DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF GRASS CUTTER

USING IN AGRICULTURE
A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted to

St.PETER’S INSTITUTE OF HIGHER EDUCATION AND RESEARCH

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

By

MOHAMMED ASFAR J (SP15MEU236)

FARIDUL AFRAR (SP15MEU248)
FRANKLIN AROCKIA RAJA (SP15MEU252)

supervisor
Mr.S.DINESH KUMAR, ASST.PROFESSOR

St.PETER’S INSTITUTE OF HIGHER EDUCATION AND RESEARCH

AVADI, CHENNAI – 600 054

NOVEMBER 2018
St.PETER’S INSTITUTE OF HIGHER EDUCATION AND RESEARCH

AVADI, CHENNAI – 600 054

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
Certified that this project report “DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF WEED
ELIMINATOR USING IN AGRICULTURE” is the bonfire work of
MOHAMMED ASFAR J (SP15MEU236) FARIDUL AFRAR
(SP15MEU248) FRANKLIN AROCKIA RAJA (SP15MEU252)

who carried out the project work under my supervision.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

Dr. D. CHANDRA MOHAN MR.S.DINESH KUMAR

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT ASST. PROFESSOR

Department of Mechanical Professor of Department of

Professor Mechanical Engineering

St.PETER’S INSTITUTE OF HIGHER EDUCATION AND RESEARCH

AVADI, CHENNAI – 600 054

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

II
 CERTIFICATE OF EVALUATION
COLLEGE NAME: St.PETER’S INSTITUTE OF HIGHER
EDUCATION AND RESEARCH
BRANCH : MECHANICAL
SEM/YEAR : 6th SEM/ 3rd YEAR
NAME OF THE PROJECT TITLE NAME OF SUPERVISOR
STUDENT

MOHAMMED ASFAR J DESIGN AND S. DINESH KUMAR,

(SP15MEU236) FABRICATION Asst. Professor,
FARIDUL AFRAR
PROJECT
(SP15MEU248)
FRANKLIN AROCKIA
RAJA (SP15MEU252)

This is to certify that the project entitled “DESIGN AND FABRICATION

PROJECT” is the bonfire record of work done by the above students during
the academic year 2018-2019 in partial fulfillment of the award of B.E.
Engineering degree in Mechanical Engineering of St.PETER’S INSTITUTE
OF HIGHER EDUCATION AND RESEARCH Avadi, Chennai-54.

Submitted for the Viva-voice held on ……………at St.PETER’S

INSTITUTE OF HIGHER EDUCATION AND RESEARCH.

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We take this opportunity to express our sincere gratitude to our

chairperson Dr.BANUMATHI THAMBIDURAI for her kind and
enthusiastic motivation to improve our knowledge and which has
inspired us a lot in completing this project

We hereby acknowledge our sincere gratitude to the St. Peter’s

University and Dr.FRANCIS .C.PETER, Vice Chancellor, St. Peter’s
Institute of Higher Education and Research and the management for
giving us an opportunity to undergo Bachelor of Engineering Degree
course and to undertake this project work successfully.

We wish to express our deep sense of thanks to Dr.D.CHANDRA

MOHAN, Head of Mechanical Engineering Department St. Peter’s
Institute of Higher Education and Research for supporting us carry out
this project and hi continuous motivation.

We wish to express our deep sense of thanks to our Project

coordinator S. DINESH KUMAR, Asst. Professor,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, for his valuable guidance and
suggestion rendered at each stage of this project.

We would like to express our heartfelt gratitude to all the faculty

and supporting staff of Department of Mechanical Engineering for the
help they extended for completion of project.

We also thank our parents and friends for their kind and
continual support.
 DECLARATION

We hereby declare that the project work entitled “ DESIGN AND

FABRICATION PROJECT” is the result of the original work done by us
under the guidance of Mr, S. DINESH KUMAR, Asst. Professor, and to
the best of our knowledge. A similar work has not been submitted earlier to
any university for the fulfillment of the requirement of a course of study.

