;;; ( .:*.

(3 /

/ /
 * */ /
DEO IQO HA PKIU CQE A EO AOEC A PK OANRA O HA N E C PKKH BKN PDKOA OPQ UE C BKN BEP AOO
NAH PA MQ HEBE PEK O KN PDEO LQNLKOA PDA KHKQNA P O P PDA KPPKI KB A D L CA E E PA SDAPDAN
PDA E BKNI PEK NAH PAO PK G KSHA CA NAMQENAIA PO BKN ARAH BEP AOO E OPNQ PEK KN ARAH
LANOK H PN E E C HA OA KPA PD P PDA G KSHA CA BKN ARAH HOK BKNIO L NP KB PDA ARAH
NAMQENAIA P DA P O I NGA EPEK H G KSHA CAY DECDHECDP IQO HAO PD P NA OQLLHAIA P NU PK
ARAH G KSHA CA NAMQENAIA PO
DA E BKNI PEK D O AA LNAOA PA E OPAL U OPAL BKNI P PD P SEHH KP K HU E NAREOEK QP SEHH
HOK OQLLKNP QOA KB PDA I Q H QNE C LN PE H SKNGODKLO * D E ERE Q H IQO HA KN IQO HA CNKQL EO
EHHQOPN PA SEPD KNECE E OANPEK LKE PO O SAHH O NAHAR P K U H I NGO PDA KIL UE C
PATP I GAO QOA KB PDA BKHHKSE C E K O PK OEILHEBU Q ANOP E C E NAREOEK
 / *
* , **
DA IQO HAO KB PDA HAC BKKP LH U GAU NKHA
E PDA OQLLKNP HK KIKPEK KB PDA DQI
K U DAOA IQO HAO NA KBPA ERE A E PK BKQN
CNKQLO PDA HBY IQO HAO LKOPANEKN HAC PDA
LANK A HO H PAN H HAC PDA GHA PKA ATPA OKNO
PANEKN HAC PDA GHA PKA BHATKNO AAL
LKOPANEKN HAC P PDA GHA PDA IQO HAO BQ PEK
PK KNOEBHAT ATPA KN LH P N BHAT BHAT PDA
BKKP E PDA BKKP PDANA NA A IKRAIA PO
KB E RANOEK ARANOEK BHATEK ATPA OEK KB
PDA PKAO DA HAC IQO HAO PD P P K PDA BKKP
NA KBPA G KS O PDA ATPNE OE BKKP IQO HAO
SDEHOP PDA IQO HAO HK PA AALAN E PDA BKKP NA
NABANNA PK O E PNE OE
DAEN PKIU EO A OEHU OPQ EA O IKOP KB PDAOA
IQO HAO NA ENA PHU AOOE HA PK L HL PEK
SEPD PDA AT ALPEK KB PDA LKLHEPAQO PDAU HH
PP D PK PDA BKKP
, OPNK AIEQO Q EK , OPNK AIEQO
P E C KPK A
ULA UKQN
PAN PKAO
PATP DA C OPNK AIEQO EO PDA IKOP
; HGE C QLDEHH HEI E C OP ENO OQLANBE E H IQO HA KB PDA LKOPANEKN HAC
(KILNEOE C KB PSK DA O EP NKOOAO
A HHE C EGA QLDEHH KPD PDA GHA G AA FKE PO
ORIGIN
1 ( * ( .32 H P N BHATEK KB
PDA GHA BHATEK KB PDA G AA Posterior, lower femur
) EHU

OA
( N EK U HE C S HGE C
NQ E C OPALLAN NKSAN
AOEOP A HB N EOA OMQ P
HQ CA A HEBP OPAL QL 

HAC LNAOO HAC QNH
KSAN FQILE C DKLLE C
INSERTION
Calcaneus (via
H A OE CHA HAC H A

ATAN EOAO calcaneal tendon)
,UI
B PO IQO HA
2.1
 KHAQO Q EK KHAQO
P E C K UKQN PKAO DA PDE G OKHAQO IQO HA EO AAL PK PDA
; HGE C QLDEHH HEI E C OP ENO C OPNK AIEQO DKSARAN EPO IA E H
H PAN H BE NAO NA HA NHU L HL HA
A HHE C EGA QLDEHH ATPA BQNPDAN EOP H PD PDA DA O KB
PDA C OPNK AIEQO ORIGIN
Upper, posterior tibia
1 ( * ( .32 H P N BHATEK KB
PDA GHA
) EHU

OA
( N EK U HE C S HGE C
NQ E C OPALLAN NKSAN
AOEOP A HB N EOA OMQ P
HQ CA A HEBP OPAL QL HAC
LNAOO HAC QN
KSAN FQILE C DKLLE C
 INSERTION
Calcaneus (via calcaneal tendon)
H A OE CHA HAC H A
ATAN EOAO
,UI
B PO IQO HA
2.2
 H P NEO Q EK H P NEO
P E C K UKQN PKAO DA LH P NEO EO ODKNP IQO HA PD P HEAO
; HGE C QLDEHH HEI E C OP ENO P K HEMQA CHA HK C PDA LKOPANEKN
G AA UAP D O PDA HK CAOP PA K E PDA
A HHE C EGA QLDEHH K U SDE D ATPA O KS PDA HA CPD KB
PDA HAC PP DAO PK PDA H AQO .P ORIGIN
CA AN HHU SKNGO SEPD PDA C OPNK AIEQO Lateral lower edge of
the femur
1 ( * ( .32 ;A GHU LH P N
) EHU

BHATAO PDA GHA SA GHU BHATAO PDA G AA
OA
( N EK U HE C S HGE C
NQ E C OPALLAN NKSAN
AOEOP A HB N EOA OMQ P
HQ CA A HEBP OPAL QL HAC
LNAOO HAC QNH

KSAN FQILE C DKLLE C

INSERTION
H A OE CHA HAC H A
Calcaneus (via calcaneal
ATAN EOAO tendon)
,UI
B PO IQO HA
2.3
 KLHEPAQO Q EK KLHEPAQO
Q E C U HE C OSEIIE C DA LKLHEPAQO EO OI HH IQO HA HK PA
HK GO PDA G AA QNE C E PDA LKLHEPA H OL A UE C A A PD PDA
S HGE C NQ E C C OPNK AIEQO LH P NEO EP EO PDA
AALAOP IQO HA KB PDA LKOPANEKN G AA
NKPA PO H PAN H IA EO QO
QNE C G AA BHATEK
1 ( * ( .32 . PAN HHU NKP PAO ORIGIN
PDA BHATA G AA BHATAO PDA G AA Lateral lower edge
) EHU
 of the femur
OA
( N EK U HE C S HGE C
NQ E C
AOEOP A HAC QNH HAC LNAOO
OMQ P
KSAN FQILE C GE GE C
H A OE CHA HAC OMQ P
INSERTION
Posterior surface of the tibia
,UI
B PO IQO HA
2.4
 ANK AQO HK CQO Q EK ANK AQO HK CQO NAREO
NAREO
N LE C IQ KBB E OE A A CA DA LANK AQO HK CQO NAREO NA
KB ODKA OHA AN IQO HAO HK PA K PDA H PAN H
; HGE C NQ E C KBB NK OE A KB PDA HAC HUE C APSAA PDA ORIGIN
ATPA OKN ECEPKNQI HK CQO PDA Head of fibula, and lateral
. A OG PE C A KB OPNKGA
OKHAQO DAEN EOP H PA K O NA L HL HA
HK C PDA OE A KB PDA DAAH ADE PDA
surface of fibula
H PAN H I HHAKHQO
) EHU

1 ( * ( .32 *RANP PDA BKKP
OA LH P N BHAT PDA GHA
Peroneus longus INSERTION
( N EK S HGE C NQ E C
OPALLE C Base of first
AOEOP A HB N EOA GHA metatarsal and
ARANOEK
medial cuneiform
KSAN DKLLE C FQILE C
QPPE C LH PE C Peroneus brevis (longus);
H A OE CHA HAC H A tuberosity of fifth
ATAN EOAO OP EHEO PEK metatarsal (brevis)
,UI
B PO IQO HA
2.5
 E E HEO PANEKN Q EK E E HEO PANEKN
QPPE C K P GE C KBB DA PE E HEO PANEKN EO H NCA OQLANBE E H
OK GO ODKAO IQO HA PDA IKOP REOE HA KB PDA
EBPE C BKKP QNE C OSE C ATPA OKNO KB PDA GHA PKAO .P HEAO
LD OA KB C EP C E OP PDA H PAN H OQNB A KB PDA PE E
ORIGIN
Lateral, upper tibia
1 ( * ( .32 )KNOEBHATEK
E RANOEK KB PDA GHA
) EHU

OA
( N EK S HGE C NQ E C
U HE C SEPD HA PO
AOEOP A OP E C HUE C
GHA KNOEBHATEK
KSAN DKLLE C FQILE C
H E C QPPE C LH PE C
H A OE CHA HAC H A INSERTION
ATAN EOAO OP EHEO PEK
First metatarsal
and medial tarsal
,UI
B PO IQO HA
2.6
*TPA OKN ECEPKNQI Q EK *TPA OKN ECEPKNQI HK CQO
HK CQO
QPPE C K P GE C KBB DA ATPA OKN ECEPKNQI HK CQO EO
OK GO ODKAO L NPE HHU OQLANBE E H HEAO APSAA PDA
EBPE C BKKP QNE C OSE C PE E HEO PANEKN PDA LANK A HO .PO
LD OA KB C EP BKQN PA K O NA HA NHU L HL HA K PDA ORIGIN
; HGE C NABKKP K DKP O KNO H OQNB A KB PDA BKKP
Upper lateral tibia,
anterior surface of
1 ( * ( .32 *RANPO PDA BKKP fibula
KNOEBHATAO PDA GHA ATPA O OA K
) EHU

PDNKQCD BEBPD PKAO
OA
( N EK S HGE C NQ E C
U HE C SEPD HA PO
AOEOP A OP E C HUE C
GHA KNOEBHATEK
INSERTION
KSAN DKLLE C FQILE C
H E C QPPE C LH PE C Phalanges of second
H A OE CHA HAC H A through fifth toes
ATAN EOAO OP EHEO PEK
,UI
B PO IQO HA
2.7
*TPA OKN D HHQ EO HK CQO Q EK *TPA OKN D HHQ EO HK CQO
QPPE C K P GE C KBB DA ATPA OKN D HHQ EO HK CQO HEAO AAL PK
OK GO ODKAO PDA PANEKN PE E HEO PDA ATPA OKN
EBPE C BKKP QNE C OSE C ECEPKNQI HK CQO EO KP ENA PHU
LD OA KB C EP L HL HA DKSARAN EPO EOP H PA K
; HGE C NABKKP K DKP O A L HL PA K PDA KNO H OQNB A KB PDA
BKKP ORIGIN
Anterior surface of fibula
1 ( * ( .32 . RANPO PDA BKKP
) EHU

