Summary of Principles in Language Teaching

Grammar- Audio-Lingual Total Physical Total Physical

Translation Method Response Response
1. Goals Read literature in Communication. Communication. Communication.
L2. Develop Automaticity by Learning L1= Learning L1=
mind. Learn learning new learning L2. learning L2.
grammar, habits. -teach basic -teach basic
vocabulary, and speaking skills speaking skills
culture. -provide an -provide an
enjoyable enjoyable
learning learning
experience experience
2. Role of the Traditional. T is T-centered. T Director. T Director. T
teacher/stude the authority. Ss provides model provides model provides model
nt learn from the T. of L2 for of L2 for of L2 for
imitation imitation. Later imitation. Later
Sts: imitate and role reversal. role reversal.
produce the
correct output
3. Teaching/ Translation. New grammar Comprehension Comprehension
Learning Deductive study and vocabulary before before
Process? of grammar. through production. production.
Memorize dialogues. Modelling by T Modelling by T
vocabulary. Drills. followed by followed by
Inductive performance. performance.
grammar.
Learning is
habit formation.
4. Nature of T to S. T-directed. T speaks, Ss T speaks, Ss
student/teache S/S in drills. respond respond
r interaction nonverbally. nonverbally.
Later, Ss Later, Ss
verbalize. verbalize.
5. How are N.A. N.A. Ss have fun in a Ss have fun in a
students’ nonstressful nonstressful
feelings dealt situation. situation.
with?
6. View of Literary language Language as Spoken over Spoken over
language/ over spoken system of written written
culture? language. patterns/units. culture is the culture is the
Simple to lifestyle of lifestyle of
complex. speakers. speakers.
7. What Vocabulary/ Structure Grammar and Grammar and
language grammar. important. vocabulary vocabulary
skills are Reading/writing. Listen-speak- (initially via (initially via
emphasized? read- imperatives). imperatives).
write. Comprehension Comprehension
precedes precedes
production. production.
8. Role of the L1 in classroom. L1 habits -L1 is used for -L1 is used for
native Two-way interfere beginners but beginners but
language? translation. with L2. Avoid rarely used later rarely used later
L1. on. on.

9. How does Written Discrete point By observation. By observation.

evaluation translations. testing for
occur? Apply grammar accuracy.
rules.
10. Treatment T supplies Avoid errors by Unobtrusive Unobtrusive
of errors? correct answer. overlearning. correction. correction.
11. Associated Moses Charles Fries James Asher James Asher
with whom?
Communicative
Language
Teaching
1. Goals Communication in
social context.
Appropriacy.
Functional
competence.
2. Role of the Facilitator.
teacher/student? Manager of
learning activities.
Promotes
communication
among Ss.
3. Teaching/ Ss learn to
Learning communicate by
Process negotiating
meaning in real
context. Activities
include information
gap, choice,
feedback.
4. Nature of T arranges tasks for
student/teacher communication. S/S
interaction? interaction.

5. How are Ss are motivated to

students’ learn thru
feelings dealt usefulness of
with? language functions.
6. View of Language in social
language/ context, for
culture? communication.
7. What skills Function over form.
are Discourse and
emphasized? sociolinguistic
competence + all 4
skills.
8. Role of L1? Generally not used.

9. How does Communicative

evaluation tests. Fluency and
occur? accuracy.
10. Treatment No error correction
of errors? unless errors
interfere with
communication.
11. Associated Various.
with whom?