Answer This question has to be marked holistically and in the context of the experiment

described.
(a) draw and label a circuit diagram of the apparatus to be used,
Circuit that would work (1)
Means of varying p.d. (1)
(b) state the quantities to be measured, suggesting a suitable measuring instrument for each
quantity
Current with ammeter (1)
p.d. with voltmeter (1)
[Accept multimeters if setting identified]
(c) comment on whether repeat readings are appropriate in this case,
Repeat readings appropriate since mean can be found
Or Repeat readings appropriate to identify errors (1)
(d) sketch the graph to be drawn and explain how the data collected will be used to determine the
resistance at a given potential difference,
Either
Plot graph of current against p.d. Or plot a graph of p.d. against current (1)
Sketch of graph (1)
Use of R= V/I at a point to determine resistance (1)
Or
Use of R= V/I to determine resistance (1)
1 Plot graph of resistance against p.d. Or Plot graph of p.d. against resistance (1)
Sketch of graph (1)

(e) identify the main sources of uncertainty and/or systematic error,

Any two from (1)
Zero error on meter (1)
Resistance inherent in circuit (1)
Parallax errors with analogue meters (1)
(f) comment on safety
Sensible identification of risk with justification (1)
Example of answers (1)
low risk experiment as only 12 V
avoid touching the hot lamp (which could cause burns) (1)

Answer
Newcomb’s range is 299 880 to 299 820 Or a numerical approach which can be used to show Newcomb’s value
is outside current range (1)
2(a) A comparative statement e.g. Newcomb’s value is outside the (currently) accepted range (1) 2
Example of answer
299 850 – 30 is outside range of current accepted value (scores 2)
2 max
Michelson’s range is 299 800 to 299 792 Or an appropriate numerical
approach (1)
2(b) Currently accepted value is (just) inside this range (1) 2
Comparative statement about (%) uncertainties (1)
Example of an answer
299796 -4 or % uncertainty is 1 × 10-3 % (scores MP1only)
Attempt to find % uncertainty using half the range or the whole range (1)
2(c) 2
% uncertainty = 3.3 × 10-7 (%) or 6.7 × 10-7 (%)(1)

Answer

3(a) m‒2 Or 1/m2 (1) 1

3(b) Max 2 2
Inconsistent sf/dp (1)
No repeat readings Or no averaging (1)
 Large gap between 64 and 16 Or poor choice of d values (1)
3(c) First value 1.8 (1) 2
2nd value 1 or 1.0 (1)
Explicit or implicit comparison to y = mx or y = mx+c (1)
3(d) Intensity (directly) proportional to inverse square distance 2
Or intercept (c) is zero (1)
Axes labelled (1)
With units (allow ecf from (a)) (1)
3(e) Sensible scales (1) 5
Correct plotting of candidate’s data from table (1)
Best fit line (1)
Calculation of 1/d2 (may be implicit) (1)
3(f) I = 380 - 410 Wm‒2 (1) 2
(accept gradient calculation method)
Question Mar
Answer
Number k
4 (a) Max 2 (1) 2
Use of paper/pins to trace path of ray (1)
Ensure there is a thin ray (from the ray box). (1)
Comment on using centre of block (1)
 Normal drawn (at A) / measure from normal
Mark the ray, then measure the angle (1)
Use large angles of incidence/wide range (1)
Repeat and take average (1)
Work in a dark room. (1)
(Do not accept no parallax since protractor will be on the paper)
Max 3 (1)
There is a missing unit.
(1)
There are only five sets of results/too few results.
(1)
(b) No repeats/mean shown. 3
(1)
Inconsistent increase in angle / large gap between first two readings
(1)
Small range
There is inconsistent precision in incidence and/or refraction. (1)
Correct drawing of normal with rule
i = 40˚  1˚ (ignore sig fig and unit)
r = 25˚  1˚ (ignore sig fig and unit)
Correct values of sin to 3 sig fig for both their values 4
Angle /◦ Sin angle (1)
24 0.407 (1)
(c)
25 0.423 (1)
26 0.438 (1)
39 0.629
40 0.643
41 0.656
(If angles wrong way round but sin correct can score 1 mark for values and sin)
y-axis labelled sin i and x-axis labelled sin r (1)
Appropriate choice of scale (1)
(d) Plotting of points (if no values written in table, ignore missing point - ecf) 4
(1)
Line of best fit: either ‘balanced’ or through (0.40, 0.60)  0.01 (allow ecf) (1)
Use of  = gradient of graph
Substitution of pairs of readings from their graph based on a large triangle (including (1)
(e) (0,0) but not values from table unless on their line) (1) 3
Value of  between 1.45 and 1.60 to 2 or 3 sig fig with no unit (1)
(value within range with no supporting calculation does not score the mark)