KNOEBHATAO PDA GHA ATPA O PDA BENOP
OA PKA
( N EK S HGE C NQ E C
U HE C SEPD HA PO
AOEOP A OP E C HUE C
GHA KNOEBHATEK
KSAN DKLLE C FQILE C INSERTION
H E C QPPE C LH PE C
First toe
H A OE CHA HAC H A
ATAN EOAO OP EHEO PEK
,UI
B PO IQO HA
2.8
 HATKN D HHQ EO HK CQO Q EK HATKN D HHQ EO HK CQO
; HGE C K PEL PKAO DA BHATKN D HHQ EO HK CQO EO K A KB PDNAA
; HGE C K Q ARA OQNB AO OHA AN IQO HAO KB PDA LKOPANEKN
KIL NPIA P KB PDA HAC DA IQO HA
QN E C PDA PD P L K KBB ORIGIN
NEOAO BNKI PDA E BANEKN BE QH N OQNB A
SEPD UKQN PKAO Middle half of
EPO BE NAO L OO K HEMQAHU KS S N
GS N DAHLE C PK OQLLKNP PDA posterior fibula
HK CEPQ E H N D KB PDA BKKP
) EHU

1 ( * ( .32 HATAO PDA BENOP
OA PKA E RANPO PDA BKKP SA GHU LH P N
BHATAO PDA GHA
( N EK S HGE C NQ E C
AOEOP A PKA CNELLE C
ATAN EOAO
KSAN DKLLE C FQILE C
QPPE C LH PE C
H A OE CHA HAC H A
ATAN EOAO OP EHEO PEK
INSERTION
First toe
,UI
B PO IQO HA
2.9
 E E HEO LKOPANEKN Q EK E E HEO LKOPANEKN
QODE C KS K N LA HO DA PE E HEO LKOPANEKN EO PDA IKOP A PN H
; HGE C K Q ARA OQNB AO KB PDA IQO HAO KB PDA LKOPANEKN
KIL NPIA P KB PDA HAC .P EO HOK PDA ORIGIN
AALAOP KB HH PDA HB IQO HAO DAHLO
OQLLKNP PDA N D KB PDA BKKP
Posterior
surface of
tibia and
1 ( * ( .32 . RANPO PDA BKKP fibula
LH P N BHATAO PDA GHA
) EHU

OA
( N EK S HGE C NQ E C
AOEOP A A P G AA
OA PA HB N EOAO
KSAN DKLLE C FQILE C
QPPE C LH PE C
H A OE CHA HAC H A
ATAN EOAO OP EHEO PEK INSERTION
All five tarsal
bones and bases of
second through to
fourth metatarsals
,UI
B PO IQO HA
2.10
 HATKN ECEPKNQI HK CQO Q EK HATKN ECEPKNQI HK CQO
; HGE C K Q ARA OQNB AO DA BHATKN ECEPKNQI HK CQO EO OEPQ PA
L NPE QH NHU NABKKP K PDA PE E H OE A KB PDA HAC .PO BE NAO
QN E C PDA PD P L K KBB L OO K HEMQAHU BKNS N H PAN H
SEPD UKQN PKAO A E CE PA K PD P L OOAO ADE
PDA IA E H I HHAKHQO Q AN PDA BKKP
1 ( * ( .32 HATAO PDA OA K
PDNKQCD PK BEBPD PKAO SA GHU LH P N ORIGIN
) EHU

BHATAO PDA GHA E RANPO PDA BKKP Posterior surface of tibia
OA
( N EK S HGE C NQ E C
AOEOP A A P G AA
OA PA HB N EOAO
KSAN DKLLE C FQILE C
QPPE C LH PE C
H A OE CHA HAC H A
ATAN EOAO OP EHEO PEK
INSERTION
Phalanges of second
through to fifth toes
,UI
B PO IQO HA
2.11
 / *
DA IQO HAO KB PDA LAHREO PDECD LNEI NEHU
LNK Q A IKRAIA P NKQ PDA DEL G AA
FKE PO LH U LERKP H NKHA E U IE
OP EHEO PEK KB PDA K U DAOA IQO HAO NA
KBPA ERE A E PK BERA CNKQLO PDA MQ NE ALO
PANEKN H PAN H PDECD PDA D IOPNE CO
LKOPANEKN PDECD PDA CHQPA HO LKOPANEKN H PAN H
DEL PDA Q PKNO IA E H PDECD PDA H PAN H
NKP PKNO AAL H PAN H DEL P PDA DEL PDA
IQO HAO BQ PEK PK BHAT ATPA IA E HHU
H PAN HHU NKP PA Q P Q P PDA DEL FKE P
P PDA G AA PDAOA IQO HAO LNK Q A IKRAIA PO
KB BHATEK ATPA OEK IA E H H PAN H NKP PEK
HK C SEPD PDKOA KB PDA HKSAN HAC BKKP PDAOA
IQO HAO L NPE QH NHU PDA CHQPA HO
MQ NE ALO NA Q EMQAHU LPA BKN ABBE EA P
ELA H C EP
 Q NE ALO CNKQL Q EK Q NE ALO CNKQL
P E C QL BNKI OEPPE C A PQO BAIKNEO
LKOEPEK
: OPQO E PANIA EQO ORIGIN
PALLE C QL K PK QN AIIS
/E GE C HH : OPQO IA E HEO Ilium and femur
P EHEO PEK KB PDA G AA : OPQO H PAN HEO
QNE C OMQ PPE C A E C
DA BKQN H NCA IQO HAO KB PDA
) EHU
 Rectus femoris
MQ NE ALO LNEI NEHU ATPA PDA G AA
OA KNECE PA BNKI PDA LAHREO QLLAN
A KB PDA PDECD K RANCE C E PK OE CHA
PA K FQOP KRA PDA G AA Vastus lateralis
2
DA OQLANBE E H NA PQO BAIKNEO HK PA
K PDA PANEKN PDECD EO PDA K HU IQO HA
PD P NKOOAO PDA DEL G AA R OPQO
E PANIA EQO EO AAL PK PDA NA PQO
BAIKNEO DA R OPQO IA E HEO BKNIO Vastus medialis
PA N NKLY OD LA P PDA EOP H A KB PDA
IA E H PDECD SDEHA PDA R OPQO H PAN HEO
NQ O HK C PDA H PAN H PDECD
Patella
1 ( * ( .32 *TPA OEK KB PDA INSERTION
G AA BHATEK KB PDA DEL Tibial tuberosity
Tibia
,UI
B PO IQO HA
3.1
 A PQO BAIKNEO Q EK A PQO BAIKNEO
P E C QL BNKI OEPPE C 1 ( * ( .32 HATEK KB PDA DEL
LKOEPEK 
 ATPA OEK KB PDA G AA
PALLE C QL K PK QN ORIGIN
/E GE C HH Anterior inferior iliac
P EHEO PEK KB PDA G AA spine (AIIS)
QNE C OMQ PPE C A E C
) EHU

OA
( N EK U HE C S HGE C
NQ E C OPALLAN NKSAN NKOO
PN E AN
AOEOP A HAC LNAOO G AA
ATPA OEK OMQ P A HEBP
HQ CA OPAL QL R NE PEK O
KSAN FQILE C DKLLE C

H A OE CHA HAC ATAN EOA
R NE PEK O
INSERTION
Anterior, upper tibia
via the patella
,UI
B PO IQO HA
3.2
: OPQO E PANIA EQO Q EK : OPQO E PANIA EQO
P E C QL BNKI OEPPE C 1 ( * ( .32 *TPA OEK KB PDA
LKOEPEK G AA
PALLE C QL K PK QN
/E GE C HH
P EHEO PEK KB PDA G AA
QNE C OMQ PPE C A E C
ORIGIN
Anterior and
) EHU
 lateral surface
OA of the femur
( N EK U HE C S HGE C
NQ E C OPALLAN NKSAN NKOO
PN E AN
AOEOP A HAC LNAOO G AA
ATPA OEK OMQ P A HEBP
HQ CA OPAL QL R NE PEK O
KSAN FQILE C DKLLE C
H A OE CHA HAC ATAN EOA
R NE PEK O
INSERTION
Anterior,
upper tibia
,UI via the patella
B PO IQO HA
3.3
: OPQO IA E HEO Q EK : OPQO IA E HEO
P E C QL BNKI OEPPE C 1 ( * ( .32 *TPA OEK KB PDA
LKOEPEK G AA
PALLE C QL K PK QN
/E GE C HH
P EHEO PEK KB PDA G AA
QNE C OMQ PPE C A E C
ORIGIN
Medial surface
) EHU

OA
of the femur
( N EK U HE C S HGE C
NQ E C OPALLAN NKSAN NKOO
PN E AN
AOEOP A HAC LNAOO G AA
ATPA OEK OMQ P A HEBP
HQ CA OPAL QL R NE PEK O
KSAN FQILE C DKLLE C
H A OE CHA HAC ATAN EOA
R NE PEK O
INSERTION
Anterior, upper
tibia via the
patella
,UI
B PO IQO HA
3.4
: OPQO H PAN HEO Q EK : OPQO H PAN HEO
P E C QL BNKI OEPPE C 1 ( * ( .32 *TPA OEK KB PDA
LKOEPEK G AA
PALLE C QL K PK QN
ORIGIN
/E GE C HH
Greater
P EHEO PEK KB PDA G AA
QNE C OMQ PPE C A E C trochanter
and lateral
surface of
) EHU