Date:
Place:

Signature of the student

MOHAMMED ASFAR J (SP15MEU236)

FARIDUL AFRAR (SP15MEU248)

FRANKLIN AROCKIA RAJA (SP15MEU252)

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. ABSTRACT

1INTRODUCTION

1.1 PROJECT SYNOPSIS

1.2 THE CONCEPT OF GRASS CUTTER

2. FABRICATION
2.1. MATERIAL SPECIFICATION

2.1.1 SHAFT OR AXLE

2.1.2 SQUARE PIPE
2.1.3 FIBRE WHEEL
2.1.4 CUTTER
2.2. EQUIPMEMT USED IN FABRICATION
2.2.1 WELDING
2.2.2 DRILLING
2.2.3 LATHE (MACHINIG)
2.2.4ANGLE GRINDER

2.3 FABRICATION OF DIFFERENT

PARTS OF MACHINE
2.4MODEL

3. EXPENDITURE
4. CONCLUSION
5. BIBLIOGRAPHY
6. REFRENCE
LIST OF FIGURES
FABRICATION
3.1.1 ARC WELDING
3.1.2 RADIAL DRILL
3.1.3 LATHE
3.1.4 DISC CUTTER
3.1 FRAME
3.2 AXLE &WHEEL
3.3 MOTOR & TOOL
3.4 DIMETRIC VIEW
3.5 TOP VIEW
 ABSTRACT

Agriculture has a dominant role in the Indian economy contributing nearly 14

percent of the national income, providing employment to about 70 percent of
the working population and accounting for a sizeable share of the country’s
foreign exchange earnings. Agriculture provides the food grains to feed the
large population 76.1 crores of this country. Besides it provides fodder for an
equally large cattle population. It is also the supplier of row material to many
industries. With the use of modern and advanced technologies, efficiency of the
agricultural industry has improved in developed countries.

In this project, the aim is to create an innovative machine for the farmers of
India, who sustain for their family according to the survey of Indian farming
dept.30% of farmers, are sustainable farmers.

In agriculture fields or in nursery or even in house growing grass is commonly

found problem. Removal of the grass is also a tedious job involving lot if
human effort. In the modern world as time for carrying out anything has
reduced drastically so as to be done the removal of grass involving use of a
machine.

This machine can be called as grass cutter. Depending on its variants it can be
termed differently like solar battery powered etc.
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 PROJECT SYNOPSIS

The purpose of this project was to design and fabricate a grass cutter. This
project involves designing and fabricating grass cutter. With a newly designed
and fabricated a grass cutter it must include additional function to make it
different from other product in the market with a newly designed and fabricated
machine. This makes it easier for the farmer to use it.

The restless attitude of mankind towards innovations has given birth to major
inventions, which have not only provided the ease to human beings, but also
improvements in efficiency which further lead to better productivity on the cost
of less skills. The advancements in agriculture are necessary to balance the
demand and supply as population is increasing day by day. As compare to the
last fifty years and earlier, the demand of food has accelerated. To overcome the
requirements, the deployment of modern technology over this vital source for
humans is intolerable.

From the beginning, agriculture is crucial part of human society due to the
reality that man and agriculture is directly related to each other. This fact leads
towards the advancement and enhancement of the typical, inappropriate and
time consuming methodologies, used for agriculture. The word agriculture is a
late Middle English adaptation of Latin agriculture, from ager, "field", and
culture, "cultivation" or "growing". To practice agriculture means to use
natural resources to "produce commodities which maintain life, including food,
fiber, forest products, horticultural crops, and their related services."

1.2 THECONCEPT OF GRASS CUTTER

Generally speaking, if a machine/artifact or any system does something that we
think an intelligent person can do, then the machine is considered to be smart
machine.
The grass cutting machine is available in the various types like reel (cylinder)
mower, rotary and mulching mower, hover mower, riding mower, professional
mower etc. but these are very costly and unaffordable. It required a skilled
person to operate. Hence, it was found necessary to have a grass cutter which
can be operated by electricity or battery (motor) with minimum initial cost and
can be operated by unskilled labour.
 CHAPTER 2
FABRICATION
2.1 MATERIAL SPECIFICATION

After the design calculations the material for each operations are selected and
description of these selected materials are given below:

2.1.1 SHAFT OR AXLE:

Shaft of diameter= 25 mm
Total length = 95 mm

2.1.2 SQUARE PIPE:

 Square pipe
Inner Diameter = 20 mm
Outer Diameter = 22 mm
Total length = 580 * 255 mm

