your
measurement.
Expression:

P
PH 0 + P
PH 0
π= [or more accurate: π = 2 , the Peltier-cell has to pump one half of the Joule-
IP IP
heat, too. See Fig.5. – both solution are accepted]
Numerical result:

π = 12.5 V ± 1 V [or 13.3 V ± 1 V, according to the comment above]

TASK 3

TASK 3.1 0.3 pts

Using the result of Task 1.1.3 and Task 2.3.4 express and calculate the average absolute
temperature T of your device during the measurement.
Expression:

π
T=
α

Numerical result:

T = 290 K ± 20 K [or 310 V ± 20 V, according to the comment above]