the femur
OA
( N EK U HE C S HGE C
NQ E C OPALLAN NKSAN NKOO
PN E AN
AOEOP A HAC LNAOO G AA
ATPA OEK OMQ P A HEBP
HQ CA OPAL QL R NE PEK O
KSAN FQILE C DKLLE C
H A OE CHA HAC ATAN EOA
R NE PEK O
INSERTION
Anterior, upper
tibia via the patella
,UI
B PO IQO HA
3.5
- IOPNE CO CNKQL Q EK - IOPNE CO CNKQL
Q E C U HE C OSEIIE C E ALO BAIKNEO
(HEI E C OP ENO AIEPA E KOQO
P EHEO PEK KB PDA DEL SDA
A E C AIEIAI N KOQO
;ELE C BAAP K KKNI P Ischial tuberosity
ORIGIN
DA D IOPNE CO NA HK PA HK C PDA
LKOPANEKN PDECD NA KP O EC O PDA Ischium
) EHU
 MQ NE ALO PDAU NA ARANPDAHAOO OPNK C and femur
DEL ATPA OKNO G AA BHATKNO HH PDNAA
OA Biceps femoris
D IOPNE C IQO HAO D RA KIIK
KNECE P PDA EO DEQI PDAEN PA K O
2 NA A OEHU L HL HA
Semitendinosus
DA E ALO BAIKNEO EO PDA IKOP H PAN H KB
PDA D IOPNE CO D O PSK DA O W
OQLANBE E H HK C DA AALAN ODKNP
DA DA OAIEPA E KOQO HEAO OQLANBE E H Semimembranosus
PK PDA AALAN OAIEIAI N KOQO KPD
KB SDE D NA HK PA IKNA IA E HHU K
PDA LKOPANEKN PDECD Fibula
1 ( * ( .32 *TPA OEK KB DEL Tibia INSERTION
BHATEK KB G AA Tibia and
fibula
,UI
B PO IQO HA
3.6
 E ALO BAIKNEO Q EK E ALO BAIKNEO
Q E C U HE C OSEIIE C 1 ( * ( .32 *TPA OEK
(HEI E C OP ENO ATPAN H NKP PEK KB PDA DEL HATEK KB
PDA G AA
P EHEO PEK KB PDA DEL SDA
A E C
ORIGIN
;ELE C BAAP K KKNI P
Ischial
tuberosity and
posterior surface
) EHU

of the femur
OA
( N EK NQ E C OPALLAN
NKOO PN E AN
AOEOP A HAC QNH HAC
LNAOO OMQ P A HEBP HQ CA
OPAL QL R NE PEK O
KSAN FQILE C DKLLE C
H A OE CHA HAC OMQ P
A HEBP
INSERTION
Head of the fibula
,UI
B PO IQO HA
3.7
 AIEPA E KOQO Q EK AIEPA E KOQO
Q E C U HE C OSEIIE C 1 ( * ( .32 *TPA OEK KB PDA
(HEI E C OP ENO DEL HATEK KB PDA G AA LKOPANEKNHU PEHPO
PDA LAHREO
P EHEO PEK KB PDA DEL SDA
A E C
;ELE C BAAP K KKNI P
ORIGIN
Ischial
tuberosity
) EHU

OA
( N EK NQ E C OPALLAN
NKOO PN E AN
AOEOP A HAC QNH HAC
LNAOO OMQ P A HEBP HQ CA
OPAL QL R NE PEK O
KSAN FQILE C DKLLE C
H A OE CHA HAC OMQ P
A HEBP
INSERTION
Upper medial
surface of the
tibia
,UI
B PO IQO HA
3.8
 AIEIAI N KOQO Q EK AIEIAI N KOQO
Q E C U HE C OSEIIE C 1 ( * ( .32 *TPA OEK KB PDA
(HEI E C OP ENO DEL HATEK KB PDA G AA LKOPANEKNHU PEHPO
PDA LAHREO
P EHEO PEK KB PDA DEL SDA
A E C
;ELE C BAAP K KKNI P
ORIGIN
Ischial
) EHU
 tuberosity
OA
( N EK NQ E C OPALLAN
NKOO PN E AN
AOEOP A HAC QNH HAC
LNAOO OMQ P A HEBP HQ CA
OPAL QL R NE PEK O
KSAN FQILE C DKLLE C
H A OE CHA HAC OMQ P
A HEBP
INSERTION
Upper medial
surface of the
tibia
,UI
B PO IQO HA
3.9
,HQPA HO Q EK ,HQPA HO
Q E C U HE C OSEIIE C ,HQPAQO I TEIQO
OG PE C E C
,HQPAQO IA EQO ORIGIN
(HEI E C OP ENO Iliac crest
Coccyx
P EHEO PEK KB PDA DEL SDA ,HQPAQO IE EIQO
A E C and ilium
Gluteus medius
DA PDNAA CHQPA H IQO HAO NA HK PA
K PDA LKOPANEKN OLA P KB PDA EHEQI
) EHU
 AAL PK PDA OQNNKQ E C ELKOA PEOOQA
OA Gluteus maximus
DA H NCA CHQPAQO I TEIQO EO PDA IKOP
2 LKOPANEKN OQLANBE E H KB PDA PDNAA Greater trochanter
NQ O E CK HHU NKOO PDA QPPK G
PDA CHQPAQO IA EQO HEAO K PDA H PAN H INSERTION
OE A KB PDA DEL KPD PDA CHQPAQO Femur and
I TEIQO IA EQO NA LKSANBQH
iliotibial
ATPA OKNO Q PKNO KB PDA DEL DA
CHQPAQO IE EIQO KP ODKS HEAO AAL band (ITB)
Femur
PK PDA CHQPAQO IA EQO BHATAO
IA E HHU NKP PAO PDA DEL
1 ( * ( .32 *TPA OEK ATPAN H
NKP PEK Q PEK KB PDA DEL
,UI
B PO IQO HA
3.10
,HQPAQO I TEIQO Q EK ,HQPAQO I TEIQO
Q E C U HE C OSEIIE C 1 ( * ( .32 *TPA OEK
OG PE C E C Q PEK ATPAN H NKP PEK KB PDA ORIGIN
(HEI E C OP ENO DEL
Coccyx,
P EHEO PEK KB PDA DEL SDA sacrum
A E C
and iliac
crest
) EHU

OA
( N EK NQ E C OPALLAN INSERTION
NKOO PN E AN NKSAN
Upper femur
AOEOP A HAC LNAOO HAC
QNH OMQ P A HEBP HQ CA and iliotibial
OPAL QL OP E C HUE C DEL band (ITB)
ATPA OEK
KSAN FQILE C DKLLE C
H A OE CHA HAC ATAN EOA
R NE PEK O
,UI
B PO IQO HA
3.11
,HQPAQO IA EQO Q EK ,HQPAQO IA EQO
Q E C U HE C OSEIIE C 1 ( * ( .32 Q PEK
OG PE C E C E PAN H NKP PEK KB DEL PANEKN BE NAO ORIGIN
(HEI E C OP ENO ATPA OEK ATPAN H NKP PEK KB DEL Upper lateral
LKOPANEKN BE NAO surface of ilium
P EHEO PEK KB PDA DEL SDA
A E C
INSERTION
) EHU

Lateral
OA
surface of
greater
( N EK NQ E C OPALLAN
NKOO PN E AN NKSAN trochanter
AOEOP A HAC LNAOO HAC
QNH OE A HQ CA OP E C HUE C
Q PEK
KSAN FQILE C DKLLE C
QPPE C LH PE C
H A OE CHA HAC ATAN EOA
R NE PEK O
,UI
B PO IQO HA
3.12
,HQPAQO IE EIQO Q EK ,HQPAQO IE EIQO
Q E C U HE C OSEIIE C 1 ( * ( .32 Q PEK
OG PE C E C E PAN H NKP PEK KB PDA DEL ORIGIN
(HEI E C OP ENO
Lateral
P EHEO PEK KB PDA DEL SDA surface of
A E C
the ilium
) EHU

OA INSERTION
Anterior surface of
greater trochanter
( N EK NQ E C OPALLAN
NKOO PN E AN NKSAN
AOEOP A HAC LNAOO HAC
QNH OE A HQ CA OP E C HUE C
Q PEK SKK DKLLE C
KSAN FQILE C DKLLE C
QPPE C LH PE C
H A OE CHA HAC ATAN EOA
R NE PEK O
,UI
B PO IQO HA
3.13
-EL Q PKN CNKQL Q EK -EL Q PKN CNKQL
;KK DKLLE C Q PKN I C QO
Superior pubis
. A OG PE C QNE C PQN E C Q PKN HK CQO ORIGIN
-KNOA NE E C CNELLE C SEPD Pubis and
PDECDO Q PKN NAREO
ischium
P EHEOE C PDA LAHREO DEL QNE C A PE AQO
S HGE C NQ E C A E C Pectineus
,N EHEO
) EHU
 Adductor brevis
OA DA BERA Q PKNO NA HK PA HK C PDA
IA E H PDECD APSAA PDA MQ NE ALO
D IOPNE CO 3B PDA BERA IQO HAO Adductor longus
2 PDA LA PE AQO Q PKN HK CQO NA
PDA IKOP PANEKN HUE C ADE PDAI EO
PDA Q PKN NAREO PDA IKOP
LKOPANEKN EO PDA Q PKN I C QO Adductor magnus
PANEKN PK PDA D IOPNE CO DAOA BKQN
IQO HAO NA LKOEPEK A LKOPANEKN PK PDA
MQ NE ALO DA BEBPD Q PKN CN EHEO Gracilis
HEAO K PDA IA E H PDECD EO PDA K HU
Q PKN PD P NKOOAO PDA G AA FKE P
INSERTION
Femur Medial femoral condyle
1 ( * ( .32 Q PEK KB PDA
DEL
,UI
B PO IQO HA
3.14
 Q PKN I C QO Q EK Q PKN I C QO
;KK DKLLE C 1 ( * ( .32 Q PEK E PAN H
. A OG PE C QNE C PQN E C NKP PEK ATPA OEK KB PDA DEL
-KNOA NE E C CNELLE C SEPD
PDECDO
P EHEOE C PDA LAHREO DEL QNE C
S HGE C NQ E C A E C ORIGIN
Base of the pubis,
and ischium
) EHU

OA
( N EK NQ E C U HE C
OPALLAN NKSAN OSEIIE C
AOEOP A HUE C OP E C
OA PA DEL Q PEK SKK
DKL R NE PEK O OP EHEO PEK
QNE C OMQ PPE C HQ CE C
KSAN FQILE C DKLLE C
GE GE C
H A OP EHEO PEK QNE C
OE CHA HAC ATAN EOAO
INSERTION
Mid to lower femur
,UI
B PO IQO HA
3.15
 Q PKN HK CQO Q EK Q PKN HK CQO
;KK DKLLE C 1 ( * ( .32 Q PEK
. A OG PE C QNE C PQN E C E PAN H NKP PEK KB PDA DEL
-KNOA NE E C CNELLE C SEPD
PDECDO
P EHEOE C PDA LAHREO DEL QNE C
S HGE C NQ E C A E C ORIGIN
Anterior pubis
) EHU

OA
( N EK NQ E C U HE C
OPALLAN NKSAN OSEIIE C
AOEOP A HUE C OP E C
OA PA DEL Q PEK SKK
DKL R NE PEK O OP EHEO PEK
QNE C OMQ PPE C HQ CE C
KSAN FQILE C DKLLE C INSERTION
GE GE C
Mid femur
H A OP EHEO PEK QNE C
OE CHA HAC ATAN EOAO
,UI
B PO IQO HA
3.16
 Q PKN NAREO Q EK Q PKN NAREO
;KK DKLLE C 1 ( * ( .32 Q PEK
. A OG PE C QNE C PQN E C E PAN H NKP PEK KB PDA DEL
-KNOA NE E C CNELLE C SEPD
PDECDO
P EHEOE C PDA LAHREO DEL QNE C ORIGIN
S HGE C NQ E C A E C
Anterior pubis
) EHU