 Square pipe below

Inner Diameter = 20 mm
Outer Diameter = 22 mm
Total length = 125 * 255 mm

2.1.3 FIBER WHEEL:

 Fiber wheel
Inner Diameter = 25 mm
Outer Diameter = 196 mm
Thickness = 45 mm

2.1.4 CUTTER:
 Cutter
Diameter = 3.5 mm
Total length = 255 mm

2.2EQUIPMENTS USED IN FABRICATION

2.2.1 Welding
Welding is a fabrication process that joins materials, usually metals or
thermoplastics, by causing coalescence. This is often done by melting the
work pieces and adding a filler material to form a pool of molten material
(the weld puddle) that cools to become a strong joint, with pressure
sometimes used in conjunction with heat, or by itself, to produce the weld.
This is in contrast with soldering and brazing, which involve melting a
lower-melting-point material between the work pieces to form a bond
between them, without melting the work pieces. A weld occurs when pieces
of metal are joined by causing the interface to melt and blend prior to
solidifying as a uniform metal joint. This process may be caused by heat,
pressure or a combination of both. When heat alone is used the process is
called fusion welding. Pressure welding usually involves heating the surfaces
to a plastic state and then forcing the metal together. The heating can be by
electric current of by friction resulting from moving one surface relative to
the other. The methods and equipment used for welding metal are also
associated with cutting metal. There are a large number of welding and allied
processes including the following.

2.2.2 Arc Welding (Shielded Metal Arc Welding)

Electric Arc welding is based on providing an electric circuit comprising

the electric current source the feed and return path, the electrode and the
work piece. The arc welding process involves the creation of a suitable
small gap between the electrode and the work piece. When the circuit is
made a large current flows and an arc is formed between the electrode
and the work piece. The resulting high temperatures causing the work
piece and the electrode to melt the electrode are consumable. It includes
metal for the weld, a coating which burns off to form gases which shield
the weld from the air and flux which combines with the nitrides and oxide
generated at the weld. When the weld 27 solidifies a crust is formed from
the impurities created in the weld process (Slag). This is easily chipped
away.

There are several work pieces material requirements for arc welding;
Have a well-defined melting point
must electrically conducting
Have a reasonably high thermal conductivity

WELDING ELECTRODES

An electrode is a piece of wire or a rod of a metal or alloy, with or

without coatings. An arc is set up between electrode and work piece.
Welding electrodes are classified into following types-

(1)Consumable Electrodes
(a) Bare Electrodes
(b) Coated Electrodes
 (2) Non-consumable Electrodes
(a) Carbon or Graphite Electrodes
(b) Tungsten Electrodes

Consumable electrode is made of different metals and their alloys. The

end of this electrode starts melting when arc is struck between the
electrode and work piece. Thus consumable electrode itself acts as a filler
metal. Bare electrodes consist of a metal or alloy wire without any flux
coating on them. Coated electrodes have flux coating which starts melting
as soon as an electric arc is struck. This coating on melting performs
many functions like prevention of joint from atmospheric contamination,
arc stabilizers etc.

Non-consumable electrodes are made up of high melting point materials

like carbon, pure tungsten or alloy tungsten etc. These electrodes do not
melt away during welding. But practically, the electrode length goes on
decreasing with the passage of time, because of oxidation and
vaporization of the electrode material during welding. The materials of
non-consumable electrodes are usually copper coated carbon or graphite,
pure tungsten, thoriated or zirconiated tungsten.

PRINICPLES OF ARC WELDING

Fig 3.1.1: arc welding

2.2.3 LATHE MACHINE (3 JAW CHUCK)

Lathes are used in woodturning, metalworking, metal spinning, thermal
spraying, parts reclamation, and glass-working. Lathes can be used to shape
pottery, the best-known design being the potter's wheel. Most suitably equipped
metalworking lathes can also be used to produce most solids of revolution,
plane surfaces and screw threads or helices. Ornamental lathes can produce
three-dimensional solids of incredible complexity. The work piece is usually
held in place by either one or two centers, at least one of which can typically be
moved horizontally to accommodate varying workpiece lengths. Other work-
holding methods include clamping the work about the axis of rotation using a
chuck or collet, or to a faceplate, using clamps

METAL WORKING

In a metalworking lathe, metal is removed from the work piece using a

hardened cutting tool, which is usually fixed to a solid moveable mounting,
either a tool-post or a turret, which is then moved against the work piece using
hand wheels and/or computer-controlled motors. These cutting tools come in a
wide range of sizes and shapes, depending upon their application. Some
common styles are diamond, round, square and triangular.