OA
( N EK NQ E C U HE C
OPALLAN NKSAN OSEIIE C
INSERTION
AOEOP A HUE C OP E C
OA PA DEL Q PEK SKK Upper femur
DKL R NE PEK O OP EHEO PEK
QNE C OMQ PPE C HQ CE C
KSAN FQILE C DKLLE C
GE GE C
H A OP EHEO PEK QNE C
OE CHA HAC ATAN EOAO
,UI
B PO IQO HA
3.17
 A PE AQO Q EK A PE AQO
;KK DKLLE C 1 ( * ( .32 Q PEK
. A OG PE C QNE C PQN E C BATEK KB PDA DEL
-KNOA NE E C CNELLE C SEPD
PDECDO
P EHEOE C PDA LAHREO DEL QNE C ORIGIN
S HGE C NQ E C A E C Anterior, superior pubis
) EHU

OA
( N EK NQ E C U HE C INSERTION
OPALLAN NKSAN OSEIIE C Posterior, upper femur
AOEOP A HUE C OP E C
OA PA DEL Q PEK SKK DKL
R NE PEK O OP EHEO PEK QNE C
OMQ PPE C HQ CE C
KSAN FQILE C DKLLE C GE GE C
H A OP EHEO PEK QNE C
OE CHA HAC ATAN EOAO
,UI
B PO IQO HA
3.18
,N EHEO Q EK ,N EHEO
;KK DKLLE C 1 ( * ( .32 Q PEK
. A OG PE C QNE C PQN E C E PAN H NKP PEK KB PDA DEL BHATEK KB PDA
G AA
-KNOA NE E C CNELLE C SEPD
PDECDO ORIGIN
P EHEOE C PDA LAHREO DEL QNE C
Anterior, inferior pubis
S HGE C NQ E C A E C
) EHU

OA
( N EK NQ E C U HE C
OPALLAN NKSAN OSEIIE C
AOEOP A HUE C OP E C
OA PA DEL Q PEK SKK
DKL R NE PEK O HAC QNH OE A
HQ CA
KSAN FQILE C DKLLE C
GE GE C
H A OP EHEO PEK QNE C
OE CHA HAC ATAN EOAO
INSERTION
Medial,
,UI
upper tibia
B PO IQO HA
3.19
-EL ATKNO Q EK -EL ATKNO
; HGE C QLDEHH HEI E C DEGE C .HE QO
,APPE C KQP KB A QL KBB PDA OK O I FKN
BHKKN OEP QL PULA IKRAIA P ORIGIN Psoas major
Ilium and
lumbar
DA EHE QO LOK O I FKN NA
KHHA PERAHU G KS O PDA EHEKLOK O vertebrae
NA EILKNP P DEL BATKNO OP EHEOANO Iliacus
KB PDA HKS G QP DANO SEHH KBPA
) EHU
 NABAN PK PDAOA IQO HAO O PA ANHKE Y
OA
DA HK C LOK O I FKN IQO HA EO HK PA
AAL PK PDA KIE H REO AN
2 OPNAP DAO BNKI PDA HQI N RANPA N A PK
PDA HAOOAN PNK D PAN DA ODKNPAN Iliac crest
QHGEAN EHE QO HOK NQ O AAL PK PDA
KIE H K PA PO KNECE PE C P PDA
EHE BKOO
Lesser trochanter
1 ( * ( .32 HATEK KB PDA DEL
INSERTION
Lesser
trochanter
,UI
B PO IQO HA
3.20
.HE QO Q EK .HE QO
; HGE C QLDEHH HEI E C DEGE C 1 ( * ( .32 HATEK
,APPE C KQP KB A QL KBB PDA ATPAN H NKP PEK KB PDA DEL
BHKKN OEP QL PULA IKRAIA P
) EHU

OA ORIGIN
Iliac fossa
( N EK NQ E C U HE C
OPALLAN
AOEOP A HUE C OP E C
D CE C HAC N EOAO F G G EBA
K OP EHEPU HH LH G
R NE PEK O
KSAN PQ G FQILO BNK P
GE GO INSERTION
H A OE CHA HAC ATAN EOAO Lesser
PD P E RKHRA DEL BHATEK trochanter
,UI
B PO IQO HA
3.21
 OK O I FKN Q EK OK O I FKN
; HGE C QLDEHH HEI E C DEGE C 1 ( * ( .32 HATAO
,APPE C KQP KB A QL KBB PDA ATPAN HHU NKP PAO PDA DEL H PAN HHU BHATAO
BHKKN OEP QL PULA IKRAIA P PDA OLE A PANEKNHU PEHPO PDA LAHREO SDA
PDA BAIQN EO BETA
ORIGIN
Transverse
processes
) EHU
 of T12-L5
OA
( N EK NQ E C U HE C
OPALLAN
AOEOP A HUE C OP E C
D CE C HAC N EOAO F G G EBA
K OP EHEPU HH LH G
R NE PEK O
KSAN PQ G FQILO BNK P GE GO
H A OE CHA HAC ATAN EOAO
PD P E RKHRA DEL BHATEK
INSERTION
Lesser trochanter
,UI
B PO IQO HA
3.22
 A OKN B O E A H P A Q EK A OKN B O E A H P A
EHEKPE E H PN P
EHEKPE E H PN P
EOE C HACO PK HEI E PK DA PA OKN B O E A H P A EO
N OI HH OQLANBE E H IQO HA HK PA K PDA
H PAN H OE A KB PDA QLLAN PDECD ORIGIN
PP DAO PK PDA EHEKPE E H PN P HK C SEPD
PDA CHQPAQO I TEIQO DA EHEKPE E H PN P Anterior iliac crest
EO OQLANBE E H ODAAP KB B O E NQ E C
HK C PDA H PAN H PDECD AIANCE C BNKI
PDA CHQPA H B O E E OANPE C P PDA
PE E H PQ AN HA .P EO K OE ANA PK A
) EHU
 OPNK C OP EHEOE C KILK A P KB PDA DEL
OA G AA
INSERTION
( N EK NQ E C U HE C Lateral
1 ( * ( .32 HATEK
AOEOP A OMQ PPE C Q PEK KB PDA DEL upper tibia
KSAN FQILE C GE GE C PK via iliotibial
OE A
band (ITB)
H A OE CHA HAC H A
NA D
,UI
B PO IQO HA
3.23
 NPKNEQO Q EK NPKNEQO
EPPE C K PDA BHKKN E P EHKN DA O NPKNEQO EO PDA HK CAOP IQO HA E
HKPQO LKOEPEK PDA K U ATPA E C BNKI PDA PANEKN
(NKOOE C Q NKOOE C HACO OQLANEKN EHE OLE A . NKOO PDA ORIGIN
BNK P KB PDA PDECD PK PDA IA E H OLA P Anterior
KB PDA G AA superior
iliac spine
1 ( * ( .32 HATEK Q PEK (ASIS)
ATPAN H NKP PEK KB PDA DEL BHATEK
) EHU

E PAN H NKP PEK KB PDA G AA
OA
( N EK U HE C S HGE C
NQ E C OPALLAN
AOEOP A HAC N EOA
R NE PEK O OEP QLO BAAP
OA QNA OP EHEPU HH F G
G EBA
KSAN FQILE C
INSERTION
Medial
upper tibia
,UI
B PO IQO HA
3.24
 ENEBKNIEO Q EK ENEBKNIEO
P EHEO PEK KB LAHREO QNE C DA LENEBKNIEO EO BH P IQO HA PD P HEAO
OP E C OQLANBE E H PK PDA O E PE ANRA AAL
(K PNKHHE C N LE DEL IA E H PK PDA CHQPAQO I TEIQO .P EO K A KB OET ORIGIN
NKP PEK QNE C C EP AAL H PAN H NKP PKNO KB PDA DEL Anterior
surface of
sacrum
1 ( * ( .32 Q PEK
ATPAN H NKP PEK KB PDA DEL INSERTION
Superior
) EHU

OA
surface of
greater
trochanter
( N EK U HE C S HGE C
NQ E C OPALLAN
AOEOP A OP EHEO PEK
QNE C OMQ P HQ CA A HEBP
OPAL QL HAC LNAOO
KSAN FQILE C DKLLE C
H A OE CHA HAC H A
ATAN EOAO
,UI
B PO IQO HA
3.25
 Q N PQO BAIKNEO Q EK Q N PQO BAIKNEO
P EHEO PEK KB LAHREO QNE C DA MQ N PQO BAIKNEO EO BH P IQO HA
OP E C PD P EO OPNK C H PAN H NKP PKN KB PDA
(K PNKHHE C N LE DEL IA E H DEL EP HOK PO PK OP EHEOA PDA BAIKN H
NKP PEK QNE C C EP DA E PDA AP QHQI DA IQO HA EO
HEC A SEPD PDA E BANEKN CAIAHHQO KRA
PDA Q PKN I C QO AHKS ORIGIN
Ischial tuberosity
1 ( * ( .32 PAN HHU NKP PAO INSERTION
) EHU

PDA DEL OOEOPO PK Q P PDA DEL Posterior femur
OA
between greater
and lesser
( N EK U HE C S HGE C trochanter
NQ E C OPALLAN
AOEOP A OP EHEO PEK
QNE C OMQ P HQ CA A HEBP
OPAL QL HAC LNAOO
KSAN FQILE C DKLLE C
H A OE CHA HAC H A
ATAN EOAO
,UI
B PO IQO HA
3.26
3 PQN PKN ATPAN QO Q EK 3 PQN PKN ATPAN QO
E PAN QO
E PAN QO
P EHEO PEK KB LAHREO QNE C DA OI HH K PQN PKN ATPAN QO PDA
OP E C PDE GAN K PQN PKN E PAN QO IQO HAO NA
(K PNKHHE C N LE DEL IA E H KPD B OD LA SDKOA PA K O NKOO
NKP PEK QNE C C EP PDA LKOPANEKN OLA P KB PDA BAIKN H ORIGIN
A G O SAHH O H PAN HHU NKP PE C PDA Pubis and
DEL KPD IQO HAO P PK OP EHEOA PDA ischium
BAIKN H DA E PDA AP QHQI
INSERTION
Greater
trochanter
) EHU

1 ( * ( .32 PAN HHU NKP PAO
OA PDA DEL
Obturator internus
( N EK U HE C S HGE C
NQ E C OPALLAN
AOEOP A OP EHEO PEK
QNE C OMQ P HQ CA A HEBP
OPAL QL HAC LNAOO
KSAN FQILE C DKLLE C
Obturator externus
H A OE CHA HAC H A
ATAN EOAO
,UI
B PO IQO HA
3.27
,AIAHHQO OQLANEKN Q EK ,AIAHHQO OQLANEKN E BANEKN
E BANEKN
P EHEO PEK KB LAHREO QNE C DA CAIAHHQO OQLANEKN E BANEKN NA
OP E C NNKS PNE CQH N IQO HAO PD P NA
(K PNKHHE C N LE DEL IA E H KBPA K OE ANA O ATPN LAHRE L NPO ORIGIN
NKP PEK QNE C C EP KB PDA K PQN PKN E PAN QO
Ischium
INSERTION
1 ( * ( .32 PAN HHU NKP PAO
PDA DEL Greater
trochanter
) EHU
 Gemellus superior
OA
( N EK U HE C S HGE C
NQ E C OPALLAN
AOEOP A OP EHEO PEK
QNE C OMQ P HQ CA A HEBP
OPAL QL HAC LNAOO
KSAN FQILE C DKLLE C
H A OE CHA HAC H A Gemellus inferior
ATAN EOAO
,UI
B PO IQO HA
3.28
 / *
*,
DA IQO HAO KB PDA OLE A PDKN T NA HK PA
K PDA LKOPANEKN PNQ G KIE H NACEK
LNK Q A IKRAIA P KB PDA RANPA N H KHQI
NE CA DA Q EMQA NN CAIA P KB PDAOA
IQO HAO KBPA E PK A OA E PANSKRA O
HHKSO PDAI PK LH U EILKNP P NKHA E KPD
PNQ G OP EHEPU IK EHEPU DAOA IQO HAO NA
AOP Q ANOPKK SDA ERE A E PK BKQN I E
CNKQLO KN E C PK PDAEN BQ PEK PDA ATPA OKNO
ANA PKN OLE A MQ N PQO HQI KNQI PDA
BHATKNO KIE H S HH PDA H PAN H BHATKNO
MQ N PQO HQI KNQI K HEMQAO PDA
NKP PKNO K HEMQAO IQHPEBE E
DAOA IQO HAO NA QOA KPD OP PE HHU QNE C PDA
I E PA A KB QLNECDP LKOPQNA O SAHH O
U IE HHU E A E C HEBPE C IKRAIA PO
 A PQO KIE EO Q EK A PQO KIE EO
EPPE C QL E A DA NA PQO KIE EO HOK G KS O
(KQCDE C O AAVE C PDA S OD K N Y KN OET L G EO L ENA
ABA PE C IQO HA NQ E C RANPE HHU K A D OE A KB INSERTION
PDA PANEKN KIE H S HH EO PDA Cartilage of 5th
IKOP OQLANBE E H KB PDA KIE H
to 7th ribs, base
IQO HAO
of sternum
1 ( * ( .32 HATEK H PAN H
) EHU

BHATEK KB PDA OLE A LKOPANEKNHU PEHPO PDA
OA LAHREO
( N EK HH N EK ATAN EOAO
AOEOP A OLA EBE HHU
NQ D OEP QL R NE PEK O HH
NAOEOP A ATAN EOAO
KSAN HH LKSAN ATAN EOAO
H A HH H A ATAN EOAO
, , *
, / *, / / /, *
, * * ORIGIN
Pubis
,UI
B PO IQO HA
4.1
. PAN H K HEMQA Q EK . PAN H K HEMQA
EPPE C QL E A NA DE C DA E PAN H K HEMQA EO PDE IQO HA PD P
BKN H NI HK G SN LO NKQ PDA S EOP SDKOA
(DKLLE C SKK N GE C HA RAO BE NAO NQ LANLA E QH N PK PDA ATPAN H
K HEMQA DA IQO HA NQ O QL
(KQCDE C O AAVE C
ABA PE C PKS N O PDA IE HE A BNKI EPO KNECE
INSERTION
Lower 3 ribs,
1 ( * ( .32 KP PEK and the fascial
) EHU

H PAN H BHATEK KB PDA OLE A connection to
OA the linea alba
( N EK HH N EK ATAN EOAO
AOEOP A OLA EBE HHU PKNOK
NKP PEK A C PSEOPE C NQ D
HH NAOEOP A ATAN EOAO
KSAN OLA EBE HHU PDNKSE C
IKRAIA PO HH LKSAN ATAN EOAO
H A HH H A ATAN EOAO ORIGIN
Iliac crest and
, , * ,
/ *, / / /, * , thoracolumbar
* *
fascia
,UI
B PO IQO HA
4.2
*TPAN H K HEMQA Q EK *TPAN H K HEMQA
EPPE C QL E A NA DE C DA ATPAN H K HEMQA EO PDA H NCAOP
BKN H NI HK G PDA IKOP OQLANBE E H KB PDA PDNAA BH P
(DKLLE C SKK N GE C HA RAO IQO HAO KB PDA H PAN H PANEKN
KIE H S HH .P EO AOP L HL PA P EPO
(KQCDE C O AAVE C
ABA PE C PP DIA PO PK PDA HKSAN NE O
ORIGIN
1 ( * ( .32 KP PEK Outer surface
H PAN H BHATEK KB PDA OLE A of ribs 6-12
) EHU

OA
( N EK HH N EK ATAN EOAO
AOEOP A OLA EBE HHU PKNOK
NKP PEK A C PSEOPE C NQ D
HH NAOEOP A ATAN EOAO
KSAN OLA EBE HHU PDNKSE C
IKRAIA PO HH LKSAN ATAN EOAO INSERTION
H A HH H A ATAN EOAO Iliac crest, pubis, and
fascial connection to
/
,
*,
,
/
*
/ /, * ,
,

the linea alba
* *
,UI
B PO IQO HA
4.3
 Q N PQO HQI KNQI Q EK Q N PQO HQI KNQI
-EGE C PDA DEL SDA OPALLE C DA MQ N PQO HQI KNQI EO PDE G
KRAN KT IQO HA KBPA K OE ANA PK A
EOE C UKQNOAHB QL BNKI KIE H IQO HA HK PA K PDA
OE A HUE C LKOEPEK LKOPANEKN OQNB A KB PDA PDKN T .PO
HHNKKI E C AOLA E HHU IA E H LKNPEK EO AAL PK PDA ANA PKN
O HO P CK OLE A QP EPO H PAN H A CA EO AOOE HA
BNKI PDA OE A KB PDA PKNOK
INSERTION
12th rib, and
) EHU

1 ( * ( .32 PAN H BHATEK transverse
OA ATPA OEK KB PDA OLE A H PAN HHU PEHPO PDA processes of
LAHREO
L1-L4
( N EK S HGE C NQ E C
OPALLE C
AOEOP A OE A A O
KSAN DKLLE C GE GE C
FQILE C
H A OE CHA HAC H A ORIGIN
ATAN EOAO OP EHEO PEK
Posterior
iliac crest
,UI
B PO IQO HA
4.4
 AHRE BHKKN IQO HAO Q EK AHRE BHKKN IQO HAO
(KQCDE C O AAVE C DA LAHRE BHKKN IQO HAO EO BKNIA
-KH E C PDA QNCA PK ABA PA LNEI NEHU U PSK HAR PKN E PSK
KN QNE PA K UCAQO IQO HAO HK C SEPD PDA INSERTION
OQNNKQ E C B O E PDAOA OAPO KB Levator ani - coccyx, rectum, and levator ani on the other side
IQO HAO OL PDA E OE A BHKKN KB PDA
LAHREO DAHL PK OQLLKNP PDA
Coccygeus – coccyx and lower sacrum
KIE H LAHRE REO AN
) EHU
 Coccygeus
1 ( * ( .32 QLLKNPO REO AN
OA I E PA A KB K PE A A B EHEP PAO
ENPD
AOEOP A LAHRE BHKKN
K PN PEK O /ACAH
ATAN EOAO ORIGIN
Levator ani –
posterior surface of
superior pubis; inner
surface of spine of
Levator ani
ischium; obturator
fascia
Coccygeus – spine of
ischium and
sacrospinous
,UI ligament
B PO IQO HA
4.5
)E LDN CI Q EK )E LDN CI
E CE C DA E LDN CI EO PDA LNEI NU IQO HA KB
HKSE C QL HHKK NAOLEN PEK .PO NK KIA HEGA OD LA
OAL N PAO PDA QLLAN HKSAN PDKN E
)AAL NA PDE C QNE C REPEAO EPO BE NAO D RA QI AN KB
IA EP PEK
PP DIA PO PD P K RANCA P A PN H
PA K
1 ( * ( .32 )N SO KS
) EHU
 INSERTION
A PN H PA K KB E LDN CI E NA OAO
OA RKHQIA KB PDKN T QNE C E D H PEK Central tendon
U ATAN EOA PD P OEC EBE PHU
N EOAO DA NP N PA KN NAMQENAO
AALAN NA PDE C
ORIGIN
Base of the sternum, inner
surface of the lower 6 ribs,
upper 3 lumbar vertebrae
,UI
B PO IQO HA
4.6
. PAN KOP H IQO HAO Q EK . PAN KOP H IQO HAO
E CE C DA E PAN KOP H IQO HAO NA OI HH
HKSE C QL HHKK OHA AN IQO HAO APSAA PDA NE O
NA SAHH G KS O PDA IA P K OL NA Intercostals
)AAL NA PDE C QNE C NE OY DA BE NAO KB PDAOA PSK IQO HA
IA EP PEK
CNKQLO NQ LANLA E QH N PK A D KPDAN
DAU DAHL PK OP EHEOA PDA NE CA ORIGIN
OOEOP E NAOLEN PEK Inferior border of the
ribs and costal Sternum
) EHU
 cartilages
1 ( * ( .32 *HAR PA NE O PK E
OA E OLEN PEK N S NE O KS PK E
ATLEN PEK
U ATAN EOA PD P OEC EBE PHU
N EOAO DA NP N PA KN NAMQENAO
AALAN NA PDE C
INSERTION
Ribs
Superior border of the
rib below
Costal cartilage
,UI
B PO IQO HA
4.7
 DKN KHQI N B O E Q EK DKN KHQI NB O E
IQO HAO
IQO HAO
2 DA PDKN KHQI N B O E EO H NCA
E IK OD LA ODAAP PD P EO IKOP
ARAHKLA E PDA HQI N NACEK Trapezius
QI AN KB G IQO HAO HEA SEPDE PDA Thoracolumbar fascia
NEOO NKOO H UANO KB PDA B O E PDA
B O E EO HOK K PE QKQO SEPD QI AN
KB IQO HAO E HQ E C PDA CHQPAQO
Latissimus dorsi
I TEIQO PN ORANOQO KIE EO
H PEOOEIQO KNOE PN LAVEQO
) EHU