Fig 3.1.2: lathe machine

2.2.4 ANGLE GRINDER

Known as a side grinder or disc grinder, is a handheld power tool used for
cutting, grinding and polishing. Angle grinders can be powered by an electric
motor, petrol engine or compressed air. The motor drives a geared head at a
right-angle on which is mounted an abrasive disc or a thinner cut-off disc, either of which can be
replaced when worn. Angle grinders typically have an adjustable guard and a side-handle for two-
handed operation. Certain angle grinders, depending on their speed range, can be used as sanders,
disc. The backing system is typically
employing a sanding disc with a backing pad or
made of hard plastic, phenolic resin, or medium-hard rubber depending on the
amount of flexibility desired.
USES

Angle grinders are widely used in metalworking and construction, as well as in

emergency rescues. They are commonly found in workshops, service garages
and auto body repair shops. There is a large variety of angle grinders to choose
from when trying to find the right one for the job. The most important factors in
choosing the right grinder are the disc size and how powerful the motor is.

Fig3.1.3: angle grinder

3.1.3 FABRICATION OF DIFFERENT PARTS OF MACHINES

 Chassis frame is the base of the machine on which body is to be mounted

with the wheels. The square pipe was cut according to given dimensions
then it was welded.

 A shaft of length 95mm and 25mm diameter was taken and then was
machined to .2mm to fix the wheel at both ends of the shaft in order to
insert the wheels 20mm at the end with the help of the angle grinder
metal was removed to create an arc shape for the metering of the seed.
The machined axle and the fixed bearing were then welded at the end of
the frame.
 A tool is arranged to the motor to cut the grass in agriculture fields or in
nursery or even in house growing grass is commonly found problem.

Fig 3.3: Motor & tool

FABRICATED MODEL

FIG 3.4: SYSTEMATIC VIEW

FIG 3.5: TOP VIEW
 EXPENDITURE

A B C

EQUIPMENT QUANTITY AMOUNT in rupees

1 MILD STEEL PIPE 7 450

2 SHAFT 2 400

3 FIBER WHEEL 2 600

4 MOTOR 1 550

5 WIRE 2m 90

6 WELDING 525

7 MACHINING 500

8 CUTTING 350

9 MISCELLENEOUS 650

TOTAL 4200/-
 CONCLUSION

The small scale grass cutter machine is designed and fabricated. The cost of the
machine is about Rupees 4,200 and if the farmer buys this machine, farmer can
easily cut the waste grass in their fields or gardens etc.,. Due to the lighter
structure of the machine, the equipment can be transported easily. By using this
machine problem of the labour crises can be reduced. It makes the process faster
hence reduces most of the time and labour required to operate the machine is
also less
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
I. WWW.GOOGLE.COM
II. WWW.WIKIPEDIA.COM
III. WWW.SCIENCEDIRECT.COM
IV. WWW.POPULAR MECHANICS .COM
V. WWW.GIZMAG.COM
VI. WWW.ASIAN FARMERS .COM
 REFERENCE
1. “Design and Fabrication of Multipurpose Robust Cutting Machine for
Agriculture” (2011-2012 Project Report) (Retrieved on April 17, 2013).

2. http://www.scribd.com/doc/24318702/Is-808-1989-Steel-Table (Retrieved on
February 20, 2013).

3. H t t p : / / www. s h r i j e e . c om/ a g r i /
gclid=CP7I5rnykLYCFQd76wodCzIAwA (Retrieved on February 25, 2013).

4. h t t p : / / e n . WI k i p e d i a . o r g / wi k i / Sugarcane harvester (Retrieved

on
February 4, 2013).

5. http://www.zelmeroz.com/album_rail/ctn/ctn_07.pdf (Retrieved on
February16,
2013).

6. Mahadevan K and Balaveera Reddy K (2013), Design Data Hand Book, 3rd
Edition (Retrieved on April 15).