OA DA B O E D O PDNAA H UANO PANEKN
IE HA LKOPANEKN
DA IQO HAO PD P K A P E PK PDA PDNAA
2
H UANO KB PDA PDKN KHQI N B O E DAHL
PK LNKRE A KPD OP EHEVE C
EKIA D E H NKHA BKN PDA K U
Gluteus
maximus
Transversus
abdominis
,UI
B PO IQO HA
4.8
*NA PKN OLE A CNKQL Q EK *NA PKN OLE A CNKQL
1 E P E E C QLNECDP LKOPQNA LE HEO
A E C PK PDA OE A PK LE G QL K CEOOEIQO INSERTION
C KN OQEP OA
Ribs, vertebrae, and Spinalis
APQN E C PK OP E C BPAN .HEK KOP HEO
PUE C UKQN ODKAH AO base of skull
DA ANA PKN OLE A CNKQL NQ O BNKI PDA
O NQI PK PDA OA KB PDA OGQHH DA
CNKQL D O PDNAA I E N DAO W
OLE HEO HK CEOOEIQO EHEK KOP HEO C-7
) EHU
 Longissimus
OA DA OLE HEO EO PDA OI HHAOP KB PDA
ANA PKN OLE A IQO HAO HEAO HKOAOP
PK PDA OLE A E PDA H IE CNKKRA DA
2 PDE G HK CEOOEIQO EHEK KOP HEO BKNI
REOE HA IKQ HK COE A PDA HQI N
Iliocostalis
PDKN E OLE A T-12
1 ( * ( .32 *TPA OEK
H PAN H BHATEK KB PDA OLE A Thoracolumbar
aponeurosis
L-5
ORIGIN
Sacrum, ilium, ribs and vertebrae
,UI
B PO IQO HA
4.9
 LE HEO Q EK LE HEO
1 E P E E C QLNECDP LKOPQNA 1 ( * ( .32 PAN H BHATEK
A E C PK PDA OE A PK LE G QL ATPA OEK KB PDA OLE A
C KN OQEP OA
APQN E C PK OP E C BPAN INSERTION
PUE C UKQN ODKAH AO , 1 * (32 .2 *) Spinous processes of
KSAN U ATAN EOA KN IKRAIA P PD P the upper thoracic and
NAMQENAO PDA OLE A PK OP EHEOA KN ATPA cervical vertebrae
NKP PA ATLHKOERAHU A C FQILE C
) EHU
 GS N K HEMQA HH PKOO
OA
H A U ATAN EOA KN IKRAIA P
PD P NAMQENAO PDA OLE A PK A DAH
( N EK U ATAN EOA KN Q OQLLKNPA A C OE CHA HAC H A
IKRAIA P PD P NAMQENAO PDA
OLE A PK A DAH Q OQLLKNPA
A C NQ E C U HE C NKSE C
AOEOP A U ATAN EOA KN
IKRAIA P PD P NAMQENAO PDA
OLE A PK A DAH Q OQLLKNPA
KN ATPA SEPDE
BQ PEK H N CA KB IKPEK
A C OMQ PPE C HQ CE C
OP EHEPU HH G ATPA OEK
ORIGIN
Spinous processes of the upper
lumbar and thoracic vertebrae
,UI
B PO IQO HA
4.10
 K CEOOEIQO Q EK K CEOOEIQO
1 E P E E C QLNECDP LKOPQNA 1 ( * ( .32 PAN H BHATEK
A E C PK PDA OE A PK LE G QL ATPA OEK KB PDA OLE A
INSERTION
C KN OQEP OA
Ribs and transverse
APQN E C PK OP E C BPAN
PUE C UKQN ODKAH AO , 1 * (32 .2 *) processes of the
thoracic and cervical
KSAN U ATAN EOA KN IKRAIA P PD P
NAMQENAO PDA OLE A PK OP EHEOA KN ATPA vertebrae, and
NKP PA ATLHKOERAHU A C FQILE C mastoid process
) EHU
 GS N K HEMQA HH PKOO
OA
H A U ATAN EOA KN IKRAIA P
PD P NAMQENAO PDA OLE A PK A DAH
( N EK U ATAN EOA KN Q OQLLKNPA A C OE CHA HAC H A
IKRAIA P PD P NAMQENAO PDA
OLE A PK A DAH Q OQLLKNPA
A C NQ E C U HE C NKSE C
AOEOP A U ATAN EOA KN
IKRAIA P PD P NAMQENAO PDA
OLE A PK A DAH Q OQLLKNPA
KN ATPA SEPDE
BQ PEK H N CA KB IKPEK ORIGIN
A C OMQ PPE C HQ CE C Transverse processes
OP EHEPU HH G ATPA OEK
of the lumbar and
thoracic vertebrae
,UI
B PO IQO HA
4.11
.HEK KOP HEO Q EK .HEK KOP HEO
1 E P E E C QLNECDP LKOPQNA 1 ( * ( .32 PAN H BHATEK
A E C PK PDA OE A PK LE G QL ATPA OEK KB PDA OLE A
C KN OQEP OA
APQN E C PK OP E C BPAN
PUE C UKQN ODKAH AO , 1 * (32 .2 *) INSERTION
KSAN U ATAN EOA KN IKRAIA P PD P Posterior surface of
NAMQENAO PDA OLE A PK OP EHEOA KN ATPA ribs 1-12, and
NKP PA ATLHKOERAHU A C FQILE C
) EHU
 transverse processes of
GS N K HEMQA HH PKOO
OA the cervical vertebrae
H A U ATAN EOA KN IKRAIA P
PD P NAMQENAO PDA OLE A PK A DAH
( N EK U ATAN EOA KN Q OQLLKNPA A C OE CHA HAC H A
IKRAIA P PD P NAMQENAO PDA
OLE A PK A DAH Q OQLLKNPA
A C NQ E C U HE C NKSE C
AOEOP A U ATAN EOA KN
IKRAIA P PD P NAMQENAO PDA
OLE A PK A DAH Q OQLLKNPA
KN ATPA SEPDE
BQ PEK H N CA KB IKPEK
A C OMQ PPE C HQ CE C ORIGIN
OP EHEPU HH G ATPA OEK
Sacrum, ilium and posterior
surface of ribs 1-12
,UI
B PO IQO HA
4.12
1QHPEBE QO Q EK 1QHPEBE QO
QN E C PK LQP K OA P AHP DA IQHPEBE QO EO OANEAO KB OI HH
PNAP DE C NKP PE C QNE C IQO HAO SDE D PN RAH QL PDA HA CPD KB
U S PDA OLE A DAOA OQNLNEOE CHU PDE G
IQO HAO NA AOOE HA E PDA HQI N
APQN E C BNKI U A E C
IKRAIA P NACEK NA PDA K HU IQO HAO PD P
D RA BE NAO HUE C NKOO PDA LKOPANEKN
OQNB A KB PDA O NQI
) EHU

1 ( * ( .32 *TPA OEK
OA NKP PEK KB PDA OLE A
INSERTION
U ATAN EOA PD P NAMQENAO PDA Spinous processes of
K PNKH I E PA A KB 2nd to 4th vertebrae
KLPEI H LKOPQNA L NPE QH NHU
QNE C OLE H ATPA OEK above each
NKP PEK origin
ORIGIN
Sacrum and transverse
processes of lumbar,
thoracic and
cervical vertebrae
,UI
B PO IQO HA
4.13
 KP PKNAO E PANOLE HEO Q EK KP PKNAO E PANOLE HEO
E PANPN ORANO NEE
E PANPN ORANO NEE
EPPE C OP E C IKRE C DA NKP PKNAO HEA AAL PK PDA IQHPEBE E
SEPD Q OQLLKNPA OLE A OL PDA A PENA OLE A PDA
E PANPN ORANO NEE NA PDA AALAOP Interspinalis
IQO HAO E PDA ANRE H HQI N
NACEK O OL E C APSAA PDA
PN ORANOA LNK AOOAO DA E PANOLE HEO
IQO HAO OL PDA ANRE H HQI N
NACEK O APSAA PDA OLE KQO LNK AOOAO Intertransversarii
INSERTION
KB F A P RANPA N A
) EHU
 Rotatores: Spinous processes
of lumbar through to second
OA
cervical
1 ( * ( .32 KP PKNAO vertebra (span 1-2 vertebrae)
*TPA OEK KB PDA OLE A HH IQO HAO Intertransversarii: Rotatores
U ATAN EOA PD P NAMQENAO PDA
K PNKH I E PA A KB NKP PEK KB PDA OLE A PK KLLKOEPA OE A Transverse processes of C2-
KLPEI H LKOPQNA L NPE QH NHU NKP PKNAO H PAN H BHATEK KB PDA OLE A C7 and L1-L5
QNE C OLE H ATPA OEK PK O IA OE A E PANPN ORANO NEE Rotatores: Spinous processes
NKP PEK H PAN H BHATEK of C2-T3 and T12-L5
ORIGIN
Rotatores: Transverse processes of lumbar through cervical vertebrae
Intertransversarii: Transverse processes of C2-C7 and L1-L5
Interspinalis: Spinous processes of C2-T3 and T12-L5
,UI
B PO IQO HA
4.14
 / *
*/ , ,
DA IQO HAO KB PDA ODKQH AN NI OL PDA
A PENA G NE CA HOK ATPA KS PK
PDA AH KS PKIE HHU BQ PEK HHU PDAU NA
ATPNAIAHU ERANOA CNKQL KB IQO HAO LNK Q E C
IKRAIA P KB PDA DQIANQO H RE HA O LQH NE O
ANRE H RANPA N A DAOA IQO HAO NA KBPA
H OOEBEA O AEPDAN OQLANBE E H E HQ E C PDA AHPKE
PN LAVQO H PEOOEIQO KNOE LA I FKN KN AAL
E HQ E C PDA NKP PKN QBB NDKI KE O HAR PKN
O LQH A LA IE KN P PDA ODKQH AN PDAOA
IQO HAO BQ PEK PK BHAT ATPA IA E HHU H PAN HHU
NKP PA Q P Q P DKNEVK P HHU
Q P Q P PDA ODKQH AN FKE P P PDA O LQH
PDA IQO HAO LNK Q A IKRAIA PO KB AHAR PEK
ALNAOOEK NAPN PEK LNKPN PEK QLS N
KS S N NKP PEK PDA IQO HAO KB PDA NI
NA PA BHATEK ATPA OEK OKIA NKP PEK P PDA
AH KS FKE P
DA OQLANBE E H IQO HAO KB PDA ODKQH AN NI
K PNE QPA PK H NCAN U IE IKRAIA PO KB PDA
QLLAN K U A C PDNKSE C LQODE C LQHHE C SDEHA
PDA AALAN IQO HAO OOEOP PDKOA KB PDA OLE A E
NA PE C OP PE U IE OP EHEO PEK QNE C
OQ D IKRAIA PO
 DKI KE CNKQL Q EK DKI KE CNKQL
PE GE C KQP PDA DAOP DKI KE I FKN
DNQCCE C PDA ODKQH ANO DKI KE IE KN
PNAP DE C PDA DAOP QLK
S GE C DA NDKI KE O NA HK PA APSAA PDA Rhomboid minor
O LQH OLE A NA OK HHA
QHHE C KLA N SAN
A QOA KB PDAEN CAKIAPNE OD LA DA
NDKI KE I FKN EO H NCAN PD PDA IE KN ORIGIN
HPDKQCD PDAU NA EBBE QHP PK EOPE CQEOD Upper thoracic vertebrae
E ERE Q HHU DAOA IQO HAO HEA AAL PK
) EHU

PDA PN LAVEQO OQLANBE E H PK PDA Rhomboid major
OA ANA PKN OLE A INSERTION
Medial
2
1 ( * ( .32 APN PEK
border of the
AHAR PEK KB PDA O LQH scpaula
Spine of scapula
Medial border of scapula
,UI
B PO IQO HA
5.1
 DKI KE I FKN Q EK DKI KE I FKN
PE GE C KQP PDA DAOP 1 ( * ( .32 APN PEK
DNQCCE C PDA ODKQH ANO AHAR PEK KB PDA O LQH
PNAP DE C PDA DAOP QLK
S GE C
QHHE C KLA N SAN ORIGIN
Spinous processes of
T2-T5
) EHU

OA
( N EK NKSE C NKOO PN E AN
2KN E OGEE C OSEIIE C
AOEOP A U PULA KB NKSE C INSERTION
ATAN EOA A C OA PA A P KRAN
AP NARANOA BHUAO Medial border and inferior angle
KSAN HH PULAO KB PDNKSE C of the scapula
PEK O OSE CE C P N GAP
H A QLLAN K U H A
ATAN EOAO A C LQOD QL OE CHA
NI HAC NA D OE A NE CA OQLLKNP
,UI
B PO IQO HA
5.2
 DKI KE IE KN Q EK DKI KE IE KN
PE GE C KQP PDA DAOP 1 ( * ( .32 APN PEK
DNQCCE C PDA ODKQH ANO AHAR PEK KB PDA O LQH
PNAP DE C PDA DAOP QLK
S GE C ORIGIN
QHHE C KLA N SAN Spinous processes of
C7-T1
) EHU

OA
( N EK NKSE C NKOO PN E AN
2KN E OGEE C OSEIIE C
AOEOP A U PULA KB NKSE C INSERTION
ATAN EOA A C OA PA A P KRAN
AP NARANOA BHUAO Upper medial border
KSAN HH PULAO KB PDNKSE C of the scapula
PEK O OSE CE C P N GAP
H A QLLAN K U H A
ATAN EOAO A C LQOD QL OE CHA
NI HAC NA D OE A NE CA
OQLLKNP
,UI
B PO IQO HA
5.3
 N LAVEQO Q EK N LAVEQO
DNQCCE C PDA ODKQH ANO DA PN LAVEQO HEAO OQLANBE E HHU NKOO
-KH E C LDK A APSAA A N PDA A G QLLAN IE HA G
ODKQH AN LLA NE C HEGA LAY KRAN PDA
ODKQH ANO .PO BE NAO A ERE A E PK
( NNUE C NQ GO G
PDNAA CNKQLO W QLLAN IE HA HKSAN
W HH BE NAO NA A OU PK L HL PA ORIGIN
Base of skull
1 ( * ( .32 *HAR PEK
) EHU
 INSERTION
NAPN PEK ALNAOOEK KB ODKQH AN
OA CEN HA ATPA OEK H PAN H BHATEK Lateral clavicle
NKP PEK KB PDA A G and upper surface
( N EK NKSE C OSEIIE C of the scapula
U HE C SDA KQP KB OA P
AOEOP A N AHH QI AHH
ODNQCO QLNECDP NKSO
KSAN HA Y LKNPEK KB ORIGIN
HA FANG
Spinous processes C7
H A D OP
to T12
,UI
B PO IQO HA
5.4
 AR PKN O LQH A Q EK AR PKN O LQH A
KKGE C KRAN PDA ODKQH AN DA HAR PKN O LQH A EO LKOEPEK A HK C
( NNUE C DA RU ODKLLE C PDA H PAN H LKOPANEKN OE A KB PDA
C A G EO A OU PK L HL PA PDNKQCD PDA
BE NAO KB PDA QLLAN PN LAVEQO O SAHH O
E A HUE C E A K LEHHKS
BNKI PDA OE A KB PDA A G
ORIGIN
Transverse processes
1 ( * ( .32 *HAR PEK KB PDA of C1-C4
ODKQH AN CEN HA H PAN H BHATEK
) EHU

ATPA OEK KB PDA A G
INSERTION
OA Superior angle
of the scapula
( N EK NKSE C OSEIIE C
U HE C SDA KQP KB OA P
AOEOP A N AHH QI AHH
ODNQCO
KSAN HA Y LKNPEK KB
HA FANG
,UI
B PO IQO HA
5.5
 PEOOEIQO KNOE Q EK PEOOEIQO KNOE
; HGE C SEPD NQP DAO DA H PEOOEIQO KNOE EO PDA H NCAOP
KLA HEI E C IQO HA KB PDA G LKSANBQH
ATPA OKN KB PDA ODKQH AN KPD A O KB
HE C KA PDA IQO HA NA EBBE QHP PK EOKH PA QP
PDA IE HA LKNPEK EO NAH PERAHU A OU PK
L HL PA INSERTION
Anterior upper
humerus
1 ( * ( .32 *TPA OEK
) EHU

Q PEK E PAN H NKP PEK KB PDA
OA ODKQH AN
( N EK OSEIIE C BNK P
N SH 2KN E S HGE C
AOEOP A H P LQHH KS
DE QLO LQHHKRAN
KSAN BNK P OKIANO QHP
CUI OPE O PDNKSE C HH
ORIGIN
Lower 7 thoracic vertebrae, inferior
angle of the scapula, thoracolumbar
fascia and iliac crest
,UI
B PO IQO HA
5.6
 ANAO I FKN Q EK ANAO I FKN
; HGE C SEPD NQP DAO DA PANAO I FKN EO NAC N A O PDA HEPPHA
KLA HEI E C NKPDANY KB PDA H PEOOEIQO KNOE A QOA
EP BQ PEK O O KILHAPA OU ANCEOP
HE C KA AE C OQLANBE E H IQO HA HK C PDA
H PAN H KN AN KB PDA O LQH EP EO A OU
PK L HL PA
INSERTION
Upper
1 ( * ( .32 *TPA OEK
) EHU
 humerus
Q PEK E PAN H NKP PEK KB PDA
OA ODKQH AN
( N EK OSEIIE C BNK P
N SH 2KN E S HGE C ORIGIN
AOEOP A H P LQHH KS Inferior angle
DE QLO ODKQH AN IA E H
NKP PEK of the scapula
KSAN BNK P OKIANO QHP
CUI OPE O PDNKSE C HH
,UI
B PO IQO HA
5.7
 KP PKN QBB CNKQL Q EK KP PKN QBB CNKQL NP
NP
A DE C QL PK PKQ D PDA QLN OLE PQO
AEHE C OQLN OLE PQO
. BN OLE PQO
E C UKQN B A SDA DKP
E BN OLE PQO PANAO IE KN ANAO IE KN
A DE C NKQ PK O N P D
UKQN G OQ O LQH NEO Q O LQH NEO
ORIGIN
DA OQLN OLE PQO E BN OLE PQO PANAO
) EHU
 INSERTION
IE KN OQ O LQH NEO NKP PKN QBB
OA A KIL OO OP EHEOA PDA
CHA KDQIAN H FKE P DA OQLN OLE PQO EO
DQ GU IQO HA HUE C E PDA Supraspinatus
2
OQLN OLE KQO BKOO AAL PK PDA QLLAN
PN LAVEQO DA BH PPAN E BN OLE PQO EO
HK PA E PDA E BN OLE KQO BKOO SEPD
IKOP KB EPO AHHU AE C OQLANBE E H DA
PANAO IE KN EO OI HHAN IQO HA
LKOEPEK A APSAA PDA E BN OLE PQO
PANAO I FKN DA AALHU LKOEPEK A
OQ O LQH NEO EO HK PA K PDA PANEKN Infraspinatus Teres minor
OQNB A KB PDA O LQH
,UI
B PO IQO HA
5.8
 KP PKN QBB CNKQL Q EK KP PKN QBB CNKQL NP
NP
A DE C QL PK PKQ D PDA QLN OLE PQO
AEHE C OQLN OLE PQO
. BN OLE PQO
E C UKQN B A SDA DKP
E BN OLE PQO PANAO IE KN ANAO IE KN
A DE C NKQ PK O N P D
UKQN G OQ O LQH NEO Q O LQH NEO
INSERTION
DA OQLN OLE PQO E BN OLE PQO PANAO
) EHU

IE KN OQ O LQH NEO NKP PKN QBB
OA A KIL OO OP EHEOA PDA
CHA KDQIAN H FKE P DA OQLN OLE PQO EO
DQ GU IQO HA HUE C E PDA
2
OQLN OLE KQO BKOO AAL PK PDA QLLAN ORIGIN
PN LAVEQO DA BH PPAN E BN OLE PQO EO
HK PA E PDA E BN OLE KQO BKOO SEPD
IKOP KB EPO AHHU AE C OQLANBE E H DA
PANAO IE KN EO OI HHAN IQO HA
LKOEPEK A APSAA PDA E BN OLE PQO
PANAO I FKN DA AALHU LKOEPEK A
OQ O LQH NEO EO HK PA K PDA PANEKN Subscapularis
OQNB A KB PDA O LQH
,UI
B PO IQO HA
5.9
 QLN OLE PQO Q EK QLN OLE PQO
A DE C QL PK PKQ D PDA 1 ( * ( .32 Q PEK
AEHE C OQLN OLE PQO OP EHEO PEK KB PDA ODKQH AN FKE P
E C UKQN B A SDA DKP
E BN OLE PQO PANAO IE KN
A DE C NKQ PK O N P D
UKQN G OQ O LQH NEO
ORIGIN
Superior surface of INSERTION
) EHU

OA scapula (above spine of Upper
scapula) humerus
( N EK OSEIIE C
AOEOP A ODKQH AN ATPAN H
NKP PEK H PAN H N EOA
KSAN PDNKSE C IKRAIA PO
,UI
B PO IQO HA
5.10
. BN OLE PQO Q EK . BN OLE PQO
A DE C QL PK PKQ D PDA 1 ( * ( .32 *TPAN H NKP PEK
AEHE C OQLN OLE PQO Q PEK DKNEVK P H ATPA OEK
E C UKQN B A SDA DKP OP EHEO PEK KB PDA ODKQH AN FKE P
E BN OLE PQO PANAO IE KN
A DE C NKQ PK O N P D
UKQN G OQ O LQH NEO INSERTION
Upper
ORIGIN humerus
) EHU
 Posterior
OA surface of
scapula
( N EK OSEIIE C NKSE C (below
AOEOP A ODKQH AN ATPAN H spine of
NKP PEK H PAN H N EOA scapula)
KSAN PDNKSE C IKRAIA PO
,UI
B PO IQO HA
5.11
 ANAO IE KN Q EK ANAO IE KN
A DE C QL PK PKQ D PDA 1 ( * ( .32 *TPAN H NKP PEK
AEHE C OQLN OLE PQO Q PEK OP EHEO PEK KB PDA
E C UKQN B A SDA DKP ODKQH AN FKE P
E BN OLE PQO PANAO IE KN
A DE C NKQ PK O N P D
UKQN G OQ O LQH NEO INSERTION
Upper
humerus
) EHU

OA
( N EK OSEIIE C NKSE C
AOEOP A ODKQH AN ATPAN H
NKP PEK H PAN H N EOA ORIGIN
KSAN PDNKSE C IKRAIA PO Lateral border of scapula
,UI
B PO IQO HA
5.12
 Q O LQH NEO Q EK Q O LQH NEO
A DE C QL PK PKQ D PDA 1 ( * ( .32 . PAN H NKP PEK
AEHE C OQLN OLE PQO Q PEK OP EHEO PEK KB PDA
E C UKQN B A SDA DKP ODKQH AN FKE P
E BN OLE PQO PANAO IE KN
A DE C NKQ PK O N P D
UKQN G OQ O LQH NEO
INSERTION
Upper humerus
) EHU

OA
ORIGIN
( N EK OSEIIE C NKSE C Anterior surface of the
AOEOP A ODKQH AN E PAN H scapula
NKP PEK E CK H ATPA OEK
KSAN PDNKSE C IKRAIA PO
,UI
B PO IQO HA
5.13
)AHPKE Q EK )AHPKE
HIKOP U IKRAIA P PD P DA AHPKE EO PNE CQH N OD LA
E RKHRAO PDA ODKQH AN IQO HA PD P OQNNKQ O PDA ODKQH AN
A DE C KQP PK OD GA FKE P .PO BE NAO A ERE A E PK PDNAA
OKIAK AYO D CNKQLO W PANEKN IE HA LKOPANEKN
EBPE C NE G PK UKQN IKQPD BE NAO W HH KB SDE D NA A OU PK L HL PA
1 ( * ( .32 Q PEK BHATEK ORIGIN
) EHU

ATPA OEK DKNEVK P H BHATEK Clavicle and upper
ATPA OEK E PAN H ATPAN H NKP PEK scapula
OA KB PDA ODKQH AN
( N EK NKSE C OSEIIE C
U HE C NQ E C NKOO PN E AN
AOEOP A H PAN H N EOA
ODKQH AN LNAOO LQOD QL
KSAN PDNKSE C LQ DE C
NPSDAAH HA FANG
H A OE A NE CA
D OP (N A LKOA E INSERTION
UKC Upper humerus
,UI
B PO IQO HA
5.14
 ANN PQO PANEKN Q EK ANN PQO PANEKN
QODE C KLA KKN DA OANN PQO PANEKN HEAO HK C PDA
A DE C PK KLA SE KS LKOPANEKN H PAN H NE CA EO KBPA
NABANNA PK O PDA OQLANDANKY IQO HA
.PO BE NAO ATPA BNKI PDA NE O PK PDA
IA E H KN AN KB PDA O LQH DA
IQO HA EO Q EMQA E EPO EHEPU PK Q P INSERTION
PDA O LQH P CK EOPE PK PDA
Anterior surface of
NDKI KE O
medial border of
) EHU
 scapula
OA 1 ( * ( .32 NKPN PEK KB
O LQH
ORIGIN
( N EK OSEIIE C
Surface of upper 8 or 9
AOEOP A LQOD QL A D
LNAOO LQHHKRAN ribs
KSAN PDNKSE C OSE CE C
LQ DE C IKRAIA PO
,UI
B PO IQO HA
5.15
 A PKN HEO I FKN Q EK A PKN HEO I FKN
QODE C KLA KKN DA LA PKN HEO I FKN EO H NCA LKSANBQH
SE C LEA A KB SKK IQO HA PD P B O NKOO PDA DAOP .PO
BE NAO NA A OEHU AOOE HA NA
OE C NKHH K AK KN P ERE A E PK PDNAA OACIA PO W PDA
H RE QH N OPAN H KOP H BE NAO
1 ( * ( .32 HATEK DKNEVK P H
BHATEK Q PEK E PAN H NKP PEK
) EHU

KB PDA ODKQH AN
OA
( N EK OSEIIE C ORIGIN
AOEOP A LQOD QL A D Clavicle and sternum INSERTION
LNAOO LA BHUA Humerus
KSAN PDNKSE C
LQ DE C IKRAIA PO
,UI
B PO IQO HA
5.16
 A PKN HEO IE KN Q EK A PKN HEO IE KN
QODE C KLA KKN DA LA PKN HEO IE KN EO PDA OI HHAN KB
A DE C E PK AAL BNK P PDA PSK LA PKN H IQO HAO HEAO AAL
LK GAP PK PDA LA PKN HEO I FKN .P SKNGO SEPD
PDA OANN PQO PANEKN PK Q P PDA
GE C AAL NA PD
O LQH DA IQO HA EO AOP AOOA
U OHE E C Q AN A PD PDA PDE G LA PKN HEO
I FKN
) EHU

1 ( * ( .32 )ALNAOOEK
INSERTION
OA LNKPN PEK KB PDA O LQH Coracoid process
of scapula
( N EK OSEIIE C AHAR PAO
NE CA QNE C U ANK E
PEREPU
AOEOP A LQOD QL A D
LNAOO LA BHUA
KSAN PDNKSE C
LQ DE C IKRAIA PO ORIGIN
Anterior surface of 3rd
- 5th ribs
,UI
B PO IQO HA
5.17
 E ALO N DEE Q EK E ALO N DEE
E GE C QL ODKLLE C C DA E ALO N DEE EO OQLANBE E H IQO HA
OE C O NAS NERAN K PDA PANEKN OQNB A KB PDA NI .P
D O ODKNP DA HK C DA SDE D
( NNUE C DEH IANCA PK BKNI LNKIE A P AHHU
1 ( * ( .32 HATEK KB PDA
AH KS OQLE PEK KB PDA BKNA NI BHATEK
KB PDA ODKQH AN
) EHU

ORIGIN
OA
Anterior surface of the
scapula
( N EK NKSE C
AOEOP A E ALO QNH DE
QL
KSAN PDNKSE C OSE CE C
LQ DE C IKRAIA PO
INSERTION
Upper radius
,UI
B PO IQO HA
5.18
(KN K N DE HEO Q EK (KN K N DE HEO
A DE C NKQ PK O N P D DA KN K N DE HEO EO OI HH OHA AN
UKQN KLLKOEPA A N IQO HA HK PA P PDA QLLAN IA E H L NP
NKPA PE C UKQN B A KB PDA NI .P EO AAL PK PDA LA PKN HEO
I FKN PANEKN AHPKE QP A KIAO
L HL HA SDA PDA ODKQH AN EO Q PA
1 ( * ( .32 HATAO
Q PO PDA ODKQH AN ORIGIN
) EHU

Coracoid process of the
OA
scapula
( N EK OSEIIE C NQ E C
AOEOP A LQOD QL A D
LNAOO
KSAN PDNKSE C OSE CE C
LQ DE C HK GE C INSERTION
IKRAIA PO Medial surface of humerus
,UI
B PO IQO HA
5.19
 N DE HEO Q EK N DE HEO
E GE C QL KT DA N DE HEO EO PDA K HU PNQA BHATKN KB
( NNUE C DEH YO N OA P PDA AH KS HEAO AAL PK PDA E ALO
N DEE .PO H PAN H BE NAO APSAA PDA
NE CE C BKK PK UKQN IKQPD E ALO PNE ALO NA A OU PK L HL PA
1 ( * ( .32 HATAO PDA AH KS
) EHU

OA
ORIGIN
( N EK OSEIIE C NA OP Front surface of humerus
OPNKGA NKSE C
AOEOP A E ALO QNH DE
QL
KSAN PDNKSE C PA EO
OPNKGAO CN LLHE C
INSERTION
Upper ulna
,UI
B PO IQO HA
5.20
 N DEKN E HEO Q EK N DEKN E HEO
OE C O NAS NERAN KN DA N DEKN E HEO EO HK C OQLANBE E H
KNGO NAS IQO HA K PDA H PAN H OE A KB PDA
;DEOGE C ACCO BKNA NI .P NQ O PDA A PENA HA CPD KB PDA
BKNA NI EPO BE NAO REOE HU LNKPNQ A ORIGIN
SDA K PN PA Humerus
1 ( * ( .32 HATAO PDA AH KS
OOEOPO PK LNK PA OQLE PA PDA
) EHU

BKNA NIO
OA
( N EK OSEIIE C NA OP
OPNKGA NKSE C
AOEOP A E ALO QNH
NARANOA CNEL DE QL INSERTION
KSAN PDNKSE C PA EO Lower radius
OPNKGAO CN LLHE C
,UI
B PO IQO HA
5.21
 NE ALO N DEE Q EK NE ALO N DEE
QODE C KKN HKOA DA PNE ALO N DEE EO PDA K HU IQO HA
(HKOE C PDA KKP KB N HK PA K PDA LKOPANEKN OE A KB PDA NI
.P EO I A QL KB PDNAA OQLANBE E H DA O W
- IIANE C EHO HK C H PAN H IA E H W HH KB SDE D NA
A OEHU AOOE HA
1 ( * ( .32 *TPA OEK KB ORIGIN
AH KS ATPA OEK Q PEK KB Posterior upper humerus
) EHU

ODKQH AN
OA and scapula
( N EK OSEIIE C U HE C
KQP KB OA P
AOEOP A PNE ALO ATPA OEK
LQOD QL ELO
KSAN PDNKSE C
LQ DE C IKRAIA PO
INSERTION
Upper ulna
,UI
B PO IQO HA
